#dr x rtc

[joneleslament]

I'm quite bored so I'm gonna explain my Danganronpa x Ride the Cyclone AU(They're not exactly tight-casted to the characters, The most they take from the character's directly is their songs)

The Amazing Karnak - Monodam

Out of everyone among the Monokubs and Monokuma, Monodam seems like he'd be the only one who'd be willing to give them a chance to compete for another chance at life

No hate to anyone who casted Monokuma as Karnak, But Monokuma would never give these kids the chance

Virgil the Rat - Monokid

Monokid plays guitar and has a distaste for Monodam, Therefore, Motive to just kill him for kicks. Need I say more?

Ocean Rosenberg - Rantaro Amami

You need to hear me out. People always cast Miu or Angie as Ocean when frankly, Rantaro would match with the motive. He hardly knows any of the other contestants(Since he died first and didn't really get to know anyone) and his whole motivation for "What the World Needs" in the first place, Would be his sisters because of his determination and debt feeling that drives him to want to find them

Noel Gruber - Korekiyo Shinguji

Not motivated by his sister thing. "Noel's Lament" would more be motivated by like a want to live a life without her, And using the symbolism of the French Hooker

Idk he was a last resort since I had nobody else who fit

Mischa Bachinski - Angie Yonaga

Your gonna look at me and tell me that it isn't perfect? I doubt I need to explain.

Natalia Bolinski - Tsumugi Shirogane

"Talia" was cut from this considering every character would be there even if they weren't competing(They participate in the unanimous vote and serve as ensemble) but it deserved an honorary mention

Richard (Ricky) Potts - Kokichi Ouma

I've seen people make Shuichi or Kiibo Ricky which really doesn't make sense to me. Kokichi definitely would be more Seattle "Space Age Bachelor Man" than the cast recording version, Saving earth feels more his speed instead of becoming a superhero sex god on a cat planet. Also he wouldn't take it too seriously because he highly doubts anyone will vote for him anyway, So why not go out with a bang?

Jane Doe - Maki Harukawa

I always see people make Tsumugi Jane, When it makes more sense to make a survivor Jane considering the fact she comes back to life. And since in the context of the killing game, Everyone would know anyone else died, But using a survivor would give mystery of not knowing what the fuck happened(Cause you can't exactly make anyone a Jane or John Doe in this context so their motive could be more the mystery of not knowing anything about how you died)

Constance Blackwood - Miu Iruma

Constance's whole shtick is being outcasted and only really known for like one thing and growing sour for that. THAT'S MIU'S WHOLE THING BASICALLY. The whole cast really only uses her for her inventor talent then shuns and ignores her after she finishes something for them, Miu would definitely grow annoyed of that

For how or why she accepted everything about her life is actually undecided but it could probably be because she lost it all and realized how great it was after death like Constance did but idk

So, Yeah, Here

[hymn2000]

Chiquitita - MCU AU fanfic - C15

Story summary: Something strange is happening. Someone from space has made their way to Earth, armed with a strange weapon. Targeting teenagers, their ray gun, when fired, turns the victim into a toddler. The Avengers set out to stop this, and find a way to reverse the effects. However, they don’t all come out of the battle unscathed.

Previous chapters: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Part of my Frostiron and Spiderson series.

Warnings/themes: de-aging, family stuff, corporal punishment (early chapters only), mental health stuff, hurt/comfort, hospital/medical stuff

Chapter 15 - How I Hate To See You Like This

-

Loki’s eyes opened. Everything looked and sounded blurry and fuzzy. He looked at the person above him.

“...Hi...”

“Hi. My name’s Darren; I’m a first aider. I’m just keeping your head still in case you’ve hurt your spine. The ambulance is on it’s way. Do you remember what happened?”

Loki blinked a bit, confused. He didn’t say anything.

“Have you got any pain anywhere?”

“...I’m not sure”

“Ok. Just try not to move”

“...How’s my helmet?”

