#grand democratic alliance

[zvaigzdelasas]

[Machine Translation]

LIVE. Future Prime Minister: Macron rules out NFP government option and will resume consultations on Tuesday

Almost two months after the second round of the legislative elections, Emmanuel Macron continues this Monday to receive party leaders at the Élysée Palace, as well as the presidents of the Senate and the National Assembly. With a question in the background: with whom to govern?[...]

[19:38]: Macron rules out NFP government option in name of 'institutional stability' "At the end of the consultations, the President of the Republic noted that a government based solely on the program and parties proposed by the alliance with the largest number of MPs, the New Popular Front, would be immediately censored by all the other groups represented in the National Assembly," the Élysée Palace said in a statement. "Such a government would therefore immediately have a majority of more than 350 MPs against it, effectively preventing it from acting. Given the views of the political leaders consulted, the institutional stability of our country therefore requires that this option not be retained," it added.[...]

[19:59]: "This is an anti-democratic coup that is completely unacceptable," reacts Manuel Bompard.

On BFM TV, the coordinator of France Insoumise, a member of the NFP, castigates Emmanuel Macron's statements refusing a left-wing coalition government. "It's a completely unacceptable anti-democratic coup," judges Manuel Bompard, considering that Emmanuel Macron's argument "makes no sense." "If there is another possible coalition, then the President of the Republic must tell us which one. The President of the Republic is ignoring the results of the legislative elections and acting as if there had not been a vote," continues the LFI elected official. "It is the NFP that must form the country's next government," he insists.[...]

[20:16]: Roussel calls for rallies for the NFP Dissatisfied with Emmanuel Macron's opposition to an NFP government, the communist leader called on BFMTV for "a large popular mobilization" and rallies, particularly in front of "the prefectures."

26 Aug 24

[hug-your-face]

Read the interview excerpt or listen to the whole podcast at the link, y'all. Some truth bombs:

In her book on totalitarianism, Arendt talks about the rise of an “unorganized mass” of “mostly furious individuals” with nothing in common except for their contempt for the present order.

She calls this “negative solidarity” and it’s the raw material of totalitarianism, because it’s a world without connection and friendship, where the only basis of collective action is some kind of awful combination of anger and desperation.

She noticed that it’s really easy to work with people’s anger and whip up a mob, and she has this great statement in the book about the alliance between the mob and the elite -- how the elite are quite good at spotting and using the hate that’s already there.

It is things like unemployment. It is things like not being able to keep your home. We’re not just talking about some kind of ennui here. This is raw, real stuff. It’s easy to raise a mob in these conditions. You’re starting with real anger. She says at one point that "Totalitarian politics is a verdict against the world in which people are forced to live." It’s a slap in the face. It’s a finger up against the real conditions of existence.

Totalitarianism works through cynicism. It’s crucial because it allows people to say, “They’re all the same, it’s all bullshit, isn’t it? It’s just politics, isn’t it?” What cynicism allows you to do is be gullible and disbelieving at the same time.

Arendt thought that before a totalitarian ideology could overwhelm reality, it had to first ruin people’s relationship with themselves and others by making them so skeptical and so cynical that they could no longer rely upon their own judgment. So there’s that part of it.

[As an antidote] she imagines thinking as much more than an activity. She imagines it as a way of being. The real gift of thinking isn’t all the great ideas and grand theories that intellectuals come up with. The gift of thinking is that as long as you’re doing it, you have the capacity to judge.

Thinking, for her, is radically democratic. A lot of the time, we all have the capacity to think. We walk around the street. We lose ourselves in our thoughts, and being lost in thought is a gift for Arendt. She says this isn’t time-wasting. This isn’t frivolous. This is what thinking is and we need to take it seriously. I’m not clicking on a bloody “like” or “dislike” or I’m not following another pattern. I am thinking for myself, which, when things are really bad, is all we have.

She argues that without the ability to think, there can not be any judgment. When she really saw that is when she looked at the Nazi officer Adolf Eichmann in Jerusalem in 1961 in the courtroom: a self-important man chattering away, talking self-importantly, not even realizing who he was facing — the relatives and survivors of people he had murdered — and he just spoke in cliches. The longer she listened to him, the more obvious it became that his inability to speak was totally connected with his inability to think, namely, to think from the standpoint of someone else.

[maklodes]

I feel like I barely have the right to get into “Star Wars would be so good if it were good” posting given that I haven’t actually watched VII-IX, but I keep thinking about the myriad plots and subplots that could follow VI, after the fireworks stop, all without slamming the reset button.

Like, as of Episode VI’s end, Emperor Palpatine, Darth Vader, and Grand Moff Tarkin are all dead, but much of the rest of the Imperial bureaucracy and military are still intact. Maybe there’s a legal chain of succession that establishes who’s next, but probably it’s pretty weak, because tyrants generally don’t like saying “you know who would benefit greatly if I were to ‘accidentally’ drink poisoned blue milk and die? That guy!” So there’s a likelihood of power struggles, different factions emerging among moffs and admirals. How would the Alliance respond to two moffs waging a brutal war against each other, extorting civilians to death for supplies, bombarding civilian population centers that are not logistically accessible enough for their side to extort but that they think the other side will, etc? Can the Alliance afford to intervene to help the innocents suffering in this conflict, or is it best to just let their enemies weaken themselves and clean up afterwards?

Meanwhile, some moffs and governors see the writing on the wall, and are approaching the Alliance and saying “Yes, I was a high official in the Empire, but I was one of the good ones, working within the system to make it as humane and decent as possible. Now I am preparing to join the New Republic, and preparing to hold free elections on my planet(s) (supervised, of course, by the erstwhile-Imperial bureaucracy under my control – who else is around that could competently manage such an affair?) Yes, there are a few incidents during my reign that can be classified as atrocities, but I can assure you that if anyone else in the empire had been in charge, they would have been more numerous and severe (anyone harsher than me would’ve been worse, and anyone gentler would’ve been force-choked to death by Darth Vader and replaced), so let’s just leave those in the past and work together toward a better future.” Can the Alliance accept such a defector on those terms? Can the Alliance afford not to?

At the same time, former members of the senate – dissolved at the beginning of IV – are saying “Alright! With that tyrannical emperor gone, we are ready to get back into the action and help rebuild the Republic,” while more radical members of the Alliance are like “no, FUCK those old senators. Those were the guys who elected Palpatine chancellor. Then they kept giving him more and more emergency powers. Then they voted to make him emperor. Then they stuck around as a rubber stamp Imperial Senate for like fifteen years legitimizing the Empire, before the emperor finally dissolved the senate. A few of them may be okay, but they are all on probationary status in the politics of the New Republic at best, and many of them should be charged with corruption/oath violation/etc and barred from politics and maybe incarcerated/executed.”

Some people might even question the whole idea of One Galaxy Government going forward. Sure, there are advantages to having a singular Republic/Empire coordinating things, but there are risks. Maybe local control – with the risk of the occasional local dictator, or local border war – is safer than putting all eggs into one basket? Coordinating the resources of a galaxy has proven useful in destructive massive scale projects like planet-killer battle stations. Is there a more productive use case for that much broad scale coordination? 

As more systems democratize and lift censorship and restrictions on holonet, you get paranoia and rumors going around that this or that office-seeking politician is the Next Palpatine. When a planet’s leading candidate for senator faces rumors of being a Dark Sider, the runner-up currently polling at 48% clears her throat and says “The threat of the Dark Side is too serious to be turned into a political issue, and unfounded rumors and partisan smears do nothing to help us re-establish our still-fragile democratic norms. At the same time, any credible allegations of Dark Side influence merit a thorough and independent investigation. After all, recent experience has shown just how destructive the Dark Side can be: whole inhabited planets got destroyed! Once we establish a transparent, impartial process to examine these claims, we can move beyond all this baseless speculation about my opponent (and the baseless speculation that the first anonymous rumors were traced to a holonet account belonging to my campaign’s chief of staff).” You could have HUAC / McCarthy hearings type shit.

You could have some genuine (aspiring) Dark Side guys – no one who knows the true Sith teachings, but maybe some force sensitives who see the force as a Will To Power thing. (The Jedi haven’t been abducting children who show force potential for decades, and the Sith had no room beyond two, so I guess force sensitives have mostly sorta been figuring out what they could of this stuff themselves for a few decades? Most of them are probably pretty weaksauce compared to trained Sith/Jedi like Yoda or Palpatine, but maybe they can influence weak minds and shit) You could have any combination of actual Dark Side influence and rumors: have some people correctly accuse real Dark Side guys, have Dark Side guys spreading false rumors that their innocent opponents are on the Dark Side, have two different candidates both being Dark force sensitives, spreading rumors about each other (or one spreading rumors, being a down and dirty political fighter, and the other refusing to stoop to that and going for the Stately Above the Fray vibe, but secretly being comparably ruthless), or (perhaps most common) rumors of Dark Side influence being spread in politics when no one involved is actually even Force sensitive let alone in touch with the Dark Side.

