#elegbe

[empyreal-insights]

Egbe: The Family You Didn’t Know You Had

While many Ifa / Orisa / Isese practitioners have heard the word egbe in the context of a social club or study group*, the Yoruba practice of Egbe veneration has only recently come to this side of the water.  

In a spiritual sense, your Egbe are your spiritual family - or Heavenly Mates as one author calls them. These beings may or may not incarnate, but they care for you in the dimension between conception and birth, and continue to journey with you after you arrive on earth. Incarnated Egbe may become our soulmates, “twin flames”, and good friends, but many remain disembodied, assisting us on another plane. 

Folks then ask: how is this different from one’s Ancestors? An Ancestor is someone who physically incarnated, and is part of the literal bloodline that resulted in your unique existence. The distinction is that they definitely lived on earth in human form, and - in the case of your parents, grandparents, and so on - created a family line.  

My humble theory is that Egbe rode the coattails of spirit guides, Ancestor veneration, and spiritualism (a practice prominent in Latinx / Caribbean sects of Yoruba tradition) until we could get back across the water and make the appropriate distinctions. 

Still, our ignorance hasn’t always saved us. We’ve had Egbe issues for generations, but even some of our most experienced spiritualists didn’t know what they were seeing.  

Premature death, fertility issues, generational “curses”, suicide, anxiety, depression, and all manner of personality issues can be - in a Yoruba context - attributed to a distorted relationship with Egbe.** 

Another telltale sign of Egbe-related problems is a life that’s going along relatively well, but with some glaring, unexplained exception. For example: someone with a brilliant career and every material comfort whose houses keep burning down. A skilled, smart person that can’t keep a job. A genuinely kind, sweet soul that people lie and gossip about, with life-altering results. 

From one perspective, it can sound a bit sinister. Why would anyone want to deal with a spirit like that?! But Egbe loves us so much that sometimes they just want us back home. They see the trials of this life and don’t understand why you had to leave while they’re chillin’ in the spirit realm. If you left a partner there, they miss you. If you fall in love with someone on this side, will you ever come back to them? 

Remember: quite a few of them never lived as humans. They don’t have the same concepts of time and three dimensional reality, and may not realize how finite life is. It’s difficult to explain that we’ll naturally give up our bodies and return. All they know is: we’re not there, right now. Where we really belong. Worse yet, we seem to have forgotten about them!

So they mess with stuff that tugs at your soul. Block your blessings. Make life just uncomfortable enough in just the right ways so that you consider leaving.  

With a few exceptions, my life was pretty dope until my mid to late 20s. In my early 30s, I noticed a shift.  Relationships dried up. I never went hungry, but there was rarely more than just enough money. Despite my previous spiritual work and training, the profound breakthroughs I experienced earlier in my journey eluded me. 

In a fit of frustration, I called my godmother. By many measures, I was doing everything right, but reaping the bare minimum. My godfather cited the proverb, “Work like elephant, eat like rat.” 

Exactly.  

She asked Baba to throw opele*** for a quick answer. A few moments later he says, “Ah. She has to initiate to Osun and Egbe.” 

With just those words, a weight lifted and a light came on. I came close to weeping.   

Osun had always been close to me, but I’d been slated to initiate to Sango for years. I knew that could change... but, wow... Osun? And what the hell was an Egbe???

First, I apologized and pled with Egbe for mercy and to forgive my ignorance. After that, I fussed. In no uncertain terms, I let them know: “If you block me, you don’t get what you want. Without an open road, I can’t do what I need to do for you. Meet me at least halfway, and I’ll answer your call.”

In the meantime, I listened, learned, made an effort with offerings and prayers, and they showed up and showed out. 

How do I know?

There were about 10 years between the time I entered the tradition, and when I initiated to Osun. 

It only took two years after that to initiate to Egbe. 

(Which is also a testament to the power and quick work of Osun. Ore Yeye O!) 

Egbe’s energy can be overwhelming, dense, and unwieldy. They can be demanding, mischievous, even petulant. It takes time to get into a groove with them. 

But they also brought wholeness and understanding: my precarious birth; a family full of miracle babies, miscarriages, and middle aged deaths; our uncanny connection to Spirit... all of it put into context.  

I celebrate my renewed bond with my Egbe, and the sweetness they’ve brought to my life. 

I am so grateful for this joy.

  .

N.B. - If this resonates, please understand that regardless of the details of your current practice, instruction around and/or initiation to Egbe will likely require the assistance of a reputable, fully trained Yoruba Elegbe / Olorisa / Awo, since the practice remains a rarity in the west. 

Also keep in mind that everyone has a unique destiny. The worship of Orisa, Ifa, Egun (Ancestors) and other energies are enough for many. I can only speak for my path, and what it demanded. If your practice is working for you, keep working it! 

.:.

