#et classified ad booking

[releasemyad1]

Discover Endless Opportunities with Economic Times Classifieds!

[newspaper-advertisement]

Unlock Unmatched Visibility with Advertisements in The Economic Times

[newspaper-advertisements]

Unlock the Power of Economic Times Classifieds: Reach Your Target Audience!

[perseverantdt]

How ChatGPT was Trained

Moving to the actual training, we can look at OpenAI's paper about how they trained GPT-3, which can be found here. Since InstructGPT, and ChatGPT by extension, is based on GPT-3, we can find some insights on how they were trained by seeing how GPT-3 was trained. It is important to note, though, that ChatGPT uses GPT-3.5 rather than GPT-3. While GPT-3.5 is considered a subclass of GPT-3, OpenAI does not classify GPT-3.5 in GPT-3, and there's likely a reason for this. Unfortunately, I could not find this reason. If anyone knows this, let me know.

Continuing the train of training architecture, GPT-3 is "trained with the same model and architecture as GPT-2". In the paper which details out GPT-2 is trained, which can be found here, GPT-2 was trained using a web scrape made by OpenAI which focuses on data quality. Called WebText, this web scrape "only scraped web pages which have been curated/filtered by humans". Interestingly, OpenAI used Reddit as a starting point for WebText, as "filtering a full web scrape would be exceptionally expensive".

OpenAI writes in the GPT-2 paper the training model used for that series. However, this is where my lack of expertise shows. I'm having a hard time understanding the details of this training model, and I am not going to read 4 additional papers to fully understand the intricacies of how GPT-2 was trained. For those who want to look deeper into that, this is what OpenAI says about how GPT-2 was trained.

We use a Transformer (Vaswani et al., 2017) based architecture for our LMs. The model largely follows the details of the OpenAI GPT model (Radford et al., 2018) with a few modifications. Layer normalization (Ba et al., 2016) was moved to the input of each sub-block, similar to a pre-activation residual network (He et al., 2016) and an additional layer normalization was added after the final self-attention block. A modified initialization which accounts for the accumulation on the residual path with model depth is used. We scale the weights of residual layers at initialization by a factor of 1/√N where N is the number of residual layers. The vocabulary is expanded to 50,257 [tokens]. We also increase the context size from 512 to 1024 tokens and a larger batch size of 512 is used.

Source: Language Models are Unsupervised Multitask Learners (openai.com)

If anyone knows exactly what this means, feel free to chime in.

Going back to the GPT-3 paper, OpenAI outlines the datasets used to train GPT-3. These include:

A Common Crawl dataset, filtered using a classifier based on WebText, Wikipedia, and their web books

WebText2, an expanded version of WebText

Two internet-based books corpora

English-language Wikipedia

Given that ChatGPT does not know anything beyond September 2021, I can confidently say that OpenAI used a filtered version of CC-MAIN-2021-39 as the CC dataset for training GPT-3. CC-MAIN-2021-39 is the dataset that Common Crawl released for their September 2021 crawl. The original dataset contains 97 versions of Archive of Our Own's website and more than 12 thousand entries under the /works endpoint. This endpoint contains every story in Ao3. That count is not an exhaustive count. I'm sure that 12921 entries only accounts for the first block of data that they retrieved with my query. It wouldn't be an overreach to say that every single chapter that was posted before September 2021 is most definitely in CC-MAIN-2021-39.

And it's not like this was a new thing. Common Crawl has been crawling the web since 2008, with CC-MAIN-2008-2009 being their very first dataset. I don't remember exactly when AO3 included the option for writers to hide their works from web crawlers, but if you posted a chapter before that option was released, it's very likely that Common Crawl has it in CC-MAIN-2023-14, their latest dataset for March/April 2023. If a search engine can find your work, Common Crawl certainly can.

Conclusions and Speculations

Knowing all that, we can say that OpenAI uses/will use prompts to fine-tune text completion models that they are developing. With how fine-tuning works, it wouldn't be a stretch to say that ChatGPT is included in this list of models that they're fine-tuning. Plus, as someone who is actively using ChatGPT, I can see that it is constantly improving over time. I have a prompt that I sent to ChatGPT a month ago which it consistently lost context on the next message. However, that same prompt now remains in context in the next message as of today. This is a clear indicator that some level of fine-tuning occurs behind the scenes. However, having prompts used for fine-tuning does not mean that those same prompts will be used as basis for its responses. It has to be trained on those prompts. Fine-tuning will only improve the quality of its responses. It won't learn anything new through that.

As proof, ask ChatGPT, without using any form of browsing plugins nor providing it with any context, about any of the following. These are topics which either should have received quite a lot of prompts on ChatGPT by now or are famous enough to be in multiple websites, all of which have most definitely been crawled by Common Crawl. And yet, by virtue of its training dataset having a cutoff date of September 2021, I can guarantee that it will not be able to tell you anything about them. If it does, it is most likely a hallucination. Try it again and see if ChatGPT returns the exact same thing.

.NET 7: This is a version of .NET that was released in November 2022. Its first preview version was released February 17th 2022.

discord.py 2.2.3: This is the latest version of discord.py as of me writing this. The latest version before September 2021 is 1.7.3, released on June 13, 2021.

Stranger Things Season 4: The first set of seven episodes was released on May 27, 2022. The second set of two episodes was released on July 1, 2022.

Harry's House by Harry Styles: This is the third studio album of Harry Styles, announced on March 23, 2022. It was released on May 20, 2022.

As to whether they use prompts to train their models, there's not much for us to definitively say yes or no. There's arguments for and against that notion. On one hand, their prompt dataset is a treasure trove of writing samples. It contains all kinds of writing styles, contexts, and other information valuable when training text completion. On the other hand, it is also filled with prompts with improper grammar, typographical errors, potential misinformation, and various other garbage. It could be filtered out, and they've said that they do filter training data. How they do that is very much a blackbox, but with how they filtered Common Crawl for GPT-3, I'm inclined to believe that they at least have that covered. They could easily do the same with their prompt dataset.

After seeing one-too-many posts about how sending prompts (stories, specifically) to ChatGPT allows it to use that prompt to base its response on, I decided to look into what really happens when someone prompts ChatGPT with something. I looked into the various policies that OpenAI adheres to, as well as the various blog posts they've made on their website. Even without knowing what goes on in the blackbox that is ChatGPT, we can still figure out quite a lot about what OpenAI does with user prompts.

It's extremely nuanced, and I would like to invite everyone to read this in full, just to know what happens to their prompts. I won't try to convince you that you should or shouldn't use ChatGPT. This isn't the purpose of this post. This is just meant to be an informative text about the stuff that most people wouldn't know about.

Disclaimer: I do not claim to be an expert in large language models, nor in machine learning in general. Moreover, parts of these may be inaccurate as I do not have access to OpenAI's internal systems. All of these are inferences based on their policies, papers, and the assumption that nothing extremely shady happens behind closed doors.

