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mcdonaldsnumberone · 3 years ago

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💐 BOUQUET - create a bouqet for them! what do those flowers mean? are any of the flowers their particular favourite?

🍁 MAPLE LEAF - what is their favourite season? why?

🌱 SEEDLING - what is their most vivid memory from childhood?

I’m a wee curious hehe

ask game: 💐 + 🍁 + 🌱

💐: gladiolus—despite the flower meaning strength and determination, it’s easy to think that solveig has neither. and it’s true: he can’t fight, he doesn’t have any magic, and he tends to hide behind others and manipulate them into doing the work for him. but he’s resolved to make the most of his time in this strange world, so he can become a better person and shine once he returns back home.

🍁: spring! it’s the prettiest season and the one filled with all sorts of flowers and nice things! solveig likes frolicking around, and it also is a nice opportunity for him to take pictures for his social media. his company strictly monitors what he can and can’t post, so he takes full advantage of magicam to do whatever he wants (even if it’s mostly him being vain after a selfie session).

🌱: idols in the modern world are the ones that captivate the attention of many. solveig doesn’t even remember the idol’s name or what they even looked like; all he remembers is being transfixed to the screen as if a spell had been cast on him. it’s a lofty goal, especially because the entertainment industry would never give a chance to an idol that can’t sing, but solveig’s determined to make it work.

💐: bird’s-foot trefoil—there is nothing yet everything carmine has to lose. his own livelihood and the fate of his homeland hinges on him, and knowing this, he only has hatred towards the folly of man. he’ll do whatever it takes, dirtying his hands and taking lives just like how mankind had taken his, to gain azul’s trust and find magic strong enough to turn back time: to a land before pollution, to land before corruption, to a land before tragedy.

🍁: younger carmine had no preference for the seasons, but now, carmine’s slightly partial towards winter. humans stay in their own places when it’s cold outside, and they’re less likely to stir up trouble where they’re not wanted. he doesn’t actually care for the season outside of that reason though, and as long as he can do as he pleases, the weather really isn’t a problem for him.

🌱: carmine’s home is nothing short of paradise: merfolk live in harmony within the coral reef. magic flows beautifully through the area, nourishing the ecosystem and making sure everyone is accounted for. the happiness and comfort carmine felt is near and dear to his heart, explaining the reason as to why he decided to turn to such an extreme to save his home.

💐: iris—lupus has nothing but hope to cling to. the person dearest to her has been snatched away twice: once nearly by death and second by the one who she believes gave her family another chance. she believes that for the sake of everything she loves, lupus has to have faith in agnus’ words, and she holds onto the hope that her sister is alive and well, thanks to the sacrifice she made to be agnus’ partner.

🍁: summer is the season furthest from winter, and that is all that matters to lupus. summer is warm and inviting, and there’s plenty of food to go around without needing to squabble over it. summer is a time of plentitude, as autumn is too close to winter for lupus’ own comfort. it can get a little hot though, but she can live with it.

🌱: any happy moment with her younger sister is what lupus treasures the most. their lives were tough, with lupus having to fight tooth and nail to scavenge and keep herself and her sister alive, but thanks to this, lupus has grown to cherish these close moments more than she would have had she had a normal life. in that vein though, the moments when her sister drew nearer to death is also engraved heavily in her mind, which is why she took agnus’ extended hand to begin with.

#twisted wonderland mc #twst mc #twisted wonderland oc #twst oc #mac's circus gang #solveig yuuhime #carmine precioso #lupus mors #thank you for the ask!! im so sorry it took long to answer jHAUSDHGSDJ

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yaorong · 3 years ago

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3 points to pay attention to in LED plant light tissue culture lighting

Now growers will choose to use LED plant lights to fill light. Because the growth of plants can be affected by the control and adjustment of LED plant li.ghts to achieve the effect that growers want, LED plant lights are one of the most important conditions in tissue culture lighting, mainly from light quality, light intensity, light cycle, etc. aspect:

Light quality

The light quality of LED plants lights has a significant effect on the induction of callus, the proliferation of cultured tissues and the differentiation of organs. Like lily bulbs, cultured under red light, the callus differentiated after 8 weeks. The callus will appear only after several weeks of culture under blue light.

15 days after inoculation with gladiolus bulbs, shoots were cultivated under blue light, and the formed seedlings grew vigorously, and the seedlings were slender under white light. The light quality of LED plants lights also has a certain impact on the growth of tissue cultured seedlings. Studies like carnations show that different wavelengths of light play different roles in tissue culture. Blue light helps induce the production of lateral buds and increase protein content. Red light can promote the growth and neat growth of buds.

White light is beneficial to the growth and development of tissue cultured seedlings, with the highest biological yield, followed by red light; blue light promotes the increase of reducing sugar content in stems and leaves, but has little effect on total sugar; white light can also increase the synthesis of chlorophyll. Fan Cihui et al. found that gladiolus globules emerge earlier under blue light than under white light and red light, the seedlings grow vigorously, and the root system is strong; the seedlings are slender under white light, and the number of seedlings under red light is small.

Red light induced callus induction and growth of lily and mung bean better than self-light. If you can consciously apply these LED plant light quality effects to the large-scale production of seedlings, you can achieve the purpose of energy saving and increase production.