“Well, it took most of the impact” Darren said, glancing at it where it lay, cast aside. “I think you’ll need a new one. But at least it wasn’t your head that cracked”

Loki laughed slightly. “Well, there is that...”

They were interrupted by sirens, and although he couldn’t see it, Loki heard one of the ambulances park close by. He heard the doors open and close, and he heard the voices.

“Paramedics! How are we doing over here?” one said.

“He’s woken up” Darren said. “I was a bit more concerned with holding c-spine to do a proper primary survey”

“Ok, don’t- Loki?!”

Loki looked up at the paramedics.

“It’s good to see you again, Simon”

“Not under these circumstances” Simon said, kneeling down beside him. “Are you gonna be a pain, or are you gonna let me and Liv take a look at you?”

“Oh please, feel free”

“You’re remarkably talkative for someone who’s just been in an RTC” Darren noted.

Loki looked at him for a moment. “The car...”

“We’ll riddle that bit out later” Liv said. “Si, do you want to sort a survey?”

“My bike...”

“Uhhh” Simon looked at the motorbike, wincing. “Maybe think about yourself for a bit, mate”

Loki went quiet for a little bit, thinking about his body, trying to work out where he was bleeding. He was definitely bleeding; there was no two ways about that. He just hadn’t worked out his injuries properly yet. Nothing felt real. He kept trying to focus on the road underneath him, but it still felt more like sand.

Darren was happy to continue with c-spine, so the paramedics were able to work on other aspects of the emergency.

“Alright mate, time for the horrible bit” Si said. “I’m gonna check you over, starting at your head. Make sure you tell me if anything hurts: don’t play martyr”

“Mm...”

“Have you got anything in your pockets?”

“Phone, wallet... keys are on the bike”

“We’ll grab them. Ok..”

As soon as Si put his hands on him, Loki realised this may be a lot more serious that he first thought. His head hurt. His forehead was definitely one source of bleeding; that was clear now. He saw his reflection in Si’s glasses.

“I don’t suppose you’ve got any slap in your bag, have you, Liv? Darren didn’t say how much of a mess they’d made of my face”

“Loki, shut up” Liv said, albeit gently. “Let Si check you over”

Si checked Loki’s neck, and as he reached the base of the back of it, Loki suddenly cried out and grabbed at his arm.

“Alright mate, alright” Si looked at Liv. “We’re definitely gonna need a collar”

“Noted”

Si touched Loki’s hand gently, subtly checking his fingers and wrist as he did so.

“You’re gonna tear my jacket right off my arm if you’re not careful” he said gently. “Let me check the rest of you”

Loki reluctantly let his arm fall back to his side. Everything seemed to get worse from there. It was as though everything hurt - but some places more than others. His chest was horribly painful. Broken ribs, he guessed. But that wasn’t the main worry: the pain in his back was. It was all he could do not to scream as Si prodded at him.

“Fuck! Oh bloody hell, that really hurts... Fuck. Good god..” he put his hand over Darren’s on the side of his head, sucking his breath and trying to breathe evenly. “I’m overreacting, aren’t I? You’re allowed to tell me if I am”

“We’re gonna stick you on a board” Liv said.

“We’re gonna have to cut your leathers off, you know that, right? Definitely the jacket” Si said.

“Don’t you bloody dare” Loki said, blinking hard in an attempt to stop the tears leaking from his eyes. “It’s vintage. Tony’ll go mad”

“I don’t think it’s the jacket he’s gonna be worried about” Si sighed. “Do you want us to call him?”

“No. I want to know what I’m dealing with before we get him involved”

Liv and Si exchanged a look.

“Well, if you’re sure. We won’t call him”

-

Collared and boarded and on the back of the ambulance, Liv asked again if he wanted them to call Tony. The answer was the same.

Darren had been excused so it was now down to three, and Loki was finding it increasingly difficult to keep his eyes open. His head hurt. His back and ribs really hurt. He was sick of the taste of blood in his mouth too.

