#eosinophilic bronchitis

[clinicalmedicine]

GOLD 2023

Previous treatment categories C and D have been combined into a new category, named E (for exacerbations). GOLD provides new guidance based on blood eosinophil level. Initial therapy for categories A, B, and E is as follows: – A: Long-acting β-agonist (LABA) or long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) – B: LABA + LAMA (change from monotherapy) – E: LABA + LAMA; if blood eosinophils are ≥300 cells/μL, consider LABA + LAMA + inhaled corticosteroid (ICS). No recommendation is made (at any eosinophil level) for ICS without combined LABA + LAMA. – For patients with persistent exacerbations despite LABA + LAMA + ICS or for those who have

100 eosinophils/μL, roflumilast (for patients with chronic bronchitis and FEV1 <50% of predicted) or azithromycin (in nonsmokers) can be considered.

[hyenaswine]

sorry this is just me rambling about veterinary stuff & i don't remember how to do a read more or if tumblr even has that function. it's nothing major or terrible

so bubo's got a lot going on right now. he spent a couple nights in the hospital last month with bronchitis/asthma (main symptom was abdominal breathing; cats should not be breathing so hard that they have to use their abs to move air in & out of their lungs). while he was there they also diagnosed him with hyperthyroidism & lymphocytosis based on blood work. this is on top of his prior history of head trauma, neurological damage, feline viral rhinotracheitis, eosinophilic granuloma complex, food allergies that cause his skin to get red & angry & start sloughing off if he eats [checks notes] MEAT. ANY KIND OF MEAT. WHAT KIND OF GOD MAKES AN OBLIGATE CARNIVORE THAT'S ALLERGIC TO MEAT?

oh & he also barfs when he purrs too much.

ANYWAY. his breathing is better now but he still clearly has a secondary infection because he has yellow-green nasal discharge that isn't improving with his current antibiotic. he's on methimazole for his thyroid & there's not really a way to tell if that's working without blood work, so we'll do that in 2 weeks. i was supposed to taper him down on prednisolone to only every other day, but now it looks like his skin might be going bad again & that's so hard to control once it starts, so i'm still giving the pred daily (eosinophilic granuloma complex is an autoimmune disease that attacks the skin & pred is an immune suppressant).

i thought i was going crazy cuz to me it looks like the left side of his face - specifically his ear, that bald spot cats have in front of their ear, & his lips - gets kind of red & puffy in the nighttime, but ONLY the left side, & ONLY at night. his left eye also waters. he also has a weird little sore in the crook of his left arm (i mean... left front leg. on the cranial aspect of the left front leg just distal to the elbow, ok? if you wanna get technical).

i took the above photos to show his vet at his next appointment; he's clearly got a fat lippy & he's started developing comedones (cat acne) on his chin. he also just seems dumpy! he's a cat so it's hard to tell but he seems to be sleeping more than usual & is just quiet & not himself. at the appointment with his regular vet i feel like she just kind of brushed off the lymphocytosis, but since that was confirmed by a pathologist & can be a sign of lymphoma or non-viral leukemia, i'm worried about it. the answer is probably that he needs to start seeing an internal medicine specialist again, cuz i'm getting really sick of being passed around the office & subjected to these guessing games. i know that's how veterinary diagnostics work but... i'm just frustrated. they don't follow up or follow through. i was technically supposed to already have a referral to an internist. he was supposed to have an ultrasound like 6 months ago. plus they told me that nobody in town does radioactive iodine treatment for hyperthyroid cats & that's not true.

idk. i'm just writing. i like to talk about veterinary details cuz i guess it helps me feel more in control. i've been working on this cat's cascade of problems for 11 years. god doesn't want this cat to be, but i know better than god. also the vet said "he could have a few more years left" & that really bothered me because he's ONLY 12. i know he's been through a lot but he's gonna live to be 20 at least. all my cats live forever. don't make me think about my cat's mortality when my dog just died last year.

[creativeera]

Budesonide Inhaler - An Effective Treatment for Asthma Symptoms

What is Budesonide? Budesonide is a corticosteroid medication that is primarily used as an inhaled asthma preventer and treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It works by reducing inflammation in the lungs to help prevent asthma symptoms and attacks. Budesonide comes as a metered-dose inhaler to deliver the medication directly to the lungs where it can work most effectively. How Does Budesonide Work? Asthma is characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the small air passages in the lungs called bronchioles. When a person with asthma comes into contact with certain "asthma triggers," the muscles around the bronchioles tighten and the tubes constrict, making it difficult to breathe. Budesonide works by reducing this inflammatory process at the source in the lungs. It belongs to a class of drugs called corticosteroids that are very effective at minimizing airway inflammation. By lowering inflammation, Budesonide Inhaler relaxes the muscles around the bronchioles and prevents swelling, allowing better airflow and easier breathing. Uses of Budesonide Inhaler