Light intensity

Tissue culture LED plant light intensity has an important impact on cell proliferation and organ differentiation. From the current research situation, light intensity has a significant effect on cells and the initial division of cells. , The light is strong, the seedlings grow stout, and the light is weak, the seedlings grow easily. In plant tissue culture, external carbon sources are mainly used as energy sources, and light is mainly used to meet the needs of plant morphology.

The light intensity of LED plant light of 300～500lx can be guaranteed, but for most flowers, 2000～3000 1x is more suitable. In the rooting stage, in order to make the rooting seedlings grow strong and adapt to the field environment as soon as possible, it is necessary to appropriately increase the intensity of the LED plant light to 3000~5000lx, or even 10000lx. If a higher concentration of CO2 is added, the photosynthesis of the seedlings can be enhanced, forcing them to change from heterotrophic to autotrophic, so that the tissue cultured seedlings can grow more robustly.

In order to save costs, in the construction and design of the tissue culture room, you can consider making full use of daylight. "Rooms with better lighting are used as cultivation rooms, and rooms with poor or dark light are used as reagent rooms and cultivation rooms. Some people use greenhouses as cultivation rooms and have also achieved better cultivation results. Using natural light as a light source can reduce Cost of production.

At the same time, since natural light is generally stronger than fluorescent lamps, the cultivated seedlings are relatively short, although the plants grow under strong light. It is relatively slow and slightly green, but due to the accumulation of carbohydrates, the tissue is full and it is easy to adapt to the external environment, and the teleportation survival rate is high.

If it is only beneficial to natural light, it will be greatly affected by the weather. On the one hand, the number of layers and columns in the room and floor are not evenly exposed to light. On the other hand, in clear and cloudless weather, excessive sunlight can burn the seedlings and even die. It is necessary to use thin curtains for proper shading; but under continuous rainy conditions and insufficient light, the seedlings will be weak and long. Fluorescent lights must be installed on all cultivation racks. It needs to be flexibly adjusted to the prevailing weather conditions.

Light period

When the test-tube shoots are cultured in vitro, a certain light-dark cycle is used for tissue culture. The most commonly used time periods are 16 hours bright and 8 hours dark. Studies have shown that organs and tissues of varieties that are sensitive to short sunlight are prone to differentiation under short sunlight. Callus produced under long sunlight sometimes needs to be cultured in the dark, especially the callus of some plants is darker. Light.

Okay, like callus of safflower and black ash. For most plants, 14-16 hours of LED plant light illumination and 8-10 hours of darkness can meet the needs of growth and development. However, different plants and different cultivation purposes sometimes have certain differences. The 12h LED plant light cycle is suitable for chrysanthemum tuber seedlings. Geranium bulimia callus induces bud formation, 15-16h light produces the most buds. If 24h light, the callus cannot turn green and can not produce buds; under 16-18h light, morning glory stem meristem can grow The formation of small plant wipes does not require light all day; under 16h light and long-term darkness, the taro leaves are cut into leaves and seedlings.

In addition, the LED plant light cycle also has a significant impact on the formation and induction of flower buds. Some plants need dark culture during the callus induction period, and light during the differentiation bud stage, such as gladiolus; carnations need dark culture a few days before the cultivation, and then transfer to normal culture, which is conducive to the occurrence of callus; some photosensitive varieties Flower bud differentiation can be induced under light conditions and time.

Advantages of LED plant lights in tissue culture

1. It can be well used in tissue culture, and can be illuminated at close range to provide sufficient light to plants;

2. The wavelength can be customized, which can replace high-pressure sodium lamps, halogen lamps, and fluorescent lamps with 3-5 times the power, saving 80% of electric energy;

3. Long service life, up to 50,000 hours;

4. The ratio of lamp beads can be freely matched to meet the needs of different plants and different growth stages;

5. It can control the growth rate of plants and predict the maturity time of the market;

6. LED plant light is a kind of energy-saving, environmentally friendly and efficient plant growth light.

7. The heat emitted is much lower than traditional plant growth lamps.

8. No standard power socket connectors for drivers or cooling fans are required.

9. Promote early maturity of plants, increase production, and improve the quality of melons and fruits;

10. Ensure the taste of vegetables in greenhouses and realize off-season cultivation;

11. Inhibit the reproduction of germs and pests, and make it green without pollution.

An innovative cultivation method in tissue culture, LED plant lights are also the trend of indoor planting and supplementary light demand. With the continuous progress and development of technology, the two will definitely be perfectly combined to bring better results.

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inevitablesurrender · 4 years ago

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A still very early purple passionflower seedling, but no complaints.

Cut for more pictures of recent plant adventures.

These be “strawberry spinach” seedlings. I’d never even heard of the plant before, so naturally I had to try it. Fruit and leaves that are edible? Sure, why not.

After the absolute madness of repotting yesterday, here are my big citrus bois in bigger (and heavier, haaaa) pots. I... hadn’t realized the lemon tree had gotten quite that tall now that the flowering branch is properly staked. I was absolutely terrified of hurting them and was as careful as possible with the roots, but I won’t stop being nervous for a week or so.