“I’m just gonna stick a needle in your hand. Let’s get you some pain relief”

“No”

“Loki-”

“I said no”

Liv sighed silently. “Alright, but let me know if you change your mind. Si, are you driving?”

“Yep. I’ll ring ahead. Hit my window when you’re ready”

He closed up the back behind him and went round to the drivers side. Liv took Loki’s hand.

“How does it feel being on the other side of the table?”

Loki laughed slightly, but more tears welled in his eyes. He tried not to look at her.

“Are you tired? Or is it the light?”

Loki whined vaguely.

“Do you mind if I check your eyes again?”

Loki didn’t push her away when she did. He looked at her afterwards.

“How are they looking?”

“Pupils still equal and reactive, you’ll be glad to hear” she tapped him on the nose with the pen torch. “We’ll get you sorted. Obviously they don’t call you the god of mischief for nothing”

She stood up and banged Si’s window.

“Let’s get you in”

-

The pain of being in a moving vehicle was too much. Loki lasted about five minutes before he was forced to admit defeat.

“I’ve changed my mind” he gasped.

Liv signalled to Si, and he found a place to stop.

“You’re a stubborn git, and it’s not always a good thing” Liv said, readying the needle. “I know you hate this, but please don’t take it out on me”

Loki was in so much pain that he didn’t think a needle in the back of his hand was going to have much of an impact. He was wrong, and he swore a little bit, but he didn’t take it out on Liv.

“Are you ok?”

“Yes, I’m ok”

“Good. 10mg morphine, going in” she smiled at him. “That’s what the needle’s good for”

-

Loki did enough interdepartmental work to know a lot of the A&E and radiology staff, and the friendly faces helped. He could hardly speak. He felt so sick and dizzy and sore and strange. He did his best to let everyone do their jobs, but it wasn’t easy. He fought to stay awake. Just for a little bit. Just until the results were back.

It felt like hours, but he needed to know what was wrong with him. He needed to know the outcomes, the damage, the recovery period. He needed to know it all before he told Tony. He didn’t want Tony hunched up on a waiting room chair waiting for scraps of news. He needed the full facts as soon as he arrived at the hospital. So Loki waited.

“Hello again” Dr Bernie said, coming to Loki’s side. “Sorry for the wait, but with you being so adamant, we had to wait for all the results. So we’ve got your x-rays, and your CT scan-”

“Is my back broken?”

“I’ll tell you if you stop interrupting” Dr Bernie raised an eyebrow, smiling slightly. “No. Your back and neck aren’t broken. Your ribs are, though... We’re going to get you off the collar and board, and we’re going to move you to a side room. We need to go through all your results somewhere a bit more private”

-

Loki grabbed the sleeve of the person closest to the bed. It was a nurse, but not one he knew. She looked at him. He pulled his oxygen mask off.

“Call my husband”

-

Tony was knelt on the living room rug, holding little Peter’s hands captive above his head and tickling his tummy mercilessly. Little Peter was shrieking and laughing and kicking, enjoying the attention. Tony’s phone started ringing.

“Hold on a minute, kiddo” Tony let go of Peter and grabbed his phone. “Hello?”

“Hello, is that Mr Stark?”

“Speaking. Who is this?” Tony asked, standing up, leaving the toddler in a giggly heap on the floor.

“Hello Mr Stark. I’m ringing from A&E”

“Ah, is that where Loki got to, then? He didn’t say anything before he left the house”

“I’m afraid Loki’s been in a road traffic accident”

“Daddy?”

Tony put a hand up to stop Peter and walked out of the room, listening to the lady on the other end of the phone. An overwhelming feeling of nausea had welled in his throat. He could feel his pulse all over his body, so strong it felt like the whole room was pulsating. This couldn’t be happening. Not to Loki. Not now.

