#equipose

[poisonedsequin]

alexis mabille fall 2023 couture

[werewolfstory]

equiposes mercy lennox i lost the character poll

oh? what’s wrong, lennox? a poll? well, sometimes that’s how these things end up going. i’m not a very popular man, as you know. i’m sure the other candidate was a deserving victo— romulus?! equipoise’s mercy, lennox… are you certain? really? give that here, let me see. let me see. good grief

[milo-labshop]

The Best Anabolic Steroids in Thailand: A Comprehensive Guide

If you're considering anabolic steroids for bodybuilding or performance enhancement in Thailand, it's essential to be well-informed about your options. Anabolic steroids can offer significant benefits but come with potential risks. In this guide, Best anabolic steroids In Thailand we'll explore some of the best anabolic steroids available in Thailand, focusing on their benefits, potential side effects, and where to find them safely.

Understanding Anabolic Steroids

Anabolic steroids are synthetic variations of testosterone, a hormone that plays a crucial role in muscle growth and development. They are used by athletes and bodybuilders to improve strength, endurance, and overall performance. However, it's important to use these substances responsibly to minimize risks.

Popular Anabolic Steroids in Thailand

Testosterone Enanthate

Benefits: Increases muscle mass, strength, and recovery times.

Usage: Typically administered via injection; often cycles with other steroids for enhanced effects.

Nandrolone Decanoate (Deca Durabolin)

Benefits: Promotes muscle growth, joint relief, and improves overall recovery.

Usage: Favored for long cycles; often stacked with testosterone for optimal results.

Stanozolol (Winstrol)

Benefits: Helps in cutting cycles, preserving lean muscle mass while reducing fat.

Usage: Available in both oral and injectable forms; known for its ability to enhance vascularity.

Oxandrolone (Anavar)

Benefits: Mild anabolic steroid that supports muscle gains with fewer side effects.

Usage: Ideal for beginners; often used in cutting cycles.

Boldenone Undecylenate (Equipose)

Benefits: Enhances muscle mass, appetite, and red blood cell production.

Usage: Commonly used by bodybuilders during bulking cycles.

Safety and Legal Considerations

While anabolic steroids can provide significant benefits, they are not without risks. It's crucial to source steroids from reputable suppliers to avoid counterfeit products. In Thailand, the legal status of anabolic steroids can vary, so always check local laws and regulations.

Where to Buy Anabolic Steroids in Thailand

For those looking to purchase anabolic steroids safely, Milo Lab Shop offers a range of high-quality products. They prioritize customer safety and satisfaction, ensuring that you receive genuine products with clear dosing instructions.

Conclusion

Choosing to use anabolic steroids is a significant decision that should be made with care. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any steroid cycle, and educate yourself about the potential risks and benefits. Best anabolic steroids In Thailand With the right knowledge and responsible use, you can make informed choices to help achieve your fitness goals.

[babystudentcomputer-world-blog]

Die besten Steroide für Muskelwachstum im Jahr 2024 – Die Top 4 Auswahl

Im Jahr 2024 stehen Fitness- und Bodybuilding-Enthusiasten eine Vielzahl von Steroiden zur Verfügung, die versprechen, das Muskelwachstum zu maximieren. Doch welches Steroid ist das beste für Ihre spezifischen Ziele? In diesem Artikel werfen wir einen detaillierten Blick auf die vier besten Steroide für Muskelwachstum in diesem Jahr. Erfahren Sie, welche Optionen am effektivsten sind, welche Vorteile sie bieten und welche möglichen Nebenwirkungen Sie beachten sollten.

DBal - Explosive Muskelzuwächse wie Dianabol · CrazyBulk Bulking Stack - Die beste Muskelaufbau-Kombination · DBal Max - Massive Zuwächse an trockenem Muskelgewebe

1. Testosteron Enantat

Testosteron Enantat gehört zu den beliebtesten und bewährtesten Steroiden im Bodybuilding. Es ist ein lang wirkendes Testosteron-Derivat, das bei der Förderung von Muskelmasse und Kraft enorm hilfreich sein kann. Die lange Halbwertszeit bedeutet weniger Injektionen und stabilere Testosteronspiegel im Blut.

Vorteile:

Erhöht die Muskelmasse: Ideal für den Muskelaufbau sowohl in der Masse- als auch in der Definitionsphase.

