#ethanol fire table

[tabletopfireshop]

7 Reasons to Choose a Bioethanol Fire Table:

bioethanolfiretable #ethanolfirepit #ethanolfiretable #bioethanolfirebowl #bioethanolfire #bioethanolfirepit #tabletopfireshop

[luckii-items]

Studio Home Office in Toronto Medium-sized modern freestanding desk in a white-walled home studio

[nelapanela94]

It is not of him to drown his sorrows in wine and rum, for the ethanol to teem his veins and cloud his mind. But tonight, it is the only way to cope with the thorns bleeding his heart. He waited until midnight for the building to be sober in slumber, for silence to lurk in every corridor and hall. The oil burns slowly, the dancing fire highlights his cheekbones and nose. The dark night of his pupils extinguished the bluish gray of his irises. His chin is perched in the hammock woven by his fingers, and two empty bottles flank his favorite mug.

The one that Isabel got him for his last birthday, the one with the doodles of him and her carved at the bottom. What’s the point of all this crap to live in the surface when he couldn’t protect them? One by one, they’re snatched away.

The door to the kitchen opens with a screech. His eyes flick from the wall to the door back to the wall.

“Oh, I didn’t mean to disturb you,” you utter your words softly like the summer breeze caressing his skin, but externally, he doesn’t flinch. You make your way across the kitchen with a tumbler in hand, looking down at the whorls on the wood, fiddling with the pendant of your necklace. Water gurgles, then something wrought in metal thuds against the countertop. “Are you ok?” You wipe your lips with the sleeve of your nightgown.

“Leave me alone,” he growls. “Just… go back to your room, it's not safe for you to be wandering around alone.”

A smile quirks up the corners of your lips. “Thanks for worrying about me, Levi.” The remains of water glint at the bottom of your mug. Your eyes soften, compassion twisting your lips. “I’m sorry for your loss.”

Levi closes his eyes and breaths in, the pressure in his chest making his shell crumble.

“Just fucking leave!” he barks this time. The coarse brambles of his voice bristling the tiny hairs on your arms.

“Good night, then.” You spin around, drops of water sprinkling the floor as you pad to the door.

“Y/N, wait.” Your hand is caught on the knob, and you look back over your shoulder.

“I didn’t mean to…”

“You’re mad and hurt, Levi. You need to vent not to lock it in.” You plod to the table where he’s sitting at, place the tumbler at the edge and wrap him in your arms. You smell nice, sweet like cherries, that’s the first thing his brain processes before he falls apart in your warmth. Beads of tears clump in his eyelashes, some roll down his face. And he clings onto you, finding refuge amid the debris.

“It’s ok to cry, Levi.” You coo, stroke his hair, inhale the scent of his clothes. “You don't always have to be the strongest.”

[a-weird-cryptid]

Definitely not me getting into My Hero Academia again, nOoOo...

Part 1/3

Name: Hiro Kimoto

Hero (turned Villain) Name: Atomite

Age: 22

Quirk: Atom Manipulation

Quirk Type: Emitter

They're able to manipulate and change any existing matter (living or non-living) at will on an atomic level, making it possible to change it's material, apprereance, temperature or similar. They don't need to make physical contact with their target for their manipulation to work.

(more details below)

Materials they're able to manipulate:

Raw Elements of the periodic table

Solids: silicate minerals, carbonates, oxides, sulfides, clay minerals, concrete, bricks, steel, plastics, glass, ceramics, wood, fabfics

Liquids: water, ethanol, acetic acid

Gases: carbon dioxide, methane

Hiro can also use their atom manipulation to mimick quirks of others, particularly some emitter types.

(First sketch/brainstorm)

(Possible) Applications:

Spike growth: by manipulating the ground and walls around them, they can create spikes, making the terrain more difficult and dangerous to navigate.

Stone wall: by manipulating their environment and air around them, Atomite can create and levitate stone walls that can be used to crush or rescue someone

Elemental Blade: By re-arranging atoms around themselves, Hiro is capable of creating sharp blades that can be used for range attacks or close combat.

Air shield: by increasing the density of air around them, they're capable to create strong, round, temporary shields, enabling protection from incoming attacks.

Lift: by lowering the air pressure above and increasing it underneath themselves, Hiro is capable to create lift, enabling them to fly.

Healing touch: By touching their desired target, Atomite can heal small, non-lethal wounds of them. Such as cuts or bruises.

Scorching flames: by creating and sustaining a combustion reaction beyond it's ignition point, Atomite can produce and manipulate flames.

Piercing ice: by cooling down the water molecules found around them, they can create and manipulate ice.

Limitations:

While they can manipulate any existing atoms however they please, they can't create nor destroy them. Atomite needs to understand the atomic components and structure of their target and whatever they want to change it into in order to manipulate it. If faced with a material which atomic components and structure are unknown to Hiro, their quirk effectively becomes useless.

If attempting to manipulate matter without knowing it's atomic components/structure, the chances of Hiro's quirk malfunction and/or firing back increase by half. This becomes even more dangerous when they get distracted or similar.

How hard it is to manipulate matter, depends on their state. Due to the predictable atomic structure, solids are the easiest to manipulate. Followed by liquids and lastly, gases.

Although Hiro can mimick quirks of others, this ability has it's limits. Due to the complexity of biology, they're unable to mimick transformation or heteromorphic quirks. They also can't mimic any emitter types based of electricity, the electro magnetic spectrum or similar. If the emitter isn't directly tied to the manipulation of atoms, Atomite can't mimick it.

They don't have the natural protection/resistance against mimicked quirks. When they use their "pyrokinesis", for example, their body part used to create fire gets burned. The longer they use it, the more severe those burns get.

When attempting to (re-)create animals (such as humans), Atomite's only capable of making a lifeless body. They also can't "fuse" two or more beings into a single one, without deadly consequences or spending months studying how to make the anatomy of the newly formed creature work. This process gets further complicated and extremely unpredictable if different people with quirks get "fused".

