#eo9066

[biographiness]

On February 19 in history, three remarkable events took place: Nicolaus Copernicus was born, Executive Order 9066 was issued, and Mir was launched 🗓️

Follow for more👉 @biographiness

[jtownraindancer]

We have much more in common with each other than we once knew. We all desire the same things. To have a home. To be missed. To be understood. Then we learn to share this world, and this is where we finally conquer War for good. And with every generation, we have to hold up a new standard for peace.

[warsofasoiaf]

Do you sometimes think that you're too harsh on FDR?

No, not particularly. I think the things I criticize him for are fairly self-evident.

No one denies that the internment of Japanese-Americans was a travesty, but I am annoyed at the historical minimization of FDR's role in the entire affair. He's the one who authorized it, and more importantly, he authorized it while having credible intelligence reporting that there was no threat. In historical discussions, FDR is frequently never even mentioned, almost as if paranoia and racism just spontaneously willed EO9066 into existence, as opposed to a document which he knowingly signed.

Similarly, I don't think it's contestable that FDR favored Soviet interests over American ones in his approach to Soviet policy. He took repeated efforts to stop counter-intelligence against the Soviet Union; when the Soviets were discovered to be conducting espionage against the US, his response was to inform the Soviets via back-channels rather than arrest or PNG the offenders, to maintain the relationship and avoid political blowback (since his initial recognition of the Soviet Union was contingent on ceasing espionage activity against the US). While presidents and politicians are given great leeway in interpreting what is in American public interest and frequently conflate personal political interest with the American public interest, Obama declassifying intelligence to shore up his re-election in 2012 comes to mind, I don't think there's any way to interpret his overly-accommodating attitude toward the Soviets as anything other than counter to American interest. This can't even be explained as wartime necessity, because FDR had been doing this even before 1941.

Even something as simple as the Air Mail scandal has broader ramifications. You can say that FDR was misled by George Dern who claimed that the Army Air Service pilots could fly the airmail routes, but he threw MG Foulouis under the bus in order to preserve Dern's and his own political reputation and then gave the airmail contracts to Errett Cord, his campaign contributor. That's fairly standard corruption, but the Hoover administration's awarding of the airmail contracts to campaign contributors was the reason he rescinded the contracts in the first place! The idea that "it's okay when I do it," has been a very pernicious problem when it comes to anti-corruption efforts, and the idea that the politicians will cover up the death of servicemen to save their own careers just rankles me for personal reasons.

You can like him for any number of reasons, I just feel that the historical record largely ignores FDR's blunders in favor of a purely hagiographic approach.

Thanks for the question, Anon.

SomethingLikeALawyer, Hand of the King

[usnatarchives]

During a White House tour for Wounded Warriors and their families, Alanah Poullard, age 5, asked President Obama for a note to excuse her from kindergarten that day. He kindly obliged. (9/19/2013, Obama Library, NARA ID 118817989)

Kindergarten kids, records of the Marshall Plan programs in France post WW2, NARA ID 19985711.

NATIONAL KINDERGARTEN DAY!

Ready for snack time? Play time? Nap time? Circle time?

By Miriam Kleiman, Public Affairs

We mark National Kindergarten Day with records showing Kindergarten kids in a variety of circumstances, including World War I refugees, Japanese-American World War II internees, and post-war children in France.

Kindergarten class, records of the Marshall Plan programs in France post WW2, NARA ID 19985707.

World War I refugee children in makeshift kindergarten, 12/1918. NARA ID 31483306.

Kindergarten children give pennies to the Red Cross, Children's World War I Relief Activities, Plainfield, NJ. NARA ID 31483142.

Daily kindergarten demo, Child Welfare exhibit in France run by the American Red Cross. October, 1918. NARA ID 31483488.

Shigeko Tabuchi teaches Kindergarten in barracks 35-4F, Rohwer Japanese Internment Camp, AR, 11/24/1942. War Relocation Authority, NARA ID 538957.

Kindergarten class on the playground at Tule Lake Japanese Internment Camp, Newell, CA, 9/1944. War Relocation Authority, NARA ID 539600.

Kindergarten children at Gila River Japanese Internment Camp, AZ. War Relocation Authority, 10/25/1943, NARA ID 537377.

[riversidearchives]

Evacuee Property

In remembrance of Executive Order 9066, signed this day in 1942 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, we share a passionate letter written by 25 year-old Yoshio Nakada.  Nakada was removed from his citrus ranch near Asuza, California, as a result of the creation of military exclusion areas along the west coast of the United States.  Nakada and his family were removed to the Los Angeles County fairgrounds, and later sent to Heart Mountain Relocation Center in Wyoming. Relocatees could only take what they could carry, and much of their property was subsequently sold at auction. The U.S. Department of Agriculture War Board for Los Angeles County wrote to Mr. Nakada encouraging him to sell his idle farm equipment rather than letting it go to auction. This letter is his response.

The full text of E.O. 9066 is available on archives.gov 

To learn more about the Japanese American experience, visit the Japanese American National Museum.

Series: Administrative Files Relating to the Sale and Requisition of Equipment Owned by Farmers of Japanese Ancestry, 1943 - 1945. Record Group 145: Records of the Farm Service Agency, 1904-1983 (National Archives Identifier 1487736)  

[thegoforbrokespirit-blog]

When Kazuo Tomasa joined the Army at age 18, he had never left Oahu, let alone traveled to the mainland. The world beyond Hawaii was very big and there was much to see that he had never come across before. Imagine growing up where most Haoles (white people) have the real money and influence and knowing you’re not one of them, and then coming to Fort Shelby, Mississippi and seeing a similar tension, but this time it’s not directed at you but another minority. The southern states of the mainland had very strict laws of segregation, dividing access to buildings like restaurants and theaters and even buses between “White” and “Colored.” In this case, “Colored” meant African Americans. Most Japanese Americans were confused by these labels and then surprised when they were told that they were “white.”

In “Basic Training,” Kazuo learned the skills that all American soldiers are expected to master, in order to give them their best chance at survival and to protect their fellow soldiers. He learned to clean and maintain his rifle, how to shoot, use his bayonet, some hand-to-hand fighting techniques, and then his training took a turn in a whole different direction. Though he had no medical background, Kazuo was placed in the Medical Corps because there was a great need for medics on the frontline. He got between three to four months of training before he shipped out to Europe. . Kazuo said, “There wasn’t much time to spend with the wounded, you just did your best to patch them up and moved on.” . Read more of Kazuo's story as well as the others in "The Go For Broke Spirit"

[movingthings]

#Repost @jamuseum with @make_repost ・・・ Today we commemorate the 80th anniversary of Executive Order 9066. When President Franklin Roosevelt signed it on February 19, 1942, he launched the wrongful imprisonment of people of Japanese ancestry during World War II. Since the late nineteenth century, Asians have been targets of xenophobic and lethal acts of violence. With the pandemic, our community weathered a rash of violence aligning Asians with infectious disease, contamination, and othering. It is forged from the same fire that kindled antisemitism, colonialism, dispossession, and slavery. It is the same flame that ignited segregation, discrimination, and anti-miscegenation laws. Now, it fuels injustice against immigrants and people of color in America and around the world. On the 80th anniversary of #ExecutiveOrder9066, we ask everyone to join us in advancing social justice and equity. JANM was established to preserve the stories of Japanese Americans. We share these stories today to uphold the American ideals of equality, justice, and liberty. We understand what happened in their absence and will never let it happen again. So while we honor the generations before us, we educate the generations after us. Together, we highlight past lessons to understand the plight of communities experiencing the same injustices we faced 80 years ago. #EO9066 #JapaneseAmerican #NeverAgainIsNow https://www.instagram.com/p/CaKq5PFJgNP/?utm_medium=tumblr

[tqpannie]

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@Regranned from @allymaki - Never forget. Never forget people like my grandma who spent her teen life behind barbed wire. Never forget people like Fred Korematsu and Yuri Kochiyama who risked everything to challenge and resist. Never forget Heart Mountain and the 110,000 Japanese Americans who were stripped of their basic human rights. Never forget our shared humanity. May history never repeat this great atrocity. #eo9066 #neveragain #Repost @nikkeidemocracyproject (@get_repost) ・・・ Have you heard of Manzanar? Today marks the 75th anniversary of Executive Order 9066, an executive order which eventually put over 110,000 Japanese Americans into concentration camps. Here's what happened next. Full video on our Facebook page. -- Footage taken from Pilgrimage (2003) by @tadillac in partnership with the UCLA Center for EthnoCommunications - #regrann

[fdrlibrary]

Clem Albers (1903-1990), War Relocation Authority (WRA) Photographer

A Michigan native, Albers grew up in Berkeley, California. While a teenager, he began working as a photographer for the San Francisco Bulletin. He was later employed by the San Francisco Chronicle.

The WRA hired Albers on a short-term contract during the spring of 1942. He shot many memorable photographs documenting the “evacuation” and incarceration process in California and Arizona. Albers left the WRA in May 1942 and became a photographer in the United States Maritime Service. He returned to the San Francisco Chronicle after the war and, eventually, became the newspaper’s chief photographer.