TL;DR: Prompts you send to ChatGPT gets used to fine-tune their text completion models. Because of how fine-tuning works, it's not a stretch to say that this includes ChatGPT. However, ChatGPT cannot learn from your prompts, as it is not being trained on those. If you provide it with writing through a prompt, it won't be able to replicate that writing style permanently. On the other hand, it is possible that text completion models in training are being trained from your prompts. This is not explicitly stated, but it is plausible that they use a filtered version of their prompt dataset to train their text completion models.

Training LLMs With Prompts?

What Happens to Prompts

Let's take a quick look at ChatGPT and the company behind them, OpenAI. Reading into their Terms of Service, they outright state that whatever data you send them gets used to train their large language models (LLMs). In their words:

We do not use Content that you provide to or receive from our API (“API Content”) to develop or improve our Services. We may use Content from Services other than our API (“Non-API Content”) to help develop and improve our Services. ... If you do not want your Non-API Content used to improve Services, you can opt out by filling out this form. Please note that in some cases this may limit the ability of our Services to better address your specific use case.

Source: Terms of use (openai.com)

Now, what exactly is it that they consider as API and Non-API Content? This is actually pretty straightforward. If you head over to OpenAI's API Playground, you can have a look at what they consider API content. If you're using the API Playground for your completions, that is considered API content. Whenever you use their API, OpenAI bills your account depending on your usage. This is likely the reason why API content is an opt-in when it comes to data collection. On the other hand, prompts and responses from ChatGPT, is considered non-API content. OpenAI does not bill you for using these services. Although ChatGPT Plus is a paid subscription service that gives access to more functionalities, the use of ChatGPT is completely free. As such, your prompts to ChatGPT get used to train their LLMs, even if you paid for ChatGPT Plus.

OpenAI's Privacy Policy states exactly which kind of information they collect from you. Reading into them, there's nothing noteworthy about them. I'm not going to say that them collecting "your name, contact information, account credentials, payment card information, and transaction history" is some sort of danger. These are the usual kinds of data that any company with some form of online payment will collect. As stated in their privacy policy, these are data that you provide when "you create an account to use our Services or communicate with us". When pertaining to prompts, they explicitly state that they "may collect Personal Information that is included in the input, file uploads, or feedback that you provide to our Services". As such, it is important that when you use ChatGPT (or any text completion AIs for that matter), you do not include any identifying information in your prompts.

OpenAI's API data usage policy states that they retain API data (that is, user prompts) for 30 days "for abuse and misuse monitoring purposes." We can assume that this is their policy for data that does not get used for model training. As for data that gets used for model training, OpenAI does not explicitly state how long they store them. The only thing they say about such data is that they "only keep this information for as long as we need it to serve its intended purpose". This is written in their blog post about how ChatGPT and their other text completion models are developed. Given that such data needs to be stored long-term to be usable for model training, I think we can safely assume that these kinds of data are stored essentially forever. If such data is no longer necessary or useful for training, then they might remove it from their systems. Whether they do so isn't something I can confirm or deny.

[onlineadvertisements]

[hallmark-movie-fanatics]

Hallmark Reveals April Movie Lineup (Exclusive/ETOnline)

HALLMARK CHANNEL'S "SPRING INTO LOVE" All premieres are at 8 p.m. ET/PT.

Just One Kiss

Starring: Krysta Rodriguez, Santino Fontana, Illeana Douglas, Aida Turturro Premieres: Saturday, April 2 Through a series of chance encounters, sparks fly between college literature professor Mia (Rodriguez) and Tony (Fontana), a headliner at a Manhattan supper club. Unbeknownst to them, Mia’s mother, Marlene (Douglas), and Tony’s mother, Sofia (Turturro), are working some maternal matchmaking magic.

A Royal Runaway Romance

Starring: Philippa Northeast, Brant Daugherty Premieres: Saturday, April 9 Princess Amelia of Bundbury (Northeast) travels across America to explore a budding romance with an artist, only to fall in love with her bodyguard, Grady (Daugherty).

Love, Classified

Starring: Melora Hardin, Arienne Mandi, Katherine McNamara, Max Lloyd-Jones Premieres: Saturday, April 16 Romance novelist Emilia (Hardin) is a whirlwind who blows back into the lives of her adult children, Taylor (McNamara) and Zach (Lloyd-Jones), under the pretense of a book signing arranged by her hometown’s local book shop. As Emilia tries to reconnect, Taylor and Zach explore new and past relationships through an app that boasts old-fashioned human connection by way of the classified ad. Zach is given a chance to heal old wounds while Taylor matches with a woman that changes the way she’s always thought about love.

A Tail of Love

Starring: Brittany Bristow, Chris McNally Premieres: Saturday, April 23 Bella (Bristow) learns her dog rescue’s future is in question when they lose funding from their main sponsor, a dog food company that’s being sold. The late owner’s son, JR (McNally), is a soldier who is home on leave to handle the sale. During a visit to the rescue, JR quickly bonds with Indie, a retired military dog they just took in, and begins spending more time there. When Bella learns the rescue’s property is also being sold, she turns to JR for help with finding the missing document proving her grandparents purchased the land many years before.

HALLMARK MOVIES & MYSTERIES' APRIL MOVIES All premieres are at 9 p.m. ET/PT.

Always Amore

Starring: Autumn Reeser, Tyler Hynes, Patty McCormack Executive producer: Giada De Laurentiis Premieres: Sunday, April 3 Elizabeth (Reeser), with the support of her mother-in-law, Nonna (McCormack), is doing everything she can to keep her late husband’s once-acclaimed -- but now struggling -- Italian restaurant afloat. With business going downhill, she is forced to work with a professional restaurant consultant, Ben (Hynes), to see if they can turn things around. At first, Elizabeth resists the changes Ben believes will save the restaurant, but as they get closer, Elizabeth realizes  that not all change is bad. She rediscovers her passion for baking and might even open her heart to new love.

Curious Caterer: Dying for Chocolate

Starring: Nikki DeLoach, Andrew Walker Premieres: Sunday, April 10 Goldy (DeLoach) is a spirited single mom who’s thrust into the role of town sleuth to help solve a friend’s mysterious death. With the clock ticking to find the culprit, Goldy strikes up an unlikely partnership with Detective Tom Schultz (Walker), who leans into Goldy’s local knowledge. As their relationship shows signs of becoming something more, the suspect list rises. Will Goldy narrow in on the killer before the killer narrows in on her?

Clink on the link for the full article.

[releasemyad1]

Maximize Your Reach with Economic Times Classifieds: Expand Your Business Horizons!

[newspaper-advertisement]

Reach Readers Nationwide with Unmatched Impact by Advertising in The Economic Times

[freegamingtheme]

Free gaming theme

Free gaming theme, gaming blog, review games or online games WordPress themes make the gaming website! The portal theme game has everything for correct function. Visitors can easily register within the club game. The search box is moved-to-top button is employed to develop the comfort of your website. Users must newsletter, blog and twitter section displays the newest posts and tweets can get new game updates. All the weather summarized during a single internet site design offers visitors an immersive gaming experience.

