#e171

[sleepimimzi-art-portfolio]

A lotta of Damians

[sleepimimzi]

Addisyn Rose and Elizabeth Watanabe

[experiment171comic]

Chapter 1 Pg 26

[Previous]

[luxflora]

I'm gonna keep it real with you guys, I still have no fucking clue what happened in season 14 of woe.begone. what was all that shit

Old Man and MW (or was it MDawg...?) both briefly died in the season finale

Mikey, Stinky, and everyone in Texas were dead for the whole season - presumably Lieutenant and Eagle killed Mikey and Stinky; the Texas posse was killed by... I'm pretty sure a Nobody iteration?

Actually I take it back, I'm going all the way back to the season 13 finale, I am so goddamn confused.

They were all blinking bc Nobody was... doing a continuity strike...?

I AM SO GODDAMN CONFUSED. I HAVE NO CLUE WHAT'S HAPPENING ANYMORE FACK

[kerink]

Hello I have no where else to scream this so have my breakdown /hj

Cecils mother covering all the mirrors in the house always struck me as her trying to protect him, or a way of consoling her own fears.

That was until I learned the fact that its a Jewish mourning custom to cover mirrors. Then suddenly, it clicked into place. She's in mourning. Her odd behaviours, lack of acknowledgment to him, the mirror covering... She may believe he's already dead.

Was this before or after cassettes? I don't actually know. But I've been going bonkers over it for the past 10 minutes.

YEAH YEAH YEAH

cecil being dead in some way and his mother being in mourning is such an important part of the podcast for me. the cecil she gave birth to is not the cecil living in her home

we know from e67 that cecil lived in night vale before the town was founded and that he's immortal to some capacity. we know that (because cecil was already an adult and the host of NVCR before the world ended in 1983 and huntokar fractured reality) his weirdness isn't connected to the timelines collapsing (unless we want to get into time travel, which i dont).

we know from e198 that cecil has a habit of climbing into the stumps of redwood trees and that something happens to him in there. something that i assume has to do with death and rebirth given the "go into the light" imagery. we know from e182 that cecil's mother used to go to the stump of a redwood tree and leave flowers. we can assume from the mirror covering that she's in mourning.

we know from e171 that cecil's mother was an oracle and left him a book she wanted him to study, but he's not able to read it any more. we know from e52 that cecil was 5 when the prophecies said he would be the voice on night vale. we know from e109 that god adores him.

for these reasons here's what i believe:

e132 is about the real cecil, the cecil who was born from his mother. i think another cecil, i think The Voice of Night Vale, emerged from that tree in a flash of light. i think cecil's mother, being an oracle, was told what happened and i think the grief drove her mad. i think she always neglected and ignored and tried to abandon the cecil she had because she knew that was not her son. the real cecil had been sacrificed to feed the community and provide wood to build the town and to learn and to grow and to be them, while god sent this new cecil to guide and comfort them on her behalf. she keeps the mirrors covered because she's in constant grief, never able to heal because the corpse of her son is wandering around her home. i think cecil sees something he's not supposed to in that mirror and her grief protects him.

in e171 cecil says the thing in the mirror Is it some kind of snake but with human skin?

almost like night vale's new snake god from e213 and 214

[wurcuburcu]

Gintama E171

[kennak]