Kraftsteigerung: Unterstützt die Leistungsfähigkeit im Training.

Weniger Injektionen: Länger anhaltende Wirkung reduziert die Notwendigkeit häufiger Injektionen.

Nebenwirkungen:

Hormonelle Veränderungen: Mögliche Auswirkungen auf den natürlichen Testosteronspiegel.

Wasserretention: Kann zu vorübergehender Gewichtszunahme führen.

2. Nandrolon Decanoat

Nandrolon Decanoat, auch bekannt als Deca-Durabolin, ist bekannt für seine Fähigkeit, Muskelmasse aufzubauen und gleichzeitig die Gelenke zu unterstützen. Es wirkt langsamer, bietet jedoch nachhaltige Ergebnisse und ist besonders nützlich in der Aufbauphase.

Vorteile:

Muskelzuwachs: Fördert das Wachstum der Muskelmasse über längere Zeiträume.

Gelenkgesundheit: Kann Schmerzen und Beschwerden in den Gelenken lindern.

Langfristige Wirkung: Geringere Injektionsfrequenz aufgrund der langsamen Freisetzung.

Nebenwirkungen:

Wasserretention: Kann zu Flüssigkeitsansammlungen führen.

Hormonelle Nebenwirkungen: Potenzielle Auswirkungen auf den natürlichen Hormonhaushalt.

3. Trenbolon Acetat

Trenbolon Acetat ist ein sehr starkes Steroid, das für seine Fähigkeit bekannt ist, die Muskelhärte und -dichte zu verbessern. Es wird häufig von fortgeschrittenen Bodybuildern genutzt, die schnelle Ergebnisse erzielen möchten.

Vorteile:

Muskelhärte: Verbessert die Muskeldefinition und -härte.

Schnelle Ergebnisse: Sie können relativ schnell Fortschritte sehen.

Erhöhte Ausdauer: Unterstützt längere und intensivere Trainingseinheiten.

Nebenwirkungen:

Starke Nebenwirkungen: Kann zu drastischen hormonellen Veränderungen führen.

Schlafstörungen: Mögliche Auswirkungen auf den Schlafrhythmus.

4. Boldenon Undecylenat

Boldenon Undecylenat, auch bekannt als Equipose, wird oft in der Veterinärmedizin verwendet, hat sich jedoch auch im Bodybuilding etabliert. Es ist bekannt für seine Fähigkeit, die Ausdauer zu steigern und gleichzeitig eine gleichmäßige Muskelmasse aufzubauen.

Vorteile:

Ausdauersteigerung: Verbessert die Leistungsfähigkeit und Ausdauer.

Muskelaufbau: Unterstützt den Aufbau von schlanker Muskelmasse.

Geringere Nebenwirkungen: Tendenziell weniger starke Nebenwirkungen als andere Steroide.

Nebenwirkungen:

Langsame Wirkung: Die Effekte sind möglicherweise nicht so schnell sichtbar wie bei anderen Steroiden.

Mögliche Hormonveränderungen: Wie bei vielen Steroiden können hormonelle Ungleichgewichte auftreten.

DBal - Explosive Muskelzuwächse wie Dianabol · CrazyBulk Bulking Stack - Die beste Muskelaufbau-Kombination · DBal Max - Massive Zuwächse an trockenem Muskelgewebe

Fazit

Die Wahl des besten Steroids für Muskelwachstum im Jahr 2024 hängt von Ihren spezifischen Zielen, Ihrem Erfahrungsgrad und Ihrer allgemeinen Gesundheit ab. Testosteron Enantat, Nandrolon Decanoat, Trenbolon Acetat und Boldenon Undecylenat bieten jeweils einzigartige Vorteile und können, bei richtiger Anwendung und unter ärztlicher Aufsicht, zur Erreichung Ihrer Fitnessziele beitragen.

Wichtiger Hinweis: Die Anwendung von Anabolika birgt gesundheitliche Risiken. Konsultieren Sie immer einen Arzt, bevor Sie neue Ergänzungen oder Steroid-Regime in Ihr Training integrieren.

[ani-tsultrim-wangmo]

As Guru Rinpoche taught, when we practice formal meditation our sessions should be short and frequent. When we enter into equipose we should simply relax in the natural state as it is. In the natural state as it is we should not become distracted nor should we grasp internally. We should experience a state where there is not even a hair's worth of clinging or grasping to any experience.