As for the pot behind the citrus trees, the housemate’s gerbera daisy plant pretty much died. I mean, it’s clearly being reincarnated here, because all of the leaves finally wilted and died and I pulled out all of the dead stuff about ready to give up hope... then there was a tiny speck of green. How the the hell it survived enough to get to this stage is beyond me, but I’ll keep it watered.

So the albion strawberry’s doing well. And will probably be a tiny nightmare soon, but I encourage that in my fruit plants.

Also quick info: all of the white dust on leaves and dirt is diatomaceous earth because Boy Do We Have Ants Right Now. It does no harm to animals or flying insects, just the crawly bastards I’m currently at war with.

As for these heavy bastards. I let my friend Kevin name them, so Ethel’s on the left and Tom’s on the right. The root ball... for these... just... I understand it’s supposed to be a compact root system and lots of branches and tomatoes. I do. But the root ball was like a dozen coconut fiber mats combined and I spent the better part of a fucking hour trying to separate them enough so that I could get the plants in separate pots. And still I needed a four foot lawn stake for one of them and that one branch is just... not having it, so fine. Fine. I tried. I still had to wrestle them upright into new pots and by the time I was done I was covered with sweat and dirt but I did the thing. I desperately hope they’ll survive, but they’ve been getting a lot of extra water today to reestablish the roots, and they have some slow-release fertilizer specifically for root growth so I will just... hope. A lot. And water some more.

The mandevilla is still adjusting to new pot life and I’m still learning its sun and water needs, but there is a lot of new growth. And apparently no one has a small trellis. I may make one myself, we’ll see.

Someone took a single bit out of the lily. Not pictured: the “maybe mildly excessive” amount of red pepper flakes I sprinkled all around it. But, good news...

I got to sprinkle more red pepper flakes around a second emerging lily. ...No sign of the one I planted between these two yet, but hey.

Not pictured: the gladiolus sprouts, because they’re... kind of just like giant blades of grass right now.

#yammering #yammering with pictures

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michipeachiii · 5 years ago

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SO just helped me put my seedlings in starter pots. Last night I put sage and lavender in my lil greenhouse. Today I planted some sunflowers, marigold, zinnia, and basil. We’ll see how they germinate and based on that I may start some more seeds.

I think the current plan is to line our sidewalk right before our front steps with tulips. I won’t start those until later this week. And towards the curb I might go with sunflowers, not sure yet though. I still have some gladiolus bulbs left over too. We might play around and maybe make a circle of flowers around one our trees or something.

#house stuff

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mn-o-plants · 5 years ago

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My beans are exciting, the peas are getting long also. Can't wait to see their cute flowers. Some of my favorite.

The gladiolus is starting to push out the blooms!

And the habanaro is thriving also. All this rain and sun has great for them. Except for the seedlings.

7/1/19

#grow #garden #yield #plants #peppers #flowers

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bethestaryouareradio · 6 years ago

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Growing Wisdom

by Cynthia Brian

“Never does nature say one thing and wisdom another.” Juvenal

Excited about the glorious weather at the beginning of May, I spent two days getting out the patio furniture from storage, washing it thoroughly, and adding fresh, comfy pads to the chaises and chairs. My husband power-washed the patio on Mother’s Day as I hung the double hammocks and finished the outdoor decorating in preparation for family barbecues and garden gatherings. My entire landscape had exploded with magnificent blooms of roses, azaleas, rhododendrons, bearded iris, peonies, pelargoniums, sedums, and African daisies. The horse chestnut and locust trees were laden with cascades of white flowers while lavender and jasmine scented the air with the fragrance of heaven. My weather app reported sprinkles on the horizon but Mother Nature had torrential rains planned. As the gray skies opened and the downpours continued, I scrambled to store the furniture, pads, and hammocks under our awnings and in the shed, but not before everything, including me, was drenched. Another lesson learned…we can’t stop the rain…nor do we want to.

Actually, I am always happy when it rains as my garden gets a big drink of life-giving liquid. In those weeks of warm sunshine, the ground had quickly dried out, making it difficult to weed, to plant, and to dig out my rocks that had been buried in the winter mud. This wet weather provided another opportunity to get my chores done more easily albeit wearing a semi-waterproof hat and jacket.

The seeds scattered in April never sprouted. I’m not sure if they drowned or were washed away with the copious amounts of rain or if the birds dined on them. I decided to buy seedlings of tomatoes, peppers, zucchini, and cucumbers and try once again to sow seeds of beets, carrots, arugula, lettuce, and beans. Several gallons of boxwoods were also purchased to replace the dead ones in my hedge. It’s hard to resist buying truckloads of plants when everything is so enticing. As I grow wiser, my rule is to only buy what I can personally plant within my time limits. It’s a good rule for anyone to follow.

As you start planning your spring and summer planting, remember the garden design guide of planting in odd numbers: groupings of three, five, seven (or more) plants help to create a more natural and aesthetically pleasing look to the human eye. To achieve this, plant the same variety of flowers in each odd grouping, or create color blocks with several similar varieties.

For fragrance, pollinators, and beauty add lavender to your garden in full sun and well-drained soil. Lavender doesn’t like soggy soil so plant slightly above the soil surface so the water drains away. Lavender makes an excellent companion plant to roses, controlling the nasty pests and attracting the beneficial insects. When planting your roses, give them breathing room because when roses are crowded they become susceptible to powdery mildew. Roses also need well-drained soil, compost, and natural fertilizers. As blossoms fade, deadhead the stems to ensure continued blooms through winter. Together roses and lavender make a sweeping sight.

My favorite old-fashioned peonies are blooming and available to purchase and plant in full sun. Peonies offer gorgeous flowers in a multitude of colors and shades and their foliage will add structure to your garden until they die back in winter. Peonies are perennial and will probably outlive all of us.

It’s time to plant summer blooming bulbs: gladiolus, crocosmia, dahlias, begonias, and lilies. Crocosmia, also known as firecracker plant blooms all summer in fiery shades of red, orange, and yellow. It requires little care and combines well with other ornamentals to create a beautiful scene in your yard. Crocosmia is also a magnet for hummingbirds and provides a vivid splash of color to containers. I like to gather them for my indoor arrangements as they are long-lasting as cut flowers. You’ll find a wide selection of summer bulbs at your favorite nursery and garden center.

Succulents are always a wise choice for drought areas. Sedum dendroideum is a shrub-like perennial plant with yellow blooms that attract bees. It thrives in warm weather, doesn’t need much water, and continues to expand in size. You can cut off pieces and plant in other areas to create a succulent hedge. The deer will eat its fleshy stems so it is not a good specimen in areas where the animals roam.

Every day I learn something new in the garden, usually by the mistakes I unwittingly make. I’m excited about the forthcoming summer yet I am reveling in this spring season that has included plenty of rain. The more I rake, dig, weed, plant, sweep, and mulch, the more I grow wisdom.

Cynthia Brian’s Gardening Guide for June CUT back daffodils, tulips, hyacinths, bluebells, freesias, and other bulbs once the leaves have turned crispy yellow. ADD companion plantings of Oriental poppies, alliums, delphiniums, daylilies, salvias, and peonies. RESCUE newly hatched nestlings without feathers that have fallen out of their prematurely by putting them back in the nest, if reachable. If you find baby birds with feathers on the ground, leave them along. The parents of these fledglings are probably nearby bringing them food before they learn to fly. PLANT summer blooming bulbs including gladiolus, crocosmia, dahlias, begonias, and lilies. Plant the bulb pointy side up, but if you are not sure, plant your bulbs sideways and they’ll find their way to the surface. ADD risers to sprinkler heads in boxwood hedges that are too short to eliminate death by drowning. Boxwoods don’t like too much water. FILL bird feeders with fresh seed. CLEAN patio furniture (maybe again) in preparation for warm weather. SHARPEN lawn mower blades. WEED, weed, weed. With the ground is still moist, this is an opportune time to do round three of weeding so that the plants you love will get more water and nutrients to survive the summer. READ the Guide to Wildfire Preparedness and Evacuation. It is essential that every family create a plan. For information on what you can do in your landscape to help protect your home from wildfires, read Firescaping: https://www.lamorindaweekly.com/archive/issue1305/Digging-Deep-with-Cynthia-Brian-for-May-FireScaping.html

Happy Gardening. Happy Growing!

Read more and view photos: https://www.lamorindaweekly.com/archive/issue1307/Digging-Deep-with-Cynthia-Brian-Growing-wisdom.html

Cynthia Brian, The Goddess Gardener, raised in the vineyards of Napa County, is a New York Times best-selling author, actor, radio personality, speaker, media and writing coach as well as the Founder and Executive Director of Be the Star You Are1® 501 c3. Tune into Cynthia’s Radio show and order her books at www.StarStyleRadio.com.

Buy a copy of her new books, Growing with the Goddess Gardener and Be the Star You Are! Millennials to Boomers at www.cynthiabrian.com/online-store.

Hire Cynthia for projects, consults, and lectures. [email protected]

www.GoddessGardener.com

#May gardens •rainweeds wisdom gardening cynthiabrian starstyle goddessGardener growingwiththegoddessgardener lamorindaweekly

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inevitablesurrender · 5 years ago

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In case I’m ever wondering why my eyes are terribly irritated “all of a sudden”... So yeah, hey, it spring. The columbine looks way happier and healthier than I expected it to. And in the side and back yard, we already have a bunch of little purple flowers in the grass. The gladiolus bulbs might be breaking through the dirt right now, but it’s impossible to tell for sure what the tiny green tips are. We’ll see.

Starting to become suspicious of the chipmunks, though. They’ve been running around the yard, no big deal since they tend to leave the plants alone, but today one climbed right up the back stairs and explored the deck. Still no big deal since they left before I went outside to repot the succulents and check on plants... except that they came back later and somehow, by some miracle, managed to climb-leap their way onto the deck railing. Happily running back and forth until a cardinal swooped in and spooked them off. Wildlife.

...Ordered some herb seeds. ...Local (mostly) strawberry seeds are on the way. ...Gonna go check out the tiny nursery just down the road from us later in the week. ...The larger local nursery (with all the vegetable starts I had to ignore last year) probably next week. ...Got 16 purple passionflower seedlings in various stages of starting. ...Someone stop me.

#yammering #yammering with pictures

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goddessgardener · 6 years ago

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Growing Wisdom

by Cynthia Brian

“Never does nature say one thing and wisdom another.” Juvenal

Happy Gardening. Happy Growing!

Read more and view photos: https://www.lamorindaweekly.com/archive/issue1307/Digging-Deep-with-Cynthia-Brian-Growing-wisdom.html

Buy a copy of her new books, Growing with the Goddess Gardener and Be the Star You Are! Millennials to Boomers at www.cynthiabrian.com/online-store.

Hire Cynthia for projects, consults, and lectures. [email protected]

www.GoddessGardener.com

#https://www.lamorindaweekly.com/archive/issue1307/Digging-Deep-with-Cynthia-Brian-Growing-wisdom.html #•rainweeds wisdom gardening cynthiabrian starstyle goddessGardener growingwiththegoddessgardener lamorindaweekly

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christinaeatock-blog · 7 years ago

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wendyimmiller · 4 years ago

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The Domoto Legacy: Plants and Immigration

Such was the size of the nursery operation that the San Francisco Call Bulletin in 1913 called the Domoto Brothers Nursery the largest in the state. Photo Credit: https://50objects.org/object/the-domoto-maple-bonsai-part-i/

We are pleased to present Eric Hsu’s first Guest Rant.

When I was growing up, the narrative of North American horticulture, especially ornamental horticulture, was through the prism of a Euro-centric, if not Anglophilic lens. It was not through the perspective of an immigrant one. There was little or no acknowledgment of horticultural legacy that immigrants left in the U.S., even in the annals of horticultural history in my university curriculum. What I learned instead was how early American botanists and nurserymen fulfilled the British hunger for New World plants, especially its trees and shrubs in the 18th century, or the popularity of Japanese plants was closely tied to the Japonisme, the craze for Japanese arts and culture in western Europe and United States. Whether for the prevailing xenophobic attitudes, lack of documentation, or its perceived irrelevance in history, the contributions of immigrant communities have not been acknowledged consistently in a significant way. Last year on my trip to visit gardens and nurseries in the Bay Area, I learned that the old greenhouse ranges we spotted in Richmond were once used for growing roses and carnations. The greenhouses had a sad, forlorn, look of what once had been thriving businesses, although the glimpse of a few roses growing and flowering against such adversity was a bright moment. However, it scarcely occurred to me to connect these greenhouses with the Japanese American community.

Toichi Domoto set up his 26-acre nursery across the San Francisco Bay in Hayward after returning from his studies at University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign in 1926. He would continue the rest of his life at the nursery, devoted to breeding camellias, tree peonies, and flowering quince (Chaenomeles). Photo Credit: Courtesy of Domoto Family from A Japanese-American Nurseryman’s Life in California: Floriculture and Family, 1883-1992.

Asian immigrants, especially Japanese Americans, in California oversaw farms and nurseries because these economic endeavors thought to be less threatening to whites. In Northern California, the East Bay and the current ‘Silicon Valley’ (San Mateo, Mountain View, Redwood City), became the hubs for these horticultural businesses since real estate was (and still is today) expensive in San Francisco. With its sunny days and cool nights, the climate was ideal for growing plants. In addition, the expansion of the railroad system in the region meant convenient and direct links to San Francisco where sales were conducted.

Kanetaro Domoto, the co-proprietor of the Domoto Brothers Nursery and father of Toichi Domoto, immigrated with his brothers from Wakayama, Japan and purchased land for the nursery in 1902. Kanetaro and his brothers were able to own land before the Alien Land of 1913, which forbade immigrants from property ownership, took effect. Photo Credit: Courtesy of Domoto Family from https://50objects.org/object/the-domoto-maple-bonsai-part-i/

Among the Japanese American nurseries in the Bay Area that caught my attention was the largest and most influential one, the Domoto Nursery. Whereas other nurseries were largely preoccupied with growing cut flowers like chrysanthemums, roses, and carnations, the Domoto Nursery was one of the few concentrating on ornamental plants for gardens and landscapes. It too was a major conduit through which plants new to American horticulture were introduced and popularized. Kanetaro and Takanoshin Domoto, the two brothers who immigrated from Wakayama, Japan, had started the business in 1885. The Domoto Nursery soon gained the nickname ‘Domoto College’ for the multitude of young men trained and employed there before opening their businesses as well. At its height, the nursery spanned 40 acres; the San Francisco Call in February 1912 noted that the greenhouses covered 230,000 square feet and the shed 300,000 square feet. The economic woes of the Great Depression severely affected the Domoto Nursery, leading to its foreclosure and its re-possession of the land in 1936 by the city of Oakland. If Kanetaro was concerned about the nursery’s legacy consigned to anonymity of time, he hadn’t need to worry. His eldest son Toichi carried on the family tradition, cementing the Domoto name farther into history.

Nursery and Seed Trade Catalog Collection

Raised in the family business from a young age, Toichi never envisioned that he would follow his father into the same profession. He had gone to Stanford University in 1921 to study mechanical engineering, but later transferred to University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign for horticulture. Toichi had realized that career opportunities outside of the agricultural and horticultural industry were limited to those of Asian ancestry. Reflecting upon his childhood among the plants, he said matter-of-factly, if not a bit resignedly: “For me that’s all there was to do. When I was small, I played in the Domoto Bros nursery. As I grew up in the nursery. Later I started my nursery.”

Among the plants that the Domoto Brothers Nursery grew and sold were more than 200 varieties of chrysanthemum. The woodprint illustration of this pink and white chrysanthemum is from the Japanese nursery, which the Domoto Brothers Nursery used to import plants regularly for their business. Photo Credit: USDA National Agricultural Library’s Henry G. Gilbert Nursery and Seed Trade Catalog Collection

When Toichi returned to California in 1926 after college, he purchased 26 acres in Hayward to start his nursery. The site was ideal for its water and fertile soil while the real estate prices were affordable. Through a series of bartering for building materials and plants and financing from the principal, Toichi slowly built his nursery from the ground up (during the Depression, he had less than three dollars some days to feed his family from his selling gladiolus flowers in San Francisco; food was scarce). However, the nursery’s development was sadly interrupted when the US President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed the Executive Order 9066 that ordained the internment of German, Italian, and Japanese Americans in camps. Sensing the imminent arrival of authorities for their forced relocation, the Domotos left the nursery in the care of an employee and moved inland to Livingston in hopes of delaying their inevitable transfer to the camp. Eventually the family was split up, with some in Amache Relocation Center in Colorado and a few returning to Japan. His father, already broken emotionally from the foreclosure of Domoto Nursery, later died at camp, as did another uncle who had been relocated to Milwaukee. Released momentarily through a sympathetic camp administrator, Toichi had to pay a guard to escort their ashes to the family gravesite in California.

The 1896 catalog of Domoto Brothers Nursery featuring ‘Pride of Japan’, which features roses, chrysanthemums, pelargoniums, palms and ferns, tree peonies etc. in its pages. Photo Credit: USDA National Arboretum Agricultural Library’s Henry G. Gilbert Nursery and Seed Trade Catalog Collection.

With time for breeding and propagating squandered to internment, Toichi recovered what he had lost and reassumed the nursery work. Because anti-Japanese sentiment was still high after WWII, he was considerate of his presence affecting the business of the nurseries he sought for plants. The plant orders were retrieved early mornings before the nurseries were open for their customers; for instance, his truck would arrive promptly at 6 am to pick up the camellias from Nuccios Nurseries, which was a ten-hour round trip from Hayward to Altadena and back.

Toichi and Alice Domoto who married in August 1940. Together they had two children, Marilyn and Douglas. Marilyn later taught Japanese after doing a two-year study aboard program in Japan while at Stanford, and later studying it in Columbia. Douglas become a doctor based in St. Louis, Missouri. Courtesy of Domoto Family from A Japanese-American Nurseryman’s Life in California: Floriculture and Family, 1883-1992.

One silver lining of being away in internment camp was that the seedlings in the peony fields (5-acres) had matured and were flowering, allowing Toichi to evaluate and keep the promising ones. When Toichi began to concentrate on tree peonies, breeding them was still in its infancy. Although tree peonies could be easily bought from nurseries, they were largely imported from Japan and Europe where flowering plants could be bought inexpensively and marked up once arrived in US. The few people engaged in hybridizing and selecting tree peonies commenced their programs around the same time Toichi became interested; among them was Professor A.P Saunders, still regarded the most successful and prolific breeder of peonies who only named 1 percent of his seedlings, whom Toichi corresponded in letters. Saunders was encouraging of his efforts: ‘You’re a young man yet. Plant as many seeds as you can, and see what you get.” Another individual was Roy Klehm who graciously advised on propagation difficulties, especially with grafting since Toichi was experiencing problems with poor quality rootstocks. Klehm himself had visited the peony fields at the Hayward nursery. In addition to the tree peonies acquired from Japan, Toichi imported the yellow peonies from Victor Lemoine of Lorraine, France; Lemoine had crossed Paeonia lutea with Paeonia suffruticosa to broaden the color range and his cultivars, like ��Alice Harding’ and ‘Chromatella’ are still cultivated today. Most of the tree peonies today attributed to Toichi’s breeding were named and registered by Roy Klehm, but the best one ‘Toichi Ruby’ has won superlatives from tree peony fanciers for its rich rose red color, fragrance, and clean foliage.

Camellia reticulata ‘Captain Rawes’ was the first reticulata camellia introduced to Europe in 1820 and when the plant flowered a few years later, it was used as the type specimen to describe the species. Toichi Domoto was the first to import ‘Captain Rawes’ from the Hillier Nurseries, Winchester, UK, succeeding only on the second attempt with grafted plants.

Given their slow maturity and lengthy propagation, tree peonies alone were not lucrative for the nursery to sustain itself. Camellias became the bread and butter because they were becoming popular as plants and cut flowers (camellia corsages accounted for a portion of the nursery income during the first three to four years). One of Domoto’s significant introductions to US for his breeding was Camellia reticulata‘Captain Rawes’, which had been grown in Europe for over a century by that time. Imported from China by its namesake to UK, ‘Captain Rawes’ did not flower in a greenhouse until 1826. This plant became the type specimen (the sample that taxonomists use to describe a new species) on which the botanist John Lindley recognized Camellia reticulata in the Botanical Register (1827). In 1936, Domoto imported scions of ‘Captain Rawes’ from the Hiller Nurseries, Winchester, UK, but his grafts nearly all failed, forcing him to request another shipment of grafted plants instead. Seeing that the grafted plants from Hillier’s were side and whip grafts rather than the cleft grafts popular in US, Domoto broadened his perspective on grafting camellias. Reticulata camellias are uncommon in gardens, given their large size (plants can reach up to 50’ in the wild), propagation difficulties, and winter hardiness. When pressed for these camellias’ lack of popularity, Domoto remarked: ‘It’s a big flower, and it’s a rangy-looking plant. You really don’t get the full impact of these varieties until the plant gets good-sized, in order to make any show’. He had hoped to capitalize on their brief popularity but was unable to produce saleable plants in time. On the other hand, his work with the fall-flowering Camellia sasanqua was successful. Its smaller and tighter growth, evergreen foliage, and vibrant flower colors were attractive attributes that possessed enormous potential for good garden plants. ‘Dwarf Shishi’, a seedling of the well-known ‘Shisi-Gashira’, was acclaimed for its compact, slow growth and large dark pink flowers.

The camellia listings by color in Domoto Nursery (Hayward) wholesale list. Photo Credit: USDA National Arboretum Agricultural Library’s Henry G. Gilbert Nursery and Seed Trade Catalog Collection.

Toichi continued to work with camellias throughout his life, and one of his lifelong friendships was with Julius Nuccio, the co-proprietor of Nuccios’ Nurseries in Altadena, California. Julius and his brother Joe were Italian Americans who developed a burgeoning interest in azaleas and camellias from their parents’ back garden into a full-fledged 40-acre nursery. Julius and Toichi had met through a mutual friend who was a train express messenger fanatical about camellias. When Julius and his wife traveled up to San Francisco, Toichi and Alice would entertain them at their home –likewise the Nuccios would reciprocate the hospitality in Los Angeles. Decades later Toichi still recalls the boisterous Italian American dinner that Julius’s mother had prepared, calling it the best Italian dinner he and his wife had eaten. When pressed for possible cultural misunderstandings between the Japanese Americans and Italian Americans, Toichi acknowledged the potential for conflict, but pointed that both groups were on equal footing due to their mutual experiences they faced from discrimination. In fact, Julius’s childhood neighbors were Japanese, and there were frequent shared meals at each other homes. Today Nuccio’s Nurseries sells a seedling named after its namesake breeder ‘Toichi Domoto’, a formal double rose pink flower with dark pink stripes.

A selection of camellia flowers featured in the Domoto Nursery (Hayward) catalog. Photo Credit: USDA National Arboretum Agricultural Library’s Henry G. Gilbert Nursery and Seed Trade Catalog Collection.

Toichi’s friendship with the Nuccio family was reflective of his generous and sociable personality that made him an ascendant star in the Californian gardening scene. The respect accorded to his knowledge and ease of working with people were affirmed when in 1957 Domoto was appointed the president of the California Horticultural Society, which counted several influential Californian horticulturists and nursery people among its members. Some of these members included Walter Bosworth (W.B.) Clarke whose breeding, selection, and propagation of woody plants, like his namesake Prunus mume and magnolias at the San Jose nursery enriched gardens, San Francisco-based plantsman and nurseryman Victor Reiter of Geranium pratense ‘Midnight Reiter’, Golden Gate Park director Roy Hudson and director of Strybing Arboretum (now SF Botanical Garden) Eric Walther. The society was formed to gather and compare information on hardiness after the Great Freeze of 1932, which caused widespread losses of specimen plants and collections in gardens. At the jovial society meetings, the members would bring in new plants, discuss their growing requirements and their use in gardens and parks. Domoto provided valuable insights as he was outside of the cool ‘fog belt’ of San Francisco where some members resided, and he stepped in with specimen plants for the society’s annual exhibit at the Oakland Spring Garden Show. The Californian Horticultural Society (https://calhortsociety.org) still exists and holds their monthly meetings at the San Francisco County Fair Building.

If there was one social activity that Toichi refrained from partaking, it was visiting the gardens of his customers, many of whom were wealthy and enthusiastic about plants. He felt strongly that gardens were private domains, not vehicles for ego: “[A] person puts a garden in and you don’t like to have every Tom, Dick and Harry. The thing is, that the people that you should like to have come in are the ones that respect that. The ones that you would just as soon not come in are the most brazen that come in.” The one garden that Toichi did have a close professional relationship with was the country estate of Mr. William P. Roth and Mrs. Lurline Matson Roth, heiress to the Matson Navigation Company, Filoli. Enlisted by the previous owners the Bourns who had built the estate, the landscape designer Bruce Porter already had laid out the formal garden between 1917 and 1922; Isabella Worn the horticulturist oversaw the plantings and their maintenance. When Mrs. Roth later became more interested in azaleas, camellias, and rhododendrons, she had Worn visit Domoto Brothers and later Toichi’s Hayward nursery to select and pick up plants. It was through Toichi on his first visit to Filoli did Mrs. Roth reveal her desire to see Filoli preserved as a public garden. Mrs. Roth’s confession and acknowledgement of her mortality may have encouraged him to consider the future of his nursery.

When Toichi realized that his two children, Marilyn and Douglas, were not interested in inheriting the nursery, he began to downsize his business by phasing out his nursery stock. Several dozen camellia seedlings were sent to Nuccio’s Nurseries for evaluation. Downsizing the nursery proved wise because he was able to relax unburdened and maintain his passions in breeding plants. His energies never faltered into his nonagenerian years, although health issues later forced more confinement in bed at home. Every morning at 5 am, he would wake up and go about his routine watering, feeding the cats, reading the newspapers and magazines.

Toichi Domoto captured during the 1992 oral interview, graciously funded by his colleagues and oversaw by the oral history recorder Suzanne Riess. A Japanese-American Nurseryman’s Life in California: Floriculture and Family, 1883-1992.

For someone who experienced racial and societal injustices, Toichi Domoto was remarkably gracious and optimistic. He betrayed no hint of anger or bitterness when reflecting on his significant achievement, which was anything but horticultural:

“Having gotten along with my friends in life, and having gained their respect. I feel that more than anything else, human relations…But the fact that I got to know certain people real well, intimately, so that regardless of their color or race or religion, I knew them as a person, I think that was—those are the two things that I really cherish more than anything else.”

Domoto poignantly added: “When you are out working with plants and flowers, you can’t have hate in your heart.”

Eric Hsu is a writer (his blog is www.plinthetal.com) and gardener with interests in bulbs and woody plants; in addition he is the plant information coordinator at Chanticleer.

Growing Community: Pioneers of the Japanese American Floral Industry. Retrieved August 1, 2020 from www.janurseries.com

Toichi Domoto, “A Japanese-American Nurseryman’s Life in California: Floriculture and Family, 1883-1992,” an oral history conducted in 1992 by Suzanne B. Riess, Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, 1993.

Nuccio. J. (1995). A tribute to Toichi Domoto. The Camellia Review 57(2): 10-11.

Schmidt, W. (1969). Toichi Domoto, Nurseryman: Over sixty years’ experience with flowers. California Horticultural Journal 30: 66-73.

Ukai, N. (n.d.). The Domoto Maple: Bonsai Part I. Retrieved August 4, 2020, from The Domato Maple: Bonsai: Part I.

The Domoto Legacy: Plants and Immigration originally appeared on GardenRant on August 12, 2020.

The post The Domoto Legacy: Plants and Immigration appeared first on GardenRant.

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Text

The Domoto Legacy: Plants and Immigration

Such was the size of the nursery operation that the San Francisco Call Bulletin in 1913 called the Domoto Brothers Nursery the largest in the state. Photo Credit: https://ift.tt/3gSpNq5

Nursery and Seed Trade Catalog Collection

One silver lining of being away in internment camp was that the seedlings in the peony fields (5-acres) had matured and were flowering, allowing Toichi to evaluate and keep the promising ones. When Toichi began to concentrate on tree peonies, breeding them was still in its infancy. Although tree peonies could be easily bought from nurseries, they were largely imported from Japan and Europe where flowering plants could be bought inexpensively and marked up once arrived in US. The few people engaged in hybridizing and selecting tree peonies commenced their programs around the same time Toichi became interested; among them was Professor A.P Saunders, still regarded the most successful and prolific breeder of peonies who only named 1 percent of his seedlings, whom Toichi corresponded in letters. Saunders was encouraging of his efforts: ‘You’re a young man yet. Plant as many seeds as you can, and see what you get.” Another individual was Roy Klehm who graciously advised on propagation difficulties, especially with grafting since Toichi was experiencing problems with poor quality rootstocks. Klehm himself had visited the peony fields at the Hayward nursery. In addition to the tree peonies acquired from Japan, Toichi imported the yellow peonies from Victor Lemoine of Lorraine, France; Lemoine had crossed Paeonia lutea with Paeonia suffruticosa to broaden the color range and his cultivars, like ‘Alice Harding’ and ‘Chromatella’ are still cultivated today. Most of the tree peonies today attributed to Toichi’s breeding were named and registered by Roy Klehm, but the best one ‘Toichi Ruby’ has won superlatives from tree peony fanciers for its rich rose red color, fragrance, and clean foliage.

The camellia listings by color in Domoto Nursery (Hayward) wholesale list. Photo Credit: USDA National Arboretum Agricultural Library’s Henry G. Gilbert Nursery and Seed Trade Catalog Collection.

Domoto poignantly added: “When you are out working with plants and flowers, you can’t have hate in your heart.”

Eric Hsu is a writer (his blog is www.plinthetal.com) and gardener with interests in bulbs and woody plants; in addition he is the plant information coordinator at Chanticleer.

Growing Community: Pioneers of the Japanese American Floral Industry. Retrieved August 1, 2020 from www.janurseries.com

Nuccio. J. (1995). A tribute to Toichi Domoto. The Camellia Review 57(2): 10-11.

Schmidt, W. (1969). Toichi Domoto, Nurseryman: Over sixty years’ experience with flowers. California Horticultural Journal 30: 66-73.

Ukai, N. (n.d.). The Domoto Maple: Bonsai Part I. Retrieved August 4, 2020, from The Domato Maple: Bosai: Part I

The Domoto Legacy: Plants and Immigration originally appeared on GardenRant on August 12, 2020.

The post The Domoto Legacy: Plants and Immigration appeared first on GardenRant.

from GardenRant https://ift.tt/2PNCir0

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