[EU]RASFF 2023(0716-0729) 警報通知（Alert Notifications） イ��リア産CBDコスメティックオイルのテトラヒドロカンナビノール(THC)及びカンナビジオール(CBD)、イタリア産キビのアトロピン及びスコポラミン、ギリシャ産飼料用酸化マグネシウムの鉛、トルコ産レーズンのオクラトキシンA、イタリア産ドイツ経由有機米のカドミウム、スペイン産オランダ経由アーモンド/イチジクスライスのオクラトキシンA、香港産ナイロン製サービングスプーンからの一級芳香族アミンの溶出、オランダ産野菜チップスの高濃度のアクリルアミド、メキシコ産キャンディの着色料二酸化チタン(E171)の未承認使用、エジプト産ニンジンのフェナミホス(複数あり)、ハンガリー産イノシシのサラミの鉛高含有、ベルギー産ジャガイモのホスチアゼート、ベルギー産米ウエハースの多環芳香族炭化水素、オランダ産ヘンプハーブティーのテトラヒドロカンナビノール(THC)及びカンナビジオール(CBD)、スペイン産イチジクアーモンドブレッドのオクラトキシンA、ベルギー産ビールビネガーの亜硫酸塩非表示、コロンビア産魚油のMCPD、南アフリカ産有機グレープフルーツのグルホシネート(複数あり)、オランダ産フードサプリメントのテトラヒドロカンナビノール(THC)及び未承認新規食品成分カンナビジオール(CBD)、イラン産ピスタチオのアフラトキシン及びオクラトキシンA、スペイン産冷凍メカジキロインの水銀、スペイン産スイカのフロニカミド、イタリア産ステーキナイフの高濃度の総溶出量及びクロムとマンガンの溶出、 注意喚起情報（information for attention） オランダ産サバのヒスタミン、米国産ピーナッツのアフラトキシン(複数あり)、ポーランド産クオーターホースのカドミウム、エジプト産ニンジンのフェナミホス(複数あり)、タイ産遺伝子組換え生鮮パパイヤ、香港産遺伝子組換え飼料添加物キシラナーゼ、トルコ産フードサプリメントの未承認新規食品イカリソウ、エジプト産乾燥白豆の2-クロロエタノール、エジプト産パセリのアゾキシストロビン、メキシコ産ハチミツのエンフロキサシン及びトリメトプリム、ベトナム産米麺の未承認遺伝子組換え米、ガーナ産パイナップルのエテホン、イタリア産玄米のカドミウム、ベルギー産イチゴのカドミウム、カンボジア産ライチのキナルホス・アゾキシストロビン・ラムダシハロトリン・ヘキサコナゾール・イミダクロプリド及びピラクロストロビン、トルコ産茶の未承認物質シルデナフィル及びシブトラミン、トーゴ産スパイスミックスのオクラトキシンA、中国産レーズンのオクラトキシンA、南アフリカ産有機グレープフルーツのグルホシネート、中国産冷凍カリカリ魚フィレ製品の遺伝子組換えトウモロコシ非表示、スペイン産カリカリアーモンドのアフラトキシン、モーリタニア産スズキの水銀、エクアドル産スペインで包装されたチルド調理済シロアシエビ(バナメイエビ)の亜硫酸塩、インド産ベーカリー製品の未承認添加物(E110・E124・E211)、アルゼンチン産生ピーナッツのアフラトキシンB1及び総アフラトキシン、米国産殻をとったアーモンドの高濃度のアフラトキシン、セルビア産配合飼料のアフラトキシンB1、ベトナム産チェコ共和国経由米麺の未承認遺伝子組換え米、パキスタン産バスマティ米のアフラトキシンB1、ドイツ産フードサプリメントのクルクミノイド及びビタミンD高含有、ベトナム産冷凍バナメイエビのオキシテトラサイクリン、ブラジル産冷凍鶏肉のオキシテトラサイクリン、スロベニア産CBDスプレーのTHC高含有、ベネズエラ産スペイン経由チルド調理済エビの亜硫酸塩高含有、 通関拒否通知（Border Rejections） インド産スパイスのエチレンオキシド、パキスタン産塩漬け羊ケーシングサンプルのニトロフラン、中国産ポリアミド製キッチンツールの一級芳香族アミンの溶出、アラブ首長国連邦産英国経由レンズマメの未承認物質プロシミドン、ウクライナ産未精製ダイズ油のクロルピリホス、インド産ピーナッツバターのアフラトキシン、トルコ産生鮮レモンのクロルピリホス、トルコ産ピスタチオのアフラトキシン、マダガスカル産トルコから発送した黒目豆のクロルピリホスエチル、インド産ワサビノキ(モリンガ)のフィプロニル、ベトナム産トウガラシのクロルフェナピル・ヘキサコナゾール・プロクロラズ・プロピコナゾール及びトリシクラゾール、ベトナム産トウガラシのジメトエート・ジノテフラン・フルシラゾール・ヘキサコナゾール・オメトエート・ペルメトリン・フェントエート及びトリシクラゾール、エジプト産フェンネルシード(粉末)のクロルピリホス、インド産アルミニウム皿からのマンガンの溶出、米国産綿菓子の未承認着色料タートラジン(E102)・アルラレッドAC(E129)及びブリリアントブルーFCF(E133)、インド産ピーナッツカーネルのアフラトキシンB1、パキスタン産米のアフラトキシンB1、米国産ピーナッツのアフラトキシン、ケニア産トウガラシのチアクロプリド、トルコ産生鮮レモンのクロルピリホスメチル、米国産殻付きピスタチオのアフラトキシン、パキスタン産米のクロルピリホスエチル、中国産ピータンの銅、イラン産ピスタチオのアフラトキシン、トルコ産生鮮オレンジのプロクロラズ、中国産ポリアミド製ヘラの一級芳香族アミンの溶出、インド産赤レンズ豆のプロシミドン、米国産殻付きアーモンドのアフラトキシン、ロシア産ソバの実のハロキシホップ、