Using Atom Manipulation requires a lot of concentration and energy. If Atomite gets distracte­d or fails to stay focused, their quirk might malfunction. If they use their quirk too often in a short amount of time, it leads to extreme exhaustion and eventually loss of consciousness.

Due to this threshold being rather low, Atomite made sure they wouldn't be defenseless without using their quirk: their outfit is equipped with all sorts of gadgets, tools and weapons. It also hides their identity.

Further limitations before attending UA:

Atomite used to be unable to manipulate matter without physical contact. Only after excessive training, they were able to use the telekinetic part of their ability, making it possible to levitate and manipulate matter without touching it.

They also couldn't change the kinetic energy of atoms without endangering themselves. When attempting to cool things, the excess energy would transfer into their own body, heating it up. This lead to a fewer like state. When attempting to heat matter up, the kinetic energy needed for it would also come from their own body, leading to their temperature significantly dropping. This would often cause frost bites or similar. During their stay at UA, their learned to use the kinetic energy of their environment, instead of themselves. Manipulating atoms in such a way heats up or cools down whatever is around them respectively.

Backstory (Part 2/2)

Quirk Awakening -> Ultimate Move (Part 3/3)

(Regarding the edits: I decided to remove the backstory, since I came up with more details and thought it might get too long if included here. The backstory can be found in another post. See it like a part 2 of Hiro's character introduction)

[emilyapelt]

Table fireplace, table fire with decorative stones and 2 combustion chambers (tanks) for infinite burning time, organic ethanol fireplace, burning time, ethanol fireplace, indoor and outdoor table fire, balcony decoration

Get it here: https://amzn.to/3WibzEs

About this item:

• Unlimited burning time: table fireplace indoor table fire outdoor (without bio-ethanol) is equipped with 2 high-quality combustion chambers. Simply replace the combustion chambers and enjoy an almost unlimited night of the flame.

• Complete set: 1 indoor heating table fireplace, 2 burner chambers (canister), 2 ceramic wool, 1 stainless steel clip for changing burners, 1 fire extinguisher, decorative stones and an instruction manual (English language not guaranteed)

• Heat-resistant materials table stove: so that your ethanol table fireplace lasts a long time, it is made of powder-coated, stainless and cold-rolled steel, which together with the heat-resistant glass panes is very stable and durable.

• Easy to use: the table fireplace inside is easy to assemble and place. Simply add ethanol to light it and have a good time. Outdoor table fireplace is suitable for indoor and outdoor use, decorates your balcony, garden, dining table, room and creates a unique visual feeling.

• Romantic atmosphere: table fireplace bioethanol perfect for outdoor use on patios, balconies, log cabins, gardens, summer houses, party cabins, etc. Ideal for creating a romantic atmosphere in the living area. Suitable for living room, dining room, kitchen, bathroom, etc.

[klycaps30]

Green Cross Ethyl Alcohol

When Corona Virus first hit the health status of the country in the year 2019, each member of every family became vulnerable to getting infected. Along with this global health threat, many people have relied upon the use of disinfectants to protect themselves from this virus. One of the leading materials used for protection in this time of pandemic along with soap is the consumption of alcohol. Alcohol that is being used as a sanitizer can dissolve or denature protein structures inside active bacteria and viruses. One of the advantages of using rubbing alcohol is that it can be used as it is, and doesn’t need any other products to activate the germ-killing power. 

GreenCross Ethyl-based Alcohol in 70% solution is 99.99% effective to kill germs on contact and in forming barriers to prevent the passing of viruses, more specifically inhands-to-hands connection. Ethanol, a topical and organic substance to prevent skin infections, which roles as the product’smain component, guarantees provides optimum level of care forskin resiliency while being sanitized.

Aside from its uses in one’s hand or body, the GreenCrossethyl alcohol can also be used for cleaning and disinfectant purposes for various household materials. Personally, at home, this was used in tables, chairs and sofas, clothes, and body accessories, each of which is subjected to be a factor to transfer the virus. However, it should be noted that the product must avoid contact with the eyes and inhalation of vapor, also this product must be put away from sources of ignition as it may trigger a fire.

With all the different sanitizing alcohol products available on the market, consumers must be aware that the GreenCrossEthyl Alcohol does not only protect them from the virus but also has the care to moisturize their skin. 

[wisnkrhead]

Check out this listing I just added to my Poshmark closet: Tabletop Fire Pit Concrete- Mini Personal Fireplace, Fire Bowl, Indoor Outdoor.

[artfire1]

You purchase Tabletop Fireplace Fuel and many different merchandise like;"Best bioethanol fireplace" "Ethanol Fires" "Ethanol fireplace" "Bio ethanol fire table top" "Ventless Tabletop Fireplace" from the quality Company of China "Art Fireplace Technology Limited" in a correct fine and first-rate prices,it is placed at Foshan,Guangdong,China.

[seat-safety-switch]

I was raised in a barn, but that's because my parents were too busy working on an experimental race car and had been banished there by the other scientists. Of course, I still wouldn't think of leaving the door open. If I did, the cows would come in and shit all over my bedroom.

When I moved to a real house, with windows and carpet, the biggest life-quality improvement by far was the sudden presence of central heating. In the barn, the only heat was either from an old propane heater, or occasionally an uncontrolled methanol fire when one of my father's homebrewed 1000cc injectors would get stuck on.

For those of you who are unfamiliar, please note that methanol fires are invisible to the naked human eye. I was told if dad started doing a super funky dance out of nowhere, I should hose him down with a fire extinguisher without getting too close. This was only a problem around New Years when they got into the ethanol instead. Little chemistry joke there.

Come to think of it, the heat was still invisible in the real house. I'm sure it made me pretty anxious, but I soon got over it when I realized that the ends of my toes should have some feeling in them during the months of September to June. And I could leave food on the table without it freezing solid, or being stolen by one of the goats. Of course, my parents didn't agree, but that's why it was up to child protective services to make that call by this time.