-

Tony put his phone back in his pocket and grabbed his keys, shoving his feet into the closest pair of shoes. He needed to get the the hospital as quickly as possible. It wasn’t until he was halfway down the steps to the garage that he remembered Peter. He couldn’t very well leave a toddler at home alone. He couldn’t delay going to the hospital either. He’d just have to come with him. Tony took a deep breath, trying to compose himself, and returned to the living room. Peter grinned up at him.

“Hi daddy!”

Tony knelt down in front of him, putting his hands on the little boys shoulders.

“Peter, darling, I need you to listen to me” Tony said, his voice shaking. “Daddy... Daddy’s had an accident. So we need to go down to the hospital and see him”

“Oh...”

“Now, Peter, sweetheart. Hospitals are... well, they’re where people go to get better. They can be quite scary, and it’s ok if you get scared. But they’re also places where you’ve gotta be really well behaved and quiet. I wouldn’t take you with me but we really need to get there fast, and I haven’t got time to get anyone to look after you. Do you understand?”

“I- um... Is daddy ok?”

“We’ll see. Sweetheart, go and get your shoes. Ok?”

Peter nodded, and ran off obediently when Tony let go of him. Tony looked down at his shaking hands. Part of him was saying he shouldn’t try to drive, not when he was feeling so mixed up and frightened. But he needed to be at Loki’s side as soon as possible. He had to get a move on.

-

Despite the fear hanging over his head, Tony still had a fleeting thought; grateful that toddler Peter didn’t remember all the times teenage Peter had spent in this department. He held the toddler tight, using him as a type of comfort blanket. Peter clung to him. He could sense the urgency of the situation, and he didn’t like the hospital: it was busy and loud, and he was scared.

“I wanna go home!” the toddler whimpered.

“I know, darling, I know” Tony said gently. “We need to find daddy first”

 He was quickly recognised by a member of staff.

“Mr Stark?”

Tony turned round. “Nurse Dunn...”

“We’ve got Loki in a side room. If you’d like to come with me”

Tony followed, but then stopped a few steps from the door. He felt so unbelievably sick. He swallowed hard, hoping he wouldn’t have to make a dash for the nearest men’s room.

“Mr Stark?”

Tony swallowed harder still, and looked at her. “Do you think... Could you take him? I don’t want him in there just yet”

“Yes, of course” Nurse Dunn said gently, taking Peter from him. “Hey little one. Shh, don’t cry. Let’s go and find you a biscuit or something, ok?”

Tony gave Peter a little kiss on the cheek. “Be good”

He took a deep breath, and pushed open the door to the side room.

-

Loki looked so pale. He was lying so still, oxygen mask over his face, hands folded over his stomach. Medical monitors always seems such angry things, but they were evidence that he was alive, at least. Tony glanced at the nurse, but then fixed his gaze on his husband. He approached the bed, and hesitantly rested a hand on Loki’s shoulder.

“Loki?”

Loki's eyes opened. He looked up at Tony, a slight smile tugging at his lips behind the mask.

“...Hello, my darling”

“You idiot... You idiot! I knew this would happen!” Tony burst out, stepping back from the bed, eyes brimming with tears. “You bloody idiot! I told you right at the start! That fucking bike! I told you how many people have accidents on those stupid things! I told you I wasn’t sure, but you insisted you knew best. I never wanted you to get the flippin’ thing in the first place!”

Loki stayed quiet. He let Tony shout, and once he’d paused for breath, reached out his hand. Tony looked at him, and promptly started sobbing. He stepped closer and took Loki’s hand in both of his, holding it to his mouth.

“I could’ve lost you” he cried, kissing his knuckles. “You could’ve been killed!”

Loki reached up and pulled his oxygen mask down. “I’m still here”

“You’re a stubborn idiot” Tony looked at him. “You’re such an idiot! How could you do this?!”

“It wasn’t my fault”

“You were on that bloody bike!” Tony snapped. “You were driving it; of course it was your fault! You and your bloody need for speed mentality have caught up to you, that’s what this is!”