2023-07-31 - 食品安全情報blog2

[wonderwomemes]

You know what pisses me off? Most of the food additives (E-Numbers in Europe) that are under suspicion to cause allergic reactions and play a role in cancer and altzheimer development, are food coloring. Which is honestly so unneccessary! Why do my peas need to be even more green (E142)? Would you not eat your salmon if it wasn't bright orange (E110 and E124A)? What the fuck? At least if it's an additive that would make the food more stable (and ergo reduce food waste) i could say ok maybe a minimal risk is acceptable because the benefit is "worth" it. But the color?!

And then of course some people will immediately suspect something devious behind it and 5 minutes later they tell you about government conspiracy mind control programs because why else would they want to make toothpase more white (E171) if not to put 5G receptors in your blood or whatever. "Big pharma wants to make you sick to control you, you know?"

Meanwhile i'm here like bitch you don't want to buy a product if it doesn't have the exact color and texture you expect!

Ugh i don't know i'm just frustrated with yet another thing capitalism is doing to us without consequences.

[sleepimimzi-art-portfolio]

[sleepimimzi]

more Vincent!!!!

[experiment171comic]

Chapter 1 Pg 30

[Previous]

[sexy-lee-min-woo]

2020/2021 Junjin & Yiseo - Same Bed, Different Dreams 2 - list of episodes

ENG SUBs folder https://mega.nz/folder/idliTTgA#Zq-DizS1WsreJcCwLs2gGg

20200928 Same Bed, Different Dreams 2 E165 (subs in folder) https://drive.google.com/file/d/13RahoFFsnU2mPKR8r2yF3FLFnkGAQ4pq/view 20201005 Same Bed, Different Dreams 2 E166 (subs in folder) https://drive.google.com/file/d/11F6yMkN2IlEAInb4CE4LSC_zj4EgpSjP/view 20201012 Same Bed, Different Dreams 2 E167 (subs in folder) https://drive.google.com/file/d/1LUaEid65c6AgEV0cx-N8HnPnjOZi7l85/view 20201019 Same Bed, Different Dreams 2 E168 (subs in folder) https://drive.google.com/file/d/1YGQdjRHHAWvBOAEZr3lI-wTXTZntpfxC/view 20201102 Same Bed, Different Dreams 2 E169 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1iKPH00aFCOCCwzL-xGi-NnqrPmklAiR8/view ENG SUB video - https://mega.nz/file/aFlVlK6b#xk7Vmu0Ze4xU-tNFdXZphcg1yN-cUlZ5spHO83rJLf0 20201116 Same Bed, Different Dreams 2 E171 (subs in folder) https://drive.google.com/file/d/1dZxyyFtOUm-LxeXYgQHqTwfDG4pUPG4M/view 20201123 Same Bed, Different Dreams 2 E172 (subs in folder) https://drive.google.com/file/d/11D2u0yJ4k4cUAewOj_aIl8YYoST-tiuv/view 20201130 Same Bed, Different Dreams 2 E173 (subs in folder) https://drive.google.com/file/d/1a5UR5_9qyzMlgaKh7SmFZVOWJmI5743d/view 20201207 Same Bed, Different Dreams 2 E174 (subs in folder) https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XzvtGB-oceoBhPfjoYpmSryboNDjMH6L/view 20201221 Same Bed, Different Dreams 2 E176 https://drive.google.com/file/d/13QB2WDG2sY3ZWb2B46XLEZQpIHDtIccS/view ENG SUB video - https://mega.nz/file/OIFG0B7R#Pdpk4U5i_xj0e7JRg9pmBxYvZICV9WY7uAj5_RxQZ1s 20210104 Same Bed, Different Dreams 2 E178 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1eILuuQ9HrDQQFlsQ86eF7XBi3Ss06j9L/view ENG SUB video - https://mega.nz/file/nJNQADKK#trNdWr8ZOV_MHtRdawmbJFIpJ6xoCOMMOj_I4ywkhiU 20210125 Same Bed, Different Dreams 2 E181 (subs in folder) https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SKZh9vRwZKDOZfPI_teGTAqk4FQsbT4A/view 20210215 Same Bed, Different Dreams 2 E184 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XhQ6quJ8bTVdycE2bb5rHfpjxQIWQz1Z/view ENG SUB video - https://mega.nz/file/vMNAjRYR#eyAd2V_OPbeETNcRUpDqWZjVplkxbxKax9z6ItIeu2g 20210222 Same Bed, Different Dreams 2 E185 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1BGBZ24ZXcx0fuajmvdelduefnzYyVxHY/view ENG SUB video - https://mega.nz/file/bFtxVI4Q#4YoyfIEIMTS59Mg2tAFzRm1NjdmJXKKzQnDXRKAzfv8 20210322 Same Bed, Different Dreams 2 E189 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1HqN8NX8hCwu21iHY229iR6jiOhcvR9Ym/view ENG SUB video - https://mega.nz/file/6Ys0SArQ#YEtc7fDQOksI4fl_vCibJvFUaIoPS77IlvcDlXN2XSg 20210329 Same Bed, Different Dreams 2 E190 (with Andy) https://drive.google.com/file/d/1e3DizShtvGWlWkwAHYVW9rcDP9yIfDsu/view ENG SUB video - https://mega.nz/file/mIkzRASZ#_2SXt_T7ux5a9W4XUGUStrSyJL_uxCfMYS8KfPiL8s8 20210412 Same Bed, Different Dreams 2 E192 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1NzOOgRGXoaAGj1vscOTciB6Ca0iRIqRQ/view ENG SUB video - https://mega.nz/file/aMEAxZKa#yRvYb-mPdDoAsxwBM5w40E9cHa0OtHCuOBZQTCRJEDU 20210607 Same Bed, Different Dreams 2 E199 (subs in folder) https://drive.google.com/file/d/1_3UBxWFzp1zqjj2WAB38_qvDoq412ClT/view 20210809 Same Bed, Different Dreams 2 E207 https://drive.google.com/file/d/1SpJni0WYOzrb_ROFGR51kNauI8XXFSQw/view ENG SUB video - https://mega.nz/file/nN9mkIAR#-1aee7QVYBtvKN0XFBZV2LCNBXJIJ1Jg4V4lm5lVNNw

Videos: https://twitter.com/shinhwa_videos; subs: https://twitter.com/ShinhwaNderlust

[ipharmacyeg-blog]

أرتيز: دليل شامل لاستخدام دواء الحساسية

أرتيز: دليل شامل لاستخدام دواء الحساسية https://ift.tt/6ty2cX5 يُعد دواء أرتيز واحدًا من الأدوية الشائعة لعلاج الحساسية. يحتوي على المادة الفعالة ثنائي هيدروكلوريد السيتيريزين، وهي من مضادات الهيستامين التي تساعد في تخفيف أعراض الحساسية بشكل فعال. في هذا المقال، سنستعرض كل ما تحتاج معرفته حول هذا الدواء، من مكوناته، ودواعي استعماله، إلى الجرعات والآثار الجانبية المحتملة. ما هو دواء أرتيز؟ التركيب الكيميائي يحتوي كل قرص مغلف من أرتيز على: 10 ملجم من ثنائي هيدروكلوريد السيتيريزين. سواغات مثل: لاكتوز، سيليلوز، بوفيدون، ستيرات المغنيسيوم، ثاني أكسيد السيليكون، هيدروكسي بروبيل ميثيل سيليلوز، تالك، بولي إيثيلين جلايكول، E171. كيفية عمل الدواء يعمل السيتيريزين كمضاد للهيستامين H1، حيث يقلل من تأثيرات الهيستامين في الجسم. الهيستامين هو مادة يطلقها الجسم كجزء من استجابة الحساسية، وتسبب أعراض مثل الحكة، العطس، وسيلان الأنف. يتميز أرتيز بقدرته على تقليل هذه الأعراض بدون تأثيرات ملحوظة على الجهاز العصبي المركزي. دواعي استعمال أرتيز يُستخدم أرتيز في علاج الحالات التالية: التهاب الأنف التحسسي: سواء الفصلي (مثل حمى القش) أو السنوي. الحساسية الجلدية: مثل الشرى، والحكة الناتجة عن التفاعلات الجلدية. الجرعة وطريقة الاستعمال للبالغين والأطفال الأكبر من 12 سنة جرعة موصى بها: قرص واحد يوميًا. للأطفال من 1 إلى 12 سنة جرعة موصى بها: نصف قرص مرتين يوميًا أو قرص واحد مرة واحدة يوميًا. زيادة الجرعة في حالة تجاوز الجرعة الموصى بها: لدى البالغين: قد يسبب النعاس. لدى الأطفال: قد يحدث تهيج. يجب في هذه الحالة إجراء غسيل للمعدة وتقديم العناية الطبية اللازمة. الآثار الجانبية المحتملة على الرغم من أن أرتيز يُعتبر آمنًا للاستخدام العام، إلا أن بعض الآثار الجانبية الخفيفة قد تظهر، وتشمل: الصداع. الدوار. النعاس. جفاف الفم. زيادة الشهية. اضطرابات معدية معوية. موانع الاستعمال يجب تجنب استخدام أرتيز في الحالات التالية: فرط الحساسية لأي من مكونات الدواء. المرضعات: حيث تُفرز المادة الفعالة في حليب الأم. الأطفال أقل من 6 سنوات: لا يُستخدم الدواء لعلاج أمراض البرد والسعال في هذه الفئة العمرية. التفاعلات الدوائية تشير الدراسات إلى عدم وجود تفاعلات كبيرة بين أرتيز وبعض الأدوية مثل: ديازيبام. سيميتيدين. ولكن يُفضل دائمًا استشارة الطبيب قبل تناول أرتيز مع أدوية أخرى، خاصة مثبطات الجهاز العصبي المركزي. الاحتياطات والتحذيرات الحفاظ على الجرعة المناسبة: خاصة لدى المرضى الذين يعانون من خلل في وظائف الكلى. تجنب القيادة أو تشغيل الآلات بعد تناول الدواء إذا كنت تعاني من النعاس. عدم استخدام الدواء بعد انتهاء صلاحيته أو في حال ملاحظة أي علامات تلف عليه. الخاتمة يُعد أرتيز خيارًا فعالًا وآمنًا لتخفيف أعراض الحساسية المختلفة. مع ذلك، من الضروري الالتزام بتعليمات الطبيب أو الصيدلي عند استخدام هذا الدواء لتجنب أي مضاعفات. في حال ظهور أي أعراض غير مرغوب فيها، يُنصح بمراجعة الطبيب فورًا. إنتاج: شركة تبوك للصناعات الدوائية، المملكة العربية السعودية. via فارماتوبيا https://ift.tt/hHoWCdp October 26, 2024 at 10:00AM

[divya1234]

The Benefits and Applications of Food Grade Titanium Dioxide

Titanium dioxide (TiO₂), a white pigment known for its exceptional brightness and opacity, is a versatile compound used extensively in various industries. In the food sector, its primary role is as a food colorant, known as E171 in Europe. This article explores the benefits and diverse applications of food-grade titanium dioxide.

Benefits of Titanium Dioxide

Brightness and Whiteness: Titanium dioxide provides unparalleled brightness and whiteness to food products. This quality is especially valuable in enhancing the visual appeal of white foods like dairy products, candies, and baked goods.

Stability: It offers excellent stability under heat, light, and UV exposure, making it an ideal additive for foods that undergo various processing stages.

Safety: Decades of use have shown no verifiable link between titanium dioxide consumption and adverse health effects. It is deemed safe by multiple regulatory bodies, including the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).

Efficiency: Titanium dioxide is highly efficient, requiring lower quantities to achieve the desired coloration compared to alternative colorants. This efficiency translates into cost savings for manufacturers.

Applications in Food Industry

Confectionery and Bakery: Titanium dioxide is widely used to brighten candies, frosting, and powdered sugar on donuts. Its ability to maintain color under varying conditions ensures the products remain visually appealing throughout their shelf life.

Dairy Products: In dairy products like cheese and yogurt, titanium dioxide enhances the whiteness, making these products more attractive to consumers.

Non-Dairy Creamers: It provides the creamy, white appearance that consumers expect in non-dairy creamers, ensuring product consistency.

Pharmaceuticals: Beyond food, titanium dioxide plays a critical role in the pharmaceutical industry, particularly in tablet coatings, providing color coding for easy identification and protection from UV degradation.

Titanium dioxide's unique properties make it an indispensable additive in the food industry. Its brightness, stability, and safety have been validated over decades of use, making it a reliable choice for enhancing the visual appeal of various food products.

For more information visit us:

[inkintheinternet]

Science and Society in the New World

By Arjuwan Lakkdawala

Ink in the Internet

I'm tirelessly fascinated by science and the world we live in. I have been observing the changes happening. As I have noted in my previous article a New World has sprung around us, with swiftly progressing science and a changing society due to the influence of social media for better or worse (depends on your perspective.)

We have the positive aspect of this new evolving world and the negative one. I will focus first on the negatives in this article since they are concerning.

For example obesity has increased with 1 in 8 people in the world living with obesity in 2022 according to the World Health Organization 2024 study, with confirming reports about world wide increase in the International Journal of Obesity - 2024.

And cancer is striking young adults, mostly women and people in their 30s that has "doctors alarmed and baffled." - Wall Street Journal.

Studies found the increase to be of 14 types of cancer. "Many of which affect the digestive system." - CNN Health.

There could be a link between these two rising phenomena and a particular change in society that came about forcefully in 2020 ‐ that is the Covid19 lockdown, because of which not only did many people not get enough exercise, but had moved to eating conveniently from takeaways. A habit that maybe didn't go away after the lockdown.

In our present day, food delivery apps offer any food we could think of in less than an hour, delivered straight to our doorstep. This includes many sugary foods and drinks. If I was to make a magical comparison, think of our mobile phones like magic wands...wave it and the food you want magically appears within an hour, you don't have to cook or make a trip just wish for your meal.

How many young adults do you think would thoughtfully order their food based on health criteria rather than whatever looks the most delicious on the app advertisement. In addition to the ease with which any food is available, the fact that there is so much variety means you never get bored and so are likely to eat a large amount in every meal.

Food you haven't cooked means you don't know the ingredients, especially most takeaway foods unlike packaged foods don't have label of ingredients.

The question of ingredients is most concerning in any food.

The average person is rarely familiar with the side effects or potentially harmful ingredients, some people don't have any awareness at all about preservatives, food colouring, artificial flavours, or additives. At best they check the expiration date of canned goods.

For example the food colouring Titanium dioxide (E171 on labels) was banned in France in 2020 followed by the European Union in 2022. It is a mineral that naturally occurs and has many crystallised forms. It is used as a white pigment in foods and other non-edible products. Studies have linked it to genotoxicity and cytotoxicity.

Genotoxicity is where it can cause DNA damage which can cause cancer, and cytotoxicity means a substance that is harmful to cells. The intensive analysis of Titanium dioxide particularly came into focus when science progressed enough to study nanoparticles. Titanium dioxide produces nanoparticles that can enter the bloodstream.

To get a clear picture nanoparticles are 1 to 100 nanometers, a human hair is 80,000 nanometers in width.

Titanium dioxide though banned in Europe and Saudi Arabia, is still used in food products in America and Canada (2023 June report).

I did not find 2024 report regarding this issue.

The reason why different countries have different health regulations is that researchers have varying criteria of what makes a product toxic for human consumption, when it comes to substances that won't immediately kill you like straight out poisons.

How many consumers would have awareness about possible ingredients like these in their takeaway meal or dessert. The answer is probably a very small percentage, especially among adolescents and young adults.

Titanium dioxide could be in your white chocolate mocha coffee or velvet cake white chocolate icing, if it is not banned in your country.

When it comes to food the subject is very large, which is impossible to be summarised in one article. But I came upon some interesting facts and history about chocolate. I found it interesting as I get to explore the Mesoamerican civilization of the Aztecs (present day Mexico) and study if we can learn somethings from it.

Cocoa beans were said to be first used as food by the Olmecs, a tribe in the region of Mesoamerica, then by other pre-Columbian civilizations basically in the same region. The tribes include the Aztecs, Mayans, Inca (Peru) etc.

The Olmecs didn’t have written records but pots found in archealogical sites have traces of cocoa substance.

The Aztecs called cocoa Xocolatl and it was considered more valuable than gold, and even used as currency, throughout these civilizations chocolate was consumed as a bitter drink, and maybe spiced with chilli, which was a common crop in the region.

No one knows the exact origin of these tribes but possible they were nomadic hunter-gatherers who started to build settlements.

It ended very badly for the Aztecs when the Spanish conquistador Hernàn Cortès arrived in Mesoamerica and had trained about 400 soldiers and marched into Tenochtitlan, the capital city of the Aztec empire.

The leader Montezuma unaware of the intentions of the Spaniard greeted him and his men as honored guests (talk about a Trojan Horse) but was captured and many Aztecs slaughtered by the invaders. European diseases like small pox had also reached the Aztecs and due to no immunity they died in heaps. The report I read does not state whether small pox was intentionally used as a biological weapon. But over a course of some years the Aztecs had been conquered by the Spaniards. Though the Aztecs outnumbered the invaders, their weapons and perhaps their knowledge was much infurior, giving the invaders an edge over them.

Soon after the Inca (modern day Peru) were also conquered, and it was roads that they had made that helped facilitate the attack on them.

All of these pre-Columbian civilizations had human sacrifice rituals and chocolate drinks could have been part of the ceremony.

Dark chocolate has proven to prevent the start and progress of cancer. Flavanoids in cocoa beans have cancer fighting properties. It is not a substitute for professional medical treatment, but can be part of a healthy diet. Dark chocolate is defined as 60 to 70 percent cocoa.

Copyright ©️ Arjuwan Lakkdawala 2024

Arjuwan Lakkdawala is an author and independent science researcher.

X/Instagram: Spellrainia

Email: arjuwan.writer@gmail.com

Sources:

Oncology Nursing News, chocolate: to eat or not to eat? Karen Harris

History, Aztecs, history . com editors

History of chocolate, history . com editors

National post, approved for use in Canada, advocates are urging us to ban this common food additive, Sam riches

National Geogrphic, who were the msya? Decoding the ancient civilization's secrets, Erin blakemore

Britannica, titanium dioxide, chemical compound, debasmita patra, fact-checked by the editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

Cnn health, Cancer diagnosis rates are gong up in younger adults, study finds, driven largely by rises in women and people in their 30s, Brenda goodman

Wall Street Journal, Cancer is striking more young people, and doctors are alarmed and baffled, brianna abbott

International Journal of Obesity, obesogens: a unifying theory for the global rise in obesity, jerryold j. Heindel, Robert h. lustig, Barbara e. Corkey

Regask, titanium dioxide banned as a food additive in Ksa, Yemen, and Qatar

U.s. right to know, titanium dioxide, banned in Europe, is one of the most common food additive in u.s., mikaela conley

[evoldir]

Fwd: Graduate position: CentreAlgatech_Czechia.CellEvolution

Begin forwarded message: > From: evoldir@evol.biology.mcmaster.ca > Subject: Graduate position: CentreAlgatech_Czechia.CellEvolution > Date: 22 December 2023 at 05:16:53 GMT > To: rdmpage@gmail.com > > > > PhD studentship in Evolution of hormonal metabolism in Tetrahymena > > We are seeking a candidate with a background in molecular biology or > genetics for a Ph.D. studentship to study the biogenesis and reception > of animal-like hormones in the single-celled model Tetrahymena > thermophila. You will aim to identify enzymes and membrane receptors > involved in insulin, serotonin, melatonin and dopamine metabolism and > test their endogenous and exogenous effects on Tetrahymena physiology > and behaviour. You will become proficient in methods of cell culture and > visualization, gene editing and knockout, protein purification and > interactions, omics data analysis, biochemistry and immunocytochemistry. > Your results will have broad implications on hormone function in > microbes and the origin of the animal endocrine system. The degree will > be conferred by the University of South Bohemia. > > We seek candidates with: > * a Master's degree in molecular biology or related field > * independent thinking, motivation and strong communication skills. > * a record of independent contribution to research ideally publications >  in peer-reviewed journals. > * experience with cloning, cell transformation, nucleic acid analysis, >  protein analysis, biochemistry and/or Tetrahymena genetics is an >  advantage. > > We offer: > * individual mentorship > * 3-month stay abroad and collaboration with European and UK >  universities. > * opportunities to present data at regional and/or international >  meetings. > * a 4-year Ph.D. stipend including health and dental insurance coverage >  by the employer. > > Algal Evolution and Ecology group at Centre Algatech (alga.cz), Institute > of Microbiology Trebon (Czech Republic) is led by Jan Janouskovec and > Eva Horakova. We study evolution, ecology, and molecular biology of > protists (PNAS 114:E171-E180; Curr Biol 27(23), eLife 8:e49662; Nat Commun > 13:7075). Centre Algatech hosts several internationally recognized groups > in microbiology research with a high proportion of foreign researchers, > friendly atmosphere and English as a working language. We have had strong > national and international funding and have outstanding facilities for > molecular biology and biochemistry research. > > Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics was established in 2016 at > the University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice. Research activities > are focused on functional analysis of genes using various model > organisms. Ph.D. students are trained in modern molecular genetics, > including mutagenesis, transgenesis, and cell culture techniques. The > department is closely associated with the Czech Academy of Sciences and > offers a Ph.D. programme in Integrative Biology. > > To apply: > Please send a single PDF document in English containing the following > information to Eva Horakova (horakova@alga.cz) by 2nd January 2024. The > interviews will take place on the 11th and 12th of January and the > preferred start date is July 2024. > * Motivation letter detailing your fit for the position (max.1 page) > * Curriculum vitae with a complete list of peer-reviewed publications >  (max.2 pages) > * Contact information for 2 academic referees (please do not include >  letters with the application) > > > janouskovec@alga.cz > > (to subscribe/unsubscribe the EvolDir send mail to > golding@mcmaster.ca