You could go a little deeper: some people in the aftermath of the Empire might think  that the Force – both the Dark and Light sides – has held the galaxy kind of kind of technical and moral cul-de-sac, accounting for the ways in which the whole setting combines backwardness and advancement:

Why is it that in spite of having overcome the light barrier many millennia ago and being able to build small planet-sized battle stations, they seem to have made negligible progress against senescence and death generally? Because the Force provides a frame in which you either embrace the Dark Side, in which case triumph over mortality is a personal achievement to be hoarded and lorded over your inferiors, or you adhere to the Light Side, in which case you reject the “unnatural abilities” of Dark immortality. Progress against mortality at a collective, civilizational level doesn’t make sense from either of those perspectives.

Why is it that in spite of apparently being fully sentient in many cases, droids are still treated as chattel property without rights? Why is it that they still seem to have widespread animal agriculture? Maybe because the Force doesn’t notice forms of sentience that have no or negligible midichlorian counts or force sensitivity or whatever. Obi-Wan could probably walk past a droid refurbishing facility where droids are getting reset to factory settings, or a slaughterhouse, and not feel any “disturbance in the force, voices crying out in terror and suddenly being silenced” etc, and when the Light Side is treated in some respects as the moral arbiter of the setting, and when a big part of the Light Side is “trust your feelings,” and when the “force feelings” don’t really apply to beasts or droids, they don't get a lot of consideration.

Why is it that the only visions of authority are somewhere on a spectrum from “centralized, despotic autocracy” (the Empire) to “decentralized, semi-feudal oligarchy” (the Republic, with a Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth-style weak senatorial authority, proliferation of local nobles like counts and princesses, etc, and, perhaps to an even further extent along that spectrum, the Confederacy of Independent Systems)? Maybe because it reflects  how the Force tends to structure itself: the Dark Side tends to concentrate power in the hands of a couple of megalomaniacs. The Light Side tends to distribute it across a broader order of Force-wielding elites, but still very rare as a fraction of the  population.

You might say that these ideas don’t really get to the essence of the core appeal of Star Wars, which is more like stuff like starfighter battles and lightsaber duels and such, but I’m not saying these themes would necessarily be debated in great detail to the exclusion of action and stuff. They just could be the reason for the lightsaber duels and starfighter battles and such. Consider: in Episode I, the pretext for a lot of the action was a dispute over tariffs. Stated baldly, I think that’s drier than anything I mentioned.

[sgiandubh]

A glimmer of hope?

When in doubt about the SAG-AFTRA strike negotiations' state of play, tune in to Variety, the entertainment press grande dame that's been around since 1905.

Something very interesting just caught my eye in this article:

Essentially, they will Zoom over this week-end, with the hope to wrap it up soon enough, before the situation really hits a dire straits level

May I screencap it for you?

IATSE is an acronym for the International [US and Canada] Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees, Moving Picture Technicians, Artists and Allied Crafts of the United States. They've been around since 1893 and they still represent around 170K people working in the industry. As any Democrat-leaning trade union, they do have a long-standing (and successful) agenda focusing on uniform employment practices across the industry, such as the 40 hour work week. Something they achieved very early on, via the 1941 Fair Labor Standards Act, with Roosevelt's (heh) direct support. Finally, they do have a rather good reputation of tough, but flexible negotiators, as they did manage to avoid last minute a cataclysmic strike in the industry in 2021 (please google it yourself, it would take ages to explain, but that was, IMHO, a smart game right there with AMPTP). And the relationship between IATSE and SAG-AFTRA (including between IATSE's honchos and Fran Drescher) is excellent.

In other words, when a IATSE representative takes the initiative to leak/hint at something, that is immediately published by Variety, you read carefully:

As far as AMPTP goes, the coin seems to have (hopefully) dropped. Costs are starting to pile up:

Dare we hope? My bet is yes, this time. After much fretting, it would seem we are finally going towards some clarity. I am risking a prediction and really hope to nail it:

One week tops to go, unless AMPTP does something really, seriously stupid last minute.

[ankoku-teion]

Dioraden: Nations - Crixus

This is the newly founded homeland of the Tieflings. The population is now almost exclusively tiefling, many of the elves and humans who had been living in the region left in a mass exodus, after all If “one is a curiosity, Two is luck, but three is a comspiracy” then what would you call just shy of a million? Those who stayed faced decades of social discrimination as disgruntled tieflings subjected the new minority to all the same poor treatment that they had faced for centuries.

Founded in the year 976 of the 5th age when Lilleth Karillano formed a nationalist movement and led them in open rebellion against the grand council. Lilleth led a unit made entirely of tieflings in the war of 971 against Aestrena. They went behind the lines of an enemy who would kill their kind on sight and spent several months sabotaging enemy supply lines and ambushing units much larger than their own, this made them folk heroes, especially among other tieflings.

After the war Lilleth spent several years travelling around Anderos with Serapis, sharing that books many stories of Morthos with every tiefling she encountered, imparting to all of them, her belief in a shared culture and history. She used her magic to help those in need and preached a message of tiefling equality and acceptance.

After 4 years of this, Lilleth returned to the east, to the holy site where the first 6 tieflings had been created. From there she sent out a call, summoning every tiefling in Anderos and beyond to her side. They came in a flood, a large and threatening one. Lilleth used their numbers as leverage to demand that the grand council grant them equal rights and protections under the law, but she was not heard, instead the council reacted with fear and raised an army against them. And so a war was begun.

2 years of hard combat and it became clear that the rebels would not break. When Common people across Anderos began to show both open support for the rebels cause and their own dissatisfaction, the council capitulated and a peace deal was formed.

Shortly thereafter Crixus’ norther neighbour, Zikas, called for a crusade to eradicate the “heresy of demon-spawn” that hat formed to their south. Zikas, being a much smaller and less populous country had been relying on the new state being disorganised, and on aid from both Anderos, and their mother country Aestrena. Instead they got nothing. Anderos was too busy reasserting order, and Aestrena was facing an almost unprecedented threat in the north. The war ended quickly when Zikas realised that no help was coming and they chose to surrender the territory they had already lost rather than be overrun.

In the years following this Crixus made efforts to forge strong alliances with the two elven settlements. Providing them with financial and military aide.

Crixus is a democratic republic, legislative power is held by a council of 6 elected elders, one to represent each of the tribes. The elected president acts as a mediator, presiding over and directing council meetings, with no powers bar that of tie-breaker. A perhaps more important duty is that of representative. It is the duty of the president to embody the character and will of the nation as both an inspiration for the people and as an emissary in dealings with other nations.

The primary faith in Crixus is that of ancestral worship. Each family keeps shrines to their own departed family members, to whom they give offerings and pray for guidance.

[minetteskvareninova]

Republic Of Many Nations - Historical Opportunity for Central/Eastern Europe?

(This is a translation of an exhibition created with the cooperation of multiple Slovak and Polish institutions for the study of history that hanged in the corridors of University of Prešov in late 2023. Consider this an introduction to Rzeczpospolita for all my 1670 girlies. It's heavily biased in favor of Rzeczpospolita, luckily in ways that are neither subtle, nor do they detract from its informational value. I am leaving out most of the pictures and the commentary under them, as well as the quotes included - simply because I couldn't fit them into the format of a tumblr article. The notes bellow in [] brackets are mine, the rest of the text is from the exhibition itself, and the pictures, or something close to them - like the same building from a different angle - appeared on the exhibition panels as well. Commentary on the pictures is also from the exhibition.)

***

Did you know that from the end of the 14th century untill the end of the 18th century a unique republic existed in what is now Poland, Lithuania, Ukraine and Belarus, which was the biggest state in Europe and which wasn't founded by military expansion, but by a peaceful alliance of Kingdom of Poland and Grandduchy of Lithuania? This republic gradually fell to the pressure of surrounding absolutist monarchies led by the Tsardom of Muscovy [1], but its legacy persists in the ethos of civil liberties, democratic participation and diversity. Legacy of this republic has become a part of the identity of nations in the Middle/Eastern Europe, which for more than two centuries resisted Russian imperial rule and which cling to these values to this day.