*E.g., egbe obinrin might refer to a women’s society / club / gathering. Egbe Obataala could refer to a group of Obataala priests and devotees gathering for worship and education centered around that Orisa.  .

**Yes, our circumstances and experiences have sometimes made it difficult to distinguish spiritual problems from the consequences of societal and systemic oppression. Still, one’s relationship with Egbe adds another layer to the story.   

This is also not meant to negate the reality of mental illness and/or clinical diagnoses. Brain chemistry is a thing. However, Egbe is capable of inducing a very particular state that mimics these things - often accompanied by a sense of feeling out of place, lonely, or separated from something important. For me, it often manifested as a deep ennui and heavy sadness.   . 

***The divination chain used by Ifa priests.

.

[Egbe shrine photo credit]

[newsnigeria]

The Three Phases Of Every One of Us

In Oodua (Yoruba) Mythology, there are three phases that each of us individually must pass through. It’s important to also note that we’ve been existing even before we were born and death is not the end. Egbé The first phase is before we were born, we were among other fellows Elegbe in Òrun. It’s the life that we live over there that prepares us and determines the kinda life we will have here on earth. The process of going to Àjàlámòpín to plead and request for a good Ori. Also using our mouths to choose our destiny and state how we want our lives to be. To the process of going to meet our Egbe to inform them of our purpose of going to earth, the duration of time we are going for and the purpose. Also to Àyànmó which is what is chosen for us. Then to the last process of going to embrace the tree of forgetfulness. All of the above are part of what determines what our life looks like. Born and Alive It’s important to note that we’ve been living even before we were born. Being conceived is the beginning of the next phase and the continuation of the past life you were living. Our existence on earth is a race to fulfill our destiny, live a life of fulfillment, go through the good and the bad, and connect with the divinities for spiritual elevation. The end of this particular phase is DEATH! Ancestor To die now is to die no more. Dying is the journey toward becoming an ancestor. We came from Egbe to become Ènìyàn and later end up becoming an ancestor. Not everybody ends up becoming an ancestor. Some couldn’t fulfill the purpose before dying and they return to Egbe for them to be reborn while some reincarnate. To become an ancestor is to become an Orisa. You watch over your loved ones, bless them, protect them and sometimes communicate with them while they venerate you in return. So you see, in Yoruba belief, life is a circle and at the end of the day, you are returning to where you started. From Egbe to Eniyan, then to Egúngún(Ancestor) and the circle goes on and on and on. Àború Àboyè! Pópóolá Owomide Ifágbénúsolá Read the full article

[asedanaraka]

Eriwoya eriwoya eriwoya Egbé Orun e sua importância na vida dos seres humanos. Em geral, Egbé como toda entidade espiritual apoia seus membros, os protege, lhes dá filhos, riqueza e saúde. Muitas crianças Elegbe assumem posição de liderança, porque já eram líderes no seu Egbe, antes de chegarem na Terra. Por isso, os papéis de liderança que eles assumem na terra são a extensão das várias posições que elas já ocuparam no céu. Egbé ou Alaraagbo é uma das entidades espirituais que mais influenciam em nossas vidas. Acredita-se que muitos Elegbes fazem promessas no céu e eles insistirão para que sejam cumpridas, mesmo com as dificuldades que encontram na Terra. Eles farão estas pessoas passarem por uma série de experiências traumáticas, até que as mesmas cumpram o acordo feito no céu ou recompense em rituais e adoração. Egbé gbe wa oo! Awo Akala Babalorixa Luiz d'Ayra #ilêaséibádanaràká🌈 https://www.instagram.com/p/BxQwVgzh1Ho/?igshid=xorglljlar79

[trendy-talker]

Others criticize Anita Joseph. For warning Frederick and Peggy Leonard, Osagie Elegbe

Others criticize Anita Joseph. For warning Frederick and Peggy Leonard, Osagie Elegbe

Nollywood actressses Anita Joseph and Ngozi Ezeh has slammed their colleague, Osagie Elegbe for cautioning newly married Frederick and Peggy Leonard. KFN reported earlier that the actor had faulted the newly married couple over their amount of PDA. Reacting to it, Anita and Ngozi took to a blog’s comment section to slam him. Anita questioned why he thinks he has the right to caution…

[latestupdates2022]

Anita Joseph, others slam Osagie Elegbe for cautioning Frederick and Peggy Leonard

Anita Joseph, others slam Osagie Elegbe for cautioning Frederick and Peggy Leonard

Anita Joseph, others slam Osagie Elegbe for cautioning Frederick and Peggy Leonard Nollywood actress, Anita Joseph and some other celebrities have slammed their colleague, Actor Osagie Elegbe for cautioning Frederick Leonard and Peggy Ovire over their PDA. Recall that Peggy Ovire had shared a love up video of herself and her hubby, Frederick Leonard kissing and blogs took it online. Reacting to…

