#finegold

[morimatea]

It is an article for daily use as well as an elegant handicraft.

[the10jewelry]

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[aurizrefinery]

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[malanijewelers1]

Gold Pendant Sets – Stylish Jewelry at Malani Jewelers

Gold pendant sets are a perfect addition to any jewelry collection, offering a blend of style and sophistication. At Malani Jewelers, we have a wide selection of gold pendant sets designed for different occasions. Whether you prefer a simple, minimalistic pendant or a more detailed design, our collection provides options that suit various tastes. A gold pendant set is ideal for everyday wear, festive celebrations, or as a meaningful gift for someone special.

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Address : 739 Dekalb Industrial Way # 2100, Decatur, GA 30033, United States

To contact us via call : +14042986950

Map location : https://maps.app.goo.gl/fYAMCSEJP8BcToJT9

For more visit us at : https://www.malanijewelers.com/

[picturethisshow]

NEW YORK: Remember what a great show we had with Animation Block Party this August to celebrate their 20th year?? We do, thanks to Mike Bryk's great pics!!

We're back NEXT WEEK for a special FRIDAY show!! 10/20 at Union Hall!! Don't miss another FABULOUS lineup of one night only live animated comedy sets!! Save $5 on tix now:

[shetland-clouds]

[garadinervi]

Hugo Steinhaus, (1938), Mathematical Snapshots, Oxford University Press, New York, NY, 1969, Third American Edition, Revised and Enlarged

Jacket Design: Harsh/Finegold

[richwall101]

Boston City Hall & Council Chamber

Completed in 1968, City Hall is a leading example of Brutalist architecture in America, featuring exterior facades and interiors of exposed, cast-in-place concrete. Finegold Alexander strategically redesigned the Boston City Hall Council Chamber to enhance accessibility and upgrade the technology and building systems. To resolve code and access deficiencies, Finegold Alexander raised the council chamber floor, eliminating ramps and steps making accessibility in and round the space universal. Other key interventions include acoustical upgrades, technology and lighting improvements. It is a controversial and prominent example of Brutalist architecture, part of the modernist movement. It was designed by the architecture firms Kallmann McKinnell & Knowles and Campbell, Aldrich & Nulty, with LeMessurier Consultants as engineers.

Photo Credit - Raj Das Photography

[flyonthewallmedstudent]

Finegoldia magna

Cold open with a case report:

60M with a past history of previous wrist fracture presents with worsening pain and swelling, erythema and reduced range of motion, after suffering an abrasion from changing a tire.

the previous injury resulted from an MVA 9 yrs prior with a closed rist fracture

there was also a history of ETOH use and possible malnutrition, which can result in immunosuppression

Xray showed extensive changes in the wrist bones compared to past years with near loss of several, suggestive of pyogenic arthritis

Aspiration of the wrist joint grew Finegoldia magna

What is it

not actually uncommon

but is more commonly associated with post op infections or prosthetic joint infections (so case reports are harder to find in this category)

previously known as peptostreptococcus (sounds like peptobismol) but was renamed following 16S rna sequence availability, so in older texts/articles you'll still see it's old name

it's a commensal, so normal part of our microflora, but is opportunistic like so many other pathogens we usually live with and covers our body

It is a Gram Positive Anaerobe, of the same flavour of clostridium. Remember there's fewer gram positive anaerobes than there are aerobes. So consider it in cultures if there's only growth in the anaerobe bottle and it's gram positive (purple). Usually it likes mucosal surfaces, such as the GI or GU tracts, but it doesn't mind skin either. It's considered a "gram positive anaerobic cocci" (GPAC) and has increasing prevalence and antibiotic resistance in the group.

Image source

Increased risk and when to think of it

chronic ulcers, diabetic ulcers

associated with biofilms (always bad, requires prolonged duration of antibiotics)

prosthetic joints

prosthetic valves

as it is opportunistic, also consider it in the immunocompromised

In the case above, the patient had septic arthritis, for which anaerobes account for 20% of cases. And Finegoldia is often the culprit in the case of post op and prosthetic joint infections. Rarely affects normal joints or healed joints from previous closed trauma years prior.

In chronic wounds it can impair healing via Protein L, which bindings to antibodies, causing immunomodulatory effect.