Budesonide inhaler is primarily used for the maintenance treatment of asthma in both children and adults. It helps prevent asthma symptoms like wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness and coughing from occurring on a regular basis. It is also used to prevent exacerbations or attacks in those with mild-to-moderate persistent asthma. Some of the key uses of it include: - Maintenance treatment for persistent asthma to control symptoms and reduce exacerbations - Prevention of exercise-induced asthma - Treatment of eosinophilic bronchitis which causes chronic cough - Prevention of COPD exacerbations in combination with long-acting bronchodilators How to Use It Properly For budesonide inhaler to work effectively, it is important to use it correctly as prescribed by the doctor. Here are the basic steps: - Remove the cap and shake the inhaler well before each use - Breathe out fully before placing the mouthpiece in mouth between teeth and sealing lips around it - Press down firmly on the canister to release a puff of medication as you inhale deeply and slowly - Hold breath for around 10 seconds before exhaling slowly - Rinse mouth with water after use to reduce the risk of thrush - Use the inhaler once or twice daily as recommended depending on asthma severity Side Effects Overall, it is well tolerated with minimal systemic side effects due to its direct delivery to the lungs. Some of the most common minor side effects include: - Throat irritation or hoarseness of voice - Headache - Coughing - Nasal congestion or nosebleeds - Yeast infection of mouth or throat (oral thrush) More serious side effects are rare with short-term use but may include decreased adrenal function with long-term high doses. Budesonide inhaler should be used carefully in patients with active tuberculosis or untreated fungal, bacterial or viral infections. Prolonged treatment may also suppress the immune system slightly increasing infection risk.

Get more insights on Budesonide Inhaler

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Vaagisha brings over three years of expertise as a content editor in the market research domain. Originally a creative writer, she discovered her passion for editing, combining her flair for writing with a meticulous eye for detail. Her ability to craft and refine compelling content makes her an invaluable asset in delivering polished and engaging write-ups.

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[caffeinated-rants]

I checked my blood test results on the patient portal. I'm pretty sure I'm anemic again. Iron binding capacity and transferrin levels are both high wile my iron saturation is low.

I also have high auto monocyte percent, eosinophil percent, and auto eosinophil absolute, along with LOW glucose and low carbon dioxide levels.

I looked each of these up:

The monocyte means that I could be fighting an infection, have an autoimmune disease, or a blood disorder.

High eosinophil may mean my body is fighting off an infection from a virus, bacteria, or fungus. So I'm likely also sick ATM.

Low c02 is low oxygen, which also could be a sign of other health issues.

Low glucose man's my blood sugar is also low.

And the iron and transferrin levels are indicating low iron and anemiaaaaaa

I love being medically unwell 24/7. 🫠

I see hematology on Thursday so hopefully these results get explained more. I was able to bump down to a lower deductible on m insurance that will go into affect Jun 1, so if I need major stuff again this year I'll pretty much hit my deductible immediately due to going from a $3500 threshold to $250.

My seasonal allergies have been kicking my ass this entire month, so that could b he reason why the blood work shows I'm potentially fighting an infection. My asthma acts up with said allergies and I always have to worry whether or not they turn into something worse like bronchitis or pneumonia due to the mucus buildup. I can't blow my nose due to extremely sensitive sinus cavities, so... I'm constantly sniffing and feel the mucus in the back of my throat. Hence why I worry about bronchitis and pneumonia.

Anyhow... this isn't so much of rant as it is an update I guess. Do I want to b anemic again? Hell no. But I KNOW that so.ething isn't right with my health and I need to figure out what it is.

I have a coworker who was clinically diagnosed with POTs and she even said that a lot of my symptoms sound like what she experienced for 6yrs leading up to her diagnosis. The only Hong I haven't had happen is a complete fainting spell, I have never passed out to my recollection. But doing research I know that not every POTs patient actually has episodes of syncope. There's just as many who only get pre-syncope and feel like passing out but never actually do.

I honestly hope I can get to the bottom of things soon.

[eosinophil-hate-blog]

Eosinophil Awareness Week is May 15 - 21, 2022!

This week is Eosinophil Awareness Week! The goal is to raise awareness for eosinophilic disorders, and the impact these rare illnesses have on the people afflicted with them.

[siglerprescriptiondrugcards]

Infliximab

Common Brand Names: Remicade

Therapeutic Class: Monoclonal antibody, TNFa-blocking agent

Common Injectable Dosage Forms:

Lyophilized Powder for Injection: 100 mg/vial. Store under refrigeration at 2°C-8°C

Dosage Ranges:

In combination with methotrexate, to reduce the signs and symptoms, inhibit the progression of structural damage, and improve physical function in patients with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis: 3 mg/kg given as an intravenous infusion followed by additional doses at 2 and 6 weeks then every 8 weeks thereafter. Doses may be increased up to 10 mg/kg or given every 4 weeks.

To reduce the signs and symptoms and to induce and maintain clinical remission in patients with moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy AND to reduce the number of draining enterocutaneous and rectovaginal fistulas and to maintain fistula closure in patients with fistulizing Crohn’s disease: 5 mg/kg given as an intravenous infusion followed by additional doses at 2 and 6 weeks then 8 weeks thereafter. Doses may be increased up to 10 mg/kg. Patients who fail to respond within 14 weeks should discontinue therapy.

Administration and Stability: Infliximab may be used within 3 hours of reconstitution. Use 10 mL of Sterile Water for Injection, USP to dissolve the lyophilized powder. Vials should be gently swirled but not shaken. Allow the reconstitution to stand for 5 minutes. Further dilute to a total volume of 250 mL with 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP and with a final concentration of 0.4 mg/mL. The infusion should be administered over a period of not less than 2 hours using an infusion set with an in-line, sterile, non-pyrogenic, low protein-binding filter (pore size of 1.2 µm or less).