1.) REPUBLIC OF MANY NATIONS The beginings of the "republic of many nations" can be traced to the year 1385, when the hand of Jadwiga, heir to the Polish throne, was offered to Jogaila, the Grand Duke of Lithuania, with the stipulation that he should become a Christian. When Jogaila ascended the throne of Poland as Władisław II. Jagiełło, it created a dynastic link between Poland and Grandduchy of Lithuania, which besides Lithuania consisted of lands in today's Belarus and Ukraine. When on the 1st of July 1569 in the Lublin Castle Polish nobility agreed to extend their privileges to the Lithuanian nobility in exchange for Lithuania ceding large territories to the Polish crown, an agreement was born, on the basis of which a dynastic union transformed into a commonwealth, now called Rzeczpospolita, i.e. The Republic. Though initially the union of these polities was motivated by the existence of common enemies - the Teutonic Order and later Russia - the strongest bond between them turned out to be the unique arrangement established by the Polish and Lithuanian representatives. The "Republic" in the name of this polity was supposed to demonstrate that the Commonwealth would be ruled by its noble citizens regardless of whether their mother tongue was Polish, Lithuanian or Ruthenian (common ancestor of Rusyn, Belarussian and Ukrainian). Though Republic was for hundreds of years plagued by numerous internal issues, and by the end of the 18th century it was destroyed by the aggression of its neighbours, in 1791 citizens managed to approve a unique document - Constitution of 3 May 1791, now considered the first modern constitution in Europe...

2.) STORY OF THE CROWN AND THE GRANDDUCHY Even after the Union of Lublin, the Polish Crown and Grandduchy of Lithuania were still separate states, just like they used to be for hundreds of years before that. After all, the rulers of Poland had their own archbishopric and royal title since the early 11th century, struggling for power against the likes of Přemyslids, while the grand dukes of Lithuania, attempting to revive the legacy of Kievan Rus', still hesitated whether to accept baptism from Rome or Constantinople. While many of the differences between them disappeared after the creation of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, as the Lithuanian estates adopted the lifestyles of Polish nobility, the grandduchy continued to have their own legislature in the form of so-called Lithuanian Statutes, as well as their own army and finance, and a strong sense of self-determination. However, the connection between Lithuanian and Polish society was very strong - in October 1791, shortly before the final occupation of the Republic by the Prussians, Russians and Austrians both Polish and Lithuanian representatives agreed upon The Mutual Vow Of Both Nations [2], in which they promised that the story of Rzeczpospolita should continue in perpetuity as an indelible federation of the two countries...

3.) THE STORY OF UKRAINE: A MISSED OPPORTUNITY FOR THE REPULIC? While its name points to a country "somewhere on the edge", Ukraine was a tempting target for many powers since the Middle Ages. After the fall of Mongolian Golden Horde in the 14th century, it was, as the former core of Kievan Rus' added to Lithuania, which presented itself as a continuation of this great Kievan empire. In this way, Lithuania came into the crosshairs of Muscovy, which held similar aspirations. After 1569 the Commonwealth of Poland-Lithuania, which in many ways respected the distinct Ukrainian identity and unlike Moscow didn't consider it to be just a branch of the Russian nation, became its protector from the Muscovite incursion into Ukraine. Even the Polish-Lithuanian nobility living in Ukraine identified and called themselves "Ruthenians", and Grand Duchy of Lithuania used so-called Ruthenian as its official language. Cossacks living in the Wild Fields in the Dnipro river basin, who on the one hand didn't accept the autority of Polish-Lithuanian nobility, on the other hand helped to safeguard the borders of Rzeczpospolita from Moscow and the Ottomans, were also bearers of the sovereign Ukrainian identity. In the middle of the 17th century dissatisfaction of the Cossacks with certain magnates and issues of religion grew into the bloody uprising of hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky, who in 1654 turned to the Muscovite tsar [1] with a plea for protection. However, among the Cossacks, critical voices towards Moscow could also be heard, especially the voice of Ivan Vyhovsky, who in 1658 made a deal with the Commonwealth of Poland-Lithuania about its transformation into the Republic of Three Nations with a coequal position of the Grand Duchy of Russia [3] and orthodoxy. Because of the opposition from a portion of nobility, Cossacks and Moscow, the agreement never went into effect, and thus both the Republic and Ukraine missed their historic chance...

4.) KING IS THE FIRST AMONG US, THE FIRST AMONG EQUALS The creation of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was also a key flashpoint for the transformation of royal power. Since Polish king Sigismund II. August, who thanks to the Union of Lublin became the ruler of Rzeczpospolita, died in 1572 without issue, Polish-Lithuanian nobility in accordance with the original agreement established the viritim election principle, according to which every noble present could elect their own king on special convocational sejms (diets). Ruler elected in this manner had to confirm noble privileges trough the so-called Henrician Articles and a collection of vows Pacta Conventa. Ruler's political power was thus perpetually subject to the rule of law (lex regnat non rex), and if the nobility deemed the ruler's actions unlawful, they could in the case of an emergency even call up a confederation and declare armed resistance. Thus, from then on until the acceptance of Constitution of 3 May 1791, the election of Polish-Lithuanian monarch became subject to the interests of foreign dynasties and local magnate houses. In the 18th century, an era during which the surrounding countries mostly adopted absolutism, the weakness of royal power came to be seen as the fundamental reason for the political decline of the Republic.

5.) NOT A MONARCHY, NOR AN ARISTOCRACY, NOR A DEMOCRACY The name Rzeczpospolita (the Republic) wasn't chosen for the Commonwealth of Poland-Lithuania by accident. Polish-Lithuanian nobility actually believed that their country can revive the lost ancient legacy of the just polities, and so they considered their Rzeczpospolita, to which they had given the epithet "most serene" [2], to be the third real republic in human history (after the Roman and Venetian ones). Members of the Polish nobility, who were convinced that the noble station brings with itself the duty of civic virtues, thus positioned themselves as the new Aristotles, and considered the so-called mixed constitution, which combined virtues of the monarchy, aristocracy and rule of the people, to be the best way to organize the state. Power in Rzeczpospolita was thus divided between the elected king, the Senate consisting of highest state officials, and a chamber of noble-born representatives, who could use the later infamous liberum veto [4], or the right of individual protest, which especially in the 18th century severely hampered the flexibility of the Republic. However, in the Republic, a specific form of political decisionmaking wasn't practiced only by the parliament of nobles. In Ukraine, the Zaporozhian Cossacks created a very peculiar form of military democracy. In their fortified camps (sietches [2]) the sietch councils formed by direct election, and they in turn elected their military commanders (atamans) and government officials, made decisions about war and piece, economic policy, even legal judgements.

6.) DIFFERENT FAITHS LIVE TOGETHER WITHOUT NEED FOR BORDERS Calling the ancient Republic "Polish" might be misleading, because today the epithet "Polish" is tied mostly to the ethnic nation. However, since in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the nation was the nobility, which based its honour on citizen loyalty towards the common polity inspired by antiquity, the noble "nation" at the time included all members of the class no matter the country they were born in, language they spoke, or the faith they professed. That's why, concerning the question of self-perception in the period, we often see the phrase "I am of the Polish nation, but of Ruthenian birth." This citizenship-based definition of Polish identity was closely related to the unprecedented religious tolerance, as codified in 1573 by the so-called Warsaw Confederation. The fact that the noble "nation" included not only Catholics, Lutherans, Calvinists, Uniates and Orthodox Christians, but Mennonites and Arians, led to Rzeczpospolita being called "a state without stacks", because the foreigners there didn't end up burned at a stake, but finding a refuge. However, in the 18th century, this fragile coexistence of different denominations was severely disturbed, because the neighbouring great powers loved to use the rights of religious minorities for their own ends. In the 3 May 1791 constitution, all faiths were thus tolerated, but the Catholicism was supposed to be the state religion.

7.) POLONIA PARADISUS JUDAEORUM While the Jewish people were often banished from the rest of medieval European countries, kings of Poland granted many privileges to the arriving Jews. That being not just The Great Charter of Jewish Rights [2] from 1264, but also Privilegia de non tolerandis Christianis, which allowed Jewish merchants to settle in designated communities without Christian competition. Jews gradually gained the right to their own local administration (so-called kahalas) and around the time of the Union of Lublin even to summon their own parliament, called the Diet of the Four Countries [2] (also known as Va'ad). It is therefore no wonder that in the 16th century Europeans started to call Rzeczpospolita "Jewish paradise" and that three quarters of the entire Jewish population of the world lived here. This peaceful coexistence started to suffer in the middle of the 17th century, mainly because of Cossack uprisings, during which thousands of Jews were massacred for being alleged allies of the nobility, while in the 18th century the country experienced general decline in religious tolerance. However, as part of the attempt to save the Republic during the so-called Great Sejm [2] of 1788-1792, a special commission was created to designate the position of Jews within Rzeczpospolita. And when the famous Kościusko uprising defending the independence of Rzeczpospolita and the legacy of the Constitution of 3 May 1791 against the Russian invasion broke out, many Jews didn't hesitate to join the first Jewish regiment and fight in battle for the Republic.