He took a very deep breath, and hugged him, awkwardly as he didn’t want to move him off the bed. He kept one hand on his shoulder, slipping the other under the back of his head. He pressed his cheek against Loki’s, still feeling sick from emotion and fear, and hollow from crying so hard.

“I’m alive” Loki said. “Where’s Peter?”

Tony sat up, looking at him. “Where are you hurt? What’s wrong with you? I want to know everything. Every injury, every condition, every scratch. Tell me what’s wrong with you”

Loki looked up at him. “Ask someone else”

“Don’t you play with me!” Tony snapped. “Don’t you dare!”

“Mr Stark, this isn’t the time” A voice sounded as a doctor came into the room.

Tony stood up and spun round. “What’s wrong with him?”

“Can I convince you to step out for a minute?” Dr Bernie said. “Maybe we could talk about it somewhere else, once you’ve taken a breather”

“No” Tony said. “I’m not leaving him. Just tell me the damage. I need to know”

“All things considered, he’s been very lucky” Dr Bernie said. “But he’s still going to need some recovery time”

“Just tell me” Tony said, knuckling his eyes and trying in vain to stop crying. “Just tell me. List it all, I don’t care. You don’t need to sugar-coat it”

“Ok” Dr Bernie looked at Loki for permission, and then reeled off: “Three broken ribs. Left ankle’s sprained. Multiple abrasions. Severe bruising to the left hip and thigh. Lots of minor to moderate bruising elsewhere. Multiple cuts. Moderate laceration to the forehead. Moderate whiplash. Ring finger on the right hand is broken. As I said; he’s been very lucky”

Tony stared for a minute, and then looked at Loki.

“See? It could have been far worse” Loki said, trying to be reassuring. He tried to lighten the mood. “I’m afraid I’ll need some new leathers though. And a new helmet. Oh, and the bike is totalled”

“You’re such an idiot” Tony said, knuckling his eyes. “Why can’t you just take anything seriously?! You could have died! What if it had been worse?! What if you hadn’t been wearing your leathers?! You fucking idiot!”

“Mr Stark, please”

“I’ve always told him that bike was a death trap! He-”

“It wasn’t my fault” Loki tried again.

“Of course it was!”

“Mr Stark, I don’t know what they told you on the phone” Dr Bernie said. “But Loki was hit by a drunk driver who ran a red light”

Tony was shocked to silence for a moment. He looked at Loki, his eyes filling with tears once more. He wasn’t sure if that was worse or not.

“Tony” Loki reached out, taking Tony’s hand. “It could have been worse”

���That’s the scary bit! They hit you... Where are they? They need to pay for what they’ve done to you!”

“Mr Stark, please” Dr Bernie said. “You can look into pressing charges later. Focus on your husband for now”

Tony looked at him. He closed his eyes for a moment, counting to ten. He opened his eyes, nodded, and carefully climbed onto the bed, lying down beside Loki. He put an arm round his chest and rested his forehead against Loki’s temple. The doctor tactfully left the room. Loki found Tony’s hand and held it.

“I’m not human” he said. “I won’t be laid up for weeks: I’ll be back to my usual self in a few days. A week at the most”

“I was so scared” Tony said. “When I got that phone call, I just... I felt so sick. I still feel sick”

“I’m sorry. I never meant for you to worry. That’s why I waited and didn’t let them call you until I was sorted”

“You should’ve called me down straight away”

“I’m sorry... I love you. I love you so much. The car just came out of nowhere. I didn’t even really comprehend... I think it ran a red light. They were drunk, that’s what everyone’s saying”

“...I’m sorry. I shouldn’t’ve shouted at you, or called you an idiot. I was just so scared. I just reacted without thinking”

“I know” Loki squeezed Tony’s hand as best he could with a broken finger. “It’s ok; I forgive you... Where’s Peter?”

“I gave him to Nurse Dunn. I didn’t know what I was gonna see coming in here. I needed to see you alone for a bit”

“I want to see him”

"Not yet. Let’s wait a bit”

“I want to see him” Loki repeated.