Bit of history

named for Sydney Finegold, an American physician who was a founding member of IDSA (infectious diseases society of American) and one of its early former presidents

but the name did make me think of 'fine gold'

Treatment

luckily susceptible to penicillin - but there is growing resistance, hence relevance of always chasing susceptibility

alternatives: metronidazole (typical class that covers anaerobes), tazocin and carbapenems

also has increasing resistance to clindamycin (a consideration in penicillin allergy or during empirical therapy for wounds)

Resources:

case report

wikipaedia

microbe canvas

[nowis-scales]

I keep accidentally making DND characters to play that have the same energy as Fire Emblem characters I like. Thought maybe it was just a coincidence that I wrote Faefine Qennala as a sort of furthering of the internal conflict of being biracial Claude deals with.

And then out of touch noble girl Saphione “Saphi” Finegold came into the picture, and I knew that this was a pattern

[realyoungdarius]

Economics of Health Insurance Around Different Parts of the World

Economics in Health Insurance Around Different Parts of the World

By Michael D Johnson

POLS 648

Dr. Sean Hildebrand

Table of Contents

Introduction/Abstract

Literature Review

Study of economic systems

1. Study of catastrophic and chronic health care

History

summarize main points

the status quo

alternatives to the status quo

conclusion

discuss significance

offer final thoughts

bibliography/reference list

 

Introduction

Do you ever wonder what could go beyond the status quo in the healthcare system; especially if you realize that there were about 48 million non-elderly Americans who were uninsured in 2010. (Finegold et al., 2021). The absence of health insurance can have devastating consequences for the financial well-being (FWB) of those who suffer from a severe illness or get seriously injured in an accident. Financial challenges faced by uninsured individuals in case of a mishap include delinquency on medical and non-medical bills, reduced access to credit, and increased chances of fling for bankruptcy (Dobkin et al., 2018; Hu et al., 2018)

It might be possible that the status quo only needs minor changes to improve the system overall; especially when considering that people in the political system spout wanting more of a market-based or more of a command-based system when we already have a mixed economic system. This is especially true in the United States of America.

 

Background Information and Literature Review: 

Consider that many people cannot afford health care; even when there have been attempts to get more people health care insurance. They have to rely on someone else's money to provide their health care; whether that is help from the government or a not-for-profit organization (which includes friends and family).

Literature Review

Preventive Care: The Heartbeat of Value-Based Healthcare

Addressing Social Determinants of Health: Examples of Successful Evidence-Based Strategies and Current Federal Efforts | ASPE

Why use telehealth? | Telehealth.HHS.gov

ISO - An easy guide to understanding healthcare data analytics

What is Patient Engagement in Healthcare? Definition, Importance, Benefits, Examples and Improvements

Preventive Care: The Heartbeat of Value-Based Healthcare

EBSCO - Purchasing reforms and tracking health resources, Kenya

Types of Economic Systems | SNHU:

Mixed Economic System: Characteristics, Examples, Pros & Cons

Command Economy: What It Is, Pros and Cons, Examples - Harbourfront Technologies

11 Pros and Cons of a Market Economy – Vittana.org

Catastrophic and impoverishing out-of-pocket health expenditure in Ethiopia: evidence from the Ethiopia socioeconomic survey.

Public Health Insurance Expansion and Financial Well-Being Indicators Directly Evaluated by the Eligible: Evidence from the United States.

Does Participating in New Rural Cooperative Medical Insurance Change Catastrophic Health Expenditure? Evidence from the China Household Income Project

Does Participating in New Rural Cooperative Medical Insurance Change Catastrophic Health Expenditure? Evidence from the China Household Income Project.

Creating Market-Based Health Insurance Reform: An Interview with Stephen T. Parente

Immigrant health on hold.

Health Insurance and Mortality in US Adults

Effects of comorbid health conditions on healthcare expenditures among people with severe mental illness.

Purchasing reforms and tracking health resources, Kenya

Does Participating in New Rural Cooperative Medical Insurance Change Catastrophic Health Expenditure? Evidence from the China Household Income Project - Yalu Zhang, 2025

Thesis Statement: 

My question to answer is this:

When is it necessary to utilize government help for funding health care and when is it necessary to utilize not-for-profit organizations? This involves Medicaid, Medicare, the AA health insurance marketplace, and COBRA (which includes health care for adults and children with low-income and people who are 65 and older who qualify because of illness or disability. Also, consider private donations. How do you go about improving the health care system? As I stated before, it might need a smaller change than a larger one.