[glitzempireofficial]

Mitchell Elegbe Biography: Wife, Forbes Net Worth, Age, Interswitch, Children, Email, Family, State Of Origin, LinkedIn, Wikipedia, Tribe, Full Name

Mitchell Elegbe Biography: Wife, Forbes Net Worth, Age, Interswitch, Children, Email, Family, State Of Origin, LinkedIn, Wikipedia, Tribe, Full Name

Biography Mitchell Elegbe Olusegun (born 14th November 1973), known professionally as Mitchell Elegbe, is a Nigerian entrepreneur born in Edo State, Nigeria. He is the founder and CEO of Interswitch Limited, a Nigerian company that provides switching and payment solutions. Interswitch is Nigeria’s first and largest electronic payment company, with over 1,000 employees. It has been ranked as one…

[greatmachinconglomerate-blog]

Interswitch CEO Mitchell Elegbe to discuss African fintech at TechCrunch Disrupt https://ift.tt/3bBSTZ7

[metabloks]

Interswitch CEO Mitchell Elegbe to discuss African fintech at TechCrunch Disrupt https://ift.tt/35h0Dyt

[dizzedcom]

Interswitch CEO Mitchell Elegbe to discuss African fintech at TechCrunch Disrupt

Interswitch CEO Mitchell Elegbe to discuss African fintech at TechCrunch Disrupt

The CEO of Pan-African fintech unicorn, Mitchell Elegbe, is set to speak at TechCrunch Disrupt 2020 on September 16. He founded the company in Lagos in 2002 to connect Nigeria’s — then — largely disconnected banking system.

Over the next decade plus, Interswitch accelerated the adoption of digital payments across Africa and now stands as one of the continent’s rare fintech unicorns. The company…

[latestupdates2022]

“Flaunting your love online isn’t desirable” – Actor, Osagie Elegbe cautions Frederick Leonard and Peggy

“Flaunting your love online isn’t desirable” – Actor, Osagie Elegbe cautions Frederick Leonard and Peggy

“Flaunting your love online isn’t desirable” – Actor, Osagie Elegbe cautions Frederick Leonard and Peggy Actor, Osagie Elegbe has cautioned his colleagues, Frederick Leonard and Peggy Ovire over their public display of affection following after their marriage. As previously reported by WITHINNIGERIA, A new loved-up video of the two on Peggy’s social media page captured them being all playful as…

[edisonashley]

Corruption Culture & National Development: Can Nigeria Get it Right?

Hi there, You are invited to a FREE zoom webinar.

DATE: Friday, 18th September, 2020

TIME: 3:00 PM West African Time

TOPIC: Corruption Culture & National Development: Can Nigeria Get it Right?

PANELISTS:

Abiola Makinwa- Senior Lecturer, The Hague University of Applied Sciences

Efosa Ojomo- Senior Research Fellow, Clayton Christensen Institute for Disruptive Innovation

Kevin Davis- Beller Family Professor of Business Law, New York University School of Law

Muazu Umar- Director, Policy and Research, Intergovernmental Action Group against Money Laundering in West Africa

Sope Williams Elegbe- Professor, Stellenbosch University

MODERATOR: Edefe Ojomo- Partner, George Etomi & Partners

Register in advance for this webinar with this link: https://bit.ly/332Y8go

After registering, you will receive a confirmation email containing information about joining the webinar.

This Webinar is organised by GEPLAW Consults Ltd & George Etomi and Partners.

Thank you.

The post Corruption Culture & National Development: Can Nigeria Get it Right? appeared first on Lawyard.

Corruption Culture & National Development: Can Nigeria Get it Right? published first on https://immigrationlawyerto.weebly.com/

[itsyourbizme]

Hot off the press!  itsyourbiz Daily is out! 

[newsnigeria]

Ènìyàn mó̩kàndínlógójì ti ní àsepò̩ pèlú alárùn coronavirus l’Ogun

Ènìyàn mó̩kàndínlógójì ti ní àsepò̩ pèlú alárùn coronavirus l’Ogun Ìròyìn láti o̩wó̩ Yínká Àlàbí Iberu bojo ti po gan-an ni ipinle Ogun bayii, paapaa julo lati igba ti ayewo ti fihan pe alarun buruku kan ti wo orileede yii lati orileede Italy. Lati igba naa ni ijoba ti bere si nii se iwadii gbogbo ibi ti arakunrin naa de ki o to di pe aisan naa daa gunle.

