#george boole

[stairnaheireann]

#OTD in Irish History | 2 November:

All Souls’ Day 1719 – The Toleration Act for Protestant Dissenters is passed. 1752 – Philip Twisden, Bishop of Raphoe and son-in-law of the politician Thomas Carter, dies bankrupt on this date, having been shot while allegedly masquerading as a highwayman. 1795 – Birth of William Grattan Tyrone Power, known professionally as Tyrone Power, was an Irish stage actor, comedian, author and theatrical…

[lindahall]

George Boole – Scientist of the Day

George Boole, an English mathematician, was born Nov. 2, 1815, in Lincoln, Lincolnshire, in the north of England.

read more...

[lligkv]

It's my birthday today, which always feels like a time to take account. The last month or two, I've endeavored to channel spates of low mood into the reasonably productive activity of reading, rather than mere vegetation, and I've had good success. I just finished Mircea Cărtărescu's Solenoid—a long novel about a lonely weirdo in communist Romania reckoning with existential dread. Also finished Susan Taubes's Lament for Julia, a novella paired with various short stories, all with a powerful Freudian bent, Taubes being the daughter of a psychoanalyst and prone to autobiographically inflected fiction. Fathers and daughters are locked in strange relation; men and women antagonize each other; there's much angst around the emergence and forcible repression of sexuality and desire. I also completed a reread of Crime and Punishment (impressive in its structure, if not at the line level; conservative, like much of Dostoevsky, in its premises and sympathies, though not without its points when it comes to the weaknesses that certain modes of thought can have when they're adopted carelessly, as vogues, and in arguing for the necessity of humility against despair when one's despair stems, as Raskolnikov's does, from overweening self-regard). And I read Rilke's Letters to a Young Poet—which was a funny one. Much to love in it, certainly. I also felt a bit of a twang reading, say, Rilke's condemnation of "the unreal half-artistic professions"—among which he includes "almost all of criticism"—"which, while they pretend proximity to some art, in practice belie and assail the existence of all art." Oh look, it's the form to which I've apparently pledged my troth, ha ha whoops.

I admit I wasn't blown away by Solenoid as I thought I might be. It offers a slightly banal resolution to existential crisis... That is, that the narrator ultimately meets the horror he spends about six-hundred pages grappling with—of the possibility that he might be trapped within three dimensions when a fourth, superior dimension might exist, meaning (I know this sentence is Going Places, stay with me) a dimension that is not ruled by the determinism by which any dimension is ruled in the eyes of those who can see it from the next dimension on, the same way that the life of, say, a mite might seem determined to us, all unthinking instinct and bound to a terribly specific and minute purpose, given our position as the mite's vast superior—that he counters the tremendous weight of this fear by turning to an abstract love for humanity and the purpose he finds in raising the child he has with his lover, Irina... It reminded me of the commitment to bourgeois normalcy that the protagonist of Antal Szerb's Journey by Moonlight makes, and how that let me down after his Master-and-Margarita-esque path through other, more hallucinatory forms of experience in the first three-quarters of that novel—which promised, I don't know, something more.

But I can understand the turn. And Solenoid does have some terrific setpieces along the way. One is the protest of the "Picketists"—a sect the narrator stumbles upon that stages demonstrations against life's pain and suffering (their signs bear lines like "Down with Death!" "Down with Rotting!" "Down with Accidents!" "NO to Agony!" and "Stop the Massacre!")—before a building in Bucharest that once housed one of the first institutes of forensic medicine, whose cupola bears thirteen statues depicting the soul's dark sides, Sadness, Despair, Fear, Bitterness, Melancholy, Revulsion, Nausea, Mania, Horror, Grief, Nostalgia, Resignation, and Damnation. Most striking is the way that protest ends, with the statue of Damnation—which has come alive, "as alive and slow-moving as soft glass and black as anthracite"—stamping on the lead protestor, Virgil, crushing him, when he asks her whether anything humanity can offer her will ever be enough.

