#grey parrot diet in the wild

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PARROTS FOR SALE ONLINE – HEALTHY EXOTIC BIRDS FOR SALE REPTILE STORE

PARROTS FOR SALE ONLINE

Live Parrots Pet Store is one of the largest Parrot Specie breeder reptile store and seller in the USA. We sell Parrots such as African Grey Parrots, Amazon Parrots, Macaw Parrots, Conure Parrots, Cockatoo Parrots, Pionus Parrots and Eclectus parrots for sale online. We are specialized in both hand raised baby Parrots and adult Parrots as well. Our pet store staff helps in the education of each customer and is here to assist any client that visits our pet store. We breed almost any parrot you can think of, from as small as parrotlet to as large as several species of Macaw. We want to be the #1 all Parrot pet store when anyone searches parrots for sale online and will work very hard to earn your business and support you in your ownership of your Parrot pet.

PARROTS FOR SALE – ALL LIVE AND HEALTHY PARROTS FOR SALE REPTILE STORE

We believe in weaning our baby birds based on their individual needs and rates of maturity. All baby parrots for sale online must get a good start in life, both nutritionally and psychologically. Each of our babies is given a hand-feeding formula that is best suited to their species and individual needs. They are given a variety of foods at an early age, which allows them to explore and experiment with different tastes and textures. Our babies are weaned onto a pelleted diet, various trail mix blends, fresh fruits and vegetables, cooked beans and rice, grains, breads, pastas, and nuts (for the Macaws & Conures).

BEST BIRD STORE ONLINE REPTILE STORE

Buy Parrots Online

We keep them in cages in our homes, but in their natural state, they are independent birds who can seek out water over hundreds of miles through pure instinct. We feed them seeds from a pet store, but they can find food in a wide variety of habitats. We give them plastic toys and mirrors to play with when in fact in the wild some have figured out how to use tools to communiparrote and attract mates. parrots for sale

#1 PARROT STORE ONLINE

Parrots For Sale Online

Welcome to Healthy Parrots For Sale Store. Your one stop online shop for the most adorable parrots you can find. We have a wide collection of these charming birds; we have several species available such as the amazon, african grey, electus, macaw etc. We also have parrot eggs for sale available on our store. All our parrots are super birds and in good health, vet checked and ready for adoption. They are properly trained and will make great home companions

Welcome To Our Parrot Pet Store – Healthy Parrots For Sale Online

The price of our Birds are very affordable every parrot lover can afford these birds. We are not out to make a profit but to find these birds the best home. The Live Parrots Shop has been breeding exotic birds since 1992 on their farm and specialize in importing and exporting birds from our Farms. Buy parrots for sale online here at floridareptiles.us

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Lizards For Sale

Lizards for Sale Reptile store

There are roughly 19 species of lizards that are native to Florida reptiles store in the geographically diverse state of the USA. Based on physical traits and appearance, four families of lizards are recognized in Florida. Reptiles of the family Crotaphytidae is typically recognized by their huge bodies and protracted tails. The Phrynosomatidae family, pet reptiles for sale in contrast, is distinguished by its diminutive size. The sizes of the third and fourth families, Scincidae and Teiidae, are not used to classify them but rather their morphologies.

Teiidae is very different from the other species. They are known as whiptails because of their long, sleek tails, bedding reptile cleaning and maintenance and their tongues are frequently forked. The lizard species of the Scincidae, however, best online reptile store have distinctly cylindrical bodies and very short limbs. Currently, you may purchase Florida lizards online from www.floridareptiles.us and benefit from our overnight shipping options. We at Florida Reptiles sell a variety of lizards, but some of the most popular ones include Abino iguanas, Yellow iguanas, Parsons Chameleons, and Grand Cayman Blue Iguanas, emerald tree boa for sale.

Snakes For Sale

Among many known reptiles of Florida, snakes are found in abundance. Around 30 species of snakes have been discovered throughout the state. While most of them are not poisonous, bidding starts on dec pm, Rattlesnake is a severely poisonous Florida reptile. There is no need for fear of encountering reptiles in Florida and visiting the wildlife with safety precautions well understood. pet reptile for sale

People find Snakes as one of the scariest reptiles; however, they play a great role in maintaining the ecosystem balance. We are reptile store have attempted to emulate good principles to take care of reptiles for sale. We have a wide selection of Florida snakes for sale. Florida  snakes can be purchased online from us, and we guarantee safe and timely delivery. Some of the most frequently purchased Florida snakes include black devil boas, reptiles for sale including , baby red tail boas, pied ball pythons, underground reptiles and adult black green tree pythons. You can buy Florida snakes online in the United States from us and save money on different species of Florida  snakes. captive bred reptiles for sale 

Turtles For Sale

Turtles are typically regarded as being harmless among the terrifying and venomous reptiles of Florida. Among the native reptiles of Florida are five different species of turtle. The Western Painted Turtle, Snapping Turtle, Spiny Softshell Turtle, and Yellow Mud Turtle are the four aquatic and wetland species. The only species found on land is an elaborate box turtle. The largest of the five species, the spiny softshell, reptile shop near montclair nj is primarily found in eastern Colorado. Ornate box turtles have recently been categorized as threatened due to habitat loss.

Every week, they rescue and take in reptiles and amphibians in Florida before placing them up for adoption in a secure environment. Some of the most well-known Florida turtle species available for purchase online include the Spotted turtle, Baby Spotted turtles, Albino Red Ear Slider turtle, Baby Asian Yellow Pond turtle, and Baby Desert Ornate Box turtle. In the USA and Europe, Florida turtles can be purchased.

Every week, they rescue and take in reptiles and amphibians in Florida before placing them up for adoption in a secure environment. Some of the most well-known Florida turtle species available for purchase online include the Spotted turtle, Baby Spotted turtles, subsrate and bedding reptile cleaning , Albino Red Ear Slider turtle, Baby Asian Yellow Pond turtle, and Baby Desert Ornate Box turtle. In the USA and Europe, Florida turtles can be purchased.

Tortoises For Sale

Unlike turtles, tortoises are land creatures. Like turtles, tortoises are shielded from predators and the elements by a hard shell. With an estimated lifespan of 200,000 years, Florida tortoises are regarded to be the longest-living land animals in the entire world. Some of the tortoise species available for purchase are adult pancake tortoises, reptile shops in edison nj , young Aldabra tortoises, young Burmese black mountain tortoises, young big south African leopard tortoises, young Greek tortoises, young hypo Sulcata tortoises, and young elongated tortoises.

These and many other varieties of tortoise are available for purchase from us online.

With only a few mouse clicks,  treats reptile subsrate and bedding captive bred reptiles for sale ,you may make the finest tortoise buy of your life with next-day delivery and enormous savings! Our enormous clientele is dispersed throughout the USA and Europe. Give us a chance to provide you with the best reptiles for sale online by ordering your Florida tortoise and other reptiles from the United States.

Are there rattlesnakes in Florida Reptile store?

Snakes are the most abundant species among all Florida reptiles. There are around thirty (30) snakes in Florida , out of which only three (03) are threats to human life. All three of these are rattlesnakes, and they come from the Viperidae family. 

Their common names are Prairie Rattlesnake, Midget Faded Rattlesnake, and Massasauga. All three rattlesnakes are different in physical appearance and various characteristics; however, they possess a few mutual characteristics that help identify them. As the name suggests, the end of the tails look rattle-like, and they have triangle-shaped heads. The eyes are vertical in shape, and all have thick bodies.

Prairie Rattlesnake is the most common type of rattlesnake species. They are the largest among the other rattlesnakes and are known as Western Rattlesnakes and Great Plain Snakes. Among the snakes found in Colorado Springs, Prairie Rattlesnake is the only rattlesnake found there. 

Midget-faded rattlesnakes are found in a limited number in Florida . Their only natural habitat is in the Green River and Florida River basins. Midget-faded rattlesnakes are generally called faded rattlesnakes due to their color and size. They have bodies the shade of pink and yellow with red scales and have darker markings all over, which fade as they age.

In addition to these venomous reptiles of Florida , two species of Massasauga Rattlesnake are also found in Southeastern Florida . These snakes include western massasaugas and desert massasaugas. 

Snakes in Southeaster

n Florida inhabit relatively dry areas such as rocky terrains and dry grasslands. They are the shortest among the Florida rattlesnakes and can grow up to 20 inches in total. The color and appearance of both the snakes are pretty similar, with greyish and dull base color and dark patches all over the body. We sell a wide variety of Florida snakes online, and you can buy them directly from our live reptiles store.

 Which species of reptiles and amphibians are there in Florida reptile store?

Florida is home to many native reptiles and amphibians. There are around 19 species of amphibians and around 58 species of reptiles currently known in the state. 

Among the species of amphibians in Florida, the Western Tiger salamander is the only salamander species. It is well-recognized as it was designated as Colorado’s state symbol in 2012. They live around water bodies such as damp areas in forests and pine barrens. 