Won ni ilera ti yara n sele si arakunrin naa, amo ayewo to gbopan gbodo waye pelu awon to ba se ipade ni Ewekoro to wa ni ipinle Ogun. Won ni ayewo gbodo wa pelu eni to fi moto gbee lati papako ofurufu, won ni ayewo gbodo waye lori awon ti won jo wo baalu de ipinle Eko ati bee bee lo. Elegbe gbogbo ipinle ni o ti gbaruku ti imurasile arun buruku naa ki o maa baa ba won ni ojiji. Iwadii ko tii fihan boya awon eniyan yii ti ko arun tabi won ko koo. Read the full article

[un-enfant-immature]

Interswitch CEO Mitchell Elegbe to discuss African fintech at TechCrunch Disrupt

The CEO of Pan-African fintech unicorn, Mitchell Elegbe, is set to speak at TechCrunch Disrupt 2020 on September 16. He founded the company in Lagos in 2002 to connect Nigeria’s — then — largely disconnected banking system.

Over the next decade plus, Interswitch accelerated the adoption of digital payments across Africa and now stands as one of the continent’s rare fintech unicorns. The company is poised to list on a global exchange, which would also create Africa’s next big tech IPO.

At Disrupt 2020, TechCrunch will seek Elegbe’s perspective on the continent’s fintech scene, Interswitch’s venture plans, and the economic impact of Covid-19 on African startups. This year’s event is 100% virtual, making it possible for anyone with an internet connection to sign in and learn more about Elegbe’s company and digital innovation in Africa.

If you’re a VC or founder in London, Bangalore or San Francisco, you’ll likely interact with some part of Africa’s tech landscape for the first time — or more — in the near future. When measured by monetary values, the continent’s tech ecosystem is small by Shenzhen or Silicon Valley standards.

But when you look at year-over-year expansion in venture capital, startup formation and tech hubs, it’s one of the fastest-growing tech markets in the world.

Bringing the continent’s large unbanked population and underbanked consumers and SMEs online has factored prominently. Roughly 66% of Sub-Saharan Africa’s 1 billion people don’t have a bank account, according to World Bank data.

As such, fintech has become Africa’s highest funded tech sector, receiving the bulk of an estimated $2 billion in VC that went to startups in 2019.

Image Credits: TechCrunch

Interswitch became a pioneer of building the infrastructure to digitize finance on the continent. The company pre-dates the rise of mobile money in Kenya through Safaricom’s M-Pesa product, which is one of Africa’s most recognized fintech use-cases. 

Interswitch’s path from startup to unicorn traces back to the vision of CEO Mitchell Elegbe, who was a Nigerian electrical engineering graduate before founding the firm in 2002. The company has since produced a run of product innovation and expansion, starting in Nigeria. Interswitch created the first electronic switch whereby Nigerian financial institutions could communicate and operate ATMs and point of sales operations. The company now provides much of the rails for Nigeria’s online banking system.

Interswitch has since moved into high-volume personal and business finance, with its Verve payment cards and Quickteller payment app. The fintech firm (now well beyond startup phase) has also shaped a Pan-African and global reach — selling its products in 23 African countries with a physical presence in Uganda, Gambia and Kenya . In August 2019, Interswitch launched a partnership that allows its Verve cardholders to make payments on Discover’s global network.

Image Credits: Interswitch

Interswitch also launched a venture arm in 2015 called its global ePayment Growth Fund. Another milestone came in November 2019 when Interswitch achieved a $1 billion unicorn valuation after Visa took a reported $200 million minority stake in the company. Other Interswitch backers include IFC and Helios Investment Partners.

The company’s Nigerian origins and operations have become more significant as Nigeria is now Africa’s most populous nation and largest economy. The West African country has become the continent’s unofficial tech hub and fintech capital. Nigerian startups now raise the majority of Africa’s annual VC haul, according to a study by Partech.

Heading into 2020, the momentum was there and the pieces were falling in place for Interswitch to mark that next big achievement — an IPO. Where that listing stands for the firm, particularly in the wake of the Covid-19 crisis, is one of many topics TechCrunch is excited to discuss with CEO Mitchell Elegbe at Disrupt 2020.

The event runs from September 14 through September 18 and (as mentioned) is 100% virtual this year, making it possible for anyone from London to Lagos to sign in. Get your front row seat to see Mitchell Elegbe live with a Disrupt Digital Pro Pass or a Digital Startup Alley Exhibitor Package. We’re excited to see you there.

Nigeria’s Interswitch confirms $1B valuation after Visa investment

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[asegbolu]