Subjects were developed for the sport website. The gaming WordPress themes will appreciate the straightforward navigation of impressive images and sites . the newest game is displayed within the header slider. Popular games are placed during a large banner. the remainder of the games are classified. you'll jump across different from one category with the assistance of the navigation tab of the sport WordPress template. The layout style may be a plane fashion. Button text is certainly drawing attention to them are often of red color.

Multi purpose Gaming WordPress Themes. It’s absolutely great for your clan or team page, game blog, game news, html5 games, lifestyle, broadcats, twitch streams. Also for players stats, reviews, table top, interviews, community, gameplay, clan, team, console, shooting,PC games, action, acrade, survival, action-adventure, adventure, role play, 4X game, strategy, tactical role play, simulation, wargame, vehicle and life simulation, sport, race, MMO, casual, mobile, party, logic, parlor game , parlor game , educational, christian.

Geco

Gecko may be a WordPress theme for gaming, news and entertainment content. Its clean, modern and powerful contrast design is ideal for your gaming site. this subject includes all the required pages of a successful gaming website like About, Team, FAQ, Pricing Plans, Testimonials, Games, Galleries, News, Contacts, etc. So this theme is certain to offer your gaming business a lift .

Overworld

Improve your game with Overworld, a real goliath of esports and games! Get everything you would like to make a game magazine or present your team, game tournament, and more. It also features a ton of custom elements for gaming and esports sites, including player, match and tournament lists, and far more! Complete the sport – get Overworld today.

Cavalier

Cavalier may be a responsive WordPress theme for the sport studio. it's aimed toward Gaming Studio websites, creative agencies and other businesses. It uses the facility of HTML5, CSS3, Bootstrap 3 to make the theme. it's perfect on all major browsers, tablets and phones. Simply take the simplest model of your choice, change the text, add your images.

Plaxer

Plaxer is that the powerful WordPress theme for games, eSports, streaming and etc. Anyone can find an appropriate page for themselves. we've prepared the good set of components and designs for your awesome website.

SquadForce

SquadForce may be a WordPress Gaming and eSports theme. it's also suitable for any game portal, startup, news portal, e-commerce store, player forums, eSports, magazines or any personal website with a blog. There are many Gutenberg blocks supported, dozens of theme options. So you'll easily customize your brand website.

Qroom

Qroom may be a WordPress theme for escape game, quest, and puzzle game companies, but also can be used for all event-based sites. All the newest features used here assist you create a singular website from others. it's a reactive, professional and versatile tool, powerful and super flexible. It comes with many customizable and reusable components that are designed to suit as many uses as possible.

Blackfyre

Blackfyre gives you the facility to make huge gaming communities. Users can create clans and challenge one another , keeping track of matches, sharing content and far more!

Escapium Escape Room Game

Escapium may be a WordPress theme intended for real-world companies, games of reflection and reflection, but also can be used for all event-based sites. The reserved part was made on the plug-in Reserved – Appointment for the WordPress plugin and it's already included within the thematic package.

PixieFreak

PixieFreak is that the ultimate solution for electronic sports teams, tournament organizers and every one gaming enthusiasts. The theme is meant to supply several options, to enable a good range of various features. you'll use the theme to line up your eSports team’s website, game, information portal or to arrange a tournament. If you’re really hooked in to e-sports, you’re liberal to use all of those options directly . The structure of the theme gives you maximum flexibility. With PixieFreak, you'll easily hide, show or rearrange sections. you'll change the design , the colours and lots of other things. most significantly , you are doing not need development skills. Everything are often through with the straightforward PixiePanel given the theme itself.

Raider Spirit

Raider Spirit may be a stylish, modern and responsive two-tone WordPress Club Paintball Club theme. it's designed for the paintball club, the strikeball club, the airsoft and therefore the community. It also works for a strikeball company, a game, a company, a corporation , etc. With the complete compatibility of WooCommerce, you'll create a web store of clothing and equipment. Raider Spirit is right for paintball, strikeball, airsoft, lazertag, hardball and other para-military games. you'll open the WooCommerce online store and sell sportswear, special equipment and equipment like trainers , accessories, player jerseys and t-shirts for all: amateurs or professionals, children or adults beginners or veterans.

Entropia

Powered by the changing layout and elements of the sport , Entropia has exactly what you would like to make sublimity game theme! Its amazing features, stunning interior and interior pages and memorable shortcodes make Entropia an ideal choice for esports and every one game and animation studios. Get Entropia today and make a strong games and sports website.

Exit Game Real-Life Room Escape

Exit Game may be a new WordPress theme that is an internet site for a hall escape, a game of quests, a puzzle room and other entertainment activities for family and friends. This adventure are often booked via the Booked Appointment plug-in with which the theme is compatible. Exit Game comes with a page of rooms, a blog page (of various styles), a booking page, reviews, a gallery, a FAQ, etc.

Arcane Gaming Community Theme

Arcane gives you the facility to make massive game communities. Users can create teams and tournaments, challenge one another , watch matches, share content and more.

Jumbo

Jumbo may be a WordPress theme for Flash and HTML5 mobile games, which allows you to run a totally functional responsive gaming site. Jumbo comes with features such as: amazing sharing buttons, a strong review system, last offers, hot, popular, several ad placements, integrated translator and more. beat a light-weight and straightforward to use.

Gamez

Gamez is responsive WordPress theme designed for games, film and music review site. Easy to put in and writing simplified interface with much option allows you to write beautiful magazine and make money by placing affiliate links.

DW Gamez

DW Gamez may be a clean layout, great design for magazines, cool effects and animations, beat DW Gamez. This theme will make a powerful online magazine. Designed for the games magazine, but this WordPress theme is completely flexible and may be tuned into any website you would like .

NewsGamer

NewsGamer may be a professional WordPress template for game magazines, newspaper publishers, magazines or advanced blogs. This theme may be a great option to create a gorgeous & Powerful Website!

Ruby

WordPress Theme created with passion and bloggers in mind. we might wish to blog for creative gaming, gamers bloggers, designers et al. clear to you and present the aesthetic and nice theme. Ruby is visually appealing and functional. it's fully reacted and it's nice on all devices to a bigger resolution and retina display and other people .

Youplay

Youplay may be a creative WordPress theme games on gaming sites. It allows you to make a repository WooCommerce, bbPress forums and WordPress blog. it's a clean and versatile theme options panel Powerful management responses made to the Visual Composer wonderful work and fine-tuning.

Kappa

Affect the Kappa! Kappa may be a WordPress theme designed to assist empower inspiration, everything can express your love for the games Featured Games. Market your products, more, highlights the newest gaming news, exhibits the works of fans who wish to share a singular passion for creating games with Game Community review!

Gauge

Gauge is that the ultimate game for a good range, you'll create a review WordPress theme for every assessment item all the news this tab navigation as their central hub page that you simply can display videos sorts of content, like games, movies, food a piece of writing about the image item reviews. Each item are often reviewed by both administrators and users, it can fully answer all clean and full of modern design.

Games Zone

This game WordPress theme is to supply support all this, someone are often within the game a blog or magazine, because this thing is packed using the good features and management options, so you'll add a filter reviews, games , ratings, and far more you can! Many of the small print of the styling options Color Picker look and feel of your website during a user-defined management area which will help, also the very best level. At an equivalent time, we (Google fonts are integrated with WordPress theme game) means advertising options to monetize embedded fonts, you've got not forgotten about changing your internet site . We even have the newest topics from appearing in our good customer feedback, also because the guys already conversant in our short code should mention the inclusion in our calendar of events.

Game Addict

Game Addict may be a word press themes and games for family game. It allows you to make and manage clan wars including different maps, teams and games.

Orizon

Horizon – game WordPress theme may be a theme for gaming, news and entertainment content. Made using the newest CSS3, it gives you a sleek, eye-catching online magazine, blog, gaming or the likelihood to make a private project site.

Gameleon

Gameleon is that the perfect solution for WordPress theme game magazines, newspapers, editing, publishing, reviewing, or gaming sites.

Game world WordPress Theme

Game Update drive response parallax WordPress theme and game by game portal within the world, cherries framework. Headers must maintain a clean layout and provides a burger menu that gives quick access to the attractions of any website. To showcase the visual content may use the complete width image slider with captions and stylish ghost button. Additionally, the sport WP theme website category, boasts a contact form, boxes like Facebook, view Social icons, newsletter subscription form, contact, popular posts beforehand and Mega footer for information.

Video Gaming

Video Games – dynamic design is all powered by WordPress Theme Game Cherry framework to draw in the look for play is that the sort of entertainment options for all sites. Multiple content blocks and page elements set playful mood harmony with one another . To catch the flamboyant of the audience, it comes with a lifetime or a pleasant high resolution image which will get replaced by one among his pictures themes for free of charge . additionally to pictures , video, audio options are the advanced features of the built-in templates.

Gaming Mag

Gaming Mag may be a child free gaming WordPress theme with creative design and powerful features allowing you to write down articles and blog posts with ease. It uses SEO best practices, responsive HTML5, and additionally , it's fast, simple and straightforward to use. Use the customizer to feature your own background, layout, site width, etc.

BombGame

The game may be a free game modern WordPress Theme If you set the heart beat of your life and you're keen on to deliver your business or personal theme to subsequent track, you would like to echo this sentiment design. Here may be a free WordPress theme specially selected for lovers of technology and games. It’s the power to interact our customers with a beautiful set of private or professional roles and functions of the superb theme Foundation.

[onlineadvertisements]

[hallmark-movie-fanatics]

MELORA HARDIN, ARIENNE MANDI, KATHERINE MCNAMARA AND MAX LLOYD-JONES FIND MODERN ROMANCE THE OLD-FASHIONED WAY IN ‘LOVE, CLASSIFIED,’ A NEW, ORIGINAL MOVIE PREMIERING APRIL 16, ON HALLMARK CHANNEL

Part of the Network’s “Spring into Love” Programming Event

STUDIO CITY, CA – March 18, 2022 – Melora Hardin (“The Office”), Arienne Mandi (“The L Word: Generation Q”), Katherine McNamara (“Shadowhunters”) and Max Lloyd-Jones (“The Book of Boba Fett”) star in “Love, Classified” a new, original movie premiering Saturday, April 16 (8 p.m. ET/PT), on Hallmark Channel, as part of the network’s “Spring into Love” programming event.

Romance novelist Emilia (Hardin) is a whirlwind who blows back into the lives of her adult children, Taylor (McNamara) and Zach (Lloyd-Jones), under the pretense of a book signing arranged by her hometown’s local book shop. As Emilia tries to reconnect, Taylor and Zach explore new and past relationships through an app that boasts old-fashioned human connection by way of the classified ad. Zach is given a chance to heal old wounds while Taylor matches with Franki (Mandi), a woman that changes the way she’s always thought about love.

“Love, Classified” is from Crown Media Productions, LLC. Neal Dodson is the executive producer. Producer is Charles Cooper. Stacey N. Harding directed from a script by Lynn Sternberger .

[ketoactivateavis-blog]

Keto Activate Avis - Does IT fRANCE PILLS!

Keto Activate Avis

Official Site (Shop Now 50% OFF) :- https://www.myproteinpharm.com/keto-activate-avis/

Activer l'examen des pilules

Si vous voulez vous assurer de perdre le notwithstanding de poids et de réduire le most extraordinary de graisse lorsque vous suivez un régime céto, ce supplément est fait pour vous. Il contient advance ce dont vous avez besoin pour vous assurer d'avoir le meilleur pour votre perte de poids. Pour obtenir votre approvisionnement, commandez directement sur le site officiel de Keto actuate avis. De cette façon, vous obtenez advance cela directement de la source!

Visit For Official Links :-

https://www.facebook.com/Keto-Activate-Avis-106557171180412/

https://k12.instructure.com/eportfolios/2442/Home/Keto_Activate_Avis_France_Keto_Activer_Avis__Offres_exclusives_daujourdhui_

https://sites.google.com/site/ketoactivateavis4/

https://sites.google.com/site/ketoactivateavisbuy/

https://www.facebook.com/Keto-Activate-Avis-103544014821505

http://francesupplement.over-blog.com/keto-activate-avis

https://medium.com/@WHDShop/keto-activate-avis-d14ea8eb0cc6

https://medium.com/@LuciferZ/keto-activate-2020-4d8959dbd742

https://www.d2drace.ie/forum/crew-wanted-available/keto-activate-avis-official-site-2020

https://extstore.com/forum/media-store/16687-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis https://cr4.globalspec.com/thread/137065/Today-Offer-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis https://smashboards.com/threads/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.507121/ https://forum.supercell.com/showthread.php/1922835-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis?p=12662273#post12662273

https://www.styleforum.net/threads/today-offer-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.670090/ https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/forums/t/730311/httpswwwmyproteinpharmcomketo-activate-avis/ http://spa-india.azurewebsites.net/Article/22457/https___www_myproteinpharm_com_keto-activate-avis_

https://community.sephora.com/t5/Everything-Eyes/Keto-Activate-Avis-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate/td-p/5561391 https://keto-activate-avis-67.webself.net/ https://www.completefoods.co/diy/recipes/keto-activate-avis-httpswwwmyproteinpharmcomketoactivateavis https://medium.com/@sodbody/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis-b1bafb4dc090

http://test.tupaca.com/yclas/other-market/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.html http://way2find.com/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis/ https://www.jivanchi.com/in/textbooks/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.html https://click4r.com/posts/g/2371579/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis http://bioimagingcore.be/q2a/143435/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis

https://www.businesslistings.net.au/Health__Beauty/New_York/Today_Offer__https__www_myproteinpharm_com_keto_activate_avis_/511244.aspx http://www.adsyellowpages.com/manage/?post=1744192&pwd=1szaptbo&action=confirm http://www.freeadsciti.com/jobs/catering-hospitality/httpswwwmyproteinpharmcomketo-activate-avis-1725692.htm http://www.classifiedsciti.com/jobs/healthcare-medicine/httpswwwmyproteinpharmcomketo-activate-avis-1882777.htm

http://www.cotech.at/bastlerware/kaufen/flohmarkt/httpswww-myproteinpharm-comketo-activate-avis_i87647 https://freead1.net/ad/2737743/https-www-myproteinpharm-comketoactivateavis.html http://www.247adverts.com/for-sale/computers-hardware/httpswww-myproteinpharm-comketo-activate-avis_i202818 http://theadvertcate.com/admanage/part-time/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.html

http://england.anunciase.com/internship/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.html https://www.hackathon.io/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis http://kuby.pl/akwarystyka-peces-de-acuario-akvaryum-ikan-akuarium-aquarienfische-aquarium-fish-akvariumnye-ryby-akvarijni-ryby-akvariumo-zuvis/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.html

http://buzdubai.com/for-sale/books-magazines/httpswww-myproteinpharm-comketo-activate-avis_i132675 https://www.sarthaks.com/890360/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis https://theprose.com/post/378768/today-offer-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis http://www.eredan-arena.com/forum/index.php?thread/183375-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis/

https://www.bhitmagazine.com.ng/writers/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis/ http://sodbody.onesmablog.com/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis--31469049 http://sodbody.pages10.com/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis--34547226 http://sodbody.tinyblogging.com/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis--34426499 http://sodbody.ampedpages.com/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis--26702506

http://sodbody.blogolize.com/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis--33007824 http://sodbody.full-design.com/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis--35975731 http://sodbody.blogocial.com/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis--28221577 http://sodbody.bloguetechno.com/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis--28094677 http://sodbody.pointblog.net/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis--32691291

http://sodbody.tblogz.com/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis-10729938 http://sodbody.suomiblog.com/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis-11158275 http://sodbody.blogkoo.com/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis-15264168 http://sodbody.total-blog.com/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis-21054184 http://sodbody.mybjjblog.com/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis-10863476

http://sodbody.uzblog.net/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis-10824223 http://sodbody.alltdesign.com/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis-16337595 http://sodbody.blogzet.com/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis-10637079 http://sodbody.shotblogs.com/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis-9963802 http://sodbody.blogdigy.com/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis-10232242

http://sodbody.canariblogs.com/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis-11725793 http://sodbody.isblog.net/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis-13342092 http://sodbody.tribunablog.com/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis-10218339 http://sodbody.blogdon.net/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis-12692365

http://sodbody.amoblog.com/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis-17686267 http://sodbody.qowap.com/31782327/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis http://sodbody.fitnell.com/33655024/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis http://sodbody.blog5.net/34884571/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis

http://sodbody.affiliatblogger.com/31398746/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis http://sodbody.jiliblog.com/27674169/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis

https://www.kityfeed.com/fashion-lifestyle/https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.html http://www.dabbers.org/part-time/httpswwwmyproteinpharmcomketo-activate-avis.html http://adipositas.selbsthilfegruppe-in.de/directory/selbsthilfe-verein/keto-activate-avis-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.html

https://technurtury.com/openclass/part-time/keto-activate-avis-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.html http://www.regnitz.de/kleinanzeigenmarkt/sonstiges/keto-activate-avis-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.html http://phiafrica.com/directory/F/part-time/keto-activate-avis-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.html https://www.advertisinghunt.net/awpcp/show-ad/53065/keto-activate-avis-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis/ http://www.xcomplaints.com/complaint/-keto-activate-avis-httpswwwmyproteinpharmcomketo-activate-avis-c73986.html

https://adslinks.in/electronics-appliances/cds-records/keto-activate-avis-httpswww-myproteinpharm-comketo-activate-avis_i26350 http://metrolook.com/legal-services/keto-activate-avis-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.html http://ads4world.com/publish-new.html http://pagancave.com/market/pagan-ritual/keto-activate-avis-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.html

http://www.interleads.net/classifieds/business-opportunities_3/agents-dealers-wanted/keto-activate-avis-httpswww-myproteinpharm-comketo-activate-avis_i357315 http://recycler.freeglobalclassifiedads.com/business-opportunities_3/health/keto-activate-avis-httpswww-myproteinpharm-comketo-activate-avis_i59861 https://www.postgraduateforum.com/forum/masters/choosing/thread/keto-activate-avis-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis/60081 http://www.phillip-island-accommodation.com/details.php?id=57027 https://www.d2drace.ie/forum/crew-wanted-available/keto-activate-avis-official-site-2020

http://keto-activate-avis-fr.mystrikingly.com/ https://www.copymethat.com/r/hUMKk5A/today-offer-httpswwwmyproteinpharmcomket/ http://trvl.uz/threads/keto-activate-avis-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.57515/ http://tabletforum.de/threads/keto-activate-avis-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.121833/ https://community.ebay.com/t5/Buying/Keto-Activate-Avis-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate/m-p/31186737#M323841

https://xenforo.com/community/threads/keto-activate-avis-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.184714/ https://www.scoop.it/topic/keto-activate-avis-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis https://forum.nofap.com/index.php?threads/today-offer-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.288716/ https://www.prestashop.com/forums/topic/1030881-keto-activate-avis-httpswwwmyproteinpharmcomketo-activate-avis/

https://www.saatchiart.com/art/New-Media-Keto-Activate-Avis-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis/1661334/7913906/view https://weight-loss.fitness.com/threads/keto-activate-avis-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.139049/ https://forum.wordreference.com/threads/keto-activate-avis-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.3737453/

https://www.tested.com/forums/general-discussion/912602-keto-activate-avis-httpswwwmyproteinpharmcomketo-activate-avis/ https://linustechtips.com/main/topic/1241680-activate-avis-httpswwwmyproteinpharmcom-activate-avis/ https://hackintosher.com/forums/thread/today-offer-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.10769/ http://www.worldstocks.co.uk/forum/viewtopic.php?f=8&t=98270

https://www.hearthpwn.com/forums/hearthstone-general/general-discussion/244685-keto-activate-avis-https-www-myproteinpharm-com https://minecraft.curseforge.com/forums/general-minecraft/general-discussion/247589-today-offer-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto

https://forums.ubisoft.com/showthread.php/2265430-Keto-Activate-Avis-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis?p=15136824#post15136824 https://bbvietnam.com/threads/keto-activate-avis-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.235890/ https://wordart.com/forums/general/keto-activate-avis-httpswwwmyproteinpharmcomketo-activate-avis?page=1#post-33088

https://community.magento.com/t5/Welcome-to-the-Magento-Community/Keto-Activate-Avis-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate/m-p/457115#M10842 https://coldnetwork.net/threads/keto-activate-avis-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.37102/ https://forums.autodesk.com/t5/3ds-max-programming/today-offer-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis/td-p/9724835

https://www.shopinguru.com/transportation/keto-activate-avis-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.html https://allevents.in/online/today-offer-https-wwwmyproteinpharmcom-keto-activate-avis/80002094843874 https://sarno.cl/openclass/internship/keto-activate-avis-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.html https://dardo.net/jobs/today-offer-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.html

http://menkezhan.diggba.com/full-time/today-offer-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.html https://lamini.org/eclass/part-time/today-offer-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.html http://phiafrica.com/directory/F/part-time/today-offer-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.html http://adipositas.selbsthilfegruppe-in.de/directory/stiftung/today-offer-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.html

http://www.freeadsbook.com/cars-amp-bikes/today-offer-httpswwwmyproteinpharmcomketo-activate-avis-2453472.htm https://www.wafume.net/full-time/today-offer-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.html https://www.kityfeed.com/house/today-offer-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.html http://www.getlisteduae.com/listings/today-offer-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis

http://www.selectinfotech.com/ads/internship/today-offer-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.html http://adipositas.selbsthilfegruppe-in.de/directory/selbsthilfe-verein/today-offer-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis-1.html http://www.dabbers.org/part-time/today-offer-httpswwwmyproteinpharmcomketo-activate-avis.html http://www.regnitz.de/kleinanzeigenmarkt/suche/today-offer-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.html

http://test.tupaca.com/yclas/other-market/today-offer-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis.html http://menkezhan.diggba.com/part-time/today-offer-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis-1.html https://www.kityfeed.com/house/today-offer-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis-1.html

http://www.usafreeclassifieds.org/classifieds/business-opportunities_3/businesses-for-sale/agents-dealers-wanted/agents-dealers-wanted_2/today-offer-httpswww-myproteinpharm-comketo-activate-avis_i203117 http://dev.infotechnologist.biz/motor/blogs/528/Today-Offer-https-www-myproteinpharm-com-keto-activate-avis https://rival.osclass.me/for-sale/today-offer-httpswww-myproteinpharm-comketo-activate-avis_i12979

[lazulimaya]

French Canadian Witchcraft: Bibliography and Abstracts

(this is a list of sources I’ve read for my own French Canadian Witchcraft tradition. It includes Montagnais Innu indigenous knowledge (though I try to not overstep, as my ancestors were only present in this culture from 1600 to 1876, but I honour them through knowing about their cosmology and outlooks), and French Canadian history and social analyses. The Voyageur texts by Podruchny were especially fascinating and easy to access. Other sources like articles can be tricky if you don’t have access to them through a university, but if anyone wants them, let me know, I can send them through email.

Armitage, Peter. “Religious Ideology Among the Innu of Quebec and Labrador”. Religiologiques 6 (1982): 64-110. 

A complex analysis of Montagnais religious culture and traditions through the lenses of ethnohistory. He explains traditions like the Animal Masters, hunting rites, the Shaking Tent ceremony, and the gendered roles of Innu society in the spheres of religion and culture. He also explains Innu mythology and cosmology, and the realms and rules that exist in those contexts. It is a very thorough text to read for comprehension on Innu religious beliefs and ceremonies.

Abbott, Frank. “The Devil Made Me Do It.”: Popular Spirituality in a Rural Québec Parish, 1736-1901” Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 27 no.1 (2016): 1-30. 

Cet article porte sur les récits populaires autour du diable dans la paroisse rurale de Saint-Joseph-de-Beauce, a 70 km au sud de la ville de Québec. Cette étude, une microhistoire de l’interaction des croyances populaires et du discours clérical dans la paroisse sur la longue période, permet de pénétrer dans leurs détails les rapports entre paroissiens et curés qui autrement demeureraient ignorés, mal compris ou même impénétrables au niveau diocésiain. En outre, les récits populaires sur Satan dans le comté de Beauce dévoilent comment le catholicisme interagissait avec le système de croyances populaires au Québec. D’une part, la peur des gens du diable renforça le message clérical sur la nécessité de satisfaire les besoins spirituels sur ceux de l’appétence corporelle. Mais les paroissiens produisirent également leurs propres versions de la  construction cléricale du diable, tout en s’écartant parfois sensiblement de ce modèle. Aprréhender les conceptions populaires du diable jette un nouvel éclairage sur la manière dont les récits et les contes populaires ont interpénétré la doctrine catholique, et comment les fidèles ont répondu à l’enseignement de l’Église catholique dispensé du haut de la chair ou du confessionnal (ou pourquoi ils ont failli à le faire.)

Clément, Daniel. “L’Homme-Caribou: l’analyse ethnoscientifique du mythe”, The Canadian Journal of Native Studies 11 no. 1 (1991): 49-93. 

Le mythe montagnais l’Homme-Caribou est analysé de façon ethnoscientifique en tenant compte des connaissances autochtones pour expliquer les éléments étranges du récit. Loin de souscrire au postulat de relations structurales entre les phonèmes du récit qui expliqueraient les mythèmes, l’ethnoscience propose plutôt d’en retrouver les origines. Cette recherche des étymons du récit se poursuit sur deux plans. Les aspects humains et zoologiques du récit sont ainsi dégagés, permettant d’entrevoir une image forte de la société montagnaise, a savoir celle d’un mariage entre l’homme et son gibier. 

Clément, Daniel. Le Bestiaire Innu: Les Quadrupèdes. Mondes Autochtones, 2012. 

This book is insanely amazing! It details in European scientific and biological context, but most importantly and for the major part has ethnological information about the important animals within Innu culture. It details their habits, diets, and mythologies associated with each animal, and what the Innu thought of them. I use it often for adding context to my animal magic and meditation. Summary: Les Innus, anciennement connus sous le nom de Montagnais, sont des chasseurs, trappeurs, pêcheurs et cueilleurs qui habitent la forêt boréale du nord-est du Canada. Par tradition, les animaux ont toujours occupé dans leur culture une place prépondérante. Les connaissances qu'en ont les autochtones sont donc vastes et variées. Ce volume consacré au Bestiaire Innu fait état du savoir innu concernant les 20 mammifères les plus connus, de l'ours noir et du caribou jusqu'aux diverses espèces de souris, en passant par le castor, le loup, le lièvre, le chien et bien d'autres. Des dizaines d'hommes et de femmes ont été interviewés sur les animaux depuis plus de vingt-cinq ans. A ces sources orales s'ajoutent des données provenant d'ethnologues, d'historiens, de missionnaires, de naturalistes, de biologistes et même d'aventuriers ayant parcouru à travers le temps le Nord québécois.

Gaudet, Rose-Delima. “La place de l’Église catholique aux Îles-de-la-Madeleine” Sessions d’études: Société canadienne d’histoire de l’Église catholique 46 (1979): 99-106. 

Le sujet proposé sera traité d’après des recherches exécutées aux archives du Musée de la Mer et publiées par nous dans un fascicule intitulé Odyssée missionnaire. Ce n’est qu’une ébauche, mais qui ouvre des horizons sur les activités missionnaires dans les Îles qui—encore récemment— n’avaient pas leur place sur la carte géographique du Canada. 

Harmon, Susan Janet. “Mi’kmaw Shamans and Acadian Sorcerers: A Study in Cultural Transmissions, Transferences and Transformations” Supervised by Dr. Jacques Ferland, Doctoral Thesis: University of Maine, (December 2014): 1-221. 

Concerned with the preservation of Acadian traditional culture, Acadian folklorists of the later twentieth century undertook the task of interviewing the elder population. One folklorist, Sister Catherine Jolicoeur, collected and classified 20,000 Acadian legends from New Brunswick. Jolicoeur’s collection includes over 400 variants of legends concerning the Mi’kmaq, and more than 350 of these variants associate the Mi’kmaq with sorcery. Acadian informants tell teh story of Mi’kmaw sorcery that follows a similar pattern, whereby the magically empowered Mi’kmaq arrive at Acadian homes in search of charity or to sell their hand-made baskets and other wares. Many of these encounters occurred between Mi’kmaw women, called taoueilles, who were believed to be the more virulent form of sorcerer. It was advisable to never dissapoint their Mi’kmaw visitors; for they would surely cast a malevolent spell in reprisal. Scholars point out that the Acadians imported from France an association of strangers with sorcery, therefore explaining the origins of their belief in Mi’kmaw sorcery. However, French documentary evidence reveals that accused witches in early modern France were more often well known neighbours rather than strangers. An analysis of both Acadian and Mi’kmaw oral tradition and documentary evidence leads to the conclusion that the legend is the product of cultural transference, moreover the legend and its transference served the purpose of social regulation. The Acadians brought with the a European witchcraft tradition, which transitioned and transformed as a result of exposure to a Mi’kmaw cosmology. Conversely, the Mi’kmaq adopted European witchcraft beliefs into their shamanic traditions, whereby a puwowin, or shaman, adopted certain European atributes. Prior to contact, both the Acadian and Mi’kmaw cultures stressed the importance of interdependence, whereby social transgressions concerning notions of reciprocity invoked the power of a retaliatory act of sorcery or shamanic reprisal. The resulting fear of offense served the purpose of controlling social behaviour and became the central theme in stories of Native sorcery within both communities during the post contact years. 

Labelle, Ronald. “Native Witchcraft Beliefs in Acadian, Maritime and Newfoundland Folklore” Ethnologies 30, no. 2 (2008): 137-152. 

Les légendes et les croyances traditionnelles acadiennes ont été recueillies et étudiées par différents chercheurs, la première étant Catherine Jolicoeur, qui amassa approximativement 400 récits traitant de la population autochtone des Maritimes, alors qu’elle menait ses enquêtes de terrain dans les zones acadiennes du Nouveau-Brunswick. Cet article s’intéresse à la question de la croyance en la sorcellerie amérindienne, non seulement dans le folklore acadien mais également chez les anglophones des Maritimes et de Terre-Neuve, afin de mettre en valeur les ressemblances ou les différences entre leurs systèmes traditionnels de croyance ainsi que leurs attitudes envers les groups amérindiens. On établit une comparaison entre les positions des groupes catholiques et protestants, et on porte une attention particulière aux questions liées au sexe et a l’identité des “sorcières”, en s’appuyant sur des sources allant du dix-septième au vingtième siècle. L’article démontre que durant toutes les périodes de l’histoire, depuis les premiers contacts entre les Européens et les populations autochtones des provinces maritimes, ces dernières ont étés perçues par les Européens comme étant potentiellement dangereuses et elles ont étés soupçonnées de posséder des pouvoirs surnaturels et malveillants. 

Lowen, Beltane. French Canadian Witchcraft: the History and Traditions of an Authentic North American Folk Magic Tradition. Sabien Press, 2003. 91 pages.  

Only available through the Library and Archives Canada. This book is written by a Wiccan context (meaning it gets its inspiration from Gardenerian traditions and Wiccan principles), attempting to argue that French Canadians as an ethnic people have their own magical tradition. He parallels French Canadian cultural elements like the Devil with the Wiccan Horned God, and the various Saints like Saint Anne and Mary as goddesses in their own right. He details the cultural history of witchcraft in New France, and how monsters such as the werewolf and fairies play roles in environmental magic. His construction of a French Canadian witchcraft tradition takes elements from Wicca (with its Celtic festivals), Christianity (like Saint worship), and folk traditions (such as clothing and crafts). It almost resembles hearth witchcraft, but with a historical and cultural context. 

Niemeyer, Mark. “Henry Wadsworth Longfellow’s Evangeline: A Tale of Acadie and the Ambiguous Afterlife of the History of the Acadians. Canadian Review of American Studies 48, no. 2 (2018): 122-145. 

Longfellow’s Evangeline was hailed as a great and distinctively American work when it appeared in 1847, and the poem’s use of North American history was a key element in its favourable reception. This use of history, however, is ambiguous and complex. This epic continues, first of all, in a long tradition of romanticized retellings of the heart-rending story of the Acadians. but the work also engages in a dual-level dialogue with both the mid-eighteenth century history of the Acadians, who are pitied, without inciting indignation, and the contemporary history of mid-nineteenth century America, whose expansionism it both implicitly celebrates and criticizes. 

Pearl, Jonathan L. “Witchcraft in New France in the Seventeenth Century: The Social Aspect” Historical Reflections/ Réflexions Historiques 4 no. 2 (Winter/Hiver 1977): 41-55. 

Surprisingly, New France was almost untouched by the sort of witchcraft accusations and trials which were endemic in New England and Europe throughout the seventeenth century. There were a few cases in which witchcraft, or spells, seem to have been a factor, but they were not formal witchcraft accusations or trials, and one does not detect the same sense of terror as in the European situation. After a brief examination of a few well-known cases in Quebec, this paper will examine several aspects of the culture and society of New France which related to beliefs and practices of witchcraft. We will, through a comparison of these areas with the society and culture of France, attempt to determine the differences which resulted in an almost total lack of witchcraft persecution in New France. 

Podruchny, Carolyn. “Werewolves and Windigos: Narratives of Cannibal Monsters in French-Canadian Voyageur Oral Tradition”, Ethnohistory 51 no. 4 (Fall 2004): 677-700. 

This fascinating article delves into the cultural ties between French Canadian trappers and indigenous trappers on their respective monsters: the werewolf and the windigo. It illustrates the traits of these two monsters, the social contexts of identifying both of them through their peoples’ perceptions, and exploring how the daily lives of trappers in the wilderness allowed the two beliefs and monsters to flourish. It also deals with the practical symbiosis of the two monsters, as the two cultures intertwined within the context of the fur trade. 