“We need to talk first. We need to compose ourselves. Especially me”

Loki closed his eyes. “Stop crying”

“I can’t help it. I was so scared-!” He held Loki tighter, kissing him hard on the cheek. “Why did you go out? Why did you have to go out?!”

“I just needed to go out. You were being so ignorant and insensitive. I was angry with you. I just needed a breather”

“What? No I wasn’t!”

“Yes you were! I was trying to tell you how I was feeling, and you said I was overreacting, and you said I was an idiot. I was nothing but supportive of you throughout your post-adoption depression, not to mention all your other bouts of mental illness, so the least you could do is hear me out, if not repay the favour”

Tony went quiet for a minute. “Did I really say that?”

“Yes, you really did. You sent me away when we got back too”

“Well yeah, to cool off. I made you something to eat, too”

“I know that” Loki almost snapped. “That doesn’t take away the fact you were insensitive and didn’t want to hear what I had to say”

“Don’t you think you’re jumping to conclusions a little bit? It could just be normal depression”

“It’s been triggered by this whole situation with Kindsprengen. I drew a logical conclusion” 

Tony sighed, propping himself up on his elbow. “I love you, Loki. But maybe we should wait and talk about this once you’re better”

“Surely talking about it now is the perfect time? If I’m going to be out of action for a few days, that gives us a lot of time to talk”

“Not with a toddler to look after as well”

“He’s in bed early, and he has an afternoon nap. Besides, he’s so distracted with playing all the time. It’s not that much of an obstacle” Loki said. “Unless you want it to be”

“Why do you always have to change the subject and pretend other things aren’t happening? Can’t you let me worry about the fact that you got hit by a car for a little bit before we launch onto the next thing?”

“This isn’t the next thing. I brought it up before the accident”

“You know what I mean”

“So do you”

Tony sat up properly, and slowly slipped off the bed. “Do you wanna sit up?”

Loki looked away, and nodded slightly. Tony helped him sit up, and took his good hand.

“Are they keeping you in?”

“They didn’t say. I would doubt it”

“Good. I’ve gotta say, that’s a relief. I don’t know if I could deal with...”

“Painful memories?”

Tony nodded. “Painful memories... I’ll admit that the idea of having to get reacquainted with Nurse Tyler did just cross my mind”

Loki squeezed his hand. “I didn’t think... I know how hard that was for you”

“I don’t want to talk about it”

“I know... You never do. You’ve never talked about it, not since I was discharged”

Tony looked down at their hands. He looked at the rings on Loki’s ring finger, and stroked them gently with his thumb.

“...I spent so many hours sat by your side holding your hand like this. We were still basically considered newly-weds. They’d taken your rings off but I insisted you’d want to wear them. They said no at first, but once you were more stable... Poor little Peter spent so much of his free time there. It was the school holidays, wasn’t it? He was just here so constantly. Even that first night. Poor kid must’ve been terrified. He spent way too much time curled up asleep in a hospital chair”

Loki held his hand tight. Tony took a deep breath. He opened his mouth to continue, but was interrupted by a knock on the door. 

“Oh” Tony couldn’t help but smile slightly as the door opened. “I forgot how fast news travels round here”

-

Just as the group of Loki’s colleagues cleared out, another person appeared. 

“You’re straggling” Tony said.

“Haha, yeah. Sorry about that” Jo Jo smiled awkwardly, approaching the bed. “What are you like, eh?”

Loki couldn’t help smiling at his fellow nurse. “It’s good to see you”

“Mind if I give you a hug?” Jo Jo said, doing so anyway. “Bloody drunk drivers! What’s the damage?”

“I’ll be back to my usual self in no more than a week” Loki said. 

“Any update on the car?”

“Passenger died. Driver is critical” Loki said. 

Jo Jo sucked his breath.

“Idiots, that’s what they are” Tony said. “No other word for it”

“Well, I think it doesn’t bare thinking about” Jo Jo said awkwardly. “How are you feeling, Lokes?”

“I’ve been better, but not too bad, considering the circumstances”

“Good. I’m glad you’re ok. We were all pretty worried”

Tony excused himself from the room. He knew Loki and Jo Jo were fairly close, and he wanted to give them a little space. Besides, he had something he needed to get.

-

Loki lit up when Tony came back into the room with little Peter balanced on his hip, and Jo Jo gasped.

“Is this baby Peter?! Aww, look at him! Can I hold him?”

Tony laughed. “What do you think, bambino? You wanna go over to Jo Jo for a bit?”

Peter held tight to his rocket, and nodded slightly. Tony passed him over to Jo Jo, who seemed delighted.

“Hey, little sweetheart!” he smiled, stroking the toddlers curls gently and tickling him under the chin. “Aren’t you a cutie?” he looked at Loki. “He’s lovely”

Loki smiled. “I know... Can I have him? I’ve been waiting rather a long time”

“Yeah yeah, of course” Jo Jo nodded. “Over to daddy now, ok?”

Peter was all too happy to be passed over. Loki held him close, almost desperately, kissing his cheek and stroking his hair firmly. 

“Hello, my darling” he said. “How are you doing?”

“Daddy said you had an accident”

Loki loosened his grip so Peter could sit back on his heels and look at him. 

“Yes, but I’m ok” 

“You’re hurt” Peter said, noting his dressings and the obvious cuts and bruises on show.

“Only a little bit. Have you been a good boy while you’ve been here?”

“That nurse gave me a biscuit and we played snap” Peter yawned.

“Lovely...” he looked at Tony. “He’s tired. You need to take him home”

“I’m not leaving you” Tony said firmly. 

“Well then you need someone to do it for you. It’s not fair to keep him here”

“Uhhh...” Tony looked at Jo Jo. “I don’t suppose you could..?”

Jo Jo put his hands up. “Sorry, I’m on shift”

“But you’re down here”

“I’m on my break” Jo Jo said. 

“Then why are you here instead of in the staff room downing an instant pasta pot?” Loki teased, knowing the nurses bad habit.

“I’ve been itching to get away for hours, ever since I heard that they’d brought you in. It’s just been really busy tonight” he looked back at Tony. “I’m sorry; I can’t”

“Take him home, Tony” Loki said.

“I’m not leaving you. I’ll have to ring round, see if anyone can take him”

Loki looked at Peter, stroking his hair gently. “Is Barton still in town?”

“I think so?” Tony said. “You want me to call him?”

Loki nodded. “Peter needs looking after”

Jo Jo’s pager beeped. He checked it, sighed, and silenced it. He gave Loki a quick hug and a kiss on his bruised cheek.

“I’ve gotta go.  You look after yourself” he straightened up, clearing his throat. “See you on the ward some time?”

“Definitely”

-

Clint shook his head at Tony in the hospital car park.

“Why is that whenever there’s a crisis, it’s always you three?”

“You’re not funny” Tony said. “Thanks for coming down”

“Hey, it’s no problem. I said I’d help out if you ever needed me” Clint said. 

“Yeah... We’ll put the car seat in your car. Might be easier that way..”

They sorted the car seat, and Clint leant against his car.

“Are you ok?”

Tony nodded. He shook his head, and shrugged. “I think I’m still in a bit of shock”

“How’s Loki?”

“...It could have been worse. I don’t think they’re gonna keep him in, but... I don’t know” he looked at Peter, and kissed him on the cheek. “Uncle Clint’s gonna take you home now”

Peter nodded slightly. Clint carefully took him from Tony.

“Hey, little guy”

“He needs a bath tonight” Tony said. “There’s plenty of stuff in the kitchen, so... If he gets difficult, like if he won’t do something, you can sometimes kid him into doing it by pretending it’s a superhero mission, and-”

“Tony, it’s fine. I’ve got this” Clint said. “He’ll be fine with me. Just keep me updated on Loki, and we’ll talk later”

“Ok... Ok. Oh god, it’s gotten late so quickly”

“Go back in” Clint said, strapping Peter into his car seat and closing the door. “He needs you the most right now. Don’t worry about the kid”

Tony looked at Clint. If it had been anyone else, he probably would have hugged them. Instead he nodded, thanked him, and turned on his heel. Clint was right: Loki needed him the most right now.

*

[coolfilesnetworkm48-blog]

DOWNLOAD JVC 200X DRIVER

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[actualdriversshopy4f-blog]

DOWNLOAD DELL 2407WFP WINDOWS 7 DRIVER

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[pslvtv]

గుట్కాలు తినే అలవాటు నుండి బయటపడలేకపోతున్నారా | Dr. Jayarami Reddy | Dr. Y.J.R De-Addiction Clinic, RTC 'X' Roads, Hyderabad.

[tuyetthienduong]

K

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[todaybharatnews]

via Today Bharat In the first incident, a TSRTC driver died of a heart attack on Thursday after suffering from depression over the loss of his job last several days..Hyderabad: Two drivers of the Telangana State Road Transport Corporation (TSRTC) died from massive heart attacks, precipitated by anxiety and depression arising out of the decision of the state government to fire them, and all others, who had participated in the strike, and after losing hoping of any positive and amicable resolution of the standoff. In the first incident, a TSRTC driver died of a heart attack on Thursday after suffering from depression over the loss of his job last several days. The victim, identified as D. Komarayya, 57 years old, was working as a driver in the Chengicherla depot. Prior to his death, the driver was taking part in a protest rally from Chengicherla to the Uppal bus depot. According to onlookers, he collapsed during the rally, after which he was shifted to the Aditya Hospital for treatment, where he was declared dead on arrival. Members of the Telangana Jathiya Mazdoor Union allege that the body was not admitted into a government hospital in Tarnaka as the deceased was ldquo;no longer a working member of the TSRTC.rdquo; In the second incident, an RTC employee passed away in Ramachandra-puram in the outskirts of the city. The victim was identified as Sheikh Khaleel Miya. His son said, ldquo;my father was worried about how he would run a household without any credible source of income.rdquo; Moinuddin, brother of deceased Khaleel, said that his brother had revealed to him that he was upset with the strike. ldquo;He was worried about the ongoing strike. Yesterday, after he returned home from protest, he was very upset but he did not share many details when we asked him. Late that night, at around 1 am, he suffered a stroke and we rushed him to a hospital,rdquo; he said. The Rachakonda Commissi-onerate dismissed the reports that D Komaraiah had suffered a stroke during the rally. The statement said that ldquo;Komaraiah had participated in the rally of TSRTC employees between 11 am and 12 noon. After the rally, he went to Chengicherla X-roads and then returned home. He suffered a stroke at 3 pm, while preparing lunch. He was taken to a hospital in Boduppal, and then shifted to another hospital in Uppal, where he was declared dead.rdquo; Meanwhile, Dr. K. Laxman, president, Bharatiya Janata Party, voiced his support for striking RTC employees. He said that he had represented the issue to Governor, Dr. Tamilisai Soundarajan. In his statement, Dr Laxman said, ldquo;It is highly upsetting that nearly 50,000 employees were removed from the rolls. The government must keep interests of both people and employees in mind before taking such a whimsical decision.rdquo; In another development, to keep a check on prices of bus tickets, the RTC and police officials began conducting a random check of RTC buses. ldquo;Today, when I checked some buses in the Narkatpally depot, I found that conductors were charging excessive fares. I took the rate chart from the conductor, (Mr Chary, DM, RTC was with me) and asked passengers randomly. To our dismay, we found for instance that Rs 250 was being charged from Hyderabad to Khammam, against an actual rate of `175,rdquo; said AV Ranganath, SP, Nalgonda. ldquo;From Bