#giant emerald pill-millipede
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artifacts-and-arthropods · 16 days ago
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Giant Emerald Pill-Millipede: when these enormous millipedes are all rolled up, their bodies can be as big as a baseball, a tennis ball, or a small orange
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This species (Zoosphaerium neptunus) is commonly known as a giant emerald pill-millipede. The females can measure up to 90mm long (roughly 3.5 inches), making this the largest species of pill-millipede in the world.
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There is a significant degree of sexual dimorphism in this species, with the males measuring only about 45mm (1.8 inches) long -- roughly half the size of the females.
Giant emerald pill-millipedes are found only in Madagascar, which is home to several endemic species of giant pill-millipedes (order Sphaerotheriida). The Malagasy name for giant pill-millipedes is "Tainkintana," which means "shooting-star."
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Pill-millipedes use conglobation as a defense mechanism, which means that they can curl their bodies up into a spherical shape so that their dorsal plates form a protective shield around the softer, more vulnerable parts of their bodies, just like an actual pill-bug or a "roly-poly."
When they roll themselves up completely, they look almost like gently polished chunks of malachite, emerald, or jade.
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Giant emerald pill-millipedes will sometimes form large swarms that travel together as a group. This is the only species of giant pill-millipede that engages in any sort of swarming behavior, and the purpose of that behavior is still unclear. The swarms often contain thousands of individuals, with almost all of them moving in the same direction, even when there is no physical contact that might allow the millipedes to "herd" one another along.
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Their swarming behavior also has some very peculiar features, as this article explains:
During swarming, Zoosphaerium neptunus individuals pay little attention to their surroundings; many specimens were observed walking straight into and drowning in small puddles. Some swarms even display ‘cliché lemming behaviour:' in Marojejy, a large part of a swarm walked into and drowned in a small river.
No single specimen was observed walking ‘against the current,' all specimens were moving in the same direction (southeast), even when not in contact with one another.
Of 273 randomly collected individuals, 105 were males, while 168 were females. The males were 8.3 - 14.1 mm wide (average width 10.4 mm). According to the inner horns of the posterior telopods, all males were sexually mature. The females were 9.95 - 15.4 mm wide (average width 11.4 mm). All females displayed non sclerotized vulvae and were sexually immature.
Some researchers argue that the swarming serves as a defense mechanism, providing a layer of protection (or at least some cryptic cover) against local predators, but the swarming behavior is still poorly understood.
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Important Note: I just want to remind everyone that these animals belong in their own natural habitat -- they should not be trapped, bought/sold, traded, shipped, collected, or kept as pets. This particular species does not survive well in captivity, either, and the demand for these "exotic" invertebrates is putting the wild populations in jeopardy. The previous article discusses those issues, too:
Another possible threat for Z. neptunus swarms are collections for the pet trade. There exists a large demand in Japan, Europe and North America for 'green -eyed monsters’ as pets. Giant pill -millipedes from Madagascar unfortunately have a very short survival time in terraria. The species is specialized on low-energy food (dead leaves), and adapted to the cool climates (<20°C) of the highlands. Specimens in terraria often starve to death quickly.
So I know that they're adorable and really, really fascinating...but let's just let them be their chunky, adorable little selves out in the wild where they belong.
Sources & More Info:
European Journal of Taxonomy: Seven New Giant Pill-Millipede Species and New Records of the Genus Zoosphaerium from Madagascar
Madagascar Conservation & Development: Swarming Behavior in the World's Largest Giant Pill-Millipede, Z. neptunus, and its Implication for Conservation Efforts
Bonn Zoological Bulletin Supplementum: The Giant Millipedes, Order Sphaerotheriida (an Annotated Species Catalogue) (PDF)
African Invertebrates: Madagascar's Living Giants: Discovery of Five New Species of Endemic Giant Pill-Millipedes from Madagascar (PDF)
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kestrels-and-katydids · 2 years ago
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Myriapoda Poll Round 3
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herpsandbirds · 1 year ago
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Giant Emerald Pill Millipede (Zoosphaerium neptunus), family Anthrosphaeridae, Alaotra-Mangoro, Toamasina, Madagascar
Photograph by Julien Renoult
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myrabbitistrying2killme · 7 months ago
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God may be real but he is also cruel bc tell me why I cannot go out and hug a giant emerald pill millipede rn. Tell me why I can’t hug the friend sized green pillbug with too many leggies. Explain urself. What was your thought process here. I am going to bite you.