Cărtărescu is also quite skillful at pacing his plot across the novel's 638 pages, as the narrator discovers each of the six solenoids sprinkled across Bucharest—the massive electromagnets that make possible eerie wonders like levitation and serve as engines that, essentially, power the world—and as he endures his own Virgil-like trial among the Picketists at the novel's end. Translator Sean Cotter also deserves a ton of credit, I'm sure. It can't have been easy to translate a narrative like this one, which depends so much on so many references to Bucharest's geography, Romania's history, and the histories of so many figures, so strangely intertwined—the forensic scientist Mina Minovici, who studied death (through, in Cărtărescu's telling, intense bouts of self-strangulation); the psychologist Nicolae Vaschide, who studied dreams, which in the narrator's mind join death as one of two potential means of escape from this world to the next; and the mathematician Charles Howard Hinton, who married Mary Ellen Boole, daughter of mathematician and logician George Boole, whose other daughter, Ethel, married Wilfrid Voynich, famous owner of the Voynich manuscript, which the narrator ultimately comes to possess and, at the novel's end, offers to the goddess Damnation, whereupon its pages somehow morph into a tesseract, the shape that Hinton once theorized as the fourth-dimensional analogue of the cube; the next level of complexity to it, just as the cube is the next-level of the two-dimensional square—thereby permitting the narrator one glimpse, one moment of contact with whatever it is that lies in the fourth dimension, beyond...

So, you know, it's been a time. If you're in the mood for a long novel about an intelligent, sensitive, neurotic thwarted artist confronting the fear that has oppressed his life, that engages whole histories of mathematics, logic, and philosophical thought along the way, you might give Solenoid a shot. Meanwhile, I'll end this with some words from Rilke in his last letter to the young poet, Franz Krappus, when Krappus was twenty-five: "Do you remember how [your] life yearned out of its childhood for the 'great'? I see that it is now going on beyond the great to long for greater. For this reason it will not cease to be difficult, but for this reason too it will not cease to grow." Arrange your life, he tells Krappus, according to that principle which counsels us that we must always hold to the difficult. I'm certainly not in my twenties as I write this, but the lines still inspire.

[anaxerneas]

On the other hand, the knowledge of the laws of the mind does not require as its basis any extensive collection of observations. The general truth is seen in the particular instance, and it is not confirmed by the repetition of instances. We may illustrate this position by an obvious example. It may be a question whether that formula of reasoning, which is called the dictum of Aristotle, de omni et nullo, expresses a primary law of human reasoning or not; but it is no question that it expresses a general truth in Logic. Now that truth is made manifest in all its generality by reflection upon a single instance of its application. And this is both an evidence that the particular principle or formula in question is founded upon some general law or laws of the mind, and an illustration of the doctrine that the perception of such general truths is not derived from an induction from many instances, but is involved in the clear apprehension of a single instance. In connexion with this truth is seen the not less important one that our knowledge of the laws upon which the science of the intellectual powers rests, whatever may be its extent or its deficiency, is not probable knowledge. For we not only see in the particular example the general truth, but we see it also as a certain truth, - a truth, our confidence in which will not continue to increase with increasing experience of its practical verifications.

George Boole, An Investigation of the Laws of Thought

[raffaellosanziodaurbino]

thinking about George Boole. he couldn't have known what his legacy would be. he couldn't have comprehended what his work would create.

[bernamegeh]

George Boole Kimdir

İngiliz matematikçi, eğitimci ve filozof George Boole, 2 Kasım 1815 tarihinde Lincoln’da dünyaya geldi. Boole, yirmi yaşına gelince bir özel okul açtı. Burada matematik öğretmesi gerekiyordu. Babasından aldığı derslerin faydasını gördü. O dönemin el kitaplarını gözden geçirdi.Abel ve Galois gibi önemli büyüklerin kitaplarını okudu. Fazla bir matematik bilgisi olmayanların okuyup…

[olinolivia]

i would've invented boolean algebra

[truly-fantastic-me]

Research Skills 101

Introduction:

Has the phrase "educate yourself" ever bothered you? It used to bother me a lot, too. Nowadays, I believe every adult has a responsibility to do their own research about anything they want to know about, especially when it comes to social justice. But I didn't really learn how to do research until a couple years ago in a college class. I realized that not many people have these skills and I don't think that's right.

There are lots of misinformation and propaganda on the internet that it's difficult to know where to start. We should definitely expect an influx of misinformation in the coming years, so I took it upon myself to show you the ropes on what it means to really research.

This will be a incremental process, and I will try to post a lesson every week. But life gets quite hectic, especially in a six-person household. So in case I take longer than expected, here are a few sources on research skills that you can look at on your own.

So in this lesson, we are going to go over Boolean logic, primary, secondary and tertiary sources and tools to help with more accurate results. These are very important to have if you're not in college and don't have access to many scholarly libraries.

Boolean Logic

Boolean logic is a logistics tool created by George Boole in order to yield true or false results with deductive reasoning. This is the type of system that most search engines use. There are three main keywords to keep in mind:

AND: Let's say you have an apple and an orange, and you want to do a comparative research paper on how they came to be. So you go to google.com and you find either limited results or results that have nothing to do with your paper.

This is because the "AND" indicates that the apples and oranges must be included. If you had an "AND" statement, like "The sky is blue and the water is wet," both statements would have to be true in order to be a valid argument. In order to get relevant results, other people would have had to write comparative papers on apples and oranges, too.

OR: Okay, you now google; "apples OR oranges." A lot more relevant posts will pop up. You'll potentially find a lot of scientific, folkloric or nutritional information about both apples and oranges separately. Now you are getting somewhere! So you click on a page that will give you information about apples and write that down and then click on another page that will give you information about oranges and write that down. Now you have two pages of notes to compare.

In common English, OR indicates "it's either or, not both." But in Boolean logic, it's more like "Would you like water or tea to go with that?" You can always answer with both, and you will get both drinks, but not both drinks mixed in together. In Boolean logic, one false statement will not impact how valid an argument is.

NOT: This is where the common English saying "it's either or, not both" comes in. When you search for apples NOT oranges, you'll get results that are about apples. Maybe you might get a result that may mention oranges because of the phrase "That's like comparing apples and oranges," but ultimately, you're not going to find any information about oranges. The same goes vice versa. Typing, "oranges NOT apples," will get you results exclusively about oranges.

Primary, Secondary and Tertiary sources:

Primary sources are sources that originate as close to an event or lived experience as possible. If you were to research anything historical, such as the Woodstock Festival of 1969, recounts of people who were there at the time would be one of the best sources to go to. They usually consist of photographs, video recordings, interviews, and when it comes to the realm of science, scientific studies. If you were to research any lived experience of any group of people, primary sources would be the go-to, which makes these very important if you’re advocating for social justice. 

A downside to primary sources is that they are often subjective, and they lack the perspectives of the wider crowd. There are times when an individual can be an unreliable narrator, which is why it would be important to look at a wide variety of primary sources. 

Secondary sources are often based on primary sources. These sources analyze a wide variety of first-hand accounts and interpret the data they collect. Examples of these would be newspaper articles, and books about a specific event. They can give a decent outside perspective without being too removed from the original material. However, they can still be biased if their primary sources are their only sources. 

Tertiary sources are a lot more objective compared to the other two. They create summaries about the research from secondary and primary sources. They are usually in the forms of textbooks, reference books and crowd-sourced material. They are great if you want to get an overall picture of an event, but there can have a lot of inaccuracies. They could focus too much on secondary sources and misinterpret the primary ones. Most stigmatized mental illnesses are is a prime examples of this. 

Other helpful tools: 

Truncating: A great way to diversify your search without straying too far from your topic, and it can give you keywords. I could truncate the word, paleontology by typing: “paleo*” which will give me various results regarding all disciplines that go into paleontology: paleobiology, paleobotany, and paleoanthropology. 

Quotation marks: Search engines tend to separate the words you put in the search bar. If you want to avoid that, type in your keywords with quotation marks around them to help you find more precise and accurate results. 

[jjoneechan]

Do you have any headcanons that are true for most/all of your fanworks even if it’s not always noticeable?

What an interesting question! I'm not sure what you mean tho? If it's what I think it is, then for example c!dream:

My headcanons are that he has an ender eye stolen from XD, meant to be used for locating the revival bool, that his masked is cracked in half where you can only see one eye, that his cloak/cape is always torn and used as a shawl, that he's always watching in the shadows, yearning for that sense of community again.

For c!sapnap: that he's a netherborn centaur/satyr, probably hoglin based. That he has magma chunks stuck to his body that puffs out steam, that his arms are blackened by firepower, that he can survive being in lava

I usually draw the ccs more that the c! versions so I wonder what headcanons I have for the ccs hmm 🤔

That dream wears the smile more sweater all the time, that sapnap wears the same killua hoodie, that george has stubble, that dream has a smile popsocket on a green phone case,

[wankerwatch]

Commons Vote

On: Passenger Railway Services Bill (Public Ownership) Bill: Committee: Amendment 14

Ayes: 111 (95.5% Con, 4.5% DUP) Noes: 362 (97.0% Lab, 2.5% Ind, 0.6% SDLP) Absent: ~177

Day's business papers: 2024-9-3

Likely Referenced Bill: Passenger Railway Services (Public Ownership) Bill

Description: A Bill to make provision for passenger railway services to be provided by public sector companies instead of by means of franchises.

Originating house: Commons Current house: Commons Bill Stage: 3rd reading

Individual Votes:

Ayes

Conservative (106 votes)

Alan Mak Alberto Costa Alex Burghart Alicia Kearns Alison Griffiths Andrew Bowie Andrew Murrison Andrew Rosindell Andrew Snowden Aphra Brandreth Ashley Fox Ben Obese-Jecty Ben Spencer Bernard Jenkin Blake Stephenson Bob Blackman Bradley Thomas Caroline Dinenage Caroline Johnson Charlie Dewhirst Chris Philp Claire Coutinho Damian Hinds Danny Kruger David Davis David Mundell David Reed David Simmonds Desmond Swayne Edward Argar Edward Leigh Gagan Mohindra Gareth Bacon Gareth Davies Gavin Williamson Geoffrey Cox George Freeman Greg Smith Gregory Stafford Harriet Cross Harriett Baldwin Helen Whately Iain Duncan Smith Jack Rankin James Cartlidge James Cleverly James Wild Jeremy Hunt Jeremy Wright Jerome Mayhew Jesse Norman Joe Robertson John Cooper John Glen John Hayes John Lamont John Whittingdale Joy Morrissey Julia Lopez Julian Lewis Karen Bradley Katie Lam Kemi Badenoch Kevin Hollinrake Kieran Mullan Kit Malthouse Laura Trott Lewis Cocking Lincoln Jopp Louie French Mark Francois Mark Garnier Mark Pritchard Martin Vickers Matt Vickers Mel Stride Mike Wood Mims Davies Neil Hudson Neil O'Brien Neil Shastri-Hurst Nick Timothy Nigel Huddleston Oliver Dowden Patrick Spencer Peter Bedford Peter Fortune Priti Patel Rebecca Harris Rebecca Paul Rebecca Smith Richard Fuller Richard Holden Robbie Moore Robert Jenrick Saqib Bhatti Sarah Bool Shivani Raja Simon Hoare Steve Barclay Stuart Anderson Stuart Andrew Suella Braverman Tom Tugendhat Victoria Atkins Wendy Morton

Democratic Unionist Party (5 votes)

Carla Lockhart Gavin Robinson Gregory Campbell Jim Shannon Sammy Wilson

Noes

Labour (351 votes)

Abena Oppong-Asare Abtisam Mohamed Adam Jogee Adam Thompson Afzal Khan Al Carns Alan Campbell Alan Gemmell Alan Strickland Alex Baker Alex Ballinger Alex Barros-Curtis Alex Davies-Jones Alex Mayer Alex McIntyre Alex Norris Alex Sobel Alice Macdonald Alison Hume Alison McGovern Alistair Strathern Allison Gardner Amanda Hack Amanda Martin Andrew Cooper Andrew Gwynne Andrew Lewin Andrew Pakes Andrew Ranger Andrew Western Andy MacNae Andy McDonald Andy Slaughter Angela Eagle Anna Dixon Anna Gelderd Anna McMorrin Anna Turley Anneliese Dodds Anneliese Midgley Antonia Bance Ashley Dalton Baggy Shanker Bambos Charalambous Barry Gardiner Bayo Alaba Beccy Cooper Becky Gittins Ben Coleman Ben Goldsborough Bill Esterson Blair McDougall Brian Leishman Callum Anderson Calvin Bailey Carolyn Harris Cat Smith Catherine Atkinson Catherine Fookes Catherine McKinnell Catherine West Charlotte Nichols Chi Onwurah Chris Bloore Chris Curtis Chris Elmore Chris Evans Chris Hinchliff Chris Kane Chris McDonald Chris Murray Chris Vince Chris Ward Chris Webb Christian Wakeford Claire Hazelgrove Claire Hughes Clive Betts Clive Efford Clive Lewis Connor Naismith Connor Rand Damien Egan Dan Aldridge Dan Carden Dan Jarvis Dan Norris Dan Tomlinson Daniel Francis Danny Beales Darren Paffey Dave Robertson David Burton-Sampson David Pinto-Duschinsky David Smith David Taylor Dawn Butler Debbie Abrahams Deirdre Costigan Derek Twigg Diana Johnson Douglas Alexander Douglas McAllister Elaine Stewart Ellie Reeves Elsie Blundell Emily Darlington Emily Thornberry Emma Foody Emma Lewell-Buck Euan Stainbank Fabian Hamilton Fleur Anderson Florence Eshalomi Frank McNally Gareth Snell Gareth Thomas Gen Kitchen Gerald Jones Gill Furniss Gill German Gordon McKee Graeme Downie Graham Stringer Grahame Morris Gregor Poynton Gurinder Singh Josan Harpreet Uppal Heidi Alexander Helen Hayes Helena Dollimore Henry Tufnell Ian Lavery Ian Murray Imogen Walker Irene Campbell Jack Abbott Jacob Collier Jade Botterill Jake Richards James Asser James Frith James Naish Janet Daby Jayne Kirkham Jeevun Sandher Jeff Smith Jen Craft Jenny Riddell-Carpenter Jess Asato Jess Phillips Jessica Morden Jessica Toale Jim Dickson Jim McMahon Jo Platt Jo Stevens Jo White Joani Reid Jodie Gosling Joe Morris Joe Powell Johanna Baxter John Grady John Healey John Slinger John Whitby Jon Pearce Jon Trickett Jonathan Brash Jonathan Davies Jonathan Hinder Josh Dean Josh Fenton-Glynn Josh MacAlister Josh Newbury Julia Buckley Julie Minns Juliet Campbell Justin Madders Karin Smyth Karl Turner Kate Osamor Kate Osborne Katie White Katrina Murray Keir Mather Kerry McCarthy Kevin Bonavia Kim Johnson Kim Leadbeater Kirith Entwistle Kirsteen Sullivan Kirsty McNeill Laura Kyrke-Smith Lauren Edwards Lauren Sullivan Laurence Turner Lee Barron Lee Pitcher Leigh Ingham Lewis Atkinson Liam Byrne Liam Conlon Lilian Greenwood Lillian Jones Linsey Farnsworth Liz Kendall Liz Twist Lizzi Collinge Lloyd Hatton Lola McEvoy Louise Haigh Louise Jones Lucy Powell Lucy Rigby Luke Akehurst Luke Charters Luke Murphy Luke Myer Margaret Mullane Marie Tidball Mark Ferguson Mark Hendrick Mark Sewards Mark Tami Markus Campbell-Savours Marsha De Cordova Martin Rhodes Mary Glindon Mary Kelly Foy Matt Bishop Matt Rodda Matt Turmaine Matt Western Matthew Patrick Matthew Pennycook Maureen Burke Meg Hillier Melanie Onn Melanie Ward Miatta Fahnbulleh Michael Payne Michael Shanks Michael Wheeler Michelle Scrogham Michelle Welsh Mike Amesbury Mike Kane Mike Reader Mike Tapp Mohammad Yasin Nadia Whittome Natalie Fleet Natasha Irons Naushabah Khan Navendu Mishra Neil Coyle Neil Duncan-Jordan Nesil Caliskan Nia Griffith Nicholas Dakin Nick Smith Nick Thomas-Symonds Noah Law Oliver Ryan Olivia Bailey Olivia Blake Pam Cox Pamela Nash Pat McFadden Patricia Ferguson Patrick Hurley Paul Davies Paul Foster Paul Waugh Paula Barker Paulette Hamilton Perran Moon Peter Dowd Peter Kyle Peter Lamb Peter Swallow Phil Brickell Polly Billington Preet Kaur Gill Rachael Maskell Rachel Blake Rachel Hopkins Rachel Taylor Richard Baker Richard Quigley Rosie Duffield

Rupa Huq Ruth Cadbury Ruth Jones Sadik Al-Hassan Sally Jameson Sam Carling Sam Rushworth Samantha Dixon Samantha Niblett Sarah Champion Sarah Coombes Sarah Edwards Sarah Hall Sarah Jones Sarah Owen Sarah Sackman Satvir Kaur Scott Arthur Sean Woodcock Seema Malhotra Sharon Hodgson Shaun Davies Simon Lightwood Simon Opher Siobhain McDonagh Sojan Joseph Sonia Kumar Stella Creasy Stephanie Peacock Stephen Kinnock Stephen Timms Steve Race Steve Witherden Steve Yemm Sureena Brackenridge Tahir Ali Taiwo Owatemi Tanmanjeet Singh Dhesi Tim Roca Toby Perkins Tom Collins Tom Hayes Tom Rutland Tonia Antoniazzi Tony Vaughan Torcuil Crichton Torsten Bell Tracy Gilbert Tristan Osborne Uma Kumaran Valerie Vaz Vicky Foxcroft Warinder Juss Wes Streeting Will Stone Yasmin Qureshi Yuan Yang Zubir Ahmed

Independent (9 votes)

Apsana Begum Ayoub Khan Imran Hussain Jeremy Corbyn John McDonnell Rebecca Long Bailey Richard Burgon Shockat Adam Zarah Sultana

Social Democratic & Labour Party (2 votes)

Claire Hanna Colum Eastwood

[lostsometime]

Today I learned that George Boole, of Boolean logic, was the father-in-law of Wilfrid Voynich, of the Voynich manuscript.

They never met - Voynich married Boole's youngest daughter, who was only an infant when Boole died - but still, what a weird small world sort of thing!

I found this out because my dad was thinking about learning a piece of music by Dmitri Shostakovich, and was playing it for me, and mentioned that it came from a movie so I was looking the movie up - it's from the film 'The Gadfly,' which is adapted from a novel written by Ethel Voynich (nee Boole), the daughter/wife in question. Which means that Shostakovich is only 3 degrees of separation from BOTH the invention of Boolean logic AND the Voynich manuscript. Wild!