8.) WALLS OF CHRISTIAN EUROPE Noble citizens didn't perceive their Republic as just an embodiment of ancient community, but also a military power. That's why the nobility placed so much value on military virtues and in emulation of ancient Sarmatians, whose descendants they considered themselves to be, they also relied heavily on elite cavalry - the winged hussars, whose exotic appearance and military prowess gained them respect on the battlefield. Polish-Lithuanian nobility, convinced of the exceptional nature of their own Republic, started to perceive their polity as "antemurale christianitatis" - the bastion of Christendom, which protects the eastern borders of Europe from the outside threat. In the 1621 battle of Khotyn the united Polish-Lithuanian army, boosted by thousands of Cossacks led by the hetman of Zaporizhzhia Sahaidachny, a great promoter of cooperation between the Cossacks and Poland-Lithuania, managed to hold back the Ottoman army several times its size. The Polish society connected several such victories to the Divine providence and a faith that the Republic is fulfilling its holy mission in history. This is also the reason why the hussars of king Jan III. Sobieski are to this day considered the saviours of Vienna from the Ottoman siege of 1683 and the madona of Czenstochowa is perceived as the one responsible for the Polish-Lithuanian victory over the Swedes. Though the military glory of the former empire had declined in the 18th century, the enlightenment era reformers didn't forget the valor of their ancestors - the School of Chivalry was established on the prompting of king Stanislaw August Poniatowsky, and among its absolvents was Tadeusz Kościuszko, born in the Duchy of Lithuania, leader of the last stand of the Republic against Russia in 1794.

9.) NOTHING ABOUT US WITHOUT US While the king od France could've said "I am the state", in the Polish-Lithuanian Union the state were its citizens, that being the nobility. Nobility's agitation for their privileges gradually bore fruit - particularly important were the neminem captivabimus privilege, ensuring untouchability of a person, and the nihil novi rule, forbidding the king from issuing laws without the approval of a diet of nobles. Power of the nobility was among other things ensured by the size of this estate, since it made up 8-10% of the population (for comparison, in Great Britain, even in the mid-19th century only 6% of the population had a right to vote). In comparison with other countries, all members of the nobility were absolute equals in the eyes of the law. All of these rules were supported by the specific ideology of sarmatism, according to which were all noblemen, as the alleged descendants of the ancient ethnic group, required to protect the so-called "golden liberties" - set of rights and values which made the Polish-Lithuanian nobility consider themselves the most free nation under the the sun. Besides the exotic clothing [5], sarmatism was also expressed in numerous acts of rebellion against their own king - for example, in the 18th century nobility founded the Bar Confederation, which was supposed to rid the Commonwealth of the Russian influence, but ended up leading to the first division of Rzeczpospolita lands among the imperial powers.

10.) SPLENDOR AND MISERY OF THE MAGNATE FAMILIES Though in the Commonwealth, any use of titles that would distinguish between lower and higher nobility was strictly forbidden, the issue was nonetheless made more complicated by the high economic inequality even among the nobles. Some noble houses were able to create estates so large even the royal holdings paled in comparison. Their dominance rested on their large wealth, high positions in state offices and background influence on politics. This informal class of magnates was most prominent in the eastern part of the country, where a handful of houses amassed giant private armies and sophisticated webs of noble clients, since many of the impoverished nobles voluntarily worked for the magnates, and some even voted in the parliament according to the wishes of their benefactors. These most powerful magnates were thus also titled "little kings", and some of them actually did become elected kings of Poland. The fact that many magnates, especially in Ukraine, were out of the reach of central state power and treated their subjects especially badly led to the outbreak of antimagnate rebellions, the most successful of which was the Bohdan Khmelnytsky Cossack uprising of 1648. However, the magnate activity cannot be seen as black-and-white, because their role also involved foundation and patronage on a grand scale - it was thanks to them that many treasures of Polish-Lithuanian architecture were created.

11.) LEGACY OF THE REPUBLIC OF MANY NATIONS The Republic of Poland-Lithuania was erased from the map in 1795. However, its tradition remained in the ethos of fight "for freedom yours and ours", which was echoed by the participants of many antirussian uprisings in the 19th and 20th century. This ethos called back to the tradition of free republic, which, unlike the Russian Empire - that forced subjugated polities to adopt the samoderzhavie [6], orthodoxy and russification triad - supposedly enabled different nations to keep their freedom and "unity in diversity". Although the ethnonationalism of the 20th century has dimmed the memories of their common legacy and caused plenty of bad blood among the different nations of former Rzeczpospolita, the idea of confederation or close cooperation against Russian imperialism was returning in their consciousness, whether during the 1863 uprising or shortly after World War I. In the communist era, the writer in exile Jerzy Giedroyc famously prophesized that Poland can be truly free only when so are Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine. For Ukrainians and Belarussians, who have been threatened by the imperial idea of Greater Russia and the vision of a unified "Russian world" even after 1991, are heroes (like prince Konstanty Ostrogski or hetman Sahaidachny) and famous moments in the history of the Republic fundamental symbols of their national sovereignty and belonging to the European civilizational space. They will never cease to remind everyone that the Republic is not dead while we are alive and believe that the ties of mutual civic loyalty are stronger than differences in language, faith or ethnic origin, stronger than any enemy that would attempt to tear these ties of our values.

***

[1] - Russia. They are talking about Russia. Y'see, the etymology of "Russian" in Eastern Slavic languages is kinda confusing; originally, it meant all Eastern Slavs, but later on it came to be associated with the largest and most culturally dominant group - which is to say the predecessors of modern Russians under the rule of Princedom of Muscovy. Eventually, Ivan IV., the Grand Prince of Muscovy got himself crown the Tsar of All Russians, which was a bit presumptuous considering a whole lot of people who very much weren't under his rule also identified as the Rus'/Russians. Still, it stuck, and when Ukrainians and Belarussians wanted to define themselves against their Russian overlords, they abandoned the label "Russians" altogether. Calling post-Ivan the Terrible Russians "Muscovites" is a bit of antiquated terminology that would be common in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.

[2] - Literal translation, because I don't know what it's called in English-speaking historical literature.

[3] - Used here in the older sense of the word, i.e. Eastern Slavic in general (see [1]). In this case, the Eastern Slavs in question are clearly mostly Ukrainians despite being called Rus'/Russians (YES I KNOW)

[4] - Okay, so have you seen the first episode? The whole "One of us was against. End of story. We have a democracy." thing was... Barely an exaggeration to be honest.

[5] - Compare the shit Jan Paweł and his friends wear to normal 17th century male clothing (to which Ciesław and especially magnate's son come pretty close to) and you'll get the gist.

[6] - rus. autocracy, or rather the name for specific absolutist tradition of Russian tzars

***

Notes on the pictures:

1.) Map of Rzeczpospolita from the first half of the 18th century (most likely around 1739), made by the cartographer Johann Baptist Homann.

2.) Tapestry with the coats-of-arms of Poland and Lithuania - The Union of Lublin led among other things to the joining of Polish and Lithuanian coats-of-arms, so the new state coats-of-arms combined the polish royal eagle on red field with the traditional symbol of Lithuania, the Pogoń (Vytis in Lithuanian), or the armored knight on a horse, which to this day is part of the legacy of the Grandduchy in modern Lithuanian and parts of Belarussian society.

3.) Battle of Orsha (1514) in which the orthodox prince Konstanty Ostrogski, claiming to carry on the legacy of the Kievan Rus', led the united Polish-Lithuanian forces and destroyed the Muscovite invasion army despite being outnumbered, saving the independence of the Grandduchy. After 1991 the day of the anniversary of this battle was celebrated as a holiday of the Belarussian army. The holiday was later abolished by the Lukashenko regime, one can currently end up in jail for celebrating it. In 2017, a common Lithuanian-Polish-Ukrainian brigade was named hetman Ostrogski.

4.) Royal Castle in Warsaw - Since the late 16th century, Warsaw became the new center of power in the Republic. The Royal Castle, originally the medieval seat of the dukes of Massovia, was rebuilt in the new baroque style. During World War II, the castle was completely destroyed. For a long time, the communist regime was refusing to greenlight its reconstruction, and its restoration based on old engravings and pre-war photographs was only made possible trough the massive public pressure.

5.) Painting of the French artist Jean-Pierre Norblin portrays a traditional part of the political life in Rzeczpospolita - a session of the so-called sejmik (Polish diminutive of sejm, a.k.a. diet). On these local assemblies of nobles of the given region, deputies for the meetings of the central sejm were elected and instructions for these deputies were agreed upon.

6.) Kruszyniany - Presence of the muslim Tartar community is part of the legacy of Rzeczpospolita. Tartars live on the territories of today's Lithuania, Belarus and Poland continuously since the 14th century. They have proven their worth as warriors in service of the Republic. Original Tartar mosques can be found especially in Podlesie in today's northeastern Poland and in Trakai in today's Lithuania.

7.) Ceiling of a synagogue reconstructed for the POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews in Warsaw, which in 2015 was awarded the title of Best Museum in Europe. It is in this modern museum that you can learn the most about the Jews of Rzeczpospolita, the largest Jewish diaspora at the time.

8.) Sobieski at Vienna - Painting of Jan Matejko depicts the Polish king Jan III. Sobieski, who after his famous triumph over the Ottoman Turks in 1683 sent a letter to pope Innocent IX., in which he writes that the Christian Vienna was saved.

9.) Casimir Pulaski, later national hero of the United States, escaped Poland after the failure of the Bar Confederation in 1769-1772. The confederation was one of the last attempts to free the country from the increasing dependency on Russia.

10.) Zamoćś - Renessaince city founded by an exceptional person. Jan Zamoyski came from a not very wealthy noble family, but trough his own merits eventually became the richest and most powerful man in the Republic. The town hall of Zamość on the photo.

11.) Adam Mickiewicz could be the symbol of the common legacy of Rzeczpospolita. The greatest poet in the Polish language literature was born in today's Belarus (1798) and always felt like a citizen of Rzeczpospolita. His most important work begins with a line "Lithuania, my fatherland!" It was Mickiewicz who was remembered by the pope John Paul II., when he proclaimed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth the predecessor of cooperation of the entire continent within the European Union ("from the Union of Lublin to the European Union").

[satur9-if]

Kronian Federation (lore post)

The Kronian Federation (the primary setting for the WIP interactive novel Saturnine) is one of the four superpowers of the Solar System. It is a grand alliance of 50 Saturnian moons, many hundreds of space stations and countless semi-independent tribes and territories, all amounting to upwards of two billion people living within the superstate's borders.

Unlike the other major powers of the far future, the Kronian Federation is a democratic and egalitarian society subject to the will of its people. Thrice a Saturnian year, the two non-illegal political parties both select a candidate and mercifully allow the unwashed masses to select their new president. Each vote is then multiplied, divided or discarded depending on the voter's place of birth and current residence. Finally, the corporate overlords of Titan meet to decide whether they feel like committing election fraud to ensure the result they want, a rare occurence given the prevalence of lobbying during election seasons.

Some people (mostly Uranus sympathizers) criticize this system, stating that there's never any difference between the two candidates, but cloned contestants only ran for the position three times* since the Federation's founding in 336 AC. The fears of tax cuts made by nearly every president are also entirely unfounded; Not only is taxation considered theft by 106% of citizens, federal budget can be reliably filled by contractual labor of convicted felons, who in turn get to atone for the crime of being poor and finally contribute something to society for once in their lives.

The Federation is also remarkably tolerant not only to all religions (even shady sects like Christianity and Islam are mostly allowed) but to various forms, races and ethnicities. Even subhumans like Uranians are given a chance to thrive, provided they can fairly compete in the free market and try hard enough to assimilate. Only abominable synthetic creatures like androids are to be killed on sight... for one shall not make a machine in the likeness of a man.

*Candidates Jack Oliver and Jill Oliver were, in fact, just identical twins

[comeonamericawakeup]

Looks like his goose is cooked but good!

Unbelievable!!

HEATHER COX RICHARDSON

JUN 10

At 3:00 today, Washington D.C., time, Special Counsel Jack Smith delivered a statement about the recently unsealed indictment charging former president Donald J. Trump on 37 counts of violating national security laws as well as participating in a conspiracy to obstruct justice.

Although MAGA Republicans have tried to paint the indictment as a political move by the Biden administration over a piddling error, Smith immediately reminded people that “[t]his indictment was voted by a grand jury of citizens in the Southern District of Florida, and I invite everyone to read it in full to understand the scope and the gravity of the crimes charged.”

The indictment is, indeed, jaw dropping.

It alleges that during his time in the White House, Trump stored in cardboard boxes “information regarding defense and weapons capabilities of both the United States and foreign countries; United States nuclear programs; potential vulnerabilities of the United States and its allies to military attack; and plans for possible retaliation in response to a foreign attack.” The indictment notes that “[t]he unauthorized disclosure of these classified documents could put at risk the national security of the United States, foreign relations, the safety of the United States military, and human sources and the continued viability of sensitive intelligence collection methods.”

Nonetheless, when Trump ceased to be president after noon on January 20, 2021, he took those boxes, “many of which contained classified documents,” to Mar-a-Lago, where he was living. He “was not authorized to possess or retain those classified documents.” The indictment makes it clear that this was no oversight: Trump was personally involved in packing the boxes and, later, in going through them and in overseeing how they were handled. The employees who worked for him exchanged text messages referring to his personal instructions about them.

Mar-a-Lago was not an authorized location for such documents, but he stored them there anyway, “including in a ballroom, a bathroom and shower, an office space, his bedroom, and a storage room.” They were stacked in public places, where anyone—including the many foreign nationals who visited Mar-a-Lago—could see them. On December 7, 2021, Trump’s personal aide Waltine Nauta took two pictures of several of the boxes fallen on the floor, with their contents, including a secret document available only to the Five Eyes intelligence alliance of the U.S., Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom, spilled onto the floor.

The indictment alleges that Trump showed classified documents to others without security clearances on two occasions, both of which are well documented. One of those occasions was recorded. Trump told the people there that the plan he was showing them was “highly confidential” and “secret.” He added, “See, as president I could have declassified it….Now I can’t, you know, but this is still a secret.”

This recording undermines his insistence that he believed he could automatically declassify documents; it proves he understood he could not. In addition, the indictment lists Trump’s many statements from 2016 about the importance of protecting classified information, all delivered as attacks on Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton, whom he accused of mishandling such information. “In my administration,” he said on August 18, 2016, “I’m going to enforce all laws concerning the protection of classified information. No one will be above the law.”

The indictment goes on: When the FBI tried to recover the documents, Trump started what Washington Post journalist Jennifer Rubin called a “giant shell game”: he tried to get his lawyer to lie to the FBI and the grand jury, saying Trump did not have more documents; worked with Nauta to move some of the boxes to hide them from Trump’s lawyer, the FBI and the grand jury; tried to get his lawyer to hide or destroy documents; and got another lawyer to certify that all the documents had been produced when he knew they hadn’t.

Nauta lied to the grand jury about his knowledge of what Trump did with the boxes. Both he and Trump have been indicted on multiple counts of obstruction and of engaging in a conspiracy to hide the documents.

Eventually, Trump had many of the boxes moved to his property at Bedminster, New Jersey, where on two occasions he showed documents to people without security clearances. He showed a classified map of a country that is part of an ongoing military operation to a representative of his political action committee.

Trump has been indicted on 31 counts of having “unauthorized possession of, access to, and control over documents relating to the national defense,” for keeping them, and for refusing “to deliver them to the officer and employee of the United States entitled to receive them”: language straight out of the Espionage Act. Twenty-one of the documents were marked top secret, nine were marked secret, and one was unmarked.

These documents are not all those recovered—some likely are too sensitive to risk making public—but they nonetheless hold some of the nation’s deepest secrets: “military capabilities of a foreign country and the United States,” “military activities and planning of foreign countries,” “nuclear capabilities of a foreign country,” “military attacks by a foreign country,” “military contingency planning of the United States,” “military options of a foreign country and potential effects on United States interest,” “foreign country support of terrorist acts against United States interests,” “nuclear weaponry of the United States,” “military activity in a foreign country.”

Smith put it starkly in his statement, “The men and women of the United States intelligence community and our armed forces dedicate their lives to protecting our nation and its people. Our laws that protect national defense information are critical to the safety and security of the United States and they must be enforced. Violations of those laws put our country at risk.”

On Twitter, Bill Kristol said it more clearly: “These were highly classified documents dealing with military intelligence and plans. What did Trump do with them? Who now has copies of them?” Retired FBI assistant director Frank Figliuzzi noted that there is a substantial risk that “foreign intelligence services might have sought or gained access to the documents.”

There is also substantial risk that other countries will be reluctant to share intelligence with the United States in the future. At the very least, it is an unfortunate coincidence that the Central Intelligence Agency in October 2021 reported an unusually high rate of capture or death for foreign informants recruited to spy for the United States.

Since Trump supporters have taken the position that Trump’s indictment over the stolen documents is the attempt of the Biden administration to undermine Trump’s presidential candidacy, it is worth remembering that Trump’s early announcement of his campaign was widely suspected to be an attempt to enable him to avoid legal accountability. Attorney General Merrick Garland appointed Special Counsel Jack Smith precisely to put arms length between the administration and the investigations into Trump.

Smith noted today, “Adherence to the rule of law is a bedrock principle of the Department of Justice. And our nation’s commitment to the rule of law sets an example for the world. We have one set of laws in this country, and they apply to everyone. Applying those laws. Collecting facts. That’s what determines the outcome of an investigation. Nothing more. Nothing less.

“The prosecutors in my office are among the most talented and experienced in the Department of Justice. They have investigated this case hewing to the highest ethical standards. And they will continue to do so as this case proceeds.”

Smith added: “It’s very important for me to note that the defendants in this case must be presumed innocent until proven guilty beyond a reasonable doubt in a court of law. To that end, my office will seek a speedy trial in this matter. Consistent with the public interest and the rights of the accused. We very much look forward to presenting our case to a jury of citizens in the Southern District of Florida.”

Likely responding to MAGA attacks on the FBI and the rule of law, Smith thanked the “dedicated public servants of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, with whom my office is conducting this investigation and who worked tirelessly every day upholding the rule of law in our country,” before closing his brief statement.

The indictment revealed just how much detailed information Smith’s team has uncovered, presenting a shockingly thorough case to prove the allegations. Trump’s lawyers will have their work cut out for them…although the team has shifted since this morning: two of Trump’s lawyers quit today. The thoroughness of the indictment also suggests that Trump and his allies might have reason to be nervous about Smith’s other investigation: the one into the attempt to overturn results of the 2020 election.

Some of Trump’s supporters are calling for violence. After Louisiana representative Clay Higgins appeared to be egging on militias to oppose Trump’s Tuesday arraignment, Democratic senate majority leader Chuck Schumer (D-NY) and House minority leader Hakeem Jeffries (D-NY) issued a joint statement calling for “supporters and critics alike to let the case proceed peacefully in court.” Legal scholar Joyce White Vance noted that it was “extremely sad for our country that this isn’t a bipartisan statement being made by leaders from both parties.”

A lengthy and complete summary

#Trump federal indictment

[dysrope]

The Long 35th Century

[V v late addition to turn 15: 9-3-3-1=2]

The collapse of the centralized control over most of the underworld, and the outbreak of brutal war caused a disruption of all underworld trade, massive depopulation of central areas, and an overextension of the Royal armies. Internal and external enemies take notice

The Empire Is Struck Back

Sensing the weakness of Chivik, the long-suffering tribes closest to the see the time is right to retailiate for the many historic mistreatments andhumiliations. At first they simply participate on the side of rebels as mercenaries, or engage in banditry, but the charismatic brother of the Kilklak matriarch fosters personal relationships with the leaders of many other clans and tribes, and promotes a branch of the circadian cult that yearns for a return to the "good old days" when all tiktik lived in tribes, and there were no decadent city-dwellers. With a combination of traditional personalistic alliances and a formalized priesthood connecting the tribes, he manages to unite most of them in a grand confoederation. The Confoederation of Free Tribes raises a vast army, and manages to defeat what arnies Chivik can bring to bear, and capture the city of Tranos, which had long been a thorn in their side. The city is promptly renamed Kilklak, but it is mainly used as a garrison, with only little civilian activity; a base of operations for further attacks eastward. The confoederation is led by an agreed-upon Matriarch (often from the Kilklak clan) but her prime councillor is always the high priest, and a very conservative agenda tends to dominate the political programme.

The Second One True Empire

Tanmak also sees the scattered Royal armies and the long response times and mobilizes its population. A quick march takes them to the relatively undefended eastern edge of Retvik. The Retvikvik are convinced that their interests are better served by submitting to the Empress of Tanmak, and the fledgling empire gains control of this most vital chokepoint without a fight, securing the entirety of the east. The Empress declares herself the rightful sovereign of the entire world, though in practice that only means Tanmak is now truly independent. A variant of circadianism is established as state religion, centering on the empress dynasty as a manifestation of eternal renewal, and the holy land of Erjul, as a place where the sunlight spills into the underworld and many pilgrims go there to bathe in the waters that carry the light, though it is a very dangerous excursion to any that need to breathe.

Rebel rebel

In Fikset city, the successive escalating crises, and ineffective responses of the central government are met with joy. The city is hit hard by the loss of trade, and increased taxes, but the population is united in opposition to Chivik rule, and are now finally able to drive out the occupation forces. Since the former glory days of independent Neskot are fondly remebered, that name is reintroduced, but the original ruling clan was long ago driven into extinction. Instead, the Independent and Free City State of Neskot is ruled more or less democratically. The most important body is the assembly, where each of the citizen clans with more than 144 members sends their representatives, but each year they elect one amongst themselves to become a "Neskotkot". These are a "clan" only in name, but do form a government, usually with a dozen or so members

[90363462]

Republicans, Fear the Young

Nov. 19, 2022Seventy percent of the younger electorate in Pennsylvania voted for John Fetterman.Quinn Glabicki/Reuters

By John Della Volpe

Mr. Della Volpe is the director of polling at the Harvard Kennedy School Institute of Politics.

Stressed and sickened by thoughts of their rights and democracy slipping away, young Americans across gender, racial, geographic and education lines banded together last week to help save the Democrats from what many foresaw as a sizable midterm defeat. If the elections had been decided by voters 45 and older, Republicans would have won the House by an even greater margin and likely taken the Senate. But thanks to young voters (especially the 18-to-29 age group, which had the second-highest turnout in midterm elections in almost 30 years, according to early estimates from Tufts University), Democrats retained the Senate, showing that an alliance of Gen Z and millennial voters answered history’s call to defend democracy. The majority of them rejected the big lie. They possess the turbulent, kinetic energy that withstands red waves. They will propel Democrats’ progressive agenda forward if the party seizes the moment.

In 2018, young voters were key to Nancy Pelosi regaining the speaker’s gavel. In 2020, millennials and members of Gen Z were instrumental in moving Arizona, Georgia, Michigan, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin into Joe Biden’s column, thus relegating Donald Trump to a one-term presidency. Winning one election might be an accident. Two, an anomaly. Three in a row proves that earning the support of the Gen Z-millennial alliance is essential to winning elections in our current era.

While Gen Z and millennial voters tend to vote Democratic, the preference is most pronounced in voters under 30. Consider some of the recent exit polls: In Arizona, the incumbent Democratic senator Mark Kelly won 76 percent of the 18-to-29-year-old vote, while the election denier Republican Blake Masters received just 20 percent, according to a CNN exit poll. In Pennsylvania, Lt. Gov. John Fetterman, a Democrat, dominated the youth vote, receiving 70 percent, compared with the 28 percent Dr. Mehmet Oz, a Republican, received. And in Nevada, the incumbent Democratic senator Catherine Cortez Masto earned re-election against the Republican Adam Laxalt, thanks in no small part to her effort among young voters, whom she won resoundingly: Sixty-four percent, compared to Laxalt’s 31 percent.

This union of Gen Z and millennial voters will account for nearly 40 percent of votes in the next presidential election, according to estimates from the Center for American Progress. Republicans ignore this voting bloc at their peril. Even among white voters — the traditional Republican base — the youngest are slipping away to support Democrats. While midterm estimates show that the majority of whites over 30 years old voted Republican, 58 percent of whites under 30 voted for Democratic House candidates.

This is perhaps not surprising given how out of touch with young people party stalwarts such as Senator Ted Cruz can sometimes seem. Mr. Cruz, potentially provoking millions of voters following Mr. Biden’s student loan forgiveness announcement, said: “If you are that slacker barista who wasted seven years in college studying completely useless things, now has loans and can’t get a job, Joe Biden just gave you 20 grand.”

Democrats who court the youth vote fully will likely outperform their competitors in 2024. Now is the time to listen more intently, see beyond the top-line polling data and better understand the values and vision of this still emerging voting bloc intent on saving the America they believe is under threat.

As the salience of the Supreme Court decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization illustrates, young voters, both Democratic and Republican, are exceedingly concerned about rights — not just their own. A defining attribute of young Americans today is the degree to which they stand up and fight for those even more vulnerable than they are. Roughly four months before the Supreme Court overturned nearly 50 years of precedent on abortion, preserving individual rights and freedoms overpowered more than a dozen other midterm-year issues such as climate change and criminal justice reform, according to a national surveyof likely voters ages 17 to 34 that my firm, SocialSphere, conducted for Snapchat.

Similarly, according to the fall 2022 Harvard Youth Poll, a national survey I oversee for the Harvard Kennedy School Institute of Politics, 59 percent of young Americans believe their rights are under attack and 73 percent are troubled that the rights of others are threatened. Defending and expanding fundamental rights must be a cornerstone of the Democrats’ 2024 program. As the right for women to control their bodies animated younger voters in red states and blue, so too could a campaign for the right to inherit a healthy planet, to feel safe in school, to receive quality education, health care and an economy of opportunity.

As the 2022 post-mortems evolve into 2024 strategy, Mr. Biden and Democrats would also be well served to invest more in relational organizing, which enables young Americans to share with their peers the many campaign promises the president successfully delivered. Breaking through the algorithmic bubble of the uninterested is a complex challenge for political operatives. Our research shows that the more closely younger Americans follow politics, the more likely they are to approve of Mr. Biden’s job performance. As Victor Shi, a U.C.L.A. junior and Mr. Biden’s youngest convention delegate in 2020, reminded me, “the messenger matters, and it’s much easier for a young person to listen if it comes from their peer.”

Like all voters, young Americans stay engaged when they recognize the tangible difference their votes can make. By never losing sight of the threat to our democracy and focusing on concrete deliverables such as an assault weapons ban, a pathway to citizenship for DACA recipients, investments in child care and more affordable housing, Democrats can continue to attract and galvanize this critical part of their evolving base.

Many of the young men and women who voted for Democrats this fall have a complicated relationship with America. They have been told of our exceptionalism but rarely experienced it themselves or seen our nation united. Their brightest political memories are when the powerful protect and defend the vulnerable — like the day in 2015, a zoomer told me recently, when President Barack Obama and then-Vice President Biden lit the White House in rainbow L.G.B.T.Q. Pride colors in honor of the Supreme Court recognizing same-sex marriage. In the eyes of many young voters, this is how America meets its destiny: when the passion of the grass roots melds with the power of institutions to forge progress. As political analysts methodically review the numbers after an election for the ages, anyone interested in the winning formula for 2024 should closely examine those between the ages of 18 and 39.

Mr. Della Volpe (@dellavolpe) is the director of polling at the Harvard Kennedy School Institute of Politics and has overseen its youth poll since 2000. He is the author of “Fight: How Gen Z Is Channeling Their Fear and Passion to Save America.”

The Times is committed to publishing a diversity of letters to the editor. We’d like to hear what you think about this or any of our articles. Here are some tips. And here’s our email: letters@nytimes.com.

Follow The New York Times Opinion section on Facebook, Twitter (@NYTopinion) and Instagram.

[ejesgistnews]

INEC Official, Obozuwa Josephine, Has Manipulated Edo Governorship Election Result. A scandal has rocked the Edo State governorship election, as INEC official Obozuwa Josephine has been exposed for manipulating results at Osholo Primary School in Weppa Ward, Etsako East. Josephine reportedly awarded 352 votes to the All Progressives Congress (APC) candidate, 52 votes to the People's Democratic Party (PDP), and, shockingly, only one vote each to the Labour Party and the All Progressives Grand Alliance (APGA).   As the official in charge of the polling unit, Josephine accredited only 213 voters out of 493 registered. However, the official result she signed reflected a total of 406 votes. This blatant manipulation led to an inflated voter turnout of 82%, directly contradicting the actual number of accredited voters. The falsified result, confirmed through signed documents obtained by Ejes Gist News, raises suspicions that the manipulation aimed to favor a particular candidate. [caption id="attachment_303278" align="alignnone" width="1080"] INEC Official, Obozuwa Josephine, Caught Manipulating Election Results[/caption] The incident has sparked outrage, with many calling on the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) to take immediate action. Edo State Governorship Election 2024: Polling Units Results Live Updates If this result is accepted without thorough investigation, it will cast serious doubts on the integrity of the entire election process. Observers are now watching closely to see how INEC handles this breach of trust.

[dan6085]

The "Star Wars" universe is filled with a vast array of powerful groups and organizations that have influenced the galaxy's history. Here is a detailed look at the top 20 most powerful groups in the "Star Wars" universe, spanning both canonical and Legends content.

### 1. **The Galactic Empire**

- **Leader:** Emperor Palpatine (Darth Sidious)

- **Significance:** The Galactic Empire was a totalitarian regime that replaced the Galactic Republic. It had vast military power, with the Imperial Navy, Stormtrooper Corps, and iconic superweapons like the Death Star.

- **Impact:** Dominated the galaxy through fear and oppression until its defeat at the Battle of Endor.

### 2. **The Jedi Order**

- **Leader:** Grand Master Yoda (during the prequel era)

- **Significance:** The Jedi Order served as peacekeepers of the galaxy, wielding the Force to maintain order and justice. They were highly skilled warriors and philosophers.

- **Impact:** Played crucial roles in major galactic events, including the Clone Wars and the fall of the Empire.

### 3. **The Sith Order**

- **Leader:** Varies; notable leaders include Darth Sidious, Darth Vader, and Darth Bane

- **Significance:** The Sith Order, driven by the dark side of the Force, sought to dominate the galaxy and destroy the Jedi. Their philosophy revolves around power, ambition, and the rule of two (master and apprentice).

- **Impact:** Orchestrated the fall of the Republic and the rise of the Empire.

### 4. **The Rebel Alliance**

- **Leader:** Mon Mothma, Bail Organa, Princess Leia

- **Significance:** A coalition of systems and individuals resisting the tyranny of the Galactic Empire. They operated with limited resources but immense determination.

- **Impact:** Successfully overthrew the Empire, leading to the formation of the New Republic.

### 5. **The First Order**

- **Leader:** Supreme Leader Snoke, later Kylo Ren

- **Significance:** An authoritarian military junta that emerged from the remnants of the Galactic Empire. They sought to reclaim the Empire's former glory.

- **Impact:** Engaged in a brutal conflict with the Resistance, culminating in their defeat in the sequel trilogy.

### 6. **The New Republic**

- **Leader:** Various; Mon Mothma was a prominent early leader

- **Significance:** Established after the fall of the Empire to restore democratic governance to the galaxy. They faced significant challenges in maintaining order and dealing with the rise of the First Order.

- **Impact:** Struggled to maintain stability but represented the hope for a peaceful and just galaxy.

### 7. **The Trade Federation**

- **Leader:** Nute Gunray

- **Significance:** A powerful commercial entity with its own droid army. Played a significant role in the events leading up to and during the Clone Wars.

- **Impact:** Their blockade of Naboo and involvement in the Clone Wars had major political repercussions.

### 8. **The Confederacy of Independent Systems (CIS)**

- **Leader:** Count Dooku (Darth Tyranus)

- **Significance:** A coalition of star systems and corporations that seceded from the Republic, leading to the Clone Wars. They had a vast droid army.

- **Impact:** Engaged in a protracted war with the Republic, ultimately serving as a pawn in Palpatine’s rise to power.

### 9. **The Mandalorians**

- **Leader:** Various; notable leaders include Mandalore the Ultimate, Bo-Katan Kryze

- **Significance:** A warrior culture known for their combat prowess and distinctive armor. They have a complex history of conflict and alliances with both the Jedi and Sith.

- **Impact:** Played key roles in galactic conflicts and influenced events through their unique warrior traditions.

### 10. **The Hutts**

- **Leader:** Various; Jabba the Hutt is the most well-known

- **Significance:** A powerful criminal syndicate controlling vast territories in the Outer Rim. Known for their influence in smuggling, slavery, and other illegal activities.

- **Impact:** Their criminal empire affected many aspects of galactic life, including politics and trade.

### 11. **The Chiss Ascendancy**

- **Leader:** Aristocra and military leaders like Thrawn

- **Significance:** A highly advanced and secretive species from the Unknown Regions. Known for their strategic brilliance and military prowess.

- **Impact:** Played significant roles in galactic events, particularly through the actions of Grand Admiral Thrawn.

### 12. **The Nightsisters of Dathomir**

- **Leader:** Mother Talzin

- **Significance:** A coven of Force-sensitive witches using dark side magic. They have unique abilities and control over life and death.

- **Impact:** Influenced major events through their alliances and conflicts, particularly during the Clone Wars.

### 13. **The Inquisitorius**

- **Leader:** The Grand Inquisitor, under Darth Vader

- **Significance:** A group of dark side adepts tasked with hunting down and eliminating surviving Jedi after Order 66.

- **Impact:** Played a key role in the Empire’s efforts to eradicate the Jedi Order.

### 14. **Black Sun**

- **Leader:** Various; Prince Xizor is a notable figure

- **Significance:** One of the most powerful crime syndicates in the galaxy, involved in smuggling, assassination, and other illicit activities.

- **Impact:** Their operations had significant impacts on galactic politics and the underworld.

### 15. **The Resistance**

- **Leader:** General Leia Organa

- **Significance:** A paramilitary organization formed to oppose the First Order’s tyranny. Composed of former Rebel Alliance members and new recruits.

- **Impact:** Played a crucial role in defeating the First Order and restoring peace to the galaxy.

### 16. **The Bounty Hunters' Guild**

- **Leader:** Guild Master; notable members include Boba Fett and Din Djarin

- **Significance:** A professional organization for bounty hunters, enforcing rules and contracts within the trade.

- **Impact:** Their activities often influenced key events and power dynamics across the galaxy.

### 17. **The Zann Consortium**

- **Leader:** Tyber Zann

- **Significance:** A criminal organization that rose to power during the Galactic Civil War, known for their ruthless tactics and advanced technology.

- **Impact:** They challenged both the Empire and the Rebellion, carving out their own sphere of influence.

### 18. **The Corporate Sector Authority (CSA)**

- **Leader:** Executive Board of Directors

- **Significance:** A massive corporate-controlled territory in the Outer Rim, functioning as an autonomous government with its own military and economy.

- **Impact:** Their economic and political clout influenced many aspects of galactic trade and politics.

### 19. **The Fel Empire**

- **Leader:** Emperor Roan Fel

- **Significance:** A faction that emerged from the remnants of the Galactic Empire, eventually ruling a significant portion of the galaxy.

- **Impact:** Played a key role in the Legacy era, engaging in conflicts with the Sith and the Galactic Alliance.

### 20. **The Hapes Consortium**

- **Leader:** Queen Mother

- **Significance:** A powerful and matriarchal society located in the Hapes Cluster. Known for their advanced technology and isolationist policies.

- **Impact:** Their political and military power had significant influences on the galaxy, particularly during the New Republic and New Jedi Order eras.

These groups have shaped the "Star Wars" universe through their actions, conflicts, and influence, each contributing to the rich tapestry of stories and events that define the galaxy far, far away.

[progressive-globe]

Dissident Voice:

In the European power vacuum that followed WWII, the US diplomatic corps and intelligence community reached a consensus that it was acceptable to actively interfere in other nation-states’ affairs using various covert “active measures,” otherwise commonly known as dirty tricks. These measures were designed to mitigate short-term risks to US foreign policy objectives. However, actions have short—and long-term consequences, which are often unpredictable. For example, a case can be made that the British and US-instigated 1953 Iranian coup d’etat, which was primarily performed to safeguard the interests of British oil interests in Iran and overthrew the elected Prime Minister Mosaddegh in favor of the shah (Palavi), eventually resulted in the Iranian revolution and the birth of the Iranian Islamic state. Blowback on a grand scale. Once the moral line had been crossed and active measures to interfere in the internal affairs of sovereign nation-states justified in the name of US foreign policy, then the classical incremental logic of all bureaucratic administrative states was set loose. Covert active measures lead to more covert active measures, leading to justifying election interference, overthrowing duly elected “democratic” governments, and assassinations of foreign leaders, all in the name of protecting US foreign interests. And, I suggest, from there, it was only a short step to justifying an American coup involving the assassination of a US President. All to defend the foreign and domestic policy objectives of a post-war permanent shadow US leadership. The primacy of the deep state.

[head-post]

Russia, North Korea “ready to confront ambition of West”, Putin says

Russian President Vladimir Putin has ordered to sign the Treaty on Comprehensive Strategic Partnership between Russia and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Russian media reported.

The presidential order published on the official portal of legal information reads:

“To accept the proposal of the Russian Foreign Ministry, coordinated with the interested federal state bodies and organisations, to sign the Treaty on Comprehensive Strategic Partnership between the Russian Federation and the DPRK.” 

The Russian Foreign Ministry is allowed to make changes to the draft of the Treaty during the negotiations on signing the Treaty that are not of principal nature. The document reads:

“Consider it expedient to carry out the signing of the Treaty envisaged by this order at the highest level.” 

Russian President’s visit to North Korea

Vladimir Putin arrived in North Korea on Tuesday, the Kremlin said. The Russian president’s June 18-19 friendly state visit is his first trip to the neighbouring country in 24 years.

Putin will meet with North Korean leader Kim Jong Un in Pyongyang. It will be their second meeting in less than nine months.

The visit is expected to further strengthen the alliance between the two countries.

Putin said Russia has “invariably supported” North Korea and will continue to back it against “economic pressure, provocations, blackmail and military threats” by the US against Pyongyang. He also said:

“We are also ready to co-operate closely to bring more democracy and stability to international relations.”

Mr Putin is expected to receive a grand reception in Pyongyang. Satellite images taken by Planet Labs and Maxar Technologies show preparations for a grand parade in the city’s central square underway, with a grandstand erected on the eastern side.

Mr. Putin will stay at the Kumsusan Guest House, a grand state building that hosted Chinese leader Xi Jinping in 2019. He is scheduled to attend a concert and an Orthodox church in the capital.

Putin is accompanied by Defence Minister Andrei Belousov, Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov and Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Novak.

Read more HERE

[apacnewsnetwork0]

New Delhi: In a grand ceremony at Rashtrapati Bhavan, President Droupadi Murmu appointed Narendra Modi as the Prime Minister of India for his third term. The BJP-led NDA secured its third consecutive term with 293 Lok Sabha seats, with BJP winning 240 seats.

30 Cabinet Ministers, 36 Ministers of State (MoS), and 5 MoS with independent charge from the BJP and its allies in the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) also swore-in during the event. The President administered the oaths of office and of secrecy to the Council of Ministers. An official statement confirmed Narendra Modi’s appointment as Prime Minister and listed the new Cabinet members.

Read More Here : https://apacnewsnetwork.com/2024/06/narendra-modi-swears-in-for-third-term-as-pm-of-india-30-cabinet-ministers-36-mos-5-mos-independent-charge-swear-in-as-council-of-ministers/

[tomorrowusa]

Republicans blocked a move in the Senate this week to guarantee the right to birth control in the US. This should tell you something about what a second Trump term would be like for reproductive freedom.

A reminder that Republican nominees to the US Supreme Court lied about upholding Roe v. Wade.

At their Senate confirmation hearings, Supreme Court Justices John Roberts, Samuel Alito, Amy Coney Barrett, Brett Kavanaugh, and Neil Gorsuch all said that Roe v. Wade was a legitimate precedent. Except, whoops, it turns out all these people were lying, at least when testifying to Congress about the common-law principle of stare decisis. Under our system, justices aren’t supposed to throw out precedent without a good reason, but as soon as they had the votes, they threw Roe in the garbage without a second thought. Only Clarence Thomas (who’d refused in his confirmation hearing to answer whether he thought Roe was valid precedent) was even slightly honest about his intentions. This matters because it’s an example of how Republicans smuggle their horrendously unpopular policies past the public. While activists wave gruesome pictures at rallies, harass people at abortion clinics, and occasionally murder doctors, the public faces of the Grand Old Party blithely admonish everyone to “Calm down. Roe v. Wade isn’t going anywhere.” Then, when the courts are sufficiently stacked with partisan hacks, they spring the trap.

Now Republicans are saying contraception is not in danger. Of course that's what they want you to think.

Today, the same thing is happening with contraception. Unhinged conservative fanatics are building up momentum to ban the most common types of contraception, principally by lying that they actually induce abortions somehow, and they are finding success at the state and local level. As Lauren Weber reports at The Washington Post, Republicans in both Missouri and Louisiana recently blocked pro-contraception bills by lying that they cause abortions. A right-wing Idaho think tank is urging the state to ban the morning-after pill and IUDs by claiming, falsely, that they are “abortifacients.” Iowa’s Republican government has already ended subsidies for emergency contraception for victims of sexual assault. And among the victories of the so-called Alliance Defending Freedom (ADF)—the most important right-wing legal group, which has won 15 Supreme Court cases since 2011—is Burwell v. Hobby Lobby, which ended the requirement for employer-based insurance to cover contraception.

Republicans are already looking at a 151 year old zombie law called the Comstock Act as an instrument to end reproductive freedom throughout the US.

The Comstock Act, the long-dead law Trump could use to ban abortion, explained

This is not at all far-fetched. A few months ago the GOP Arizona Supreme Court used an 1864 law to ban almost all abortions in the state.

A vote for Trump or his lickspittles in the GOP is a vote against reproductive freedom – including contraception. The only way to keep Republicans out of office is to vote Democratic.