~ Yangthang Rinpoche

正如蓮師所教導的那樣，當正式禪修時，我們的禪修應該簡短而頻繁。當我們進入平靜狀態時，我們應該簡單地在自然狀態下放鬆。在自然狀態下，我們不該散亂，也不該內收。我們應該體���到一種狀態，在這種狀態中，任何體驗都沒有一絲一毫的執著或抓住。

~ 揚唐仁波切

[psychologylearnonline]

31 Qualities Endearing to Lord Krishna - Gita 12.13-20

Not envious towards anyone including the envious�� Friendly to all Kind / Merciful to all Free from sense of proprietorship Free from false ego or identification with body Equal in happiness & distress Forgiving & tolerating Satisfied always in devotional service Self controlled Determined Mind & Intelligence fixed on me No one is agitated by him Equiposed in joy & distress, fear &…

[spacecath]

This last Equipoise update gave me chills. Do I dare hope we get some angry sex in the next one?

hehe dear anon, dare you may ;) I’m glad you like this last chapter

[rachel-sez]

There. I fixed it.

[pinturas-sgm-aviacion]

1943 10 14 Schweinfurt - Robert Taylor

Briefing at 0500 hours on the morning of 14 October 1943 brought the crews of the 92nd Bomb Group news they didn’t want to hear: “It’s Schweinfurt again!” The same message was being repeated in USAAF bomb group briefing rooms all over eastern England in the early hours of what was to become forever known as “Black Thursday”.This superb piece shows Colonel Budd Peaslee’s B-17 Equipose, flown by lead pilot Kemp Maclaughlin, leading the Fortresses of the 92nd Bomb Group en-route to the vital ball-bearing factories at Schweinfurt.High over Germany, beyond the range of Allied fighter cover, the unprotected B-17s come under relentless attack from enemy fighters. Losses are high. Undeterred, the valiant crews press on to the target, their relentless determination and courage on that “Black Thursday” forever etched into aviation folklore.

[lumpylime]

Currently ongoing. 

This is absolutely one of my FAVORITES. I even subscribed to her patreon. Red head is living with an abusive father and blonde has taken a liking to him with a promise to protect him. The main characters are so endearing. 

[lycanthrology]

have u ever thought of just naming it werewolf story the equipose?

tbh that gets the job done. i cant settle on a title at all. ive been half jokingly thinking about having 3 books and each one having the colour/symbology etc of a different sect (says the guy who cant even write 1 properly) and naming each after a line in the prayer but then i was annoyed because it’s kind of like the a [the X of Y and Z] style title (thorn of the thicket, green of the grove, blood of the mother) they have cohesion and importance but it’s bland, cringe and melodramatic. BUT i am a fan of melodrama and werewolves are inherently cringe

[poisonedsequin]

alexis mabille fall 2023 couture

[hinac0lada]

debunked

RISS’ NOTE: a small drabble for my grande king<3 happy bday bubu i’m so proud of u and i lob u mwa

ALEX’S NOTE: the flavor of this drabble is, chef’s kiss 3000x

CHARACTER PAIRING: oikawa tooru/f!reader

WC: 2.1k

WARNING/s: nsfw/smut, pegging, some dirty talk, femdom,  mommy kink (tooru n reader are aged up)

as always, nsfw will be under the cut!

your sex life with oikawa was beyond one of equipose. you meet each other's needs and desires, aftercare is always the best, and all was roses and peonies. but sometimes, people like to be nosy and assume things about your sex life, putting unnecessary expectations on the two of you. it was all fun and games and you'd usually brush it off, but there was just this one assumption that irked you the most.

‘you think (name) could ever dom oikawa?’

‘with her looks? no way. a total sub.’

who were they to assume your sense of dominance just based on your looks? you weren’t exactly insecure, but for some reason, the comment disturbed you in ways you would��ve never imagined. it ignited this burning passion, this desire to prove them wrong. to debunk all those theories - that were undoubtedly wrong.

and so this leads to the both of you to start this conversation that is taking place in your shared bedroom.

“soo, pegging right?” oikawa cups a hand on his chin as his expression turns into one of contemplating his decision.

“can’t say i’ve tried it before.”

you roll your eyes, crossing your arms as you stare him down. “you don’t have to do it if you aren’t ready, babe.” he scoffs at this, jutting out his bottom lip as his face scrunches up in protest.