[themonsterp]

The laws of thought are laws of the mind, and they have a higher and more extended application than the laws of any particular branch of science. — George Boole

[fangirlsovertoomanythings]

im gonna hunt george boole for sport

[funkylittlebaldcharapoll]

THE ULTIMATE BALDING CONTINUES!

while we get ready for round 2, here's what you can look forward to! all those newly revealed characters are the MINIBOSSES, and you can find out all about how those will work over on the RULES PAGE. other than that, round 2 will go over just like round 1 did, except with only 2 polls per day instead of 4!

here's a link to the round 1 bracket!

polls under the cut, with links to be added when they go up:

GROUP 1:

MELODY (Hunter x Hunter) vs ELMER FUDD (Looney Tunes) vs RATTRAP (Beast Wars: Transformers) [WINNER: MELODY]

THE ENGINEERING UNION (CID POLLENDINA (Final Fantasy IV), LORD CRUMP (Paper Mario: The Thousand Year Door), ROM (Star Trek: Deep Space 9), & TINKER KNIGHT (Shovel Knight)) vs THE ENGINEER (Team Fortress 2) vs ZOTE (Hollow Knight) [WINNER: UNION]

GROUP 2:

COMPTON & DOGEN BOOLE (Psychonauts 1 & 2) vs CHIAOTZU (Dragon Ball) vs TRANSMUTATE (Beast Wars: Transformers) [WINNER: THE BOOLES]

"HATCHLING" (Outer Wilds) vs GOLLUM/SMÉAGOL (Lord of the Rings) vs THE NOT-GOBLIN (@pocketss' comics) [WINNER: NOT-GOBLIN]

GROUP 3:

BIDO (Fullmetal Alchemist) vs GEORGE COSTANZA (Seinfeld) vs GAETAN "MOLE" MOLIÉRE (Atlantis: the Lost Empire) [WINNER: BIDO]

THE MAYOR OF TOWNSVILLE (The Powerpuff Girls) vs FIDDLEFORD MCGUCKET (Gravity Falls) vs THE JUDGE (Ace Attorney & ARTHUR AGUEFORT (Dimension 20) [WINNER: THE JUDGE & ARTHUR AGUEFORT]

GROUP 4:

GLUTTONY THE VORACIOUS (Fullmetal Alchemist) vs THE PAWN (Chess) vs THE ALCHEMIST (The Venture Bros.) [KNOCKOUT!!]

THE ITERATORS (Rain World) vs SECOND-GENERATION ALBINAURICS (Elden Ring) vs DR. BUBBY (Half-Life VR but the AI is Self Aware) [WINNER: THE ITERATORS]

GROUP 5: LITTLE GREEN FREAKS

DR. BUNSEN HONEYDEW (The Muppets) vs ZIM (Invader Zim) vs JAKEN (InuYasha) [KNOCKOUT!!]

FBLTHP (Magic: the Gathering) vs SLIMER (Ghostbusters) vs KAPP'N AND FAMILY (Animal Crossing) ft. KAPPA (Natsume Yuujinchou) [WINNER: THE KAPPAS]

[anaxerneas]

...it is necessary that each sign should possess, within the limits of the same discourse or process of reasoning, a fixed interpretation. The necessity of this condition is obvious, and seems to be founded in the very nature of the subject. There exists, however, a dispute as to the precise nature of the representative office of words or symbols used as names in the processes of reasoning. By some it is maintained, that they represent the conceptions of the mind alone; by others, that they represent things. The question is not of great importance here, as its decision cannot affect the laws according to which signs are employed. I apprehend, however, that the general answer to this and such like questions is, that in the processes of reasoning, signs stand in the place and fulfil the office of the conceptions and operations of the mind; but that as those conceptions and operations represent things, and the connexions and relations of things, so signs represent things with their connexions and relations; and lastly, that as signs stand in the place of the conceptions and operations of the mind, they are subject to the laws of those conceptions and operations. This view will be more fully elucidated in the next chapter; but it here serves to explain the third of those particulars involved in the definition of a sign, viz., its subjection to fixed laws of combination depending upon the nature of its interpretation.

George Boole, An Investigation of the Laws of Thought

"Do signs represent things or the ideas of things?" - Boole's answer is something along the lines of 'They represent the ideas of things. But ideas are ideas of things; so in that sense, signs do represent things"!