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goldmanguyperson · 4 months ago
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animals i want to see in person:
giant african millipede
horseshoe crab
cicada (any)
giant emerald pill millipede
spiky isopod (any)
kiwi
big centipede (any)
house centipede (cant believe ive never seen one before)
lineolated parakeet
giant isopod
i really like big bug
thank you for reading my pointless list
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catwhisker · 2 years ago
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hi this is really specific but if you can, can you make a stim board thats isopod/millipede themed? id also like if you included african giant millipedes and madagascan emerald pill millipedes. also i know sone people are afriad of/uncomfortable with bugs so i understand if you dont do it. thank you :3 :D (sorry if im doing this wrong i havent made a stimboard request before)
hello!!! you requested perfectly, tysm!!
however, m gonna deny this one. not because am uncomfortable with bugs, but crawlers are a bit of a squick of mine, specifically the legs moving, so im having trouble getting gifs for this one.
m really sorry, feel free to send in any other requests you may have! ty either way for taking your time to send a request, it means a lot to me :3
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firelord-frowny · 3 years ago
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lmao i was talkin about bugs with my mamma and i managed to name over 100 bugs/arthropods that i’ve seen with my own eyes. i’m so proud of my bug-seeing. <3
big dipper firefly
brown chafer
japanese beetle
cucumber beetle
seven spotted ladybug
rove beetle
eastern hercules beetle
six spotted neolema beetle
brown marmorated stink bug
eastern leaf-footed bug
leaf hopper
dog day cicada
periodical cicada
waterboatmen
backswimmers
wheel bug
thread-legged assassin bug
pselliopus assassin bug
polyphemus moth
pandora sphinx moth
luna moth
tiger moth
snowy urola moth
hummingbird moth
nessus sphinx moth
somber carpet moth
wavy lined emerald moth (caterpillar)
eastern tent moth
eastern tent moth caterpillar
snowberry clearwing moth
monarch butterfly
tiger swallowtail butterfly
black swallowtail butterfly
zebra swallowtail butterfly
zebra wing butterfly
fiery skipper butterfly
silver spotted skipper butterfly
peck’s skipper butterfly
red admiral butterfly
red spotted purple admiral butterfly
cabbage white butterfly
common buckeye butterfly
chinese mantis
carolina mantis
field cricket
camel cricket
bush cricket/katydid
giant lubber grasshopper
american cockroach
german cockroach
oriental cockroach
carpenter ants
dobsonfly
widow skimmer dragonfly
red saddlebags dragonfly
black saddlebags dragonfly
autumn meadowhawk dragonfly
blue dasher dragonfly
ebony jewelwing damselfly
whitetail skimmer dragonfly
green darner dragonfly
earwig :(
pill millipede 
wood louse
house centipede 
mosquitos, duh
fruit flies, duh
robber flies
crane flies
picture-winged flies
cicada killer wasp
european hornet
bald faced hornet 
eastern paper wasp
european paper wasp
eastern yellowjacket
european yellowjacket
southern yellowjacket
red paper wasp 
common paper wasp
black and yellow mud dauber wasp 
common thread waisted wasp
cuckoo wasp
spider wasp
mason bee
european honey bee 
sweat bee 
eastern bumblebee
american bumblebee
carpenter bee 
four toothed mason wasp
carolina wolf spider gotDAMN those motherfuckers are ENORMOUS
crab spider
marbled orb weaver
black widow spider
cobweb spiders
cellar spiders
three spotted jumping spider
american giant millipede
northern walkingstick
planthopper
tiger bee fly
box elder bug
large milkweed bug
SO MANY BUGS TO SEE 
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futurebird · 2 years ago
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This is a hard one! Well first there are the springtails. So dainty and small, with their soft frosted coats. They are from the fairyland of the very small.