Pharmacology/Pharmacokinetics: Infliximab competitively blocks the binding of human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa) to its receptors. Infliximab does not neutralize TNFb (lymphotoxin a), a related cytokine that utilizes the same receptors as TNFa. Elevated concentrations of TNFa have been found in the joints of rheumatoid arthritis patients and in the stools of Crohn’s disease patients. The biological activities of TNFa include induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukins (IL) 1 and 6, enhancement of leukocyte migration by increasing endothelial layer permeability and expression of adhesion molecules by endothelial cells and leukocytes, activation of neutrophil and eosinophil functional activity, induction of acute phase reactants and other liver proteins, as well as tissue degrading enzymes produced by synoviocytes and/or chondrocytes. The terminal half-life of infliximab is around 9 days.

Drug and Lab Interactions: Concurrent administration of etanercept (another TNFa-blocking agent) and anakinra (an interleukin-1 antagonist) has been associated with an increased risk of serious infection. TNFa-blocking agents, including infliximab, may result in similar toxicities when used with anakinra.

Contraindications/Precautions: Contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to any murine proteins or other components of this product. Doses of over 5 mg/kg are contraindicated in patients with moderate-to-severe heart failure. Serious infections, some fatal, have occurred in patients receiving TNF-blocking agents. Patients should be evaluated for latent tuberculosis infection with a tuberculin skin test. Do not use in patients with a clinically important, active infection. Use with caution in patients with a chronic infection or a history of recurrent infection. Discontinue use if a patient develops a serious infection. Use with caution in patients who have resided in regions where histoplasmosis or coccidioidomycosis is endemic. Cases of leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and pancytopenia, some with fatal outcome, have been reported in patients receiving infliximab. Patients should seek immediate medical attention if they develop signs and symptoms of blood dyscrasias (e.g., persistent fever) while on infliximab. Use with caution in patients with preexisting central nervous system demyelinating or seizure disorders. Do not give live vaccines to patients using infliximab. No recommended in nursing mothers. Pregnancy Category B.

Monitoring Parameters: Vital signs, LFTs, s/s of infection, annual PPD

Adverse Effects: Acute infusion reactions, including fever, chills, chest pain, hypotension, dyspnea, hypertension, pruritus, and urticaria may occur with use. Infliximab increases the risk of developing infections, most commonly respiratory and urinary tract infections. Rare cases of lupus-like syndrome may occur. Less severe adverse effects include abdominal pain, dyspepsia, coughing, bronchitis, rhinitis, rash, pruritus, and headache. Crohn’s disease patients who were retreated with infliximab after a 2–4-year absence had a higher incidence of myalgia, arthralgia, pruritus, facial, hand, or lip edema, dysphagia, urticaria, sore throat, and headache.

Common Clinical Applications: Infliximab is used in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, ankylosing spondylitis, and treatment of and maintenance of ulcerative colitis that has not responded to conventional therapy.

[mcatmemoranda]

Going through questions:

Pulmonary HTN causes fatigue, syncope, and dyspnea on exertion. The right ventricle enlarges-> tricuspid regurgitation murmur. Pulmonary HTN is due to a change in the pulmonary arteries or left-sided heart failure, interstitial lung disease, chronic pulmonary thromboembolisms. If the pulmonary HTN is due to a change in pulmonary arteries, it's called "pulmonary arterial HTN (PAH)." PAH is due to proliferation of smooth muscle in the pulmonary arteries. Genetic mutations in BMPR2, connective tissue disease, and HIV can cause this to happen. Endothelin promotes vasoconstriction and proliferation of arteriolar smooth muscle, so pts with PAH have a lot of endothelin. Blocking endothelin with endothelin receptor antagonists is the treatment for PAH. Endothelin receptor antagonists = bosentan, ambrisentan. To rule out left-sided heart failure, you have to get the pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. This question I answered said a PCWP less than or equal to 12 mmHg will rule out left-sided heart failure as a secondary cause of pulmonary hypertension. I was listening to basic sciences OnlineMedEd pulmonary videos today and Dustyn said PCWP isn't measured anymore because it's a dangerous procedure. But questions may still ask about it. It basically measures pressures in the left atrium. I remember Dr. Vasilyev mentioning pulmonary HTN in a lecture from school. For some reason PAH occurs more in women.

Pulmonary Embolism (PE) can present as sudden SOB and pleuritic CP. I almost got this question about it right but I chose the wrong answer. -_- Anyway, PE causes a ventilation/perfusion mismatch-> hypoxemia. The pt will be tachycardic and tachypneic. The tachypnea can cause decreased PCO2 on ABG. Remember Virchow's triad, which is the triad that makes one susceptible to DVT/PE: SHE = venous Stasis, Hypercoagulable state, Endothelial injury. After surgery, pts have risk for PE. That's why they get LMWH for DVT prophylaxis, but even then, they can still get a PE. I was thinking the pt in the question might also have a fat embolism because he had a femur fracture, but he didn't have the rash or neuro symptoms you see in fat embolism. Fat Embolism Syndrome = petechial rash, confusion, hypoxemia. The embolism prevents blood from flowing to some of the alveoli, so blood is only being oxygenated where it can reach alveoli and therefore is not completley oxygenated. The poorly perfused alveoli become more dead space. V/Q mismatch-> hypoxemia. The hypoxemia can be corrected by giving O2--then the well perfused alveoli will have more oxygen to oxygenate the blood.