Podruchny, Carolyn. Making the Voyageur World: Travelers and Traders in the North American Fur Trade. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2006. 

Carolyn Podruchny explores the little-known world of the common voyageur in New France through thorough analysis of rare archival material, and interprets the daily lives of the voyageurs and how it informed their unique and eclectic cosmology, marrying French Canadian beliefs and superstitions with Indigenous beliefs and cosmology. 

Sandwell, B.K. “The French Canadians”, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 253: Features of Present-Day Canada (September 1947): 169-175.

This article explores the unique identity and characteristics of French Canadians and their history. It’s simple and introductory, but concise. 

Smallman, Shawn. “Spirit Beings, Mental Illness, and Murder: Fur Traders and the Windigo in Canada’s Boreal Forest, 1774 to 1935.” Ethnohistory 57 no.4 (Fall 2010): 572-596. 

This article builds on the extensive literature regarding the Algonquian belief in the windigo, a cannibal spirit, by examining how traders of the Hudson’s Bay Company viewed this phenomenon from the eighteenth to the early twentieth century. As native people brought windigos to posts for care or sought help from HBC employees to protect their families, traders responded to this disorder based on their company’s economic interests and their adherence to Enlightenment thought as well as on indigenous expectations of reciprocity. The fur trade and the windigo disorder were linked historically, so that the passing of the one marked the fading of the other, as the economic and cultural ties that shaped relationships between Algonquians and outsiders underwent a profound change in the early twentieth century. An imperial context ultimately determined how most Canadian institutions responded to the windigo, as colonial authorities created narratives around this disorder designed to increase their control over Cree and Ojibwa communities. 

Wintemberg, W. J. “French Canadian Folk-Tales”, The Journal of American Folklore 17 no. 67 Published by American Folklore Society (Oct.-Dec. 1904): 265-267.

The following tales were kindly communicated to me by Mr. John C. Day of Toronto. These tales were related by Mr. Day’s mother, a French Canadian. 

[phosphorousmoon]

Eraser eBay classified ads

Always with fun and the latest, chillest music. It is an irregular series of programs designed by several editors with a focus on political issues. Current news from Vienna for local issues of ZIP-FM or when we exchange posts on current occasions. With the advent of streaming services like Netflix and Amazon or the growing importance of pay TV, the selection is your input here for television today is getting bigger. The monthly program is moderated by Lorenz and his friends.

Adobe Pagemaker 6.0 for the Mackintosh Version 6. The official training book for the Adobe training program. Developed by the Adobe team.

Half of the 16th century. The art bookshop in the heart of Hamburg. Only five minutes from Jungfernstieg - on Fleetinsel. © 2020 Getty Images. Edit tree harness. Posts. Series on scientific topics with a focus on Persia. Prepared for children and teenagers. A symposium on aspects of the uncanny, the fantastic and the fictional. In February we will switch to an exclusively royalty-free creative image collection. These include the best licensed creative images that will be available royalty-free. License or renew your current licensed creative images by the 22nd Drechsel, A. Kaspers et al. The Dresden Frauenkirche. Yearbook on their history and their archaeological reconstruction, vol.3. Browse 1,033 eraser stock photos and images. Or start a new search to discover more stock photos and images. January 2020 to ensure exclusivity. And to tell you the truth, dear snipers, rather than what he'll do to you. This website uses its own and third-party cookies to analyze the use of our offer, personalize your surfing experience and present you with interesting information (creation of usage profiles). If you continue your visit, you consent to the use of such cookies. Unfortunately, an error occurred while completing your request. Please try again later or contact us if the error persists.

[gwendolynlerman]

Spanish grammar

Nouns

Gender

Nouns describe people, places, things and concrete or abstract concepts. In Spanish, nouns are classified by gender as masculine or feminine. The gender of a noun can generally be identified by the noun ending, however, there are some exceptions.

Masculine Nouns

The general rule is that nouns ending in -o are masculine. However, there are more possible endings.

-aje: el viaje (trip), el traje (suit)

-ambre: el hambre (hunger), el calambre (cramp)

-an, -en, -in, -on, un (with or without an accent): el pan (bread), el andén (platform), el espadín (sprat), el jamón (ham), el atún (tuna)

-ar, -er, -or: el colmenar (apiary), el ordenador (computer), el taller (workshop)

-ate, -ete, ote: el escaparate (showcase), el herrete (aglet), el camarote (cabin)

-che: el coche (car), el porche (porch) [exception: la noche (night)]

compass directions: el norte (north), el oeste (west)

compound words formed with a verb: el paraguas (parar + agua) (umbrella)

days of the week : el lunes (Monday), el domingo (Sunday)

-e, -é: el café (coffee), el tomate (tomato) [exceptions: la gente (people), la clase (classroom), la nube (cloud)]

-és: el arnés (harness)

-l: el papel (paper), el nivel (level) [exceptions: la piel (skin), la cárcel (jail)]

-ma: el programa (program), el poema (poem) [exceptions: la crema (cream), la cama (bed)]

-miento: el pimiento (pepper), el surfrimiento (suffering)

months: enero (January), diciembre (December)

-n: el tren (train) [exception: la imagen (image)]

names of bodies of water and mountains: el Atlántico (Atlantic Ocean), el Teide (Teide mountain)

numerals : el uno (one), el cien (hundred)

-o: el trabajo (work), el libro (book) [exceptions: la foto (photo), la mano (hand)]

-pa: el mapa (map), el arpa [exception: la capa (cape)]

-ta: el cometa (comet), el planeta (planet) [exceptions: la carta (card/letter), la pata (paw)]

-x: el tórax (thorax)

Feminine Nouns

The general rule is that nouns ending in -a are feminine. However, there are some different noun endings that are also feminine.

-a : la ventana (window), la comida (food/meal) [exceptions: el sofá (couch), el día (day)]

-ad, -ed, -id, ud: la facultad (faculty), la pared (wall), la vid (grapewine), la salud (health)

-ción, -sión, -zón: la información (information), la presión (pressure), la razón (reason)

city names ending with -a: Barcelona, Málaga (Malaga)

-ez, -eza: la vez (time), la tristeza (sadness)

-ia, -ie: la historia (history/story), la serie (series/TV show)

-is: la tesis (thesis), la crisis (crisis) [exception: el arcoíris (rainbow)]

letters of the alphabet: la a, la hache (h)

many countries: España (Spain), Italia (Italy)

-ncia: la provincia (province), la paciencia (patience)

the name of islands: Mallorca (Majorca), Ibiza

-umbre: la costumbre (habit/custom), la cumbre (summit)

-z: la cruz (cross), la nariz (nose) [exception: el lápiz (pencil)]

[releasemyad1]

Economic Times Classifieds: Your Gateway to Business Success!