 

Methodology:

Introduction: Mixed methods research methodology structure

Research design: Longitudinal study (I need to assess the validity and reliability of study)

Data Collection Methods: Database studies and internet searching

Sampling:

Data Analysis Techniques:

Consider:

Literature Review

Status Quo and Alternatives

Pro’s and Con’s

Ethical considerations: these are world-wide studies of data for economics and healthcare. I did not collect the data and I assume it is confidential. The time frame for the studies span decades.

Limitations of the Methodology: studies conducted in different studies

Justification of Methodology: I do not have 1st person data. The data I have found is entirely second-hand. This means that I am less concerned with the idea that what I am pursuing in this project is plagiarism.

Main Body:

History

Historically, governments in most low- and middle-income countries established a national health service, wherein a government department, typically a health ministry at the national or sub-national level, allocated general revenue through line-item budgets to cover staff salaries, medicines and operating costs for a network of government-owned health facilities. Some governments also had parallel risk pooling arrangements, including social health insurance for formal sector workers, and many governments eventually introduced user fees in public facilities to mobilize more financing for the health sector.7

EBSCO - Purchasing reforms and tracking health resources, Kenya

Three types of economies include command economy, market economy and mixed economy, and within each type, there are three main branches of economics Types of Economic Systems | SNHU:

The Status Quo (a mixed economy)

A mixed economic system is one that combines aspects of both capitalism (i.e. market-based) and socialism (command-based). A mixed economic system accepts private property and permits economic freedom in the use of capital, but also allows for governments to interfere in economic activities in order to achieve social aims. Most countries in the world have mixed economic systems.

Advantages and Disadvantages of a Mixed Economy

A mixed economy combines several of the desirable qualities of both capitalist and socialist economic systems. The capitalist principles of free enterprise, market-based prices, and private property create incentives for innovation and efficiency, while elements of a welfare state and price controls guarantee a minimum standard of living.

However, social welfare programs can create a high tax burden and distort the market. Price controls, such as minimum wage laws, can have the unintended effects of reducing employment, according to the Philips curve. Other interventions, such as housing guarantees or free healthcare, can sometimes result in shortages because pricing does not reflect availability.

A mixed economy also allows the government to set its strategic priorities through selective interventions in the economy. For example, the United States gives favorable tax treatments to certain agricultural and manufacturing industries, because they are considered crucial for the country's long-term economic health.

Mixed economies can also result in less competition or regulatory capture, as private interests lobby for favorable regulations and tax treatment. This can have the perverse effect of regulations being determined by industries rather than policymakers.

Pros

Increased efficiency and productivity due to market-based incentives.

Welfare protections for the poorest members of the population.

Allows the government to set strategic priorities through economic policy.

Cons

Does not avoid the market-distorting effects of government intervention.

May succumb to regulatory capture as business interests campaign for favorable regulations.

Higher taxes to pay for welfare state policies.

Mixed Economic System: Characteristics, Examples, Pros & Cons

Command Economy – A command economy is an economy in which the government controls all economic activity and transactions. A country with a communist government is an example of a command economy.

 

Advantages of a Command Economy

Centralized Planning: One of the primary advantages of a command economy is centralized planning. Government authorities can set clear goals, allocate resources strategically, and coordinate economic activities to achieve specific objectives. This can lead to efficient allocation of resources for critical sectors such as healthcare, education, and infrastructure.

Income Equality: Command economies often prioritize income equality by implementing policies that aim to reduce wealth disparities. Through progressive taxation and social welfare programs, they can provide basic necessities to all citizens, ensuring a certain level of economic equality.

Stability and Predictability: Government control can lead to economic stability and predictability. Prices, production, and wages are typically regulated, reducing the likelihood of market fluctuations and economic crises.

Disadvantages of a Command Economy

Lack of Incentives: In command economies, where the government owns or controls most industries, there can be a lack of incentives for innovation, efficiency, and entrepreneurship. Without competition, there may be little motivation to improve products or services.