Yorùbá. Ìdánwò ipele kinni odun 2017/2018

ISLAND BUILDERS BAPTIST SCHOOL (NURSERY & PRIMARY) 1A, MOBOLAJI BANK-ANTHONY STREET, LAGOS. FIRST TERM EXAMINATION 2017/2018 CLASS: PRIMARY 1 SUBJECT: YORUBA LANGUAGE NAME:... DI AWON ALAFO WONYII PELU LETA TI OYE A ________ O ________ Ę ________ G _________ I _________ J ________ L ________ N _________ Ǫ ________ R ________ Ș ________ U _________ Y DI AWON ALAFO WONYII Melo ni iro faweli airanmupe ede Yoruba (a) merin (b) meje Melo ni iro faweli aranmupe ede Yoruba (a) marun-un (b) meta Melo ni konsonanti ede Yoruba (a) mejilogun (b) mejidinlogun Melo nil eta ede Yoruba lapapo (a) marundinlogbon (b) marun dinlogoji Leta ede yoruba pin si ona ______________ (a) marun-un (b) meji DI AWON ORO WONYII PELU LETA TI OYE O ______ u (J , P) Ǫ ______Ǫ (Ș , K) Ǫ ______Ǫ (W , L) O ______ O (T , D) E W______ (E , M) ISLAND BUILDERS BAPTIST SCHOOL (NURSERY & PRIMARY) 1A, MOBOLAJI BANK-ANTHONY STREET, LAGOS. FIRST TERM EXAMINATION 2017/2018 CLASS: PRIMARY 2 SUBJECT: YORUBA LANGUAGE NAME:... APA KINNI 1.) _________ nse baba Aina (a) arun (b) aisan 2.) ____________ wa kii. (a) Bola (b) Aina 3.) Aina _________________ re (a) toju (b) pariwo 4.) _____________ baba Aina nya diedie (a) ese (b) ara 5.) Wa ____________________ sa awon aso re si ita (a) Ade (b) Wale APA KEJI Ile-eko mi dara, talo nnso ro yii? (a) Tunde (b) Alaba Bee ni, sugbon ko dara to ile-eko ti wa, talo nsoro yii? (a) Alaba (b) Tunde Wo o bi ododo se po yi kilaasi mi ka, talo nsoro yii? (a) Tunde (b) Alaba __________ ti o le wa po ni ile-eko temi ju tire lo (a) ewe (b) igi Wo maluu ti baba mi ra, talo nsoro yii? (a) Alaba (b) Tunde APA KETA Fo ______________ re bi o baji (a) eyin (b) ese Gba __________________ re pelu (a) inu (b) ayika Ge _______________ re lasiko to ye (a) oju (b) irun Ge ______________ re to gun sobo lo (a) eekanna (b) imu ____________ buburu jinna si o tefe (a) obun (b) kaisan ISLAND BUILDERS BAPTIST SCHOOL (NURSERY & PRIMARY) 1A, MOBOLAJI BANK-ANTHONY STREET, LAGOS. FIRST TERM EXAMINATION 2017/2018 CLASS: PRIMARY 3 SUBJECT: YORUBA LANGUAGE NAME:... APA KINNI E dake je je je Omo ile-eko, e gbohun enuu mi E je nkorin ara si yin leti Bee room ile-eko Ti nsojika Ti nwarun-un ki To nsori kunkun Arofo yii nba omo ______________________ wi ____________________ to gbo baa wi ni deni ___________________ leyin ola Omo to gbo ____________________ nii fi ___________________ sese rin Eko ndi _______________________ fomo to gbo ibawi Eyin ____________________ e gboro ___________________ yewo APA KEJI Adan dori kodo O nwose eye E je ka ronu wo Ka mo baye tin lo ____________________ dori kodo (a) Owiwi (b) Adan O nwose ___________________ (a) Eye (b) Eran E toju awon __________________ (a) ara (b) obi Eyin ______________________ gbogbo (a) omode (b) agba Baba _____________________ olowo (a) kole (b) rook APA KETA Ojoojumo ni ______________ nfo eyin re (a) kola (b) Ade Nitori _____________________ ara (a) kokoro (b) eeri Ade kii rinrin _________________ (a) jaujau (b) idoti ________________ ara a maa faisan (a) Eeri (b) Kokoro Yera funwa ________________ patapata (a) Ika (b) Obun ISLAND BUILDERS BAPTIST SCHOOL (NURSERY & PRIMARY) 1A, MOBOLAJI BANK-ANTHONY STREET, LAGOS. FIRST TERM EXAMINATION 2017/2018 CLASS: PRIMARY 4 SUBJECT: YORUBA LANGUAGE NAME:... APA KINNI ______________ ni oruko oja ilu pokii (a) ikilo (b) oroorun (d) ayelu Ohun ti ose akoba fun pokii nip e _____________ (a) o ni ore pupo (b) o nra epa je (d) o nlo oja ayelu Eni ti o bu Pokii pe Lanboroki, oju re jaa na ni __________ (a) ore Pokii kan (b) Ara dugbo Pokii kan (d) Omo ilu ikilo _______________ ni eni ti won fa omo ti o jale gan an fun lati da seria fun-un (a) olopa (b) ara oja ayelu (d) ore pokii Kini oruko Aladugbo Pokii ti o mu un pada sile ___________ (a) Akanni (b) Alao IWE KIKA ADUNBI ATI IYA RE Omo meloo ni iya Adunbi bi? (a) omo meta (b) omo kan (d) omo meji Iru owo wo ni Awele n se (a) o nta isu (b) o nta ounje (d) o nta eja Ona wo ni Olorun fi pon Adubi le? (a) Adubi gbe odo oyinbo oniwaasu (b) Adubi ba iya re ta eja (d) Adubi lo yunifasiti Ibadan Kini o gbe Adubi de odo oyinbo oniwaasu (a) O fe kawesii (b) Ise omo odo (d) ko mo eniyan Kankan Kini ko le je ki Awele paaro aso bi awon elegbe re (a) Ko feran oge (b) Ere oja re kop o (d) Aso won ni ilu won APA KETA Awon onisango loni ilu _______ (a) ipese (b) bata Awon Babalawo loni ilu ______ (a) Agere (b) ipesi Awon ologun lo ni ilu _______ (a) igbin (b) agere Awon olobatala lo ni ilu _______ (a) Bembe (b) Igbin Awon oba at I ijoye lo ni ilu _______ (a) gbedu (b) gangan IWE KIKA: OJU-KO-KUPO Ohun ti o nfa ojukokoro ni ______ (a) aini-itelorun (b) ole (d) iwa ibaje Ohun ti o nbere ole ni ______________ (a) gbewiri (b) afowora (d) ainise Ohun ti o nbe okunfa afowora ni ____________ (a) ole (b) gbewiri (d) ojukokoro Ewo lo ye omo rere (a) Ole (b) Itelorun (d) afowora Kini igbeyin ole? (a) idariji (b) pipa (d) ijiya ISLAND BUILDERS BAPTIST SCHOOL (NURSERY & PRIMARY) 1A, MOBOLAJI BANK-ANTHONY STREET, LAGOS. FIRST TERM EXAMINATION 2017/2018 CLASS: PRIMARY 5 SUBJECT: YORUBA LANGUAGE NAME:... ERE AYO _____________ ni igi gboorogidi ti a gbe iho meji lasi (a) ile-ayo (b) opon ayo Omo ayo ______________ ni o nwa ni iho Kankan (a) merin (b) mejo Omo ayo ______________ ni o ngbeni oju opon ayo lapapo (a) mejile logbon (b) mejidin ladota Awon oluworan ayo ni a npe ni _____________ (a) Osefe ayo (b) onija ayo So meji ninu anfaani ti o wa ninu ere Ayo (a) ______________________________ (b) _______________________________ AKANLO EDE: Kini itumo awon akanlo ede yii Na owo si - ________________________________________________________ Fi aake kori - _______________________________________________________ Teri gbaso - ________________________________________________________ Ko eti ikun si - ______________________________________________________ Okan mi ku - _______________________________________________________ OWE: Pari owe wonyii: Agba kii nwa loja ___________________________________________________ Esi iwaju __________________________________________________________ Bami na omo mi ____________________________________________________ Eni jin si koto ______________________________________________________ Ile ti afi ito mo, _____________________________________________________ KINI ORUKO NOMBA YII NI EDE YORUBA 45 = ___________________________ (iv) 60 = ___________________________ 50 = ____________________________ (v) 25 = ____________________________ 70 = ____________________________ ISLAND BUILDERS BAPTIST SCHOOL (NURSERY & PRIMARY) 1A, MOBOLAJI BANK-ANTHONY STREET, LAGOS. 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2019 Africa Roundup: Jumia IPOs, China goes digital, Nigeria becomes fintech capital