The beauty of nature is in the hustle and bustle of little creatures busy doing things. So of course we need some ants. The most remarkable looking ant are the turtle ants of the tropics.
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They are quite small generally less than 1cm long, but they are gentle and busy. One of the few ants that are herbivores. Next let's have a trail of leaf cutter ants!
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Look she brought you a flower! Do you like it? Don't hurt her feelings, chew it up into a paste and put it in your fungus garden! (Photos by Alex Wild. https://www.alexanderwild.com/Ants/Making-a-Living/The-Farming-Ants-Leafcutters/i-4nbT3p2/A )
How about some ants that jump? With beautiful big eyes?
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(Photo from: https://www.flickr.com/photos/mantodea/16547896872)
These ants will make eye contact with you and track you as you walk around. But they are very shy.
Last let's have some isopods and also some pill millepedes. Some have spikes!
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Look at this little one. These are the exoitic cousins of the pillbugs in your back yard. This next one? Is it an emerald? No! Another pillbug? No! It's a giant (but very short) millipede.
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(Photos from: https://www.flickr.com/photos/themagiccity/42939903105)
Can't wait to see what others share.
NOT counting the wings, which insect do you think is most beautiful? Not cute. Beautiful.
(Yes, wing cases count. It can't be for any pattern, it has to be for the shape of the insect itself.)
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kestrels-and-katydids · 2 years ago
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RESULTS ARE IN
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GIANT EMERALD PILL MILLIPEDES ARE THE WINNERS!
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kestrels-and-katydids · 2 years ago
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Myriapoda Poll Final Round!
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SHARE WITH YOUR FRIENDS TO FIND OUT TUMBLR'S TRUE FAVROITE BEAST <3
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kestrels-and-katydids · 2 years ago
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Myriapoda Poll Round 1
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extra cool stuff!
the phillip island centipede is a huge centipede that lives on the uninhabited norfolk islands. it's infamous for being one a few centipede species known to feed on vertebrates including birds.
the giant emerald pill millipede lives in madagascar and is the largest known pill millipede. although sharing many characteristics, pill millipedes and woodlice do not bear any close relation.
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kestrels-and-katydids · 2 years ago
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Myriapoda Poll Round 2
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kestrels-and-katydids · 2 years ago
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woo myriapoda poll bracket! <3
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ROUND ONE (sry this is just millipedes and centipedes; they're most popular and also the only ones i know)
The Persephone Millipede vs the Western Fire Centipede
The Phillip Island Centipede vs the Giant Emerald Pill Millipede
The Kentucky Flat Millipede (the aromatic cherry millipede) vs the Eastern Bark Centipede
The Kentish Pinhead/Boring Millipede vs the sierra luminous millipedes
The Giant African Millipede vs Hoffman's Dwarf Centipede
The House Centipede vs the Common Crytops Centipede
The (Lowveld) Leaftail Centipede vs the Pink Feather Boa Millipede
The Spotted Snake Millipede vs the Laos Waterfall Centipede
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ROUND TWO
The Persephone Millipede vs the Giant Emerald Pill Millipede
The Kentucky Flat Millipede (the aromatic cherry millipede) vs the Sierra luminous millipedes
The Giant African Millipede vs the House Centipede
The Pink Feather Boa Millipede vs the Spotted Snake Millipede
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ROUND THREE
The Giant Emerald Pill Millipede vs the Sierra luminous millipedes
The Giant African Millipede vs the Pink Feather Boa Millipede
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ROUND FOUR
The Giant Emerald Pill Millipede vs The Giant African Millipede
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WINNER: THE GIANT EMERALD PILL MILLIPEDE
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