Resource Misallocation: Centralized planning can result in resource misallocation, as decisions are made by government authorities rather than responding to market demand. This can lead to overproduction of certain goods and shortages of others.

Bureaucracy and Inefficiency: Command economies often involve extensive bureaucracy, which can hinder decision-making and lead to inefficiencies. Long approval processes and red tape can slow down economic activities.

Command Economy: What It Is, Pros and Cons, Examples - Harbourfront Technologies

Market Economy – A market economy is free of all government control. “The economic outcomes are determined by the market forces and the so called ‘invisible hand,’ to use a term coined by philosopher Adam Smith,” Yates said. The invisible hand is a metaphor commonly-used among economists to describe how market forces work together

 

What Are the Pros of a Market Economy?

1. It provides a society with the right goods or services at the right time (catastrophic health care) Because competition works with supply and demand in a market economy, businesses and individuals receive access to the exact goods or services that they need. Although the quality of these goods may vary based on who manufacturers them, different socioeconomic classes can access specific goods within their price range that they wish to own. This eliminates the ability to have a central authority dictate who should receive access to specific goods and at what price.

2. A market economy promotes entrepreneurship. Because the emphasis within a market economy is on innovation, it creates an environment where entrepreneurship can thrive. It supports the process of discovering new products or services that will be wanted, while allowing individuals and businesses to decide which products or services will best meet their needs. It is a structure that provides profits for businesses of any size while creating satisfied customers at the same time.

3. It creates competition. A market economy thrives because businesses are forced to continually innovate to survive. Businesses that refuse to innovate will be left behind because there will always be someone willing to look at things in a different way. This motivation is the foundation of a market economy because it must be there to encourage better products and services to be offered over time.

4. It reduces the need to store products. Because the laws of supply and demand are enforced in a market economy, manufacturers produce goods based on the demands that the society requires. This reduces the need to store surplus products because anything that is extra will be sold at a deeply discounted price or simply destroyed. The goal is to find a balance between society’s demands and the number of goods that are produced.

5. Market economies tend to provide more jobs. Small businesses in the US economy represent 99.7% of all businesses. Businesses with fewer than 20 employees in the United States account for 89.6% of the workforce. With a market economy, the focus on innovation allows these small businesses to find a niche and provide local jobs that can pay well. Although larger companies may outsource jobs to save money, local jobs come from individuals and partnerships that exploit a good idea they may have.

6. Prices are usually kept down in a market economy. Because competition is present within an industry, prices tend to stay lower because businesses are attempting to obtain as many customers as possible. It is this element that is a core philosophy in the Republican health care proposals that circulated in 2017. By introducing competition in the insurance markets across state lines, the goal is to drop policy pricing for many consumers.

What Are the Cons of a Market Economy?

1. Market economies tend to produce inferior goods and services. The goal of a market economy is to find balance between cost and profit. Businesses will minimize costs and maximize profits. That usually means skilled workers who demand high wages will be replaced by low or average-skill workers who can still produce a reasonably good product, but at a cheaper price. That means a market economy rarely provides the best possible goods and services that could be produced.

2. It harms the environment. A market economy places an emphasis on the cost of good produced over any other factor. That means there are fewer environmental concerns that are addressed during the production of goods. When it costs less to dump waste in nature than it does to properly dispose of it, the lack of governmental interference or a central authority would allow such an action to occur.

3. Outsourcing is frequent in a market economy. Because the goal is to produce the highest quality goods at the lowest possible prices, many companies outsource jobs and manufacturing to foreign providers. Outside of the developed world, wages are much lower. Most of humanity lives on less than USD $10 per day. If a local worker needs $10 per hour for their needs and a worker elsewhere will work for $10 per day, outsourcing allows a business to create better profits.

4. Commodity prices typically rise in a market economy. Commodities are primary agricultural products or raw materials that are bought or sold. Coffee is a commodity, as is copper. In a market economy, these are the items that are essential to the manufacturing process. Without them, a business cannot create goods or services for sale. Because supply and demand applies, and most businesses need commodities to function, the pricing of these goods is higher and that increase gets put into the final consume price tag.

5. Economy imbalances occur frequently within a market economy. The Great Recession in 2007-2009 occurred because of a lack of regulation in several sectors, including housing, around the world. Similar recessions have occurred throughout history because a market economy eventually creates an imbalance. When more businesses attempt to maximize profits without regard to risk, eventually a negative event occurs and the consumers tend to be the hardest hit by the fallout.

The pros and cons of a market economy show that the forces between businesses and consumers can be beneficial, even if there are minimal controls or regulations in place to dictate that relationship. Although there is a risk for harm to workers and the environment, similar risks exist in other economy forms as well. With the emphasis on innovation and the chance for entrepreneurs to thrive, the positives of a market economy are often seen as outweighing the negatives.

.

11 Pros and Cons of a Market Economy – Vittana.org

Develop Arguments: Support your thesis with evidence, examples, and analysis.

Conclusion:

Summarize Main Points:

To improve the healthcare system, focus on preventive care, patient engagement, data analysis, telehealth, and addressing social determinants of health.

Here's a more detailed breakdown of strategies:

1. Emphasize Preventive Care (which involves catastrophic healthcare):

Focus on wellness and disease prevention:

Shift the focus from treating illnesses to preventing them through initiatives like vaccination campaigns, healthy lifestyle promotion, and early detection programs.

Promote early intervention:

Identify and address health risks early on to prevent chronic diseases and improve overall health outcomes.

2. Engage Patients and Empower Them (could include catastrophic and chronic healthcare issues and/or problems):

Promote patient education:

Equip patients with the knowledge and skills to manage their health conditions effectively.

Encourage active participation:

Involve patients in their care decisions and encourage them to take an active role in their health journey.

Gather patient feedback:

Implement structured feedback mechanisms to identify areas for improvement and ensure patient satisfaction.

3. Leverage Technology and Data (could involve catastrophic and chronic healthcare issues and/or problems):

Implement electronic health records (EHRs):

Centralize and streamline patient information for better access and coordination of care.

Utilize telehealth:

Expand access to healthcare services through remote consultations, monitoring, and treatment options.

Analyze data to improve efficiency and outcomes:

Use data analytics to identify trends, optimize resource allocation, and improve healthcare processes.

Develop digital health platforms:

Use technology to empower patients and healthcare providers with tools for better communication, monitoring, and care coordination.

4. Address Social Determinants of Health (involves catastrophic and chronic healthcare issues and/or problems):

Recognize and address the factors that influence health:

Consider socioeconomic status, access to education, housing, and transportation, as these factors significantly impact health outcomes.

Develop programs to address these issues:

Partner with community organizations to address social needs and improve access to resources.

5. Improve Care Coordination (catastrophic and chronic healthcare issues and/or problems):

Implement care coordination strategies:

Ensure seamless transitions of care between different healthcare settings and providers.

Focus on chronic care management:

Provide comprehensive and coordinated care for individuals with chronic conditions to improve outcomes and reduce healthcare costs.

6. Decentralize Public Health Services (involves catastrophic and chronic healthcare):

Empower local health authorities:

Decentralization can lead to more efficient and responsive healthcare systems that are tailored to local needs.

Promote collaboration between different levels of government:

Effective healthcare systems require strong collaboration between federal, state, and local agencies.

7. Invest in Innovation (catastrophic and chronic healthcare issues and/or problems):

Support research and development: Invest in medical device and pharmaceutical innovation to develop new treatments and technologies that can improve healthcare outcomes.

Encourage collaboration between researchers, healthcare providers, and industry: Foster a culture of innovation to drive advancements in healthcare.

Discuss Significance: Explain the importance of your research and its implications. 

Across the globe, there are different systems that work to provide adequate health care. Of course, this can be kind of confusing because of how much people in the political system say that the system is more market-based and/or command economics systems. Most of them have mixed economic systems and not market-based and/or command economic systems. It can be paid for with the help of private donors and/or not-for-profits organizations (usually provided by philanthropic organizations) or government programs.

Here are ten major philanthropic organizations that fund health projects:

Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation

Rockeffeler Foundatin

Ford Foundation

Open Society Foundations

Healthcare Focus

Funding Priorities

Advocacy and Policy Change

Wellcome Trust

MacArthur Foundation

Bloomberg Philanthropies

10 Major Philanthropic Foundations That Fund Health Projects - fundsforNGOs

The importance of this research is that there could be more effective, more efficient, and would provide more equity to help people to get the health care they need. This is necessary, even if most of the health care system is already a mixed economic system.