2019 brought more global attention to Africa’s tech scene than perhaps any previous year.

A high-profile IPO, visits by both Jacks (Ma and Dorsey) and big Chinese startup investment energized that.

The last 12 months served as a grande finale to 10 years that saw triple-digit increases in startup formation and VC on the continent.

Here’s an overview of the 2019 market events that captured attention and capped off a decade of rapid growth in African tech.

IPOs

The story of the year is the April IPO on the NYSE of Pan-African e-commerce company Jumia. This was the first listing of a VC-backed tech company operating in Africa on a major global exchange —  which brought its own unpredictability.

Founded in 2012, Jumia pioneered much of its infrastructure to sell goods to consumers online in Africa.

With Nigeria as its base market, the Rocket Internet-backed company created accompanying delivery and payments services and went on to expand online verticals into 14 African countries (though it recently exited a few). Jumia now sells everything from mobile phones to diapers, and offers online services such as food-delivery and classifieds.

Seven years after its operational launch, Jumia’s stock debut kicked off with fanfare in 2019, only to be followed by volatility.

The online retailer gained investor confidence out of the gate, more than doubling its $14.95 opening share price post-IPO.

That lasted until May, when Jumia’s stock came under attack from short-seller Andrew Left, whose firm Citron Research issued a report accusing the company of fraud. The American activist investor’s case was bolstered, in part, by a debate that played out across Africa’s tech ecosystem on Jumia’s legitimacy as an African startup, given its (primarily) European senior management.