“i’ve been ready, baby-”

“but are you sure?” you cut him off with a concerned yet somewhat shy look, tone full of wary. he chuckles at this, any sign of teasing gone as he takes your hands to cradle them close to his chest.

“there’s no one else i’d trust with this more than you, love.” a faint blush blooms from the soft gesture, still maintaining eye contact with the brunette. you give a small smile, pleased with his answer.

“i’m glad. there’s no turning back after this, okay?” he gives a firm nod at this, beaming. “mhm! i’ll get my turn after right?”

you pull away, standing up as you reply with a giggle. “of course, tooru. as many rounds as you like.” he silently cheers at this, stripping off his shirt and shorts as he sends you a bashful look.

“mind you, i haven’t really done this before so… be gentle, baby?” you stripped along with him, dropping the articles of clothing on the floor. “no promises babe, but i’ll try,” you cast a small wink with a cheeky grin.

“what should our code be?”

“our safe word could be emerald?” he suggests, now free of his clothes as he kicked them away with his feet. you nod and made your way to the cabinet where the stuff you needed was stored in. “emerald it is.”

you rummage around the cabinet to look for the strap, smiling lightly to yourself. “i won’t lie, i’m kinda nervous,” he hums at this, dipping by your shared bed as he patiently waits for you to retrieve the godly piece of silicone about to be placed right up his ass. if you enjoy it, who was he to complain? 

“you and me both, love. but do let me prep up - do we have any lube around?” 

“i think we do! try checking the bedside table,” you looked over your shoulder, eyes leading to the said furniture before turning back to search for the device. he wordlessly turns his gaze over to the mentioned furniture, hands trailing over the drawer and pulling it, noticing the required item they needed for preparation. he takes it out, pleased that there was still a generous amount inside the container. “i got it.”

“nice, well.. i found it,” you stood up, turning to face the male, teasingly displaying the main star of tonight's show. “isn't it a beauty?” he turns his gaze towards the plastic dildo, giving it a once over with a small snicker. his dick was still bigger after all.

“how cute.” he comments. you roll your eyes, letting out a small giggle as you walked over to where he was situated, giving a gentle kiss on his forehead. “your dick is still bigger, yes. don’t let it get to your head.”

“it should be basic knowledge,” oikawa leans in to snag a kiss from your lips before handing the bottle of lube over to you. “prep me up, baby.”

“alright, tiger,” you opened up the bottle full of lubricant, coating a generous amount on your fingers before sitting down in front of him, pulling him closer. “tell me when it hurts baby, i don't want to hurt you okay?”

he gives a nod, leaning in to kiss her cheek as he shuffles even closer. “mhm, i will. emerald, okay?” he asks again for reassurance.

“emerald,” and with that, you slowly insert a single digit inside his tight hole, peppering kisses along his neck; occasionally sucking on certain spots. he lets a small grunt escape his lips, the unfamiliar but somewhat pleasurable feeling of fingers moving around his butthole was foreign but he takes it nonetheless. pleasured sighs fanned over your head as he let you mark his neck.

“do you feel good, baby?” you mutter in between kisses, leaving love bites on his neck, butterfly kisses tracing his jawline. you took pleasure in hearing the sighs of your beloved, enough to spur you on even more as you felt the slight throb of your core in between your legs.

“y-yes, love-” he grunts, feeling your long, nimble fingers stretch his puckered hole in order to prepare him for what was to come. “more, baby. i want more,” 

“hmm? i didn't quite hear you baby,” you purred in his ear, a smirk gracing your facial features. it was kinda like payback at this point, recalling the times oikawa would edge you until you’re in tears. 

“you have to earn it first,” you added on, slowing the pace of your fingers to a more painstakingly slow one much to your delight. he whines lightly, hands dipping down to rake his fingernails on the side of your thighs, rubbing his growing erection against your knee.

“please,” he swallows, feeling himself loosen up. “f-fuck me, mommy. please, i want you to fuck me-” he gasps at the slow thrusts of your fingers, feeling himself shiver at the feeling. 

“good boy, you're doing great darling,” you placed a kiss on his lips, free hand making its way to his pulsing cock, slowly rubbing the head in the process. you gradually quickened the pace of your fingers.

“how do you want me to fuck you tonight baby?”

“fuck me with- with your strap-” he stutters out, feeling his cock twitch against your hand, groaning out praise and pleas as he shuddered in your hold. you couldn't help but chuckle at the state he was in, seeing as he's enjoying himself. you insert another finger inside his tight walls, pace quickening as you multitasked with fingering his hole and giving him a hand job. “loose enough yet, tooru?”

he shivers once more, a flushed expression adorning his pale skin. “y-yeah, i think i'm ready now..” 

“alrighty!” you exclaimed, a little too excited - the giddiness that you felt was overwhelming as you knelt on your knees, adjusting the little device that you were wearing. 

“get on your knees and let me see that cute little ass,” you snicker, patting his rear as he got on all fours. he gave you a look as turned around, getting on the position you requested of him. he turns his head to the side, admiring your profile from his doggy style pose he was under.

you position yourself in front of his hole, [e.c] irises meeting with his own, the glint in your eyes telling stories of excitement. “you ready for me, baby?” he grunts in affirmation, bracing himself. “yes,”

“yes what?” you smack his ass lightly, hard enough to hurt but not enough to leave a mark. he yelps at this, the slightly pleasurable burn tingling his pale asscheeks. 

“y-yes, mommy,” and without hesitation, you slowly let the silicone dildo enter his tight butthole, watching the piece of silicone disappear inside him with amusement. “does it hurt, baby? feel alright?” his grip on the bed sheets tighten, figure shaking a bit at the sudden invasion in his ass. 

“a-a little... just take it slow-” he groaned out, eyes fluttering open.

“i promise babe, just tell me when to move okay?” you lean in to smother the nape of his neck with kisses, caressing his sides to soothe him down. he lets himself have a moment, trying to adjust before he lets out a shaky sigh.

“you can try moving, love. please, make me feel good.” 

“your wish is my command, my pretty boy,” you started thrusting in a slow but steady pace, resuming back to gently bite the nape of his neck to where his sweet spot is. he throws his head back, shuddering at the way your teeth bit down on his neck, knowing exactly where to mark him. “fuck! ahh- more, mommy, more,”

“more, you say?” you pulled out and violently slammed it in again, hoping you didn't hurt him by accident. “shit! fuck yes-” he pants, hole tightening around the strap as his ass slammed against your naked hips.

“how bad do you want it, baby?” you whisper by his ear, before pulling out and thrusting in again, actions getting repetitive. 

“i want it.. so bad-! ram i-it into me, mommy-!”he gasps, ragged breaths leaving his lips as he whines from the pressure building up. you grab onto his hips to control the pace, continuously ramming into his ass, pressing his head down onto the soft mattress. “who makes you feel good like this, baby?” he moans out loud, lewd pleas and erotica echoing left and right as he drowns himself in the pleasure. 

“fuckfuck, you mommy! m-mommy's fucking me so fucking good!”

you quicken the pace at an inhumane speed, the sounds of praises and moans that echoed in the room filled you with excitement, ignoring the tingles on your thighs. “oh yeah? do i fuck you so good to the point you're losing your mind right now?” you emphasize this with a harsh slap on his ass, the impact receiving an immediate reaction from his drunken yelp.

“y-yes, mommy!” he wheezes, feeling his cock twitch from how hard he was of how downright hot the situation was - fucking him like a bitch in heat. “shitshitshit, i-i can't-!” you pull him up using his hair, tugging him close to you, bodies exchanging heat as the room got even more humid. “can't what baby? can't handle this fucking dick inside your ass?” you pant, keeping your pace steady but fast as you bite down on his shoulder.

oikawa arches his back against your breasts, shivering from the heat radiating from their bodies from their aggressive rut. “m-mommy, please- let me cum! i'll be your good boy, i s-swear!” pathetic whines and pleas escaped his lips as his tongue lolled out from his mouth, legs quivering underneath.

“mm, let me think about it, baby,” hearing his whines sent shivers down your spine - one violent thrust after the other, disregarding the weariness you were starting to feel. your only goal was to make him feel good. his cries only grew louder, the pleasurable burn in his butthole catching up to him as he reached down to rub his hard-on, desperate to get off.

“let me help you with that,” you chuckle at his desperation, grabbing his stiff cock to help him reach his climax whilst in the process of catching up to your pace from before. the stimulation from both his cock and asshole was too much, having yet another moan escape from his bruised lips. “fuck, i'm cumming mommy! c-cumming~!” 

“come on baby, cum for mommy,” you pant, sighs escaping your lips before picking up the already fastened and secure pace - ignoring the ache you felt in your legs as you wanted him to reach the climax he’s begged for so nicely. he lets out a few more grunts and moans escape his lips, shaky breaths growing louder as he finally reaches his high, dick spurting out ribbons of cum all over your hands as it dripped to the bed sheets.

after thrusting a few more times, you stopped with a shaky sigh, bringing up the hand previously jacking him off to your mouth to lick up his cum, humming in satisfaction. “you taste so good, my good boy,”

he shivers, panting as he drops down to the bed, spent from being pegged. “th-thank you, mommy,” you remove the dirty strap, stretching a bit to ease the friction from your stiff joints, leaning down to kiss him on the forehead before getting up to clean the hot mess. 

“you did great, my love. i'll run you a bath, okay?” he hums in approval, moving to sit up from the bed. he felt sticky and dirty after all. “alrighty~”

after a few minutes of prepping a hot bath for your lover, you came back from the bathroom and kissed his once bruised lips. “thank you for this, tooru. i love you.”

GENERAL NSFW TAGLIST | @hakueishirei​ @pyblos​ @kxgeyamasmilk​ @kunimwuah @ideshine @janellion @kageyamasbabygorl @miyaosamoo​ 

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[ceciliaroseinkol]

The Inner Freedom of the Heart that Maintains Steadfast to Truth. The winged rose-heart sings the coherence of forces. She wears a belt of roses, insignia of the empress of nature. Two quetzals, originary creator in mythological imagination are taking flight, one on each shoulder, headed in equipose yet mirroring directions. Third eye and ears replete with winged perception. Snakes wind through a circuit stemming form her third eye, emerging from crystal nodes. March 2021: Cecilia Rose Inkol. Inks, acrylics, watercolor, and paint markers.

[1977records]

White Trash

by Christopher Makos

[Publisher]  Stonehill Publishing Company [サイズ]  23 x 30.4 cm     [ページ数] 98ページ [発売日] 1977年

BUY

価格 : 11,000 Yen (with tax)　

ニューヨークの初期パンクシーンを生々しく切り取った貴重な写真が収められた1冊。貴重な初版のオリジナルです。

[ホワイト・トラッシュ]は、彼を新興のパンク・シーンを捉える先駆者として確立した。この本の宝石は、そのページをめくったすべての人に瞬く間に愛されるようになった--Aria Isberto "Resource Magazine, March 17, 2014 "

マコスの更新されたモノグラフ、ホワイト・トラッシュは贅沢なも��である...この本のすべてが贅沢であり、その意味では時代を語るものとなっている。パンクは過去のものであり、ニューヨークはとっくの昔に消えてしまった。しかし、その場所に生きているのは写真、思い出、そして物語だ--ミス・ローゼン "Crave Online, 2015年7月28日 "

クリストファー・マコスは世界的に有名な写真家です。ポートレートの作品で最もよく知られており、世界中のギャラリーや美術館で展示されています。パリで写真家マン・レイに弟子入りし、アンディ・ウォーホルとのコラボレーションも行っている。これまでの著書には、カルバン・クラインとのコラボレーションによる男性ヌードの研究『Exhibitionism』、馬のユニークなポートレート『Equipose』（Glitterati 2005）、間もなく発売される『Warhol In Context』などがあり、70年代、80年代、90年代の間に彼がこの大物アーティストに接したユニークな軌跡を視覚的に記録している。

背表紙に折り目、上部剥がれ、表紙角折れあり。全体的に状態はいい方だと思います。

[upennmanuscripts]

Stains Alive! BiblioPhilly and Labeculae vivae: The categorization of stains in alchemical manuscripts using multispectral imaging

Fifty-two discoveries from the BiblioPhilly project, No. 8/52 A guest post by former Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies CLIR Fellow, Dr. Erin Connelly

Recipes and extracts on alchemy, medicine, metal-working, cosmetics, veterinary science, agriculture, wine-making, and other subjects, Northwestern Italy, Probably before 22 December 1438. Philadelphia, Science History Institute, MS Othmer 1, front cover

Labeculae vivae was a project supported by a microgrant from the Council on Library and Information Resources (CLIR). The project ran for one year, from August 2017 to September 2018, during which stains from about forty Western European manuscripts, ranging from the twelfth to sixteenth centuries, held in the special collections of five partner institutions, were imaged, and subsequently analyzed. In 2016, the Bibliotheca Philadelphiensis project catalogued manuscripts from the Science History Institute and its Othmer Library of Chemical History, which houses over 140,000 objects, including an invaluable collection of medieval alchemy manuscripts. Prior to the recent work of the BiblioPhilly project, these manuscripts were undigitized and several have never had a printed edition. The team members of Labeculae vivae[1] performed multispectral imaging and analysis on a selection of alchemical manuscripts from the Science History Institute based on stains identified during cataloguing by BiblioPhilly.

Many of the most interesting manuscript stains are found in the bindings and folios of soiled, heavily-used medical and alchemical texts. Signs of this practical use may be obvious, such as burn marks from furnaces, but innocuous-looking stains (e.g. appearing to be water damage) may contain hidden information about medicinal or chemical solutions, or even heavy metal contamination, which is not evident by sight alone. The majority of manuscripts identified as potential candidates for stain analysis have never been accessible in either print or digitized formats. This is especially true of medical and alchemical texts, which are often less well-known than medieval literary works and may be considered less “beautiful” than the illuminated and decorated texts commonly regarded as world treasures.

As an example,[2] we can highlight the analysis and investigative process for Othmer 1 of the Science History Institute, a manuscript from North-Western Italy, dated before the end of 1438, containing “Recipes and extracts on alchemy, medicine, metal-working, cosmetics, veterinary science, agriculture, wine-making, and other subjects.”

MS Othmer 1, fol. 68r

When making a first plot of the spectral curves of the various components of the page, we considered the larger bicolored stain as one component, conjecturing that the central core might be a more concentrated element of the same substance throughout the stain. This has a unique shape that was not reconcilable with anything else on the page, and followed only slightly, as is often the case, that of the paper substrate, since it did not cover it completely, masking its spectral response (see image below).

Plotting the spectral curves for the stain in the middle of the columns as a composite

A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) investigation, however, led us to notice the spectral response of the ruling ink, as opposed to the writing one. This also evidenced the pale yellow-brown components of the large stains, but not the greyish core. Further analysis showed that the central greyish core, resembled the response of the writing ink (see image below). This led us to plot the spectral response a second time, and to separate the two components of the central stain in two different spectral curves: one for the inner darker spot, and one for outer light-colored area. The new curves followed the same respective patterns of the writing ink and of the ruling ink (see second image below). As it is clear from the analysis, the stain must have occurred at the time of writing, and not afterwards. The stain thus reveals the work of an untidy scribe, who spilled the ruling ink pot on the recto of folio 68, and then also dropped some writing ink on the same area, resulting in the composite stain that we can see today. This gives us clues regarding the kind of manuscript that Othmer 1 is: a working copy important for its content and not for its appearance.

False color image showing different ink components highlighted in different colors: ruling in yellow, writing ink in red, and rubrics in blue; the central stain shows similar color configurations: inner core in reddish tone and outside area in yellow

Plotting the spectral curves for each component of the central stain, revealing patterns similar to the writing and ruling inks

Similar to BiblioPhilly, the main objective of Labeculae vivae was to reveal and make available new information about lesser known medieval manuscripts in order to provide a foundation for further scholarly endeavours. Along those lines, over the course of the Labeculae vivae project, we have collected about 220 Gb of data that is now hosted by OPENN, University of Pennsylvania Libraries.[3]

[1] Dr. Alberto Campagnolo, Dr. Erin Connelly, and Dr. Heather Wacha (CLIR postdoctoral fellows at the time of the project), with the generous help of Michael (Mike) B. Toth from R.B. Toth Associates and Dr. William (Bill) Christens-Barry of Equipose Imaging.

[2] This excerpt of text and figures is from Alberto Campagnolo, Erin Connelly, and Heather Wacha, “Labeculæ Vivæ: Building a reference library of stains for medieval and early modern manuscripts,” in Manuscript Studies, A Journal of the Schoenberg Institute for Manuscript Studies (forthcoming 2019).

[3] The repository (ark:/81431/p35d8nj0r) is maintained by http://bit.ly/2WQ2zH9. The citation URL is http://bit.ly/2Ee8izs.

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