Offer Final Thoughts: End with a concluding statement or suggestion for future research. 

There is always the question of, can things be done better! And, as much as things have gotten better, there is still the chance that things could get even better! That is what I addressed in my conclusion, when describing how the different systems would work and how effectively and efficiently, and equitably the mixed economic system already is!

Bibliography/Reference List: List all sources used in the paper, following the chosen citation style. 

[malanijewelers1]

Address : 739 Dekalb Industrial Way # 2100, Decatur, GA 30033, United States

To contact us via call : +14042986950

Map location : https://maps.app.goo.gl/fYAMCSEJP8BcToJT9

For more visit us at : https://www.malanijewelers.com/

[picturethisshow]

Wow it's our first weeknight show!!! AND this year we are blessed with BI-COASTAL SPOOKY live animated comedy!! #Brooklyn get ready for lots of "Ha ha ahhhh!-s" 💀

Comedy by 🎃 Richard Perez 🎃 Martin Urbano (Tonight Show) 🎃 Pat Byrne (The Best Show) 🎃 Brooke Finegold 🎃 Blair Dawson Animation by 👻 Jason Chatfield (National Cartoonist Society) 👻 Bryan Brinkman (Saturday Night Live) 👻 Laura Rankin 👻 Adam Howard 👻 Josh Pilch 👻 Vick Montes

Hosted by😈 Samantha Ruddy (The Late Show) TICKETS: $10 pre-sale, $15 day-of/at the door 

at Union Hall (702 Union St, Brooklyn, NY 11215)

Masking HIGHLY encouraged when not actively eating or drinking.

21+, Street Parking available, ride share encouraged

Flier art by Jason Chatfield *Lineup subject to change without notice

Follow us!  PictureThisShow.com IG: @PictureThisComedy Twitter: @PictureThisShowFB.com/PictureThisShow YouTube.com/@PictureThisComedy

[biancarogers]

Can I BEAT GM Ben Finegold? 🎮 🏆 🔥 https://applevideos.co.uk/mac-studio/can-i-beat-gm-ben-finegold

[aijamisespava]

One Final ESC 2023 Thought: Favorite Songs From Each Country (participating AND non-participating)!

AAAAA I'M SO SORRY FOR DISAPPEARING OFF THE FACE OF THE EARTH FOR A WHILE! I just...never got around to my finale before we get to some fun Junior Eurovision 2023/Eurovision 2024 stuff! So here is my finale: Where I share my favorite songs from each country in Eurovision from 2009 to the present.

So, how is this going to work? I'm going alphabetically because it's easier to do it like that. I'm giving you my top 2 from each country, but not the placements. If you want those, they're on the Eurovision website (I will put the year down though). Now, let's get to it!

Albania: "World" by Lindita (2017)/"Ktheju Tokës" by Jonida Maliqi (2019)

Andorra: "La Teva Decisió (Get A Life)" by Susanne Georgi (2009)

Armenia: "Future Lover" by Brunette (2023)/"Not Alone" by Aram MP3 (2014)

Australia: "Promise" by Voyager (2023)/"Sound Of Silence" by Dami Im (2016)

Austria: "Who The Hell Is Edgar?" by Teya & Salena (2023)/"I Am Yours" by The MakeMakes (2015)

Azerbaijan: "Hold Me" by Farid Mammadov (2013)/"Fade To Black" by Nadir Rustalmi (2022)

Belarus: "Forever" by Alekseev (2018)/"Eyes That Never Lie" by Petr Elfimov (2009)

Belgium: "Rhythm Inside" by Loïc Nottet (2015)/"The Wrong Place" by Hooverphonic (2021)

Bosnia & Herzegovina: "Korake Ti Znam" by Maya Sar (2012)/"Ljubav Je" by Jalal & Deen/Ana Rucner/Jala (2016)

Bulgaria: "If Love Was A Crime"/"Na Inat" both by Poli Genova (2016 & 2011 respectively)

Croatia: "Guilty Pleasure" by Mia Dimsic (2022)/"Tick Tock" by Albina (2021)

Cyprus: "Alter Ego" by Minus-One (2016)/"El Diablo" by Elena Tsagrinou (2021)

Czechia: "Lights Off" by Domi (2022)/"My Sister's Crown" by Vesna (2023)

Denmark: Øve Os På Hinanden" by Fyr og Flamme (2021)/"Only Teardrops" by Emmelie de Forest (2013)

Estonia: "Goodbye To Yesterday" by Elina Born & Stig Rastä (2015)/"Rändajad" by Urban Symphony (2009)

Finland: "Something Better" by Softengine (2014)/"Jezebel" by The Rasmus (2022)

France: "L'enfer et moi" by Amandine Bourgeois (2013)/"Évidemment" by La Zarra (2023)

Georgia: "Warrior" by Nina Sublatti (2015)/"Echo" by Iru (2023)

Germany: "Taken By A Stranger" by Lena (2011)/"Ghost" by Jamie-Lee (2016)

Greece: "Die Together" by Amanda Tenfjord (2022)/"Aphrodisiac" by Eleftheria Eleftheriou (2012)

Hungary: "What About My Dreams?" by Kati Wolf (2011)/"Running" by Andra Kallay-Saunders (2014)

Iceland: "Hear Them Calling" by Greta Salome (2016)/"10 Years" by Daði Freyr (2021)

Ireland: "Playing With Numbers" by Molly Sterling (2015)/"That's Rich" by Brooke (2022)

Israel: "Same Heart" by Mei Finegold (2014)/"Rak Bishvilo" by Moran Mazor (2013)

Italy: "La Mia Città" by Emma (2014)/"ZITTI E BUONI" by Måneskin (2021)

Latvia: "Aijā" by Sudden Lights (2023)/"Love Injected" by Aminata (2015)

Lithuania: "Stay" by Monika Linkyte (2023)/"Discoteque" by The Roop (2021)

*can't wait to see Luxembourg next year!!!*

Malta: "This Is The Night" by Kurt Calleja (2012)/"Je Me Casse" by Destiny (2021)

Moldova: "O Mie" by Aliona Moon (2013)/"Run Away" by Sunstroke Project & Olia Tira (2010)

Montenegro: "Adio" by Knez (2015)/"Breathe" by Vladana (2022)

Netherlands: "Arcade" by Duncan Laurence (2019) *CONGRATS ON 1B SPOTIFY STREAMS!*/"De Diepte" by S10 (2022)

North Macedonia: "Crno I Belo" by Kaliopi (2012)/"Jas Ja Imam Silata" by Gjoko Taneski (2010)

Norway: "Fairytale" by Alexander Rybak (2009)/"Queen Of Kings" by Alessandra (2023)

Poland: "Flashlight" by Kasia Moś (2017)/"River" by Ochman (2022)

Portugal: "Amar Pelos Dois" by Salvador Sobral (2017)/"Vida Minha" by Filipa Sousa (2012)

Romania: "Playing With Fire" by Paula Seling & Ovi (2010)/"Amnesia" by Roxen (2021)

*I would like to look into which artists do NOT support the war before sharing my favorites for Russia*

San Marino: "Adrenalina" by Senhit & Flo Rida (2021)/"Stand By" by Senhit (2011) *yes...same artist 10 years apart*

Serbia: "Samo Mi Se Spava" by Luke Black (2023)/"Goodbye (Shelter)" by Sanja Vučić ZAA (2016)

Slovakia: "Horehronie" by Kristina Pelakova (2010)/"Don't Close Your Eyes" by Max Jason Mai (2012)

Slovenia: "Carpe Diem" by Joker Out (2023)/"No One" by Maja Keuc (2011)

Spain: "Quedate Conmigo" by Pastora Soler (2012)/"Dancing In The Rain" by Ruth Lorenzo (2014)

Sweden: "Heroes" by Måns Zelmerlöw (2015)/"Popular" by Eric Saade (2011)

Switzerland: "Tout l'univers"/"Répondez-moi" both by Gjon's Tears (2021 & 2020 respectively)

Turkey: "We Could Be The Same" by maNga (2010)/"Dum Tek Tek" by Hadise (2009)

Ukraine: "Under The Ladder" by Mélovin (2018)/"Time" by O. Torvald (2017)

United Kingdom: "I Wrote A Song" by Mae Muller (2023)/"Never Give Up On You" by Lucie Jones (2017)

Thank you so much for joining me this year! Looking forward to the new year of Eurovision stuff!