The entire affair was further complicated by Jumia’s second-quarter earnings call when the company disclosed a fraud perpetrated by some of its employees and sales agents. Jumia’s CEO Sacha Poignonnec emphasized the matter was closed, financially marginal and not the same as Andrew Left’s short-sell claims.

Whatever the balance, Jumia’s 2019 ups and downs cast a cloud over its stock with investors. Since the company’s third-quarter earnings-call, Jumia’s NYSE share-price has lingered at around $6 — less than half of its original $14.95 opening, and roughly 80% lower than its high.

Even with Jumia’s post-IPO rocky road, the continent’s leading e-commerce company still has a heap of capital and is on pace to generate more than $100 million in revenues in 2019 (albeit with big losses).

The company plans to reduce costs by generating more revenue from higher-margin internet services, such as payments and classifieds.

There’s a fairly simple equation for Jumia to rebuild shareholder confidence in 2020: avoid scandals and increase revenues over losses. And now that the company is publicly traded — with financial reporting requirements — there’ll be four earnings calls a year to evaluate Jumia’s progress.

Jumia may not be the continent’s standout IPO for much longer. Events in 2019 point to Interswitch becoming the second African digital company to list on a global exchange in 2020. The Nigerian fintech firm confirmed to TechCrunch in November it had reached a billion-dollar unicorn valuation, after a (reported) $200 million investment by Visa.

Founded in 2002 by Mitchell Elegbe, Interswitch created much of the initial infrastructure to digitize Nigeria’s (then) predominantly cash-based economy. Interswitch has been teasing a public listing since 2016, but delayed it for various reasons. With the company’s billion-dollar valuation in 2019, that pause is likely to end.

“An [Interswitch] IPO is still very much in the cards; likely sometime in the first half of 2020,” a source with knowledge of the situation told TechCrunch.

China-Africa goes digital

2019 was the year when Chinese actors pivoted to African tech. China is known for its strategic relationship with Africa, based (largely) on trade and infrastructure. Over the last 10 years, the country has been less engaged in the continent’s digital scene.

That was until a torrent of investment and partnerships this past year.

July saw Chinese-owned Opera raise $50 million in venture spending to support its growing West African digital commercial network, which includes browser, payments and ride-hail services.

In August, San Francisco and Lagos-based fintech startup Flutterwave partnered with Chinese e-commerce company Alibaba’s Alipay to offer digital payments between Africa and China.

In September, China’s Transsion — the largest smartphone seller in Africa — listed in an IPO on Shanghai’s new STAR Market. The company raised ≈ $394 million, some of which it is directing toward venture funding and operational expansion in Africa.

The last quarter of 2019 brought a November surprise from China in African tech. More than 15 Chinese investors placed over $240 million in three rounds. Transsion-backed consumer payments startup PalmPay raised a $40 million seed, stating its goal to become “Africa’s largest financial services platform.”

Chinese investors also backed Opera-owned OPay’s $120 million raise and East-African trucking logistics company Lori Systems’ (reported) $30 million Series B.

In the new year, TechCrunch will continue to cover the business arc of this surge in Chinese tech investment in Africa. There’ll surely be a number of fresh macro news points to develop, given the debate (and critique) of China’s engagement with Africa.

Nigeria and fintech

On debate, the case could be made that 2019 was the year when Nigeria become Africa’s unofficial capital for fintech investment and digital finance startups.

Kenya has held this title hereto, with the local success and global acclaim of its M-Pesa mobile-money product. But more founders and VCs are opting for Nigeria as the epicenter for digital finance growth on the continent.

A rough tally of 2019 TechCrunch coverage — including previously mentioned rounds — pegs fintech-related investment in the West African country at around $400 million over the last 12 months. That’s equivalent to roughly one-third of all startup VC raised for the entire continent in 2018, according to Partech stats.

From OPay to PalmPay to Visa — startups, big finance companies and investors are making Nigeria home-base for their digital finance operations and Africa expansion strategies.

The founder of early-stage payment startup ChipperCash, Ham Serunjogi, explained the imperative to operating there. “Nigeria is the largest economy and most populous country in Africa. Its fintech industry is one of the most advanced in Africa, up there with Kenya  and South Africa,” he told TechCrunch in May.

When all the 2019 VC numbers are counted, it will be worth matching up fintech stats for Nigeria to Kenya to see how the countries compared.

Acquisitions

Tech acquisitions continue to be somewhat rare in Africa, but there were several to note in 2019. Two of the continent’s powerhouse tech incubators joined forces in September, when Nigerian innovation center and seed-fund CcHub acquired Nairobi-based iHub, for an undisclosed amount.