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is often due to a ΔF508 mutation of the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator (CFTR). From Wikipedia: ΔF508 is a deletion (Δ signifying deletion) of three nucleotides that results in a loss of the amino acid phenylalanine (F) at the 508th position on the protein.

CFTR transports Cl-. Normally, CFTR folds correctly, gets glycosylated in the Golgi apparatus, and is then sent to the cell membrane. In ΔF508, the protein is misfolded and instead of going to the Golgi apparatus, it gets broken down by proteasomes. Lumacaftor can help put the CFTR proteins in the cell membrane; and ivacaftor can correct the function of the CFTR protein.

Chronic bronchitis is an obstructive lung disease due to somking. Chronic bronchitis causes thickened bronchial walls, enlargement of mucous glands, squamous metaplasia, and lymphocytic inflitrate. Pts with COPD usually have both emphysema and chronic bronchitis. I was listening to an OnlineMedEd video about obstructive lung disease and Dustyn mentioned the Reid Index, which I remember learning about. From Wikipedia: A normal Reid Index should be smaller than 0.4, the thickness of the wall is always more than double the thickness of the glands it contains. Chronic smoking causes submucosal gland hypertrophy and hyperplasia, leading to a Reid Index of >0.5 indicating chronic bronchitis.

Thoracentesis is done between ribs 6 to 8 at the midclavilcular line, between ribs 8 and 10 along the midaxillary line, and between ribs 10 to 12 along the paravertebral line. So it goes 6, 8, 10; midclavicular, midaxillary, paravertebral--i.e., thoracentesis should be done below rib 6 at the midclavicular line; below the 8th rib along the midaxillary line; or below the 10th rib at the paravertebral line to avoid injury to lungs or liver. If you put the needle below the 9th rib, you can injure abdominal organs. You put the needle along the upper border of the rib to avoid the neuro and vascular structures along the bottom of the ribs.

In areas of low oxygen, hemoglobin unloads oxygen. This is what happens at the tissues that need oxygen. In areas of high oxygen, hemoglobin is likelier to bind oxygen, which is what happens in the lungs. Binding of O2 to Hgb increases Hgb's affinity for O2--this is cooperativity. Haldane effect: when oxygen binds to hemoglobin in the lungs, hemoglobin's affinity for CO2 decreases, so Hgb releases CO2 to the alveoli; also Hgb becomes more acidic, so H+ is released from Hgb. So binding of O2 to Hgb-> release of CO2 and H+ (this is the Haldane effect). The H+ combines with HCO3-, which creates CO2 and water. CO2 is transported in blood as HCO3-. CO2 is released to alveoli. At the tissues, the high H+ shifts the hemoglobin dissociation curve to the right and O2 is unloaded from Hgb. High [CO2] and H+-> O2 is released from Hgb (this is the Bohr effect).

A neonate with respiratory distress and scaphoid abdomen immediately made me think of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH), which is when the stomach and intestines are in the chest and therefore the lung didn't develop properly. Bowel sounds in the chest = CDH.

Upon exposure to an allergen, the dendritic cell presents the antigen to CD4+ T cells, specifically Th2 cells, which cause B cell class switching so B cells can make IgE (IL-4 and IL-13 released by Th2 cells causes this). Th2 cells also release IL-5, which recruits eosinophils, neutrophils, and basophils. The next time you get exposed to the allergen, mast cells, which already have IgE on them, degranulate. Excess Th2 cells can cause excess IgE-> chronic eosinophilic bronchitis. Asthma may result from excess Th2 activity.

Lung compliance = change in volume/change in transpulmonary pressure. In pulmonary fibrosis, there's less compliance, so the slope of the curve on the lung compliance vs. transpulmonary pressure graph will be less steep. In emphysema, there's more compliance, so the curve is steeper.

Currant jelly sputum = klebsiella pneumoniae.

[teachingrounds]

Q. Can you make a differential for an adult with chronic cough (lasting 8 or more weeks)?

.

.

.

A. Asthma, GERD, post-infectious subacute cough, upper airway cough syndrome due to post-nasal drip, smoker's cough, ACEIs, chronic bronchitis, bronchiectasis, foreign body, non-asthmatic eosinophilic bronchitis, neoplasm (e.g. anterior mediastinal tumor), or stimulation of the sensory portion of the vagus nerve (see tomorrow's post for more details!).

[drferox]

@lesbiangender said to @ask-drferox:  Hi I was IBD+stomach asker! My cat was dx'd with IBD almost a year ago and what I understood the vet was telling me was that he had inflammation in his intestines that needed to be managed or else he would build up scar tissue and not get any nutrients from that part of his digestive tract. But the only symptom I observe is chronic vomiting (tho he hasn't in over a week! a new record!) and I don't get how a colon issue would make him throw up. Thanks so much for sharing your time and knowledge! Oh, I might should mention that he also had FIV, chronic bronchitis, and a heart murmur but both vets I've brought him to said that the vomiting was unrelated to his other conditions. Figured I should mention just in case. Thanks again!

So the ‘fun’ part about IBD is that it’s usually not just one part of the gut. You might have more obvious pathology in one part of the intestine, but if you took biopsies from that part and others (stomach, rest of intestine, colon) you are likely to find it from stomach to anus.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease isn’t just inflammation, it’s an infiltration of these inflammatory cells into the wall of the gut. That infiltrate can be different cell types, eg lymphocytic, plasmacytic, eosinophilic, etc. And it is a physical lesion, you can see on ultrasound as a thickening of one layer of the gut lining.

Sometimes that thickening will disrupt the normal peristalsis of the gut, the movements which push food downstream. Sometimes it will thicken so much that it becomes obstructive. Both of these methods can cause chronic vomiting. Sometimes the infiltrate will also result in ulcerative lesions.

IBD exists on a spectrum from mild to severe, and at the severe end of that spectrum it turns into lymphoma.

Of some interest and concern, FIV infection also predisposes cats to lymphoma. It probably is unrelated at this stage, but as IBD often progresses it may affect your future decisions.

Minimizing the immunologic stimulus for the IBD helps control it, but not cure it, which is why we often use novel protein or low allergen diets to help with symptoms.

[bestyogapractices]

We can treat a wide range of Health Problems at home. Home remedies come handy in treating day to day common ailments. Home cures have mostly no negative side effects. We have some easy Ways To Strengthen Your Lungs and prevent lung disease. In the aftermath of the Covid-19 Pandemic. Everyone is interested in healthy living techniques.

In order to be healthy, you need to have strong lungs. Many people nowadays have experienced difficulties as a result of Covid-19 since they do not have healthy lungs. Furthermore, rising pollution exacerbates respiratory problems to a new level.

Lung disorders come in a variety of forms. Here, we’ll only go over the best and most simple strategies to strengthen your lungs and treat lung problems from the comfort of your own home.

Basil Leaves

Basil leaves have therapeutic characteristics and are very efficient in the treatment of lung problems. Holy basil has a variety of effects on the respiratory system. It successfully liquefies phlegm and treats cough caused by allergic bronchitis, asthma, and eosinophilic lung disease. Holy basil leaf tea is a popular remedy for colds, coughs, and mild indigestion.

Here’s a tried-and-true home remedy for cough made using basil leaves. This is a powder that may help you get rid of a cough in your lungs.

Take some basil leaves and mix with some Catechu. Then, add some Camphor and Cardamom to it. Finally, add 9 tbsp sugar to it. Make a powder out of all of them by grinding them all together. Every morning and evening, take a pinch of this powder. This is a tried-and-true cough cure.

To summarize, we can treat a wide range of health problems at home. Home remedies come handy in treating day to day common ailments. Home cures have mostly no negative side effects. Thank you for taking the time to read “ways to strengthen your lungs”.

I hope you find this blog to be useful. Do not simply read it and then disregard it. Use it and spread the word about it. It should be beneficial to everyone.

[sapanas]

Asthma and COPD Drugs Market Comprehensive Analysis, Business Opportunities, Development Strategy, Emerging Technologies, Global Trends And Forecast

According to Market Research Future (MRFR), the global market for asthma and COPD drugs is projected to cross USD 43,444.72 million at a CAGR of 7.90% by 2025. Asthma is a type of inflammatory condition that affects the lungs and makes it difficult to breathe. Asthma is one of the common chronic conditions that affect many people around the world. COPD or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the umbrella term used in a category of respiratory disorders such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

Asthma and COPD Drugs Market Dynamics

The rising prevalence and incidence of asthma and COPD and a strong product pipeline are expected to drive market growth. According to a survey released by the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America in June 2019, 1 in 13 Americans has asthma. It also reported that more than 11.4 million people with asthma suffered at least one asthma attack in 2017. Rapidly evolving lifestyles and high R&D investment are also expected to drive business growth.

Asthma and COPD Drugs Market Segmentation

Global asthma and COPD drugs market has been segmented by disease, medication, route of administration, and distribution channels.

The disease-based sector has been divided into asthma and COPD.

Based on the product, asthma and COPD drugs market, drugs have been divided into long-term asthma control drugs and quick-relief drugs. Long-term asthma control drugs are divided into combination drugs, anticholinergics, inhaled corticosteroids, long-acting beta agonists, theophylline, and others. Combination drugs are further classified into Seretide / Advair, Symbicort, Relvar / Breo Ellipta, Flutiform, Dulera, and others. Anticholinergics were further sub-segmented to Spiriva and others. Inhaled corticosteroids are further segmented into Pulmicort, Qvar, Flovent, and others. Quick-relief medication has been further divided into short-acting beta agonists, oral and intravenous corticosteroids, ipratropium bromide (Atrovent), and others. The short-acting beta agonists were further separated into Proair and Ventolin.

The global demand for asthma and COPD medications, depending on the route of administration, has been segmented into oral, inhaled, and other products. Across the basis of distribution networks, the global demand for asthma and COPD medicines has been segmented into specialty pharmacies, hospital pharmacies, and online pharmacies.

Asthma and COPD Drugs Market Regional Analysis

Based on the region, global asthma and COPD drugs market has been divided into the Americas, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Middle East and Africa.

The Americas are expected to dominate the global market for asthma and COPD medicines. It can be due to the increasing number of patients suffering from asthma and COPD in the region. According to the American Academy of Allergy Asthma & Immunology, about 8.3 percent of children in the US had asthma in 2016. In addition, growing health expenditure per person and increasing demand for advanced care options are also expected to drive market growth.

The European market for asthma and COPD drugs is projected to be the second-largest during the review period. Increasing awareness of asthma and COPD in Europe is expected to fuel the growth of the regional sector. For example, in April 2017, the 'United Action for Allergy and Asthma' was launched in Europe to raise awareness of asthma in the continent. In addition, the prevalence of asthma and COPD is also growing in Europe, which is further accelerating market growth.

Asia Pacific is expected to be the fastest-growing market in the world due to increasing awareness of COPD and asthma. This is evident from the launch of a campaign by Koninklijke Philips in May 2019 to raise awareness of asthma in India on World Asthma Day. However, the high incidence of asthma and COPD also has a positive effect on market development.

Asthma and COPD Drugs Market Key Players

The key Players in the global asthma and COPD drugs market are GlaxoSmithKline plc (UK), AstraZeneca (UK), Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH (Germany), and Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA (Italy). Collaboration, acquisition, product approval & launch and expansion were some of the main strategies adopted by players in the global asthma and COPD drug industry.

Get Premium Research Report, Inclusive of COVID-19 Impact Analysis, Find more information @ https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/asthma-copd-drugs-market-8749

Asthma and COPD Drugs Industry News

In April 2019, Boehringer Ingelheim invested USD 117.46 million (EUR 105 million) to expand its manufacturing facilities in Dortmund and Ingelheim for the production of its respiratory products.

In August 2018, the European Commission approved Nucala (mepolizumab) for the care of pediatric patients with serious eosinophilic asthma in the European region. This approval would help to address the high unmet needs of the European population, as the prevalence of the disease is high among children and adolescents as opposed to adults. The region also has a minimal likelihood of treating severe asthma in children

In May 2017, AstraZeneca partnered with Pieris Pharmaceuticals to create and commercialize inhaled treatments for respiratory disorders, including asthma, based on Anticalin.

[market-research-future]

Asthma and COPD Drugs Market Dynamics, Outlook And Segmentation

Segmentation

Global asthma and COPD drugs market has been segmented by disease, medication, route of administration, and distribution channels.

The disease-based sector has been divided into asthma and COPD.

Based on the product, asthma and COPD market, drugs have been divided into long-term asthma control drugs and quick-relief drugs. Long-term asthma control drugs are divided into combination drugs, anticholinergics, inhaled corticosteroids, long-acting beta agonists, theophylline, and others. Combination drugs are further classified into Seretide / Advair, Symbicort, Relvar / Breo Ellipta, Flutiform, Dulera, and others. Anticholinergics were further sub-segmented to Spiriva and others. Inhaled corticosteroids are further segmented into Pulmicort, Qvar, Flovent, and others. Quick-relief medication has been further divided into short-acting beta agonists, oral and intravenous corticosteroids, ipratropium bromide (Atrovent), and others. The short-acting beta agonists were further separated into Proair and Ventolin.

The global demand for asthma and COPD medications, depending on the route of administration, has been segmented into oral, inhaled, and other products. Across the basis of distribution networks, the global demand for asthma and COPD medicines has been segmented into specialty pharmacies, hospital pharmacies, and online pharmacies.

Regional Analysis

Based on the region, global asthma and COPD drugs market has been divided into the Americas, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Middle East and Africa.

The Americas are expected to dominate the global market for asthma and COPD medicines. It can be due to the increasing number of patients suffering from asthma and COPD in the region. According to the American Academy of Allergy Asthma & Immunology, about 8.3 percent of children in the US had asthma in 2016. In addition, growing health expenditure per person and increasing demand for advanced care options are also expected to drive market growth.

The European market for asthma and COPD drugs is projected to be the second-largest during the review period. Increasing awareness of asthma and COPD in Europe is expected to fuel the growth of the regional sector. For example, in April 2017, the 'United Action for Allergy and Asthma' was launched in Europe to raise awareness of asthma in the continent. In addition, the prevalence of asthma and COPD is also growing in Europe, which is further accelerating market growth.

Request a Free Sample Copy at: https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/sample_request/8749

Asia Pacific is expected to be the fastest-growing market in the world due to increasing awareness of COPD and asthma. This is evident from the launch of a campaign by Koninklijke Philips in May 2019 to raise awareness of asthma in India on World Asthma Day. However, the high incidence of asthma and COPD also has a positive effect on market development.

Industry News

Boehringer Ingelheim invested USD 117.46 million (EUR 105 million) to expand its manufacturing facilities in Dortmund and Ingelheim for the production of its respiratory products.

The European Commission approved Nucala (mepolizumab) for the care of pediatric patients with serious eosinophilic asthma in the European region. This approval would help to address the high unmet needs of the European population, as the prevalence of the disease is high among children and adolescents as opposed to adults. The region also has a minimal likelihood of treating severe asthma in children

AstraZeneca partnered with Pieris Pharmaceuticals to create and commercialize inhaled treatments for respiratory disorders, including asthma, based on Anticalin.

Key Players

The key Players in the global asthma and COPD drugs market are GlaxoSmithKline plc (UK), AstraZeneca (UK), Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH (Germany), and Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA (Italy). Collaboration, acquisition, product approval & launch and expansion were some of the main strategies adopted by players in the global asthma and COPD drug industry.

Overview

According to Market Research Future (MRFR), the global asthma and COPD drugs market is projected to cross USD 43,444.72 million at a CAGR of 7.90% by 2025. Asthma is a type of inflammatory condition that affects the lungs and makes it difficult to breathe. Asthma is one of the common chronic conditions that affect many people around the world. COPD or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the umbrella term used in a category of respiratory disorders such as emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

The rising prevalence and incidence of asthma and COPD and a strong product pipeline are expected to drive market growth. According to a survey released by the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America in June 2019, 1 in 13 Americans has asthma. It also reported that more than 11.4 million people with asthma suffered at least one asthma attack in 2017. Rapidly evolving lifestyles and high R&D investment are also expected to drive business growth.

Browse Detailed TOC with COVID-19 Impact Analysis at: https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/asthma-copd-drugs-market-8749

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Global Asthma and COPD Drug MarketKey Geographies, Key Players and Target Audience forecast year 2020

A new market study, titled “  Global Asthma and COPD Drug Market - 2019-2026”been featured on WiseGuyReports.

October 31, 2020                                

Global Asthma and COPD Drug Market Overview

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of progressive lung diseases that make it difficult to breathe. COPD can include emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

The medications that can help reduce inflammation and open the airways to help breathe easier with COPD include; short-acting bronchodilators, corticosteroids, methylxanthines, long-acting bronchodilators, combination drugs, and roflumilast.

Asthma is a chronic disease that makes breathing difficult. Asthma is an inflammation of the air passages in a temporary narrowing of the airways that carry oxygen to the lungs.

The medications for asthma include; inhaled corticosteroids, short-acting beta agonists, immunotherapy, omalizumab, and others.

The global asthma and COPD drug market was worth $ XX billion in 2018 and is forecasted to reach $ XX billion by 2026, at a CAGR of XX% during the forecast period.

Global Asthma and COPD Drug Market – Market Dynamics

The rising prevalence of chronic diseases is one of the factor fueling the global asthma and COPD drug market.

According to Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in 2017, 19.9 million adults aged 18 and over have asthma. About 1 in 12 people have asthma, and the numbers are increasing every year.

According to American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, in 2016, approximately 8.3% of children in the United States had asthma. Boys were slightly more likely to have asthma than girls at a rate of 9.2% and 7.4%, respectively.

In 2016, there were 3,615 asthma-related deaths in 2015. Children under 18 years old made up 219 of those deaths.

According to Asthma UK, 5.4 million people in the UK have asthma, which is 1.1 million children and 4.3 million adults in 2016. In 2016 1,410 people died from asthma. In England, 4,500,000 people (1 in 11) have asthma. This consists of 932,000 children and 3,600,000 adults.

The UK has among the highest prevalence rates of asthma symptoms in children worldwide.

According to Asthma Australia, 1 in 9 Australians have asthm, which is around 2.7 million people with asthma. In 2015, 11.2% of Australians have asthma.

According to World Health Organization (WHO), More than 65 million people around the world have moderate or severe COPD. The prevalence of COPD increased by 44.2 percent to 174.5 million individuals globally. COPD is a leading cause of death in the United States, affecting 16 million Americans in 2015.

Global Asthma and COPD Drug Market – Segment Analysis

Based on drug type, the global market for asthma and COPD drug is broadly segmented as by combination drugs, leukotriene antagonists (LTA), inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), anticholinergics, short acting beta agonists (SABA), long acting beta agonists (LABA), and others.

Currently combination drugs is the dominant segment and it accounts for approximately XX% of the market, due to the regulatory approval for combination drugs.

For instance, in September 2017, GlaxoSmithKline plc and Innoviva, Inc. have received the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approval for single inhaler triple therapy fluticasone furoate/umeclidinium/vilanterol (FF/UMEC/VI), under the brand name Trelegy Ellipta, with combination of fluticasone furoate and vilanterol for airflow obstruction and reducing exacerbations in addition treatment of airflow obstruction.

ALSO READ https://www.medgadget.com/2019/11/asthma-and-copd-drug-market-2019-global-key-players-trends-share-industry-size-segmentation-opportunities-forecast-to-2026.html

In April 2016, AstraZeneca have received the US Food and Drug Administration approval for BEVESPI AEROSPHERE (glycopyrrolate and formoterol fumarate) inhalation aerosol indicated for the long-term, maintenance treatment of airflow obstruction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). BEVESPI AEROSPHERE is a combination of glycopyrrolate, an anticholinergic, and formoterol fumarate, a long-acting beta2-adrenergic agonist (LABA).

In May 2015, Boehringer Ingelheim have received the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approval for a new medication, Stiolto Respimat, to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), combines two different existing COPD drugs with complementary effects into a once-a-day inhaler.

Global Asthma and COPD Drug Market – Geographical Analysis

The global asthma and COPD drug market is segmented into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America and ROW.

North America is dominating the global asthma and COPD drug market, due to the regulatory approval and expansion of product portfolio by adding asthma and COPD drug, which is fueling the market growth.