Do I regret calling the cops on my folks? No. They knew what they were doing when they tried to brainwash me, an innocent child. All I had to do was tell the police that my parents said the Mitsubishi 6G72 was a reliable and power-dense race engine even in stock form.

[balkanradfem]

Alchemy

So, I've happened to absorb several pieces of media that led me to believe Alchemy can be learned today; mostly because the authors seemed to know alchemy and were using the names and symbols of it in a knowledgeable manner. 

I was charmed.

Alchemists had ancient and powerful sounding names for every substance: Aqua Vitae, Aqua Regia, Aqua Fortis, Cinnabar, Spirit of Salt, Spirit of Wine. This is so much more compelling than the periodic table of elements. It feels more accessible as well; where chemistry is designed for scientists working in a lab with synthesized substances, alchemy has stuff you can find in nature; Cinnabar is a type of rock they were extracting mercury from, Aqua Vitae is Ethanol, and they straight up have symbols for salt, vinegar and wine. Stuff that is used out of laboratories, and can be homemade. 

They have symbols for fire, water, distillation, sublimation, so if you had wanted to write a formula, you'd do so in little symbol drawings! Their symbols are similar to astrological ones, some are just Venus, Mars and Mercury, because they were connecting the dots about the universe thru Alchemy. So, I figured, if these people could gain all this knowledge for the sake of creating games and fanfics, I surely can do it as well. So I made a google search for all books on Alchemy I could get in pdf form, so excited to learn, hoping to find a good recipe for extracting useful substances for nature, maybe make some Water of Life at home? 

This is where the struggle begins.

Apparently the word 'Alchemy' can mean just about anything today, and be completely unrelated to the actual craft. First book I got was 'Alchemy of plants' and I thought, oh cool! I bet alchemists were extracting all kinds of substances from plants and its related to Herbology! I was wrong. The book's jive was 'Lets decide on astrological sign and planet for every plant!'. Which, okay, I guess it had a lot of herbalist knowledge in it, but it was not what I was looking for.

Now the second book I opened was way more serious; Encyclopedia of Alchemy, that just had to have some good, factual, practical, verified info. So I start reading and on the first page, there's a reference to Nicholas Flamel. I am intrigued; I didn't know he was real. So I go and look him up in the encyclopedia and there's a charming story of him being a scribe in France in 1330, seeing a book in a dream and acquiring it, translating it for 30 years with his wife, and then they made the philosopher's stone together. So now I'm like, wait a second. This book is telling me philosopher's stones are real. Metal to gold, elixir of life and all. And I am sus as hell but the book claims he afterwards had enough gold to build 3 churches and is super vague on his time of death.

Well that just had me scandalised and I had to wiki-check this and wiki is also vagueing at me and just avoiding the topic and I spent a good afernoon arguing with myself about the probability of philosopher's stone being real until I decided that the book was biased and couldn't be trusted.

I've been out of clues for a while then, because if I googled 'Alchemy recipes' it led me to the WorldOfWarcraft wiki, and anything else I got was philosopher's stone or New Age religion focused. The funny thing is, Alchemy knowledge was hard to come by back then too; the authorities in Europe were worried about the price of gold destabilizing due to all the philosophers stones them alchemists were making so they made it illegal which is all kinds of funny to me. 

My stump was broken when I stumbled upon this wiki site: Timeline of Women in Science. And I knew at once that this was what I'm looking for. Of course males defected alchemy and made it all abt gold and immortality; the women were actually creating practical and useful alchemy while they were falling in obsession with dreams of power.

There was an ancient chinese alchemist known by the name of Fang who knew how to make silver from mercury! Another of first alchemist named herself Cleopatra and is credited for inventing a device for distillation! Mary the Prophetess was another who was famous for knowing how to produce purple pigment, and possibly responsible for several alchemical contraptions. In the middle ages, there's Master Geng, another chinese female alchemist who distilled perfumes, extracted camphor into alcohol and used mercury to extract silver from ores. 

I am incredibly proud of all my predecessors and only wish I could summon them so they teach me everything they knew; this is incredibly useful knowledge. Distilling feels especially useful in nature because you can use it to purify any water into clean drinking one. All you need to do is heat it up to boil, collect the steam and have it condense and trickle down into a separate container; you now have purified water! It can be used to separate any two liquids with different boiling points.

This is as much as I've learned for now, unless we count in that one time I learned that you can measure pH with purple cabbage and blue pea flowers, which I learned before but it feels like Alchemy knowledge. So if you know more, or happen to have some secret source of Alchemy info, hit me up and we can start a new Alchemy Association, and maybe the government will ban us, in fear for the economy.

[chenziee]

Wake up

[Read on AO3 or under the cut]

For @lawlu-week‘s 10 Days of Lawlu Day 3: Stargazing

Ship: Law/Luffy Rating: Teen and up Words: 990 Tags: Post-Canon, i guess, Angst, Injury, no comfort in this house only hurt

Summary: The hardest surgeries aren't always the most difficult ones.

Notes: I am not sorry but in my defense... I published The Stars, the ocean, your warmth only like a week before the prompt list was announced so I had to do something ~different~ okay xD

----------

As he slid down the wall to sit on the cold, metal floor of the Polar Tang’s deck, Law felt all the built up exhaustion crashing down on him. It was a long, long day and it was far from over. They had somehow managed to get away from the navy ambush earlier that afternoon, but the price for their escape might end up being way too high.

He didn’t want to even think about it.

Shaking his head in an effort to clear his head, he tore his eyes away from the dark, wet stains on his pants and sighed. He wanted a cigarette; he didn’t even smoke, never had, but he still craved one. How ridiculous. Cora-san’s face flashed in front of his eyes and he growled, running his hands through his hair and ruffling it in frustration. Of course he would remember that face now; remember that goofy smile and the peace signs, the accidental fires, the ‘I love you’s. The blood. Right when he least needed it.