See much of Albers’s work as a WRA photographer, including the photos seen above, in our temporary exhibition IMAGES OF INTERNMENT: THE INCARCERATION OF JAPANESE AMERICANS DURING WORLD WAR II on display in the Library’s William J. vanden Heuvel Gallery through December 31, 2017: https://fdrlibrary.org/exhibitions

[broadus]

#Repost @goforbrokespiritbook • • • • • • Leighton “Goro” Sumida saw many horrors of war. A German soldier taking his last breath. A new kid in a fox hole had an artillery blast blow his brains into his helmet, eyeballs in the trenches, legs all torn up and twisting in the wrong direction. And worst of all, fellow dying soldiers asking him to kill them to save them from suffering. When battling to Rome he remembers the 442 cleared the last roadblock but were then ordered to withdraw so that the White American troops could come in and “save the city.” So they stood by and watched as the Haole (Caucasian) troops rode by and took the credit as the city’ s saviors. When he arrived in France, the fighting was still fierce and the 2nd Platoon was practically lost with heavy casualties. The Germans were over on the next bank and shelling the soldiers. The forest was so thick that the “tree bursts” would shower them with burning branches and shrapnel. Once in Bruyères, France, they were greeted with hugs from the locals. To this day there is an annual celebration called “Cérémonies de la Libération de Bruyères par le 442 RCT” or Ceremonies of the Liberation of Bruyères by the 442 RCT and a monument honoring these Japanese Americans, whom they thank for their liberation. It’s ironic and disappointing that there is no celebration of this kind in the United States. . Read the rest of his and other Nisei veterans stories in "The Go For Broke Spirit". Details at our link in bio. . #100thbattalion #GoForBrokeSpirit#442nd#JapaneseAmerican#AsianAmerican #AsianPride#AsianAF #USArmy #WWII #Nisei#internmentcamp #americanhistory#goforbroke #eo9066 https://www.instagram.com/p/BwRzKbXhA1H/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=eaargx14s8z2

[tt-choppa]

#dayofremembrance #executiveorder9066 #EO9066 #neverforget #manzanar #california #historicsite https://www.instagram.com/p/BuGDBkFHcO5/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=guuerfbvvn8g

[helenarase]

(March 17, 2015) Who else do you know whose family was at a camp? Feb. 19, 1942, FDR signed Executive Order 9066, designating the west coast a military area and authorizing 120,000 Japanese and Japanese-Americans to be incarcerated to camps in some of the most remote places in the U.S. with some of the most severe weather conditions. 77 years isn’t that long. #eo9066 #japaneseamerican #hapa #manzanar (at Manzanar War Relocation Center) https://www.instagram.com/p/BuFjODihsra/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=12p4slcjfxk02

[californiastatelibrary]

High School Dance,Tule Lake Relocation Center, 1940s

Life has its sweet moments -- even in an internment camp. Tule Lake was in operation from 1942 to 1946. It was the only high security camp and was under martial law and occupied by the Army. Those who protested the incarceration were labeled "disloyals" and sent here.

This is part of the State Library's collection of California history. 

[usnatarchives]

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Photographer Dorothea Lange was employed by the Federal government when President Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 on February 19, 1942. 

Lange photographed the experience of Japanese Americans, now deemed a threat to national security, as they were moved from their homes on the West Coast to internment camps.

Her photographs were kept from the public during World War II, but after the after the war ended, these images became part of the holdings of the National Archives and were available to the public. You can explore these images in our digital catalog.

The Franklin D, Roosevelt Presidential Library's new exhibit has just opened. “Images of Internment: The Incarceration of Japanese Americans During World War II” includes over 200 photographs, including the work of Dorothea Lange and Ansel Adams. The exhibit is open until December 31, 2017.

[japaneseamericancontemporaryart]

The Tag Project, 2012 Wendy Maruyama Paper, string, ink, dimensions vary

Installation view at Arkansas Art Center in 2012. Tag replicas represent the tags Japanese Americans wore after Executive Order 9066 was in effect.

[thegoforbrokespirit-blog]

After studying welding, Fumio Steve Shimizu got a job working on a secret, underground fuel-storage facility at Pearl Harbor. His quest to better himself would result in having a front-row seat to one of the most infamous events in history. Steve and the men of his dayshift crew were waiting for the elevator to come up at 8:00 am, standing along a mountain ridge overlooking the harbor. “From where we stood you could see all the ships lined up,” he recalled as he spoke of the planes breaking formation to sweep down on their targets. “The first one was the Arizona, which took a direct hit.” The pilot had crashed his plane into the smokestacks, resulting in a huge explosion and causing the ship to capsize. The speed at which all this occurred is why so many sailors were trapped inside and many others died instantly. Of the 2,400-plus military and civilians who died during the attack, 1,177 were from the USS Arizona. Steve said that the USS Oklahoma was attacked in the same way. . Seeing an attack of this magnitude would either inspire patriotism in you or make you never want anything to do with a battle. For Steve, the choice was clear but the ability to volunteer would not be afforded to him, as he would soon be reclassified as an Enemy Alien. Steve lost his job at Pearl Harbor because of his Japanese heritage, yet his skills as a welder were in high demand, especially now that the US was in a state of war. Steve’s opportunity to join the 442nd came along in 1943 and he went to the mainland for training.

Read the rest in Shane Sato’s The Go For Broke Spirit.