For instance, in February 2019, Mylan have received the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for first generic version of Advair Diskus (fluticasone propionate and salmeterol inhalation powder).In October 2018, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc. and Sanofi, have received the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval for Dupixent (dupilumab) as an add-on maintenance therapy in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma aged 12 years and older with an eosinophilic phenotype or with oral corticosteroid-dependent asthma.

In January 2015, GlaxoSmithKline plc have expanded its portfolio of in the US, for patients with asthma and COPD. The add-on portfolio include, Arnuity Ellipta, and Incruse Ellipta.

Global Asthma and COPD Drug Market – Competitive Analysis

The strategic alliance between companies and regulatory approval for asthma and COPD drug is one of the key factor driving the global asthma and COPD drug market.

For instance, in December 2018, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. have received the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for ProAir Digihaler (albuterol sulfate 117 mcg) inhalation powder, the first and only digital inhaler with built-in sensors which connects to a companion mobile application and provides inhaler use information to people with asthma and COPD.

In September 2017, Pulmatrix, Inc. have partnered with Vectura Group plc to develop Pulmatrix's drug, PUR0200, for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for the U.S. market.

In May 2016, Vectura Group plc and Propeller Health, have collaborated to develop inhalers that combine Vectura’s proven dry powder inhaler (“DPI”) technology with Propeller’s digital health platform.

Why Purchase the Report?

• Visualize the composition of the asthma and COPD drug market across each indication, in terms of drug type, highlighting the key commercial assets and players.

• Identify commercial opportunities in asthma and COPD drug market by analyzing trends and co-development deals.

• Excel data sheet with thousands of data points of the asthma and COPD drug market - level 4/5 segmentation.

• PDF report with the most relevant analysis cogently put together after exhaustive qualitative interviews and in-depth market study.

• Product mapping in excel for the key products of all major market players

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Respiratory Tract Infection Treatment Market Global Overview 2020 | Forecast till 2026

Summary:

Respiratory diseases such as bronchitis, asthma, allergic rhinitis, pneumonia, and sinusitis can significantly curtail the physical activities of the individual. 

The global Respiratory Tract Infection Treatment Market was valued at US$ 35.64 Bn in 2017, and is expected to witness a CAGR of 6.5% over the forecast period (2018 – 2026).

Figure 1. Global Respiratory Tract Infection Treatment Market Share Analysis (%), By Product Type              

                           Market Drivers:

Increasing prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic pulmonary lung disease, pulmonary hypertension, and occupational lung disease are the major factors augmenting growth of the Respiratory Tract Infection Treatment Market.

For instance, according to the Biomed Central Respiratory Research 2016, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are common chronic obstructive lung disorders characterized by variable airflow limitation and airway hyper responsiveness, affecting over 25 million people in the U.S.

Various organizations, institutions, and agencies are working towards improving the diagnosis and medical care needed to reduce the global burden of respiratory diseases. For instance, the Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD) was formed with the support from the World Health Organization (WHO) to control chronic respiratory diseases. The main objective of GARD is to develop simple and affordable strategies for chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) and to encourage economies to implement health promotion and CRD prevention policies.

Presence of various drugs in pipeline, which is expected to be launched over the forecast period will also boost the market growth of respiratory tract infection treatment. Some of the drugs in the pipeline include Relenza (GSK), MK7264 (Merck & Co.), Presatovir (Gilead), AZD7594, and PT010 (AstraZeneca).

Market Restraint

Presence of various generic manufacturers and low cost of various drugs including antibiotics in the market may hinder the respiratory tract infection treatment market to some extent during the forecast period.

Request for the Sample copy @ https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/market-insight/respiratory-tract-infection-treatment-market-2030

Segment Information:

North America is expected to hold a dominant position in the global respiratory tract infection treatment market over the forecast period, owing to increasing number of hospitalizations and emergency visits associated with acute or life threatening medical problems.

According to the study by Society of Critical Care Medicine 2016, over 5.7 million patients are admitted annually in intensive care units (ICUs) in the U.S. for support of airway, breathing or circulation, and comprehensive management of injury.

Also, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 2017, around 1.7 million emergency department visits with chronic and unspecified bronchitis were registered in the U.S. hospital facilities.

Furthermore, several pharmaceutical and biotechnological companies are focusing on expanding their business in Asia Pacific region, to maximize their R&D activities, as this region provides better access to patients for clinical trials, with low cost operational efficiencies.

Increasing government investments in research and development, patient awareness, improved health care infrastructure and facilities, high disposable income, and prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle are also expected to foster growth of the respiratory tract infection treatment market in the Asia Pacific region.

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Figure 2: Global Respiratory Tract Infection Treatment Market Share (%), By Region

Key Development

Increasing approval of new drugs by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is also expected to propel the overall market growth over the forecast period. For instance, in November 2017, the U.S. FDA approved Fasenra (Benralizumab) manufactured by AstraZeneca, a respiratory biologic for patients aged 12 years and older who are suffering from asthma, and with an eosinophilic phenotype.

Key players operating in the global Respiratory Tract Infection Treatment Market include 

Abbott Laboratories, AstraZeneca, Plc, Abbvie Inc., Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH, Cipla Pharmaceutical Company, GlaxoSmithKline plc, Pfizer Inc., Merck & Co., Novartis AG, F. Hoffman La Roche Ltd, Sanofi, and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd.

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