He really could use that fucking cigarette. Or about five shots of something strong, like pure ethanol. That could work, too.

He clicked his tongue in annoyance and irritation. He wished he could just shut his brain off, knock himself out, just for a few minutes. Anything to stop the shaking and the fear. But he couldn’t do that; what if something happened? What if it all went to shit? He needed to be able to be back in the operation room at a moment’s notice. He was the head surgeon, he was the one with the ultimate devil fruit. He was the only one who could work miracles.

A dark, humourless chuckle echoed around the deserted deck. Miracles my ass, Law thought, tugging at his hair harshly and welcoming the pain it brought. He wished he was a better doctor, a better surgeon. Wished he could actually work miracles. But no; he could only wait and pray at this point.

Suddenly, all the anger and energy left his body, the grip he had on his hair loosening until both his hands dropped to the ice-cold floor lifelessly. Law barely noticed the dull ache that shot from his hands to his arms at the impact; instead, a deep sigh passed through his lips as he let his head fall back until it came to rest against the wall, and Law could only blankly stare at the stars above that twinkled back at him so brightly, so happily, so without care as if mocking him.

Stars mocking him. Law really was exhausted.

But it really felt that way, didn’t it? Hell, it even was a new moon, making the stars that much shinier and more beautiful. Unwittingly, he noted it was the same the last time he was in this situation three years ago. Only that time he didn’t care this much.

Back then, the one on the operation table was just some guy he had barely just met a few days ago and whom he had decided to save from the war on a whim—because he was a D, because he was interesting, because punched a Celestial Dragon in the face. It would have hurt his pride if Monkey D. Luffy had died after all the trouble he went through to save him, but he wouldn’t have cared about him dying, not really.

This time was different. He wasn’t just some random patient. Neither was he just a potential asset, not anymore.

Law gulped heavily as tears welled in his eyes and he cursed quietly. He could still hear Luffy’s voice screaming at Kizaru to face him and only him. Could see his back as he threw himself in between Law and the admiral, protecting his lover from the beams of light with his own body. He could still feel his bloodied hand on his cheek from when Law teleported them both to the already submerged Tang, the younger man bleeding heavily and getting weaker by the second in his arms, yet still smiling like the idiot he was, saying how glad he was that Law was safe.  

He was shaking again. Law knew he had done everything he could; he knew it was now up to Luffy to make it through, and he knew Luffy was a fighter, stubborn to a fault and full of life, never giving up no matter how hopeless the situation—but that knowledge didn’t make the wait any easier.

Closing his eyes so that he didn’t have to watch the stupid, shiny dots in the sky, or the red, red blood on his pants, Law pulled his legs towards his chest as he curled into himself, hugging himself tightly and pressing his face into his knees. He took a deep breath, then another and another. It wasn’t helping. He was just so scared.  

Scared he was going to lose someone he loved again. Terrified he was going to be left behind again. Why did this always happen? Why every time he found someone important to him, someone he cared about and who cared about him in turn, someone who told him he mattered…. they died? Died for him? It wasn’t fair. He wished he was the one lying on the operating table instead. Wished he was the one who died on Minion Island.

Luffy would scold him for thinking that way, he was sure. He would tell him not to take everything upon himself, tell him he was worth it.  

Bullshit.  

But Law still wanted to hear his voice telling him that. Wanted to see him smiling, hear him laughing while Law paced around, complaining about his plans getting ruined again by Luffy and his crew of absolute idiots. Wanted to feel his warmth in his arms again.

He clenched his fists, his nails biting deep into the flesh of his palms, yet he barely noticed the sting.

“Luffy, please, wake up.”

[neuxue]

As an intellectual exercise (I'm not much of a drinker, either) what cocktail would constitute a proper "Blood on the Rocks of Shayol Ghul"?

Love this question, even just for the pun, but you really could not have asked it of a less-qualified person; I have never consumed an alcoholic beverage in my life, I can name maybe five cocktails and could mix none of them, I know the chemical structure of ethanol but almost none of its imbibable forms, I’ve made alcohol-burning lamps but never used a corkscrew...

Actually there’s a thought — at least one of the ingredients would be a low-density high-proof alcohol that is then set on fire, for Dramatic (and thematic) Effect. (Though alcohol tends to burn blue, so you might need some kind of edible colourant to get the proper Aesthetic™ . Red would be ideal but I can’t think of anything edible that would give a clean red flame, off the top of my head. Could potentially use table salt around the rim to turn it yellow, though that’s still not quite as ominous as I’d like. Maybe small amounts of potassium chloride, for a mostly non-toxic deep violet?  And a dusting of sugar for sparks?)

As for what this is suspended in for the actual, you know, substance of the cocktail rather than the amateur chemistry experiments involved in setting it on fire, I have no idea.

[dawninlatin]

Online classes are the worst

A manorian teacher AU

Words: 1381

AO3: Click here

Based on the prompt:

Teacher AU: When you realize Person A and Person B have the same background during zoom class and holy shit they are living together!?

By @perseannabeth​ (omg I hope you’re okay with me using this, if not please let me know!)

Manon was installed in her office - laptop open and an iced coffee next to her - currently giving a lecture in organic chemistry. She knew half of the class wasn’t paying attention. Knew that the muted microphones and turned-off cameras meant the student was scrolling down TikTok or sleeping or not even in the same room as their computer. But as long as she got through her lesson undisturbed, she didn’t care. It wasn’t her fucking problem if they didn’t want to learn. Organic chemistry was awesome.

Online classes was a challenge though. Manon needed to be in a physical classroom, needed to have a chalkboard to write on, needed to pace around, needed to do crazy and borderline dangerous experiments.

She had been a high school teacher for 6 years now, and she loved her job - most days, at least - but her students could never know that.

In those 6 years she had built herself a reputation of being the uncaring, cold and slightly manic science teacher. This was naturally because she had learned that the teens respected her if they were terrified of her. Nothing would beat the look of pure horror mixed with awe she had seen on the faces of twenty 16 year olds that one time she poured ethanol on her desk and then lit it on fire.

But now, instead of getting to do those kinds of experiments, she was confined to a small office in her small home, with nothing but a laptop to teach her students. It was driving her crazy.

Even if she preferred teaching in a physical classroom, Manon had to admit, she had gotten the hang of Zoom pretty quickly. They were only in their second week of online classes after all.

This lesson was going great, all things considered, at least until a message from Kyle Williams popped up on her screen. She couldn’t stop the look of horror on her face as she read it.

Kyle: Wait…isn’t that the same bookshelf Mr. Havilliard was sitting in front of yesterday?

Nora: OMG

Nora: It is!!!!!

Omar: Are they living together??

Manon tried ignoring the chat, tried continuing with her lecture, tried stopping the blush that was currently spreading on her face.

Kyle: Are they dating or something?

Ellen: I bet they’re sleeping together…

Ellen: Or what if they’re secretly married???

Freddie: Come on, can you imagine Ms. Blackbeak married to someone?

Kyle: And Mr. Havilliard of all people…

Theo: So they are sleeping together then?!

Nora: EW! I don’t wanna imagine them sleeping together…

She wanted to die. She had to quit her job, had to leave town, had to go away…she could never step foot in her classroom ever again…

Ellen: But now that you mention it, they always look at each other really weird

Theo: And they are staying in the same house atm…

Omar: What if they have kids?!

Freddie: Ms. Blackbeak does not have kids

Freddie: I have never even seen her smile, imagine her with Mr. Havilliard

Jenna: I’m freaking out over here…

Kyle: Omg, now I can’t stop imagining them having sex…

That was enough, she needed to end this before she died of humiliation. Then she needed to say goodbye to her loved ones, because she would be imprisoned for life for murdering a bunch of teenagers.

While closing the chat window - and ignoring the sound of countless more messages - she schooled her features back into a bored look. «Okay, that’s enough for today.»

The messages abruptly stopped, and Manon couldn’t help the smirk spreading on her face, beet read as it was. «I want you to spend the rest of the lesson reading through the chapter on organic chemistry, and then I want a 2000 word paper on a subject you find interesting in that chapter delivered to me by Monday.»

Writing a paper hadn’t been part of her plan, but she needed to do something to make her students suffer, if only to stop herself from committing murder.

Manon ended the meeting, not bothering with the groans and complaints coming from her students. She had to quit her job now, anyway…

She shut the laptop, pushed her chair back from the desk, leaned her head back and closed her eyes.

«FUCK!»

-

Dorian was sitting at the kitchen table, grading book reports when he heard his girlfriend curse loudly, before marching across the hall and slamming the bedroom door shut. He silently counted to ten before standing up and following her.

Opening the door, he found that Manon was already lying under the cover, ignoring his presence. Dorian was curious to what had put her in such a mood - wasn’t she supposed to have a lecture right now? - but he knew his girlfriend, knew he needed to wait until she was ready to talk about whatever was wrong.

These past two weeks had been hard on them, but Manon especially. Not only because of the virus, he thought to himself. Dorian was doing okay, he didn’t mind staying inside, and he’d gotten a lot more time to read lately, but Manon wasn’t like him. She hated staying inside, hated sitting still. She might not admit it, but he knew the lockdown was challenging for her.

While slipping of his jacket, he padded over to their bed, laying down beside her. He gave her a few seconds to tell him to fuck off, before scooting closer and putting his arms around her when she stayed silent. She sighed at the contact, pulling the covers down slightly so he could see part of her face.

«Apparently, Kyle fucking Williams is in your English class, because during my science lecture today he noticed we use the same room.» Hearing the anger and annoyance in her voice, Dorian tried his best not to laugh, but as she gave him a deadly glare, he knew he had failed.

«Is it so bad? That they know, I mean.»

Manon groaned, burying her face in the covers once again. «I’m so embarrassed,» she said, her voice muffled.

Dorian let out a small chuckle, pulling her closer. Manon had been clear from the beginning of their relationship about how they couldn’t be seen together at work. He had been a little unsure of hiding it, but she had assured him that this was all about her, and all about her reputation at school, so Dorian respected her wishes. Manon wasn’t comfortable with displaying affection publicly in the same way that he was. She kept her feelings to herself, and those that were the closest to her. And Dorian had to admit, he kinda liked being the only one she truly opened up to. The only one who saw her smile and laugh and being giddy with love. It made him feel special. Even if he wanted to shout from the rooftops how much he loved Manon Blackbeak.

«It’s forgotten in a few weeks,» he said to her in an attempt to lure her out of her hiding spot.

«They’ll never listen to me again,» she complained, her head now peeking out.

Dorian pressed a light kiss to her forehead. «You’ll be just as awesome and just as scary as before, promise.»

She rolled her eyes in answer. «Why should I trust you?»

«Because you love me?» He poked her lightly in the side, now determined to make her smile.

Manon shook her head, murmuring something that sounded like «not in the slightest» into the thick blanket.

«You’re adorable right now, you know that?» Dorian teased, peppering her face with kisses. He expected her to bat his hand away, but she only leaned into his chest, sighing in defeat.

«You’re not making the situation any better right now…»

«You’ll be fine. Besides-,» he trailed his hands down her body, to her stomach, and the small bump that had begun to form, «they’ll definitely know in six months, cause we’ll have a baby then.»

Manon turned around so she faced him, a small smile finally playing on her lips. Dorian met her eyes, and found himself slightly taken aback by the amount of love and adoration he felt for this woman. «I love you,» he whispered against her lips.

«I love you too,» she whispered back, her mouth meeting his.

A/N: Hey!

I am sory for the mess that is this fic, I don't even know what I'm doing anymore, I need sleep...

Also, I'm sorry for not writing a new chapter of Queen of Peace, but that chapter will take time, and time is something I do not have atm, sooooo, I will try and update it on Friday:)

If you bothered reading all of it, congrats, I stan<3

I love reading your comments, so feel free letting me know what you think:)

Also did anyone get the vine reference...? God I really should sleep...

*lots of smoochies*

-Dawninlatin<3

[irispublishersagriculture]

Iris Publishers - World Journal of Agriculture and Soil Science (WJASS)

Remediation Methods of Crude Oil Contaminated Soil

Authored by Ding Xuezhi,

Crude oil is a quick and easily accessible source of energy, making our life comfortable and raising the standards of living. It can be found naturally in many parts of the world, particularly in the USA, Russia, Romania, Iran, Mexico, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Libya, and Nigeria [1]. The petroleum industries generate billion tons of crude oil, natural gas and its derivatives every year. All of these are then undergone further processing for the production of refined products such as diesel, gasoline, petrol and lubricants [2]. It is recorded by international energy agency that demand of oil all over the world in 2015 was 97 million barrels/day which is expected to be 100 million barrels/day up to 2021 [3].

Crude oil is composed of volatile liquid hydrocarbons with varying molecular weight and structure. It contains more than 17,000 hydrocarbons and its classification are based on the most prevalent compound present in it. The three main hydrocarbons components present in crude oil are compiled in Table 1 [4-6].

Crude oil contamination is one of the major environmental problems effecting aquatic and terrestrial environments. At present, approximately 80% of lands are affected by petroleum origin products i.e., hydrocarbons and these products are used in oil and chemical industries as energy source [7]. Crude oil makes a covering on the surface of soil and causes the retention of carbon dioxide produced by soil organisms. It also decreases the soil porosity by sticking the soil particles together. The amount of loss depends on the amount and grade of oil spilled [1].

Many accidental spillages of crude oil have threatened the nature. The largest accident in the history of mankind that caused environmental disaster is “Gulf war oil spill” (1991). This accident caused the spill of millions of gallons of crude oil from destroyed oil wells into the water and surrounding land covering 49 square km of an area [8]. Similarly, “Keystone pipeline accident” (2017) is another disaster of oil spillage. This spill caused the spread of 210,000 gallons of oil on the grass as well as in the agricultural area at southeast of the small town of Amherst in northeast South Dakota [9].

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) present in crude oil, declared as primary environmental pollutant by the United States Environmental Protection Agency are mutagenic and carcinogenic [10]. A prolonged contact time of stable PAH with soil stimulate the phenomenon called soil aging, leading to the resistant of soil to any treatment [11]. Leakage of these contaminants from the soil to the ground water can pose risk to human health, vegetation and biological environment [7]. So, it is very important to clean the soil from these harmful substances to guard life from their deadly effects. Besides, by remediating oil contaminated sites more land can be available for residence as well as agricultural activities.

Numerous countries are developing their own strategies to cope with the soil contamination done by crude oil e.g., Lebanon, Kuwait and some other middle east countries have organized oil spill working groups by the aid of environment research organizations for assessment and future remediation of the affected areas [2]. Numerous methods for the removal of crude oil from the contaminated soil have been devised. A quick, nature friendly and cost-effective method is required for this purpose. This review focuses on the current developments of some generally accepted remediation techniques used to treat crude oil contaminated soil.

Chemical Methods

Chemical oxidation is an efficient method to remove dangerous wastes from the soil at the oil spilled sites. The efficiency of this method strongly depends on the soil matrix. Fenton’s reagent, a mixture of Hydrogen peroxide and Ferric ion, is used for chemical oxidation. Hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidizing agent that generates hydroxyl ions during Fenton’s reaction while ferric ion acts as catalyst. Hydroxyl ions are very powerful and effective agents that destroy the contaminants present in the soil [12,13] demonstrated that removal of oil from sand at lower pH by using Fenton’s reagent is much efficient than at natural pH or peat.

Another efficient oxidant that is used for the removal of crude oil from soil is ozone. It is easy to generate, store and handle for in situ treatment. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are more reactive with ozone in comparison o alkanes. Reactivity of poly aromatic hydrocarbons depends on the number of rings, heteroatoms presence or absence and alkylation level. Ozone also support microbial community present in the soil as it generates oxygen on its degradation, so it can be helpful in bioremediation method to aid microbial growth [14]. Chemical method is a quick way to treat contaminated soil, but chemicals may pose a serious threat to the nearby soil and living beings due to leaching or side reactions.

Physical Methods

Excavation of crude oil contaminated soil is the quickest and safe way but not a sophisticated and cheap method. The contaminated soil is removed and transported to appropriate landfill for the disposal. The samples are collected from bottom and sidewalls of the excavated area to check if the site is clean or not [15-17].

Another physical method is the washing of contaminated soil. Washing with organic solvents such as ethanol- water mixture and ethyl acetate-acetone-water mixture exhibited significant removal of hydrocarbons from the contaminated soil [18-20]. Soil washing does not only treat the oil contaminated soil but also remove the heavy metals from the soil. The efficiency of washing can be enhanced by the addition of surfactants. Studies showed that both artificial and natural surfactants are helpful in the removal of crude oil. Different surfactants remove different fractions of crude oil e.g. artificial surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) removed aliphatic hydrocarbons while natural surfactants saponin and rhamnolipid removed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the contaminated soil [21]. This method no doubt is simple and efficient, however, it is very prolonged, time consuming and very costly. Transportation of contaminated soil to disposal site is another big problem. Surfactants might be dangerous due to their possibility of adhesion to soil particles.

Thermal Methods

In Thermal stripping/low temperature thermal desorption/soil roasting contaminated soil is heated to very low temperature (200- 1000 °F) to increase the vaporization and separation of low boiling point contaminants from the soil. By this process organic contaminants can be completely or partially decomposed depending upon the thermal stripping temperature and organic compounds present in the soil. [22]. This method can remove approximately 90% of the contaminants but it is very costly and not eco-friendly.

Another way to remove crude oil from the soil is incineration. The contaminated soil is burned by using fire at high temperature (1600-2500 °F) [1]. This method is also not environmentally friendly as volatile and flammable compounds present in crude oil will cause the environment pollution.

Biological Methods

Bioremediation is a traditional method that involves the use of living organisms (bacteria, fungi and plants) to degrade harmful substances present in the environment. Bioremediation of crude oil from the soil is very efficient, cheap and environmentally friendly solution. The effectiveness of this method is depended on hydrocarbon concentration, soil characteristics and composition of pollutants [8].

PAH are the most resistant and toxic group of soil pollutants present in the crude oil. PAH get trapped in the soil pores after they enter into the soil and retained by the soil matrix. So, their removal from the soil is very difficult [23]. Bioremediation is the most suitable method to remove PAH from the soil as microbes and plant roots can access these tiny pores easily.

Microbe assisted remediation

Soil is a diverse ecosystem as it inhabits various microbial populations. The composition of naturally residing microbes change with the composition and concentration of contaminants, so only resistant consortium of microbes survives and work actively in the cleaning of polluted soil [24]. Hydrocarbon degrading microbes are extensively present naturally in the contaminated soil and breakdown complex hydrocarbons into simple form by the use of their enzymatic systems.

Different bacterial genera chose different types of hydrocarbons for the degradation (Table 2) and they can also work in both aerobic and anaerobic condition. In anaerobic condition, bacteria present in the deepest parts of the sediments use nitrates, sulfates and iron as electron acceptor to degrade the hydrocarbons. Some of the species of anaerobic bacteria belonging to genus Desulfococcus, Thauera, Dechloromonas and Azoarcus exhibit hydrocarbon degradation ability [25-26].

While in aerobic condition, bacterial dioxygenase enzymes incorporate oxygen into carbon molecule through a series of enzyme catalyzed reactions to generate hydrocarbon with alcohol group. Alcohol groups are oxidized to aldehyde and then converted into carboxylic group by the action of other enzymes which in turn is degraded to acetyl co-A by beta oxidation [27].

The major bacterial genera that showed crude oil degrading capability are Alcaligenes, Sphingomonas, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Nocardia, Acinetobacter, Micrococcus, Achromobacter, Rhodococcus, Alcaligenes, Moraxella, Mycobacterium, Aeromonas, Xanthomonas, Athrobacter, Flavobacterium, Micrococcus, zospirillum [1, 2,8,27- 30].

Fungal mycelium is very helpful in the degradation of hydrocarbons because of their penetration ability, it also aids in the entrance of bacteria to the deep soil. Fungal laccase, lignin peroxidase and manganese peroxidase enzymes degrade the hydrocarbons by its oxidation [31]. Crude oil degradation has been shown by some members of the following fungal genera: Candida, Stropharia, Rhodotorula, Pleurotus, Penicillium, Phanerochaete, Fusarium [8, 14, 32,27].

Microbial remediation of contaminated soil is affected by many factors such as water amount, temperature and pH of soil, concentration of oxygen, soil quality and amount of nutrients. Change in any of these factors can decrease the population of microbes and in turn decreases the bioremediation [33].

Microbial activity can be accelerated by using bioaugmentation and bio stimulation strategies. In bioaugmentation exogenous oil degrading bacteria are supplemented to enhance soil microbiota while in bio stimulation addition of nutrients, aeration and optimization of physical conditions like pH and temperature is performed. Research has shown that bioaugmentation and bio stimulation when used together effectively remediate crude oil hydrocarbons polluted soil. It has been observed that the number of exogenous bacteria decreases after sometimes because of nutrient unavailability or other abiotic factors (pH, temperature or oxygen). So, bio stimulation incorporation with bioaugmentation provided effective results in the degradation of crude oil pollutants (Figure 1) [1,23,30,34-36]. Different types of surfactants produced by many microorganisms are called biosurfactants. These biosurfactants enhance the bioavailability of hydrocarbons to the microbes and in turn increases its degradation. Use of biosurfactants producing microbes is a good bioremediation choice as this process is cheap, nontoxic with efficient degradation rate. So, researchers have turned their focus towards such microbes that can degrade crude oil and produces biosurfactants at the same time [37].

Phytoremediation

Phytoremediation is an effective, solar driven and low-cost strategy that uses plants for the removal of contaminants from the soil of large contaminated area. Plants have the ability to grow in polluted soil by metabolizing or accumulating the harmful compounds in their roots or shoots [45].

Plants with extended root systems, minimum water requirement, adaptability to a variety of environmental conditions and fast growth rate are appropriate for this purpose [46]. Phytoremediation efficiency depends on the plant species selection, environmental conditions and rhizobacteria [47].

Analysis of soil of the Possession Island after diesel leakage in 1997 showed that area with vegetation has 10% low concentration of hydrocarbons as compared to non-vegetation area [48].

Different mechanisms are devised by plants for the removal of contaminants i.e., phytoaccumulation (absorption of contaminants into the roots or shoots), phytodegradation (degradation of pollutants by utilization of plant enzymes such as laccase, oxygenase and nitroreductase), phytovolatization (release of volatile metabolites into the atmosphere) and phytostabilization (decrease the movement of contaminants) [11,49,50] reported that two plant species i.e., Eleusine indica and Cynodon dactylon significantly eliminated some low to medium molecular weight PAH from the soil by phytoextraction process, indicating their use in the removal of PAH.

Maize plants showed enhanced biodegradation in association with Cynanchum laeve. This symbiotic relationship between maize roots and Cynanchum laeve degraded 4-6 rings PAH more efficiently than any other treatment [11].

Vetiver grass, belongs to the Poaceae family, is a perennial grass. It decontaminates the soil by extraction of PAH and other toxins from the soil and accumulating it in the roots and shoots. This plant showed negative effect on its growth and other physical activities when grown on soil contaminated with diesel [51] Mirabilis jalapa, is also considered a good candidate for phytoremediation. [52] investigated that M. jalapa can remove 41-63% of saturated hydrocarbons within 127 days when compared with natural attenuation process (Figure 2).

Similarly, ryegrass, alfalfa, tall fescue, prairie grasses, meadow fescue, yellow medick, soybeans, Gazania, Mimosa pudica, Cyperus rotundus have shown good crude oil remediation [53-60].

With all the advantages, phytoremediation also has some drawbacks i.e., it is a time-consuming process, limited remediation in high pollutants concentration and limited area of success [47].

Rhizoremediation (Plant-microbe assisted remediation- recent technology)

Rhizoremediation requires such plants that can grow in oil contaminated soil and also provide favorable environment to contaminants degrading microbes by exudates secretion or aeration. Plant-microbe strategy not only increases the metabolic activity of rhizosphere microbes, but it also improves the soil physical and chemical properties and increases microbial access to the contaminants present in the soil [56].

PAH degrading bacterial strain Rhodococcus ruber Em1 showed enhanced degradation rate when combined with Orychophragmus violaceus during the period of 175 days in a controlled environment (mesocosms). The expressions of linA and RHD like genes, coding PAH-ring hydroxylating dioxygenase, increase 3-5 times in the mesocosoms [42]. Enhanced degradation of contaminants by maize plant was observed when maize plant was provided with indigenous microbial biomass inoculum [61].

Glycine max (Soybean) plant is among those plants that exhibit hydrocarbon remediating capability. Research showed that soybean remediation of crude oil was not because of the phytoaccumulation but it was a mutual action of G. max and rhizospheric microbes. It was observed that Glycine max growth in the contaminated soil effect the total number of bacteria, amount of water, pH and organic matter quantity [62].

A study conducted on wheat plant in hydroponics condition showed that wheat seedlings eliminate more than 20% of oil from the medium, but this remediating ability enhances to 29% when grown in association with Azospirillum [63].

Bioremediation of oil contaminated soil by using yellow alfalfa in combination with Acinetobacter sp. strain S- 33 improved the remediation efficiency 39% in comparison to alone alfalfa (34%) and Acinetobacter sp. S-33 (35%). Fractional Contaminants analysis showed that plant microbe association is the most efficient strategy in the cleanup of aromatic hydrocarbons from the soil [63].

Plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPR) promote the tolerance and resistance of plants against contaminants present in the soil. Ryegrass when grown with PGPR showed increased degradation of hydrocarbons to 61.5% for 3 years when 13% TPH content was used. It was observed that low concentration enhanced the degradation and vice versa [3,64].

Crude oil after leakage gets trapped or physically bound with the soil particles; access to these micro spaces is made possible by plant roots. Roots of plants harbor microbes in the rhizosphere as well as on the surface. So, root generates a pathway for these microbes to have access to these contaminants. Once in the soil micropores, GPR increases the solubility of oil droplets by producing biosurfactants or by adhering to the surface of the oil droplets. Microbial surface membrane oxygenase’s than generate fatty acid analogues by adding oxygen atoms into PHC. In this way microbes keep on growing and degrading contaminants. Tentatively, microbes use 150mg of nitrogen and 30mg of potassium to degrade 1g of PHC [65]. Utilization of plants and microbes in collaboration is indeed a good strategy to recovery contaminated soil. It might be a long process, but it is safer and environment friendly. Further field experiments must be performed to develop good models.

Conclusion

Crude oil is a quick and easily accessible energy source found in most of the countries. Its leakage during extraction and transportation has posed danger to the environment because it contains mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds. Soil contamination due to crude oil leakage has adverse effects on human and vegetation growth so its removal is essential. Many methods have been developed to remove crude oil from the soil i.e., physical, chemical, thermal and biological. Many alterations and development have been introduced in Physio-chemical and thermal methods to enhance their efficiency and reduce their demerits. Still these methods have many drawbacks and less acceptable by the society. On the other hand, bioremediation methods are preferred because they are efficient, cheap and nature friendly. In the recent technology i.e., rhizoremediation, microbes and plants are combined together in synergistic relationship to efficiently remove the crude oil contaminants from the soil. Research has shown that rhizoremediation is more efficient than microbial and phytoremediation techniques separately.

To read more about this article: https://irispublishers.com/wjass/fulltext/remediation-methods-of-crude-oil-contaminated.ID.000595.php

Indexing List of Iris Publishers: https://medium.com/@irispublishers/what-is-the-indexing-list-of-iris-publishers-4ace353e4eee

Iris publishers google scholar citations: https://scholar.google.co.in/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=irispublishers&btnG=

[snowdice]

I'd imagine Logan's lab table was probably the same kind of table held in the science labs at the college he works at. Which means that they're usually made to be pretty fireproof among other things, so even more impressive that Virgil was able to set it on fire, (or at least make a fire on it) and Logan's fascination is the correct reaction imo. XD [1/2]

My old chemistry professor used to have piles of minerals he lit on fire for day one of class to show how the color of the flames changed based on chemical makeup of the minerals, which is how fireworks happen. (And just... kept squirting more ethanol on when the flames died down. XD ) one kid in previous semesters had made his final project to see if he could actually get the tabletop to burn (the legs were wooden, and not a challenge)... the concrete floor he tested it on burned instead. [2/2]

All chemistry professors are like that, huh? Wow, that’s a really fireproof table lol. XD

As for the table, I was envisioning it as a normal table as he probably doesn’t do fire experiments on it often, but it would be kind of funny if it was supposed to not burn. Virgil could probably catch something like that on fire though if he focused.