The acquisition brought together Africa’s most powerful tech hubs by membership networks, volume of programs, startups incubated and global visibility. It also elevated the standing of CcHub’s Bosun Tijani across Africa’s tech ecosystem, as the CEO of the new joint entity, which also has a VC arm.

CcHub/iHub CEO Bosun Tijani

In other acquisition activity, French television company Canal+ acquired the ROK film studio from Nigerian VOD company IROKOtv for an undisclosed amount. The deal put ROK founder and producer Mary Njoku in charge of a new organization with larger scope and resources.

Many outside Africa aren’t aware that Nigeria’s Nollywood is the Hollywood of the continent, and one of the largest film industries in the world (by production volume). Canal+ told TechCrunch it looks to bring Mary and the Nollywood production ethos to produce content in French-speaking African countries.

Other notable 2019 African tech takeovers included Kenyan internet company BRCK’s acquisition of ISP Surf, Nigerian digital-lending startup OneFi’s Amplify buy and Merck KGaa’s purchase of Kenya-based online healthtech company ConnectMed.

Moto ride-hail mania

In 2019, Africa’s motorcycle ride-hail market — worth an estimated $4 billion — saw a flurry of investment and expansion by startups looking to scale on-demand taxi services. Uber and Bolt got into the motorcycle taxi business in Africa in 2018.

Ampersand in Rwanda

A number of local and foreign startups have continued to grow in key countries, such as Nigeria, Uganda and Kenya.

A battle for funding and market share emerged in Nigeria in 2019, between key moto ride-hail startups MAX.ng, Gokada and Opera-owned ORide.

The on-demand motorcycle market in Africa has attracted foreign investment and moved toward EV development. In May, MAX.ng raised a $7 million Series A round with participation from Yamaha and is using a portion to pilot renewable energy powered e-motorcycles in Africa.

In August, the government of Rwanda announced a national policy to phase out gas-motorcycle taxis altogether in favor of e-motos, in partnership with early-stage EV startup Ampersand.

New funds

The past year saw several new funding initiatives for Africa’s startups. Senegalese VC investor Marieme Diop spearheaded Dakar Network Angels, a seed-fund for startups in French-speaking Africa — or 24 of the continent’s 54 countries.

Africinvest teamed up with Cathay Innovation to announce the Cathay Africinvest Innovation Fund, a $100+ million capital pool aimed at Series A to C-stage startup investments in fintech, logistics, AI, ag tech and education tech.

Accion Venture Lab launched a $24 million fintech fund open to African startups.

And Naspers offered more details on who can pitch to its 1.4 billion rand (≈$100 million) Naspers Foundry fund, which made its first investment in online cleaning services company SweepSouth.

Closed up shop

Like any tech ecosystem, not every startup in Africa killed it or even continued to tread water in 2019. Two e-commerce companies — DealDey in Nigeria and Afrimarket in Ivory Coast — closed up digital shop.

Southern Africa’s Econet Media shut down its Kwese TV digital entertainment business in August.

And South Africa-based, Pan African-focused cryptocurrency payment startup Wala ceased operations in June. Founder Tricia Martinez named the continent’s poor infrastructure as one of the culprits to shutting down. A possible signal to the startup’s demise could have been its 2017 ICO, where Wala netted only 4% of its $30 million token offering.

Africa’s startups go global

2019 saw more startups expand to new markets abroad products and business models developed in Africa. In March, FlexClub — a South African venture that matches investors and drivers to cars for ride-hailing services — announced its expansion to Mexico in a partnership with Uber.

In May, Extra Crunch profiled three African-founded fintech startups — Flutterwave, Migo and ChipperCash — developing their business models strategically in Africa toward plans to expand globally.

By December, Migo (formerly branded Mines) had announced its expansion to Brazil on a $20 million Series B raise.

2020 and beyond

As we look to what could come in the new year and decade for African tech, it’s telling to look back. Ten years ago, there were a lot of “if” questions on whether the continent’s ecosystem could produce certain events: billion-dollar startup valuations, IPOs on major exchanges, global expansion, investment from the world’s top VCs.

All those questionable events of the past have become reality in African tech, even if some of them are still in low abundance.

There’s no crystal ball for any innovation ecosystem — not the least Africa’s — but there are several things I’ll be on the lookout for in 2020 and beyond.

In the near term I’ll start with what Twitter/Square CEO Jack Dorsey may do around Bitcoin and cryptocurrency on his return to Africa (lookout for an upcoming TechCrunch feature on this).

I’ll also follow the next-phase of e-commerce in Africa, which could pit Jumia more competitively against DHL’s Africa eShop, Opera and China’s Alibaba (which hasn’t yet entered Africa in full).

On a longer-term basis, a development to follow is how the continent’s first wave of millionaire and billionaire tech-founders could disrupt 21st century dynamics in Africa around politics, power and philanthropy —  hopefully for the better.

More notable 2019 Africa-related coverage @TechCrunch