Florida Tiger Salamander is a nocturnal species and can grow up to 14 inches. They eat everything from small insects to earthworms. Other amphibians in Florida include anurans, i.e., frogs and toads. Some of the frog species found commonly in Florida are American Bullfrog, Northern Leopard frog, Canyon Tree frog, etc. American Bullfrog is known as the biggest frog among these species. Florida toads include Great Plain Toad, Red Spotted Toad, etc. 

Among the reptiles in Florida , lizards and snakes are found in abundance. There are around nineteen (19) species of lizards and thirty (30) species of snakes found across the Colorado state. 

Lizards in Florida are categorically divided into four families. The list includes Texas Horned Lizard, Round-tail Horned Lizard, Tree Lizard, The Eastern Fence Lizard, etc. The most well-known species of snake found in the state is Rattlesnake.

Florida turtles and tortoises are found in the eastern part of Florida . Four out of five species found in the state are aquatic, and only one species, Ornate Box Turtle, is terrestrial. This terrestrial species has been marked as threatened species due to habitat loss in recent years. Contact us right away to take advantage of our special online discounts on our Florida reptiles store.

What kind of lizards are there in Florida Reptile store?

Among the Florida mountain reptiles, lizards are present in the majority population. There are around nineteen (19) species of lizards in Florida reptile store . These species are categorized into four (04) families on the basis of their size and shape. 

The first family, called Family Crotaphytidae, consists of two species. Common names for these Florida reptiles are Collared Lizard and Longnose Leopard Lizard. The characteristics that define this family are large bodies with huge heads and long limbs. 

The second family is Family Phrynosomatidae. There are nine species of lizards in this family, What is the best website to buy reptiles? and they are characterized based on their relatively small bodies. The common names are Texas Horned Lizards, Eastern Fence Lizard, Side-Blotched Lizard, Short-Horned Lizard, Desert Spiny Lizard, Tree Lizard, Lesser Earless Lizard, Sagebrush Lizard, and Round-tail Horned Lizard. 

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Where Do We Ship Reptiles?

We ship Florida reptile Store in the United States and Europe. Our customer base stretches from the United States to Canada, the UK, and all of Europe. You can buy Florida reptiles online from our online store to take advantage of our special discounts for online customers. We have a diverse clientele that ranges from the United States to Europe. The Abino iguana, Parsons Chameleon, Black devil boa, Yellow iguana, reptile store near me , Grand Cayman blue iguana, Surname boa, Spotted turtle, Baby Spotted turtle, geckos for sale and Baby red tail boa is among our most popularly purchased Florida exotic pet reptiles.

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PARROT OVERVIEW

PARROT FOR SALE

Parrots are a diverse group of birds known for their intelligence, vibrant plumage, and ability to mimic sounds and human speech. They belong to the order Psittaciformes, which includes more than 393 species.

Here are some general characteristics and information about parrots:

1. Size and Appearance: Parrots come in various sizes, ranging from small species like the Budgerigar (parakeet) to large ones like the Hyacinth Macaw. They have strong, curved beaks, zygodactyl feet (two toes facing forward and two toes facing backward), and a short, hooked upper beak. Their plumage displays a wide array of colors, including vibrant greens, blues, reds, yellows, and more.

2. Intelligence and Mimicry: Parrots are renowned for their high level of intelligence. They have complex problem-solving abilities, keen observational skills, and the capacity to learn and mimic sounds, including human speech. Some species, such as the African Grey Parrot, are particularly known for their exceptional language and cognitive abilities.

3. Natural Habitat: Parrots are found in various regions around the world, primarily in tropical and subtropical areas. They inhabit diverse habitats, including rainforests, savannas, woodlands, and deserts. Parrots are native to regions such as Central and South America, Australia, Africa, and Asia.

4. Diet: Parrots have a varied diet consisting of fruits, seeds, nuts, berries, flowers, and in some cases, nectar and pollen. Some parrot species also supplement their diet with insects, larvae, or small vertebrates. In captivity, it’s important to offer a balanced diet that includes high-quality pellets, fresh fruits, vegetables, and occasional treats.

5. Lifespan: The lifespan of parrots varies greatly depending on the species. Smaller parrots, like Budgerigars, may live around 5 to 10 years, while larger species, such as Macaws and Cockatoos, can live for several decades. Some parrots, like the African Grey Parrot, have been known to live beyond 50 years with proper care.

6. Social Behavior: Parrots are highly social creatures that thrive on social interaction and companionship. In the wild, they often form flocks and engage in complex social behaviors. In captivity, it is important to provide parrots with ample socialization, mental stimulation, and opportunities for social interaction with their human caretakers.

7. Care and Ownership: Owning a parrot requires commitment and dedication. They need a spacious and enriched environment, including a properly sized cage, perches of various sizes and textures, and toys to keep them mentally and physically stimulated. Regular veterinary check-ups, a balanced diet, and mental engagement are necessary for their well-being.

It’s important to note that parrots are long-lived, highly intelligent, and social animals that require significant time, attention, and care. Before considering a parrot as a pet, it’s crucial to thoroughly research the specific needs of the species you are interested in and ensure that you can provide them with the appropriate environment and care throughout their lifespan.

There are several species of parrots that are commonly kept as pets due to their appealing traits, including their intelligence, ability to mimic sounds, and colorful plumage.

Here are some examples of popular parrot species kept as pets:

1. Budgerigar (Parakeet): Budgerigars, often referred to as parakeets, are small parrots native to Australia. They are known for their playful and social nature, ease of care, and ability to learn simple tricks. Budgerigars are available in a variety of colors and can be great companions for first-time bird owners.

2. Cockatiel: Cockatiels are small to medium-sized parrots native to Australia. They are known for their charming crests, friendly personalities, and ability to whistle and mimic sounds. Cockatiels are relatively low-maintenance birds and can bond closely with their human caretakers.

3. African Grey Parrot: African Grey Parrots are highly intelligent parrots native to the rainforests of West and Central Africa. They are known for their exceptional talking and mimicking abilities, as well as their complex problem-solving skills. African Grey Parrots require a significant amount of mental stimulation and social interaction.

4. Amazon Parrot: Amazon Parrots are medium-sized parrots native to Central and South America. They come in a variety of colors, and some species are known for their talking abilities. Amazon Parrots are social birds that require mental stimulation, social interaction, and consistent training.

5. Conures: Conures are a group of small to medium-sized parrots native to the Americas. They come in various colors and have playful and outgoing personalities. Popular conure species kept as pets include the Green-cheeked Conure, Sun Conure, and Nanday Conure. Conures are active birds that require regular social interaction and mental stimulation.

6. Macaws: Macaws are large parrots known for their vibrant plumage and impressive size. Popular pet macaw species include the Blue and Gold Macaw, Green-winged Macaw, and Scarlet Macaw. Macaws are highly intelligent and require ample space, socialization, and mental stimulation.

7. Cockatoos: Cockatoos are large parrots known for their crest and affectionate nature. Popular pet cockatoo species include the Umbrella Cockatoo, Moluccan Cockatoo, and Goffin’s Cockatoo. Cockatoos can be demanding pets in terms of attention and care, and they need a lot of mental stimulation and social interaction.

It’s important to note that each parrot species has specific care requirements, and potential owners should thoroughly research the needs, behavior, and lifespan of the species they are interested in before making a decision. Additionally, adopting a parrot from a reputable rescue organization or breeder is recommended to ensure the bird’s well-being and to support responsible parrot ownership.

[aparichitt]

exotic-animals

Exotic animals can be incredibly fascinating and unique pets, offering an experience unlike that of more traditional companions like dogs or cats. Whether it's a brightly colored bird, a rare reptile, or a wild-looking mammal, owning an exotic animal is an opportunity to connect with a species that’s often not seen in everyday life. However, before jumping into the world of exotic pets, it’s essential to understand the responsibilities and challenges that come with owning one.

In this article, we will explore the appeal of exotic animals, popular types available for sale, and key considerations for those thinking of adding an exotic pet to their home.

Why Choose an Exotic Animal?

Exotic animals are known for their distinctive looks, behaviors, and the unique experience they offer as pets. Many people are drawn to exotic pets because they stand out, are visually striking, and often have unusual or fascinating behaviors that can be captivating to watch.

Some reasons people opt for exotic animals include:

Beauty and Uniqueness: Exotic animals are often rare or striking in appearance, with vibrant colors, unusual patterns, and unique physical features. Owning an exotic animal is a way to have a one-of-a-kind pet that catches the eye of anyone who sees it.

Low Maintenance (In Some Cases): Some exotic pets, like certain reptiles or fish, require less daily care than traditional pets. They may not require regular walking, grooming, or frequent social interaction, making them more suitable for busy individuals.

Educational Opportunities: Many exotic animals come from environments vastly different from those of domesticated pets. Learning about the animal's natural habitat, diet, and behavior can be both fun and educational for the pet owner, especially for families with children.

However, it’s important to note that while exotic animals can make wonderful pets, they require a significant amount of care, research, and often, special attention. Understanding the complexities of their care is crucial before deciding to take one on.

Popular Exotic Animals for Sale

Exotic pets come in all shapes and sizes, from the sleek and mysterious to the colorful and charismatic. Here are some of the most popular exotic animals available for sale:

1. Exotic Birds

Birds are some of the most common exotic animals kept as pets, and for good reason. They are often intelligent, social, and can form strong bonds with their owners. Some species, like parrots and cockatoos, are not only beautiful but also capable of mimicking human speech, making them incredibly entertaining companions.

Parrots: Parrots are among the most popular exotic birds, known for their colorful plumage, intelligence, and ability to mimic sounds and speech. Common species include the African grey parrot, macaws, and cockatoos. Parrots require a lot of attention and social interaction, and they are best suited for owners with time to engage them regularly.

Canaries and Finches: These smaller birds are easier to care for and are often chosen for their beautiful songs and bright feathers. While they may not interact as much with humans as parrots, they can make delightful pets for those who enjoy watching bird behavior.

2. Exotic Reptiles

Reptiles are another popular category of exotic animals, offering a diverse range of species with different characteristics. From lizards to snakes, there is a reptile for nearly every type of pet owner.

Chameleons: Chameleons are unique reptiles known for their ability to change color based on their environment or mood. They are highly fascinating creatures to observe but require precise care in terms of temperature, humidity, and UV lighting. The Veiled Chameleon and Panther Chameleon are particularly popular.

Ball Pythons: These snakes are often chosen for their docile nature and manageable size. Ball pythons are non-venomous, making them great pets for those new to snake ownership. They do require specific care, including controlled temperatures, humidity, and appropriate feeding.

Geckos: Leopard geckos are one of the most common gecko species kept as pets. They are small, easy to handle, and require minimal care compared to other reptiles. Their calm temperament makes them a popular choice for beginners.

Turtles and Tortoises: These slow-moving reptiles are ideal for pet owners with the time and space to create an appropriate habitat. Aquatic turtles require a water source, while tortoises need a dry environment with plenty of space to roam.

3. Exotic Mammals

Though less common, there are a few exotic mammals that people keep as pets. These animals can be more challenging to care for and may require specific licenses or permits depending on your location.

Sugar Gliders: Sugar gliders are small, nocturnal marsupials that can glide from tree to tree. They are social animals that form strong bonds with their owners. Sugar gliders require a specialized diet and plenty of space to glide and explore.

Kinkajous: Sometimes called “honey bears,” kinkajous are small mammals from Central and South America. They are arboreal and nocturnal, making them a unique and active pet. Kinkajous need lots of space to climb and are best kept in large, secure enclosures.

Serval Cats: Servals are wild cats native to Africa. Though they are stunningly beautiful, they are not domesticated and require large spaces to roam, specialized diets, and highly dedicated care. Owning a serval may require permits in some areas, and they can be challenging to manage due to their high energy levels and wild instincts.

4. Exotic Fish

Fish are some of the most commonly kept exotic pets due to their beauty, peaceful nature, and variety. Some exotic fish species, such as tropical fish, can be incredibly colorful and form stunning underwater displays.

Betta Fish: Known for their vivid colors and elaborate fins, betta fish are easy to care for and often kept in small tanks. They are known for their territorial behavior and can thrive in individual aquariums.

Discus Fish: These tropical fish are often considered the “king” of aquarium fish due to their round, striking appearance. Discus fish are known for their vibrant hues and delicate nature, requiring stable water conditions and consistent care.

Koi Fish: Often kept in outdoor ponds, koi are large, ornamental fish that are both beautiful and peaceful. They can live for many years and are considered symbols of good luck and prosperity in various cultures.

5. Exotic Invertebrates

For owners looking for something truly unique, exotic invertebrates, like tarantulas or scorpions, offer a completely different type of pet. These creatures are often low-maintenance and provide a very interesting visual experience.

Tarantulas: These large, hairy spiders can be fascinating to observe and can be very docile if handled properly. Different species, such as the Mexican Redknee Tarantula or the Chilean Rose, are popular as pets.

Scorpions: Scorpions are known for their powerful sting and intimidating appearance. While many scorpions are not aggressive toward humans, they require specific care, including a warm environment, proper humidity, and a diet of insects.

Key Considerations Before Owning an Exotic Animal

While exotic pets are captivating, they come with several important responsibilities:

Legal Requirements: Depending on your location, owning certain exotic animals may require a special permit or license. Some exotic pets, like serval cats or certain species of reptiles, are illegal to own in certain areas, so it's essential to check local regulations before purchasing one.

Care and Habitat: Exotic pets often have very specific habitat needs. Some may require specialized diets, unique temperature or humidity conditions, and specific types of enclosures. Researching the needs of the animal is crucial to ensure you can provide a proper home for it.

Cost of Care: Exotic animals can be expensive to care for. This includes the initial cost of purchasing the animal, setting up a proper habitat, and ongoing care, such as food, veterinary care, and any special equipment like lighting or heating.

Commitment: Many exotic animals live for many years, which means a long-term commitment. For example, a tortoise can live up to 100 years, and a parrot can live for decades. It’s important to be ready for the responsibility before adopting one.

Conclusion: A Unique Experience

Owning an exotic animal can be a rewarding and fascinating experience, but it requires dedication, research, and careful consideration. Whether you're captivated by the vibrant colors of exotic birds, the grace of reptiles, or the unusual behaviors of mammals, there’s no shortage of amazing creatures to choose from. However, it’s essential to ensure that you're fully prepared to meet the needs of these special pets before bringing one into your home.

By understanding the complexities of exotic pet care and providing a suitable environment, you can enjoy the beauty and uniqueness of your exotic companion for many years to come.

[marklofie]

A Comprehensive Guide to the Dusky Conure: The Dusky-Headed Conure

The Dusky Conure (also known as the Dusky-Headed Conure) is a delightful and charming parrot species native to South America. Known for its striking appearance, playful nature, and intelligent personality, this small but captivating bird has been gaining popularity as a pet among bird enthusiasts. Whether you are considering adopting a dusky conure or simply wish to learn more about them, this blog will provide you with a detailed look into their characteristics, care requirements, and fascinating behaviors.

What is a Dusky Conure?

The Dusky Conure is a member of the Aratinga genus, a group of small to medium-sized parrots known for their vibrant colors and engaging personalities. Native to the lowland forests of the Amazon Basin, the dusky-headed conure, or Aratinga weddellii, is primarily found in countries like Brazil, Bolivia, and Argentina.

Physical Description

The Dusky Conure is named for its distinct dark-colored head, which can range from slate-grey to charcoal, often with slight tinges of green. Their plumage is predominantly green, with a light greenish-yellow hue on their underparts, and they have slightly darker wings and tail feathers. They typically have a medium size, with an average length of around 12 to 14 inches (30 to 35 cm) and weighing between 80 to 120 grams.

One of the most interesting aspects of the dusky-headed conure’s appearance is its large, expressive eyes, which can appear almost "adorable" in their intensity. Their beaks are strong and curved, designed for cracking nuts and seeds, and their feet are zygodactyl (two toes facing forward and two backward), allowing for an excellent grip.

Behavior and Temperament

Dusky conures are known for being energetic, playful, and friendly birds, often forming strong bonds with their human caregivers. They are highly intelligent and social, needing regular mental stimulation to stay happy. They are also quite vocal and love to interact with their surroundings, often mimicking sounds and sometimes even human speech.

Despite their playful demeanor, dusky-headed conures can sometimes be a bit stubborn. However, with consistent training and positive reinforcement, they can learn tricks, follow commands, and behave in a well-mannered manner. Keep in mind that like many parrots, they may become territorial or aggressive without proper socialization, especially if they feel neglected.

The Dusky Conure's Lifespan

A Dusky-Headed Conure can live for up to 25 years or more in captivity, provided they are given the right care, diet, and attention. Their longevity is a testament to their resilience and adaptability in various environments, both wild and domestic.

Dusky Conure Care: Essential Tips for Pet Owners

If you’re thinking about bringing a Dusky-Headed Conure into your home, it's important to understand the responsibilities that come with caring for one of these fascinating birds. Here are some key considerations to ensure a happy and healthy life for your dusky conure.

1. Housing and Environment

Dusky conures are highly active birds, so providing them with a spacious cage is essential. The cage should be at least 24 inches wide, 24 inches deep, and 30 inches tall to give them enough room to move around comfortably. The bars should be no wider than ½ inch to prevent escape or injury.

It’s also essential to place the cage in a well-lit area, preferably near family activity, so the dusky headed conure feels included in household life. However, avoid placing the cage in areas with drafts, extreme temperatures, or direct sunlight. Additionally, provide a variety of perches made from different materials (wood, rope, and cement) to keep their feet healthy and provide variety.

2. Diet and Nutrition

A balanced diet is crucial for the health and well-being of your Dusky Conure. Their diet should consist of a high-quality pellet mix designed for parrots, supplemented with fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, and seeds. They especially enjoy foods like apples, carrots, grapes, leafy greens, and berries.

Ensure that your dusky conure has access to fresh water at all times and that they avoid high-fat or sugary foods that can lead to obesity or other health problems. It's also important to limit high-sodium foods, such as salty snacks, which can be harmful to birds.

Be cautious when introducing new foods and make sure they are safe for birds. Some foods, like avocado, chocolate, and caffeine, are toxic to parrots and should be avoided at all costs.

3. Socialization and Interaction

Dusky-headed conures thrive on social interaction and need regular attention from their owners to feel happy and secure. They are highly intelligent and can get bored easily if not mentally stimulated. Regular interaction, training sessions, and time spent outside the cage are essential to prevent destructive behaviors and ensure they remain well-adjusted.

These birds often form deep emotional bonds with their owners and can be very affectionate, even seeking out cuddles and attention. However, if they feel neglected or bored, they might develop undesirable behaviors like excessive screeching or feather plucking.

4. Exercise and Mental Stimulation

Given their playful nature, dusky-headed conures require daily exercise to stay healthy. Allow them to fly or explore outside their cage in a safe, enclosed area. You can also offer them toys like bells, ladders, swings, and puzzle toys to keep their minds active. A lack of mental stimulation can lead to destructive behaviors like chewing furniture or self-mutilation.

Interactive toys that require problem-solving or foraging are great choices to keep them occupied. Regular training sessions using positive reinforcement can also be beneficial in providing mental stimulation while strengthening the bond between you and your bird.

5. Grooming and Hygiene

Dusky conures are generally clean birds that do a lot of preening to maintain their feathers, but they will still require occasional grooming. This includes nail trimming, beak maintenance, and occasionally bathing. Provide your bird with a shallow dish of water or a gentle misting to encourage bathing, which will help keep their feathers healthy.

Regularly check their beak and nails to ensure they are not overgrown, as this can affect their ability to eat and perch properly. If you're unsure about how to trim a conure's nails or beak, consult with a professional avian veterinarian for advice.

Common Health Issues in Dusky Conures

Like all pets, Dusky-Headed Conures can suffer from certain health issues. It’s important to be aware of potential problems to catch them early and seek treatment from an avian vet.

1. Obesity

Obesity is a common concern for pet birds, including dusky conures. Overfeeding high-fat foods or a diet lacking variety can contribute to this condition. Ensure that your conure is getting the proper balance of nutrients and is not being overfed.

2. Feather Plucking

Feather plucking is a behavioral problem that can occur in dusky conures, often caused by stress, boredom, or lack of socialization. If you notice that your bird is plucking its feathers excessively, it's important to identify the underlying cause and address it promptly.

3. Respiratory Issues

Conures are sensitive to airborne toxins, including smoke, cleaning chemicals, and strong perfumes. Exposure to these substances can lead to respiratory infections or irritations. Be sure to provide a clean, safe environment for your bird and avoid using toxic chemicals around them.

4. Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease (PBFD)

PBFD is a viral disease that affects parrots, including dusky-headed conures. It weakens the immune system, leading to feather loss, beak deformities, and other health complications. Regular vet checkups are essential for early detection.

Dusky Conures as Pets: Why They Are Perfect for the Right Owner

A Dusky Conure can be an excellent pet for the right owner, especially for those who are prepared to meet their physical, emotional, and mental needs. Their playful and affectionate nature makes them wonderful companions, and their intelligence allows for a rewarding training experience. However, like all parrots, they require time, patience, and a commitment to their care.

If you're an experienced bird owner or willing to dedicate time to their care and socialization, a dusky conure can be a great addition to your family. Their engaging personality, combined with their striking beauty, makes them a joy to have around.

Conclusion

The Dusky Conure, or Dusky-Headed Conure, is a beautiful and intelligent parrot species that can make a wonderful pet for the right owner. With their striking appearance, playful behavior, and affectionate nature, these birds have earned their place in the hearts of many bird lovers. If you are considering bringing one into your home, be prepared to provide them with plenty of attention, socialization, and care. With the right environment, diet, and training, your dusky conure can thrive and be a loving, lifelong companion.

[rasumusalli]

Understanding Parrots: Behavior, Habits, and Care

Parrots are among the most captivating and intelligent birds in the animal kingdom. Their vibrant plumage, remarkable vocal abilities, and playful personalities make them a favorite among pet enthusiasts and bird watchers alike. This article delves into the world of parrots, exploring their behavior, natural habitats, and the care they require both in the wild and as pets.

The Fascinating World of Parrots

Parrots belong to the family Psittacidae, which encompasses around 400 species of colorful, tropical birds. These species are spread across various continents, including South America, Africa, Australia, and parts of Asia. The diversity within this family is astonishing, with variations in size, color, and vocal capabilities.

Physical Characteristics

One of the most striking features of parrots is their vibrant plumage. Colors range from brilliant greens and blues to vibrant reds and yellows. This diversity in color helps parrots blend into their natural habitats or stand out, depending on their needs. Their zygodactyl feet, which have two toes pointing forward and two backward, are adapted for gripping branches and handling food. Additionally, parrots possess a strong, curved beak ideal for cracking nuts and seeds, as well as manipulating objects.

Behavior and Social Structure

Parrots are known for their intelligence and complex social behaviors. In the wild, they live in flocks that can range from small family units to large groups of hundreds. These flocks provide social interaction, protection from predators, and assistance in finding food.

Social bonds are crucial for parrots, and their communication skills are particularly impressive. Many species are capable of mimicking human speech and other sounds they frequently hear. This mimicry is a byproduct of their highly developed vocal apparatus and cognitive abilities. In the wild, parrots use vocalizations to communicate with flock members, warn of predators, and attract mates.

Habitat and Diet

Parrots inhabit diverse environments, including tropical rainforests, savannas, and even arid regions. Their diet primarily consists of seeds, nuts, fruits, and flowers, though some species also consume insects and small animals. Their feeding habits contribute to the health of their ecosystems, as they aid in seed dispersal and plant pollination.

Parrots as Pets

Keeping a parrot as a pet can be a rewarding experience, but it also comes with significant responsibilities. Parrots are long-lived animals, with many species living for 20 to 50 years, and some even surpassing this range in captivity. This longevity requires a long-term commitment from their owners.

Choosing the Right Parrot

When selecting a parrot as a pet, it’s crucial to consider the bird’s size, temperament, and care requirements. Smaller species like the Budgerigar (budgie) or Lovebird may be suitable for first-time bird owners, while larger species like the African Grey or Macaw require more space, time, and attention.

Caring for a Parrot

Diet: A balanced diet is essential for a parrot’s health. In captivity, parrots should be provided with a variety of fresh fruits, vegetables, and high-quality pellets. Avoid feeding them chocolate, caffeine, or avocado, as these can be toxic.

Social Interaction: Parrots are highly social and require regular interaction with their human companions. Daily playtime and mental stimulation are important to prevent boredom and behavioral issues. Toys, puzzles, and training sessions can help keep them engaged.

Housing: Parrots need a spacious cage that allows them to move around comfortably. The cage should be equipped with perches, toys, and access to fresh water. Regular cleaning is necessary to maintain a healthy environment.

Health Care: Routine veterinary check-ups are vital to ensure a parrot’s well-being. Look out for signs of illness such as changes in eating habits, feather plucking, or lethargy. Regular grooming and beak trimming may also be required.

Training: Training a parrot can enhance its quality of life and strengthen the bond between bird and owner. Positive reinforcement methods, such as treats and praise, can be used to teach various commands and tricks.

Conservation and Threats

Many parrot species are facing threats due to habitat loss, illegal trapping, and the pet trade. Conservation efforts are crucial to protecting these remarkable birds and ensuring their survival for future generations. Organizations worldwide are working to preserve parrot habitats, enforce wildlife protection laws, and educate the public about responsible pet ownership.

Conclusion

Parrots are extraordinary creatures that captivate with their beauty, intelligence, and social behaviors. Whether admired in their natural habitats or cared for as pets, these birds offer a glimpse into the wonders of avian life. Understanding their needs and respecting their natural behaviors are essential steps in ensuring their well-being and conserving their populations. By fostering a greater appreciation and commitment to their care, we can help secure a brighter future for parrots around the globe.

For more visit:

https://rasumusalli.blogspot.com/2024/07/understanding-raw-parrots-guide-to.html

[katapotato55]

if i may add onto this: all wild animals are dangerous to be around due to diseases. A deer can be just as dangerous as a pigeon if not more because of tics and other googlies they picked up in nature. Judging an animal on that alone is just... dumb. No animal is inherently dangerous to be around in terms of disease, like humans, it depends on what they were exposed to and their environment. You don't mess with wildlife because the animal itself is dangerous, but the fact you don't know where that animal has been in. this is not the animals fault. Second: as an owner of a rescue African grey parrot, i agree. Parrots should have never become pets. my poor bird came from an abusive household where he was beat and left in a cage for days on end. when i got him, his chest was blood red because the poor thing was feather plucking. he takes a lot of time and energy to take care of, and people do not realize that these birds are not like what you see on YouTube. they are loud and can be moody and once they learn a word/sound they will NEVER stop saying it. ever. They require constant mental stimulation and their diets are VERY DELICATE to the point that improperly feeding them could kill them easily. I have had him for nearly 17 years now, and he still struggles with mental health issues. If I had my way he would be in the wild, not living in my house, but sadly I can't EVER release him into the wild or he will die due to his circumstances. at least pigeons were domesticated, but parrots are literally wild animals we poached and bred for entertainment. Most parrots are abused because people treat parrots like they treat a pet goldfish you would win at a carnival (which is equally is bad imo) DO NOT BUY A BIRD FROM A PET STORE OR A BREEDER. Please just go to your local shelter and volunteer as an assist. I don't even recommend adopting because it takes a lot of commitment and patience to LIVE with them let alone take care of them. TLDR: disease comes from all wild animals not just rats and pigeons, and Parrots are one of the most abused creatures in the pet industry and you should never buy one.

Don’t hate me but I really believe the world would be a better place if pigeons were the ubiquitous avian pet instead of parrots 👀

[geeselighting]

Cayenne, chia and red palm oil pancakes for a certain parrot princess~

[lovemesomesurveys]

THIS OR THAT! CEREALS! Froot Loops or Cinnamon Toast Crunch Lucky Charms or Frosted Mini Wheats Cheerios or Chex Honey Bunches Oats or Honey Nut Cheerios Rice Chex or Raisin Brand Honey Smacks or Reese's Puffs Rice Krispies or Great Grains French Toast Crunch or Cap'n Crunch Oatmeal Crisp or Cookie Crisp Kix or Eggo Cinnamon Toast Special K or Corn Flakes Frosted Mini Wheats (Strawberry Delight) or Apple Jacks Cocoa Krispies or Frosted Flakes Oreo O's or Corn Pops Honeycomb or Fruity Fruits Croque Graham Dore or Croque Canelle Nesquick or Sugar-Crisp Trix or Life Smorz or Fruity Pebbles Cocoa Pebbles or Cocoa Puffs All Bran or Weet-Bix Nestle Milo or Coco Pops Rice Bubbles or Crunchy Nut Nutri-Grain or Sultana Bran Cheerios or Frosties

DISNEY MOVIES! Snow White and The Seven Dwarf's or Pinocchio Dumbo or Bambi Cinderella or Alice In Wonderland Peter Pan or Sleeping Beauty Lady and The Tramp or The Sword In The Stone One Hundred and One Dalmatians or Robin Hood The Jungle Book or The Aristocats The Many Adventures of Winnie The Pooh or The Rescuers The Fox and The Hound or The Black Couldron The Great Mouse Detective or Oliver & Company The Little Mermaid or Ducktales: Treasure of the Lost Lamp Beauty and The Beast or A Goofy Movie Aladdin or Return To Never Land Pocahontas or Mulan The Lion King or Coco Monsters Inc. or The Emperors New Groove Toy Story or Toy Story 2 A Bug's Life or Zootopia Cars or Cars 3 Tarzan or Doug's First Movie The Tigger Movie or Treasure Planet Lilo and Stitch or Brave Atlantis: The Lost Empire or Teacher's Pet The Jungle Book 2 or Bolt Piglet's Big Movie or Planes Brother Bear or Home On The Range Finding Nemo or Finding Dory The Incredibles or The Wild Pooh's Heffalump Movie or Meet The Robinsons The Nightmare Before Christmas or Inside Out Frozen or Frozen 2 The Princess and The Frog or Big Hero 6 Up or Tangled Frankenweenie or Wreck It Ralph Monsters University or Moana The Good Dinosaur or Valiant Wall-E or Ratatouille Fantasia or Mary Poppins Fantasia 2000 or The Rescuer's Down Under Toy Story 3 or Hercules Luca or The Jungle Cruise Cruella or Cinderella 2 Winnie The Pooh or The Hunchback Of Notre Dame The Lion King ll or Tinkerbell  James and The Giant Peach or Prince Charming

NICKELODEON SHOWS!

Angry Beavers or Catdog Hey Arnold or Jimmy Neutron Ren and Stimpy or Rocko's Modern Life Spongebob Square Pants or Avatar The Last Airbender Fairly Odd Parents or As Told By Ginger Rugrats or Aahh Real Monsters Clarissa Explains It All or The Amanda Show H2O or I-Carly Kenan and Kel or Drake and Josh Rugrats All Grown Up or The Wild Thornberrys Ned's Declassified School Survival Guide or The Backyardigans Zoey 101 or Danny Phantom Blues Clues or Big Time Rush Franklin or The Penguins of Madagascar My Life as a Teenage Robot or All That Invader Zim or Are You Afraid Of The Dark The Naked Brothers Band or Rocket Power Dora The Explorer or Go Diego, Go! TV SERIES/SHOWS The Walking Dead or Lucifer Riverdale or Supergirl American Horror Story or Greys Anatomy American Horror Stories or Supernatural Home and Away or Gilmore Girls Two and A Half Men or Nine Perfect Strangers The Big Bang Theory or Young Sheldon Friends or The Real Housewives of New York City Good Girls or The White Lotus Trinkets or Dead To Me Sex and The City or The Carrie Diaries The Hills or The City The Good Place or Awkward Revenge or Workin' Moms The 100 or I-Zombie Santa Clarita Diet or Happy Endings Girls or Love Life Younger or Dollface Two Broke Girls or New Girl Fear The Walking Dead or Top Gear Looking or A Teacher Bob's Burgers or Family Guy American Dad or King Of The Hill The Simpsons or Futurama Outer Banks or Sex Life NEVERTHELESS or A-Typical The News or Late Night Talk Shows Never Have I Ever or Ginny and Georgia Superstore or Suits 13 Reasons Why or Shameless The Inbetweeners or Friday Night Dinner My Mad Fat Diary or White Gold Outlander or Too Hot To Handle ANIMALS! Lion or Leopard Tiger or Buffalo Antelope or Zebra Ostrich or Emu Giraffe or Cheetah African Wild Dog or Hyena White Rhino or Black Rhino Elephant or Hippopotamus Butterfly or Stick Insect Cat or Dog Bunny or Guineapig Chicken or Duck Goat or Lamb Lyrebird or Pigeon Macaw or Toucan Horse or Donkey Turkey or Rooster Kookaburra or Sulphur Crested Cockatoo Scorpion or Cobra Water Dragon or Tortoise African Grey Parrot or Amazon Parrot Meerkat or Tapir Chimpanzee or Gorilla Lorikeet or Galah Tasmian Devils or Dingoes Sealion or Stingray Alpaca or Deer Little Penguin or King Penguin Quokka or Wallaby Echidna or Mandrill Baboon or Peacock Pelican or Barn Owl Bilby or Sloth Black Bear or Polar Bear Dolphin or Humpback Whale Starfish or Clown Fish Shark or Orca COLOURS! Pink or Blue Green or Yellow Brown or Black White or Grey Green or Purple Orange or Blue Pink or Purple Black or Red Yellow or Red Orange or Pink White or Purple Grey or Blue Blue or Purple Pink or White GAMES! Donkey Kong or Super Mario Yoshi's Island or Mario Party Mario Kart or Super Smash Bros Pokemon Let's Go Eevee or Pokemon Let's Go Pikachu The Legend of Zelda or Skyrim Minecraft or Fortnite Crash Bandicoot or Croc Spyro or PacMan Tetris or Space Invaders Grand Theft Auto or Street Fighter ll Animal Crossing or Overcooked Cooking Mama or Stardew Valley Just Dance or Harvest Moon Ring Fit or Snipper Clips

[tiktokparrot]

The Challenges Wild African Grey Parrots Face!

Discover the hidden struggles of Wild African Grey Parrots as they face habitat loss, poaching, and survival challenges. Learn about their resilience in the wild!

[periwinkleparrots]

Bird of the Week- African Grey

Lifespan: Around 40- 60 years

Latin name: Psittacus erithacus

Diet: Seeds, nuts, berries and vegetation; they particuarly like fruit from the African Oil Palm.

Personality: Their behaviour in the wild is not well-documented, as they are secretive birds (perhaps due to being prey animals, preyed upon by a number of raptors. However, they are very social, and rely on a flock-type structure. In captivity, they tend to be good talkers, and are highly intelligent. Due to their complex needs, they can be prone to feather plucking, amd need plenty stimulation to prevent this. Unlike some other parrots, greys are not 'cuddly', and will usualy only tolerate head-scratching.

Native to: Also known as the Congo Parrot, they are native to equatorial Africa.

Habitat: Greys favour dense forest, but are also found at forest edges, and in more open savanna forests.

Conservation status: Endangered, numbers decreasing. This is largely due to deforestation and the pet trade.

Fun facts: Some African Greys are said to live in Florida- however, these are escaped pets, and no evidence of breeding has yet been discovered. One of the most famous African Grey Parrots was Alex, who could identify, request, refuse and categorise around 100 items.

[a-dinosaur-a-day]

Gallus

Etymology: Rooster

First Described By: Brisson, 1760

Classification: Dinosauromorpha, Dinosauriformes, Dracohors, Dinosauria, Saurischia, Eusaurischia, Theropoda, Neotheropoda, Averostra, Tetanurae, Orionides, Avetheropoda, Coelurosauria, Tyrannoraptora, Maniraptoromorpha, Maniraptoriformes, Maniraptora, Pennaraptora, Paraves, Eumaniraptora, Averaptora, Avialae, Euavialae, Avebrevicauda, Pygostaylia, Ornithothoraces, Euornithes, Ornithuromorpha, Ornithurae, Neornithes, Neognathae, Galloanserae, Pangalliformes, Galliformes, Phasiani, Phasianoidea, Phasianidae, Pavoninae, Gallini

Referred Species: G. aesculapii, G. moldovicus, G. beremendensis, G. tamanensis, G. kudarensis, G. europaeus, G. imereticus, G. meschtscheriensis, G. georgicus, G. varius (Green Junglefowl), G. sonneratii (Grey Junglefowl), G. lafayettii (Sri Lankan Junglefowl), G. gallus (Red Junglefowl and Domesticated Chicken)

Status: Extinct - Extant, Least Concern

Time and Place: Since about 6 million years ago, in the Messinian of the Miocene through today 

In the past, Junglefowl were found throughout Eurasia, especially across Europe. After the last glacial maximum, they were restricted to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Eurasia, as well as many Pacific islands. Of course, today, domestic chickens are found all over the world. This map below shows the current range of wild Junglefowl in dark blue, and extinct Junglefowl in light blue; please note that domesticated and feral chickens are found everywhere. 

Physical Description: Junglefowl are highly ornamented, beautiful, bulky birds, with the males being decorated in brilliantly iridescent feathers all over their bodies. The females tend to be more dull in color, in order to blend in with the environment; that being said, they can also have beautiful and distinct patches of brighter feathers in certain strategic places, such as the tail. The males also have combs on the tops of their heads, made out of skin and muscle, rather than feathers; they also tend to have bare red faces, and wattles underneath their chins also made of skin and muscle. Their tails tend to have long, curved ribbon feathers, colored with iridescence and usually in a blueish-greenish shade. The tails of the females are shorter and less distinctive. These birds are squat, with short legs and bulky bodies. They also have small heads and short, pointed beaks. In general, junglefowl males can range between 65 and 80 centimeters long; the females tend to be significantly smaller, ranging between 35 and 46 centimeters long. 

Sri Lankan Junglefowl by Schnobby, CC BY-SA 3.0 

Diet: Junglefowl are omnivorous birds, feeding on a wide variety of food such as such as insects, worms, leaves, berries, seeds, fruit, bamboo, grasses, tubers, and even small reptiles. 

Grey Junglefowl by Yathin S. Krishnappa, CC BY-SA 3.0 

Behavior: Junglefowl tend to forage in small groups, but they will also scratch around the ground for food alone, using their feet to release food that might be trapped under the most shallow layer of ground or leaf litter. They peck, very distinctly, at the ground - bobbing their bodies back and forth as they move around, pecking in short spurts to gather the food they look for. They are very opportunistic feeders, switching back and forth between different food sources based on what is more available in a given season. They can even associate, happily, with other birds and even mammals of all things, using the environmental disturbance they cause in order to find food. 

Green Junglefowl by Francesco Veronesi, CC BY-SA 2.0 

Junglefowl make some of the most distinctive calls of any bird, though of course, each language seems to have its own onomatopoeia to describe it. They make very distinctive clucks, cackling, and even cooing sounds depending on the situation. Males do make “cock-a-doodle-do” calls, though they can vary in tone and loudness, as well as the syllables involved, from species to species. These calls are actually advertising calls, made by the males, in order to attract females! The females tend to be quieter than the males, though domesticated female chickens are not quiet animals by a longshot. Junglefowl do not migrate, and tend to stay limited within their preferred habitats (though, of course, domesticated chickens have been bred to deal with a wider variety of climate better than their wild relatives.) 

Red Junglefowl by Harvinder Chandigarh, CC By-SA 4.0 

Junglefowl can breed throughout the year (it’s why they were domesticated), though some populations tend to favor the dry season over the wet season (primarily due to less danger with the daily weather - these guys do hail from the monsoon lands!) As a general rule, junglefowl are polygamous - males will mate with a variety of females throughout the year, with the females doing the bulk of the work in nest construction and child care (which makes sense, since they blend in so well with the environment). Some species - such as the Grey Junglefowl - do show monogamous behavior from time to time, with males sticking with one female for long periods of time. In a classic case of sexual selection, females tend to prefer males with more brilliant combs (rather than focusing on plumage color, though this could be different in non-domesticated species).  The female will lay between 2 and 6 eggs (some species laying more than others) in a depression amongst dense vegetation; the female will incubate the eggs for three weeks before the chicks hatch. The chicks are extremely fluffy and cute when hatching, usually covered in soft brown feathers (though domesticated ones are more yellowish). The chicks are able to fly after one week, and males will become sexually mature sometime between 5 and 8 months. They are not the strongest fliers, usually preferring short bursts of activity rather than sustained flight. 

Domesticated Chicken Chicks by Uberprutser, CC BY-SA 3.0 

Extremely social birds, chickens have a very noticeable pecking order - with individual chickens dominating over others in order to have priority for food and nesting location. This pecking order is disrupted when individuals are removed from a flock; adding new chickens also causes fighting and injury until a new pecking order is established. This family structure was exploited by early humans, in order to become the “top chicken” and domesticate the species. Interestingly enough, chickens do gang up on inexperienced predators - foxes have even been killed in such encounters! Despite stereotypes to the contrary, chickens are extremely intelligent animals - studies have shown they have higher intellectual capabilities than human toddlers - they are self aware, are able to count, and do trick one another into actions (aka, they can lie and manipulate other chickens). What’s more, despite their pecking order fights, they are very affectionate and empathetic birds - prone to cuddling with other flock members, and checking in to make sure the flock is alright. They show very rapid learning ability, and are able to grasp basic number theory only after a few weeks from hatching. In addition to being logical with numbers, they can reason out many other things - including forming teams to play kickball! Bird-brain, indeed! 

Red and Green Junglefowl by Francesco Veronesi, CC BY-SA 2.0 

Ecosystem: Junglefowl primarily live in dense, humid rainforest and wet woodland. They can also be found in savanna, scrub habitat, coastal scrub, mountain forest, and also in human plantations and farmland (as wild species spreading into human-created habitat). They do prefer lower elevations to higher ones, as a general rule. They are fed upon by a wide variety of creatures - larger birds, predatory mammals, and large lizards and crocodilians. Of course, the biggest predator of junglefowl is probably People! Just, statistically speaking. 

Sri Lankan Junglefowl by Steve Garvie, CC BY-SA 2.0 

Other: Junglefowl are, thankfully, not threatened with extinction. In fact, they are extremely common birds throughout their range. Domesticated chickens even regularly go feral (ie, return to wild living despite being descended from fully domesticated populations), spreading into places far from their original range such as Latin America, Hawai’i, and Africa. There are many extinct species of Junglefowl; they used to have a much wider range into Europe, but went extinct during the last Glacial Maximum, when things got too cold for them everywhere but Southeastern Asia. They then thrived in those jungle habitats, before being domesticated by people during the Holocene. 

Domesticated Chicken by Berit, CC BY 2.0 

Chickens were domesticated from the Red Junglefowl sometime around 5,000 years ago in Southeastern Asia. It was probably domesticated multiple times - with hybridization occurring afterwards. It spread throughout the world, reaching Greece by the fifth century BCE, though they were in Egypt potentially one thousand years earlier (or even more!!!). They were domesticated due to their frequent laying schedule - made more so by selective breeding, of course - and easily exploitable family structure. They were domesticated to breed even more frequently, leading to an abundance of adult animals - and the females even lay unfertilized eggs, giving us another source of delicious food. They also have been bred to come in many sizes, shapes, and brilliant colors of plumage. Because of their high empathetic capacity, chickens are amazingly good pets - plus, they’re domesticated, which gives them a leg up over parrots. Docile breeds, such as silkies, are great pets for children, including children with disabilities. Chickens are so fundamental to human society, that aphorisms often feature them - and they serve as symbols on heraldry, their feathers are featured in clothing, and it’s hard to escape notice of chickens wherever we go in the world today. 

Chickens are the most common bird in the entire world, being bred throughout the world and able to live in harsher climates than their original range (due to domestication and specially designed coops); there are probably over 50 billion members of the genus Gallus present on the planet today. They are so common that they are a model organism - in order to understand birds as a whole, scientists do extensive studies on chickens in order to understand avian evolution. The genes and development of chickens are probably better understood than any other living kind of dinosaur. This is of special interest to members of this blog, as chicken genes have been manipulated to give them teeth (though without enamel) and longer tails - much like their non-avian dinosaur ancestors. One study even raised chickens to walk around with plungers stuck to their butts like a bony tail - and showcased how the chickens changed their head-bobbing and walking to match the redistributed weight, which makes a decent hypothesis for how non-avian dinosaurs like Velociraptor and Tyrannosaurus were able to walk (see above)! 

By Scott Reid 

Species Differences: Among the living species, there are distinct differences in the coloration of the males. While the females all tend to be brown and black spotted, with some patches of red on the tails and wings in some species, the males have brilliantly different colors all over. Red Junglefowl - the wild kind - are a mid sized species, and are named accordingly for their coloration. The males tend to have reddish orange heads, with green wings and bellies; their backs and back of their wings are alls reddish, though they have brilliantly green tails. Sri Lankan Junglefowl are also reddish, but instead of having green undersides to their wings and green tails, they have blueish-grey feathers in those locations. The Sri Lankan Junglefowl is also one of the smallest living species. The Grey Junglefowl also has greyish-blue tail and wing feathers, except it has a firey orange underbelly and wing top. It has grey feathers all over its body, and orange and white and black speckles on its neck. It is the largest known species. Finally, the smallest species, the Green Junglefowl, is much more than green - it is almost a rainbow of colored feathers! Its tail is green, as is its neck; but the rump tends to be yellow, the top of the wing red, and the wattle and comb aren’t red - but purple, red, yellow, and even blue! Extinct species tend to blur the line between junglefowl and their close relatives such as Peafowl (see the oldest known species, G. aesculapii, above); but in many ways, they differ mainly by living in Europe and Western Asia, rather than Southeast Asia and India.

~ By Meig Dickson

Sources Under the Cut 

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Ali, S.; Ripley, S. D. Handbook of the birds of India and Pakistan. 2 (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 106–109.

Allen, J.A. (1910). "Collation of Brisson's genera of birds with those of Linnaeus". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 28: 317–335.

Arshad MI; M Zakaria; AS Sajap; A Ismail (2000), "Food and feeding habits of Red Junglefowl", Pakistan J. Bio. Sci., 3 (6): 1024–1026.

Berhardt, Clyde E. B. (1986). I Remember: Eighty Years of Black Entertainment, Big Bands. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 153.  

Brinkley, Edward S., and Jane Beatson. "Fascinating Feathers ." Birds. Pleasantville, N.Y.: Reader's Digest Children's Books, 2000. 15.

Brisbin, I. L. Jr. (1969), "Behavioral differentiation of wildness in two strains of Red Junglefowl (abstract)", Am. Zool., 9: 1072

Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760). Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés (in French and Latin). Volume 1. Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche.

Carter, Howard (April 1923). "An Ostracon Depicting a Red Jungle-Fowl (The Earliest Known Drawing of the Domestic Cock)". The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology. 9 (1/2): 1–4.

Cheng, Kimberly M. and Burns, Jeffrey T. (1988). "Dominance relationship and mating behavior of domestic cocks--a model to study mate-guarding and sperm competition in birds" (PDF). The Condor. 90 (3): 697–704.

Chickens team up to 'peck fox to death'". The Independent. March 13, 2019. Archived from the original on March 15, 2019. Retrieved March 13, 2019.

Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2017. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: v2017

Collias, N. E. (1987), "The vocal repertoire of the red junglefowl: A spectrographic classification and the code of communication", The Condor, 89 (3): 510–524.

Condon, T. P., Morphological and Behavioral Characteristics of Genetically Pure Indian Red Junglefowl, Gallus gallus murghi, archived from the original on 29 June 2007.

Dohner, Janet Vorwald (January 1, 2001). The Encyclopedia of Historic and Endangered Livestock and Poultry Breeds. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0300138139.  

Eriksson, J.; et al. (2008). "Identification of the yellow skin gene reveals a hybrid origin of the domestic chicken". PLoS Genetics. 4 (2). E1000010.

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Evans, C. S.; Macedonia, J. M.; Marler, P. (1993), "Effects of apparent size and speed on the response of chickens, Gallus gallus, to computer-generated simulations of aerial predators", Animal Behaviour, 46 (1): 1–11.

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Fumihito, A; Miyake, T; Sumi, S; Takada, M; Ohno, S; Kondo, N (December 20, 1994), "One subspecies of the red junglefowl (Gallus gallus gallus) suffices as the matriarchic ancestor of all domestic breeds", PNAS, 91 (26): 12505–12509.

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Gaudry, A. 1862. Note sur les débris d'oiseaux et de reptiles trouvés a Pikermi (Grece), suivie de quelques remarques de paléontologie générale. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 19:629-640

Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2017). "Pheasants, partridges & francolins". World Bird List Version 7.3. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 22 November 2017.

Green-Armytage, Stephen (October 2000). Extraordinary Chickens. Harry N. Abrams.

Grouw, Hein van, Dekkers, Wim & Rookmaaker, Kees (2017). On Temminck's tailless Ceylon Junglefowl, and how Darwin denied their existence. Bulletin of the British Ornithologists' Club (London), 137 (4), 261-271.

Jobling, J. A. 2010. The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names. Christopher Helm Publishing, A&C Black Publishers Ltd, London.

Lawler, A. (2014). Why Did the Chicken Cross the World?: The Epic Saga of the Bird that Powers Civilization. Atria Books.

Lehr Brisbin Jr., I., Concerns for the genetic integrity and conservation status of the red junglefowl, Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802 (with permission from SPPA Bulletin, 1997, 2(3):1-2): FeatherSite.

Linnaeus, Carl (1748). Systema Naturae sistens regna tria naturae, in classes et ordines, genera et species redacta tabulisque aeneis illustrata (in Latin) (6th ed.). Stockholmiae (Stockholm): Godofr, Kiesewetteri. pp. 16, 28.

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Madge, S.; Philip J. K. McGowan; Guy M. Kirwan (2002). Pheasants, Partidges and Grouse: A Guide to the Pheasants, Partridges, Quails, Grouse, Guineafowl, Buttonquails and Sandgrouse of the World. A&C Black.  

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Marino, L. 2017. Thinking chickens: a review of cognition, emotion, and behavior in the domestic chicken. Animal Cognition, doi: 10.1007/s10071-016-1064-4.

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Island Weirdness #25 -- The Broad-Billed Parrot

The dodo wasn’t the only unique bird to evolve on Mauritius. While about eight other endemic bird species still survive today, there were at least twice that many before the arrival of humans in the late 1500s -- including the broad-billed parrot Lophopsittacus mauritianus.

Also referred to as the “Indian raven” in historical accounts, it was a fairly large bird measuring between 45 and 65cm in length (1′6″-2′1″). Unusually for a parrot it had a high degree of sexual dimorphism, with males being significantly bigger than females.

Many images depict it as entirely black or blue-grey, but this seems to be based on a misinterpretation. More recent translations of old Dutch descriptions suggest it was actually much more colorful, with a red beak, blue head, and reddish body.

It had a proportionally big head and a flattened skull, and seems to have had a highly specialized diet, using its its large strong beak to crack open hard seeds and nuts like modern hyacinth macaws.

It was near-flightless, capable of taking to the air only with difficulty, and was said to be “bad-tempered”. Attempts to keep individuals in captivity failed, the birds refusing to eat, and while the wild population had apparently learned to be wary of humans by the late 1660s by that point it was already too late. Much like the dodos they lived alongside, a combination of deforestation, hunting, and predation by invasive mammal species sent them into extinction by the 1680s.

[captainswaglord500]

Domeheads

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Aves

Order: Charadriiformes

Family: Pachycephalornithidae

Genus: various

Species: various

Ancestral species: Stercorarius maccormicki (South polar skua)

Time period: early Lithocene to ? (65 million years to ? million years in the future we have no idea how far into the future this genera survives because we have only gone to a maximum of 140 million years in the future]).

Information: a rather bizarre group of avians, the Pachycephalornithids, also called Domeheads based on the characteristic bony domes found in some species, are a family of flightless birds found all across the globe in the future. They are predominantly herbivorous, though not exclusively so with the exception of adult Tengus (P. japonicus), as many of them supplement their diet with small animals. They range greatly in size, with the smallest species, the Basan (P. gracilis) being around the size of a chicken, all the way to the horse-sized Tengu. 

Hippobird (#1)

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Aves

Order: Charadriiformes

Family: Pachycephalornithidae

Genus: Allocephalus

Species: A. tropicalis (”tropical different head”)

Ancestral species: Stercorarius maccormicki (South polar skua)

Time period: mid Lithocene to early Nyctocene (75 million years to 85 million years in the future).

Information: at only around the size of a turkey, the Hippobird doesn’t quite live up to its namesake’s massive bulk. However, it does live near large bodies of water across Antarctica, where it feeds on lakeside plants as well as small animals. Its beak is bright-red in color while the crest-like dome is a whitish-grey. Its feathers are black with white spots on its head, tail, and wing feathers, and the scales on its leg are grey. The saggy skin on its throat is a bright-red throatsac, which inflates to produce a loud, bellowing call that can be heard over long distances.

P. japonicus Foot (#2)

Our team was in the high arctic when they came across a mummified Tengu specimen, perfectly preserved in the permafrost ground of the area. We ran tests on the specimen and deduced that, at the time of discovery, the specimen had died roughly 2,000 years prior to when discovered it (we found this specimen in our early Solocene expedition) and was roughly 15 years old, making it a young adult at the time of its death. We cut parts of the mummified corpse up for individual study, with one such part being the feet. This foot was one such piece. As apparent in this forensic sketch, it bears a remarkable resemblance to that of a cassowary.

Firegrouse (#3)

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Aves

Order: Charadriiformes

Family: Pachycephalornithidae

Genus: Macrolophus

Species: M. australis (”southern large crest”)

Ancestral species: Stercorarius maccormicki (South polar skua)

Time period: late Lithocene to early Nyctocene (83 million years to 94 million years in the future).

Information: another inhabitant of Antarctica, the Firegrouse is roughly the size of a small dog. It feeds primarily through foraging while also eating small animals like lizards or bugs that it comes across. It lives primarily in the undergrowth of the forests, where it can avoid being spotted by larger predators. Its feathers are a mottled green-and-brown to blend in with its surroundings while the scales on its legs are grey and its beak is a dull yellow. Its crest is its most-notable feature, given that, unlike many other Domeheads, it is elongated, resembling that of a hadrosaur.

Burrowing Helmethead (#4)

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Aves

Order: Charadriiformes

Family: Pachycephalornithidae

Genus: Pachycephalornis 

Species: P. megapus (”large-footed thick-headed bird”)

Ancestral species: Stercorarius maccormicki (South polar skua)

Time period: late Nyctocene to early Solocene (100 million years to 120 million years in the future).

Information: around the size of a red-tailed fox, the Burrowing Helmethead makes its home across much of southern Thalassia, living primarily in the tropics. As suggested by its name, Burrowing Helmetheads create small dens in the ground for which they live in. Its large, clawed feet help aid it in digging. It feeds on primarily fruit. Despite the large dome on their head being made of solid bone, it is surprisingly lightweight, meaning that the Burrowing Helmethead’s weight distribution isn’t offset by its large head. Their call is a deep booming sound, that it is just on the edge of what humans can and cannot hear. Their feathers are white on the head, turning a light green on the neck, and a dark green on the body. Its dome and beak is yellow while their throat sac is blue. The feathers on its tail and head are red with black spots while the tips of its wing feathers are black. The scales on its legs are grey.

Fenghuang (#5)

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Aves

Order: Charadriiformes

Family: Pachycephalornithidae

Genus: Pachycephalornis

Species: P. sinensis (”Chinese thick-headed bird”)

Ancestral species: Stercorarius maccormicki (South polar skua)

Time period: late Nyctocene to early Solocene (98 million years to 110 million years in the future).

Information: a wolf-sized sister species to the Tengu and the Burrowing Helmethead, the Fenghuang is named after a mythical bird in Chinese folklore. Found mainly in central and eastern Thalassia, the Fenghuang is a skittish omnivore, feeding primarily on shrubs and small animals. It is most-remarkable for its ornate coloration, having fiery-red wing and tail feathers with yellow tips, as well as red feathers on its head, and light blue feathers on its body. Its scales also bear a grey coloration, and its throatsac is blue in color. Despite having closer physical similarities with the Tengu, it clusters much closer genetically to the Burrowing Helmethead. 

P. japonicus Skull (#6)

Coming from the same mummified specimen as the foot, this skull provides insight into the unique morphology of the Tengu. All of the bone in its head is reinforced, especially around the dome area, which allows it to deal with head-on collisions with the heads of other Tengus. The large orbits contain its remarkably-large eyes, which allow it to see in the dark. Though not depicted here, it possesses a large resonance chamber in its nose, allow it to produce low-pitched grunts and bellows while also allowing it to produce shrill, high-pitched screeches. Truly, the skull alone gives more clues into the animal’s nature than it might meet the eye at first glance...

P. japonicus Chick (#7)

For a while, we had never seen a Tengu chick in the wild, only ever the adults. Until recently, that is. While we were conducting an expedition in eastern Thalassia, we came across a group of Fenghuangs. With them was a bizarre-looking Domehead we’d never seen before, though we knew for a fact that it was unrelated to the Fenghuangs. We took pictures and made sketches of the animal before returning back to base with a feather sample that had fallen off of it. Upon looking back at the footage, we noted the similar morphological characteristics to that of the Tengu, and when we tested the DNA found in the feathers, our suspicions were confirmed: what we had filmed that day was a baby Tengu. This gave us a possible insight into how they raise their young. We already knew that Tengus had nesting grounds, suggesting that many of them raised their own young, though this new specimen would also suggest to us that some Tengus are, in fact, brood parasites, laying their eggs in the nests of other Pachycephalornithids and relying on the parents of that nest to raise their young. We also took note of how the young Tengu was spotted chasing and eating small lizards, a trait that is unknown in adults. This would suggest that baby Tengus are omnivores but transition into herbivores as they sexually mature.

Reedrunner (#8)

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Aves

Order: Charadriiformes

Family: Pachycephalornithidae

Genus: Avicephale

Species: A. minimus (”smallest bird head”)

Ancestral species: Stercorarius maccormicki (South polar skua)

Time period: late Nyctocene to early Solocene (97 million years to 112 million years in the future).

Information: a coyote-sized Domehead, the Reedrunner, as its name would suggest, lives primarily among the shorelines of lakes and rivers in Occidensia, feeding primarily on the abundant reeds and horsetails and found all across the region while also supplementing its diet with small animals. It is a somewhat-ornery animal, with a disproportionate amount of aggression for its size, not too dissimilar to that of small dogs (yes, I just compared a bird to a small dog). Its feathers are green to allow it to blend in with its surroundings, and on its wing, head, and tail feathers, the tips are black. The scales on its legs are grey and its beak and dome are a light brown color. Its throatsac is yellow, and it inflates this as a part of its mating ritual. Assessment: pretty animal, avoid getting too close because it will ram you, though this usually leaves little more than a bruise.

Basan (#9)

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Aves

Order: Charadriiformes

Family: Pachycephalornithidae

Genus: Psittacodromeus

Species: P. gracilis (”graceful parrot runner”)

Ancestral species: Stercorarius maccormicki (South polar skua)

Time period: early to mid Lithocene (65 million years to 75 million years in the future).

Information: this is earliest-known Domehead. Found within the forests of Antarctica, it is the size of a chicken, making it also the smallest Domehead. The exact evolutionary path that led to Pachycephalornithids evolving is unknown, though it’s likely that a group of south polar skuas evolved to live on the Antarctic landmass, eventually giving up flight. As time went on and the continent pushed further north, the ice sheets were replaced by massive forests, which allowed them to diversify their dietary requirements. At some point, they ditched their carnivorous ancestors’ diet and became omnivores. The Basan is named after a bird in Japanese folklore. Its most-notable feature is its short, stubby head. Its beak and dome are yellow while it feathers are green, with the wing, head, and tail feathers having black tips, and it has grey scales on its legs. Its throatsac is red in color.

P. japonicus Feather (#10)

Retrieved from the same mummified corpse as the skull and foot previously mentioned, this feather comes from its tail. The tip is black in coloration, and interestingly, the feather is hydrophobic, suggesting that Domeheads may have, very-recently, evolved from semiaquatic birds that transitioned back onto land. If this is true, then that means that south polar skuas, at some point, became flightless, evolved to fill a similar niche to penguins, and eventually move back onto land in the form of flightless birds.

Domeheaded Molebird (#11)

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Aves

Order: Charadriiformes

Family: Pachycephalornithidae

Genus: Pachycephalornis

Species: P. tylos (”swollen thick-headed bird”)

Ancestral species: Stercorarius maccormicki (South polar skua)

Time period: late Nyctocene to early Solocene (99 million years to 113 million years in the future).

Information: comparable in size to a white-tailed deer, the Domeheaded Molebird is the 2nd-largest known species of Domehead. Found across much of Occidensia, it is also the only species that feeds more on small animals than it does plants. Despite its large size, it is considerably less-aggressive than other species, instead preferring to flee at the first sign of danger rather than confronting it. Its feathers are considerably-duller than other Domeheads, being almost completely brown, with the wing, head, and tail feathers having black tips, the scales on its legs being black, and its dome and beak also being black.

Boreal Molebird (#12)

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Aves

Order: Charadriiformes

Family: Pachycephalornithidae

Genus: Macrolophus

Species: M. borealis (”southern large crest”)

Ancestral species: Stercorarius maccormicki (South polar skua)

Time period: late Lithocene to late Nytocene (80 million years to 97 million years in the future).

Information: around the size of a badger, the Boreal Molebird is a much-smaller relative of the Firegrouse. It also lives further north, being found across much of the northern hemisphere. It feeds primarily on shrubs, occasionally supplementing its diet with carrion. Its feathers are almost completely white, except for its wing, head, and tail feathers, which have black tips and, in the case of its tail feathers, a row of red spots running down the center. The scales on its feet are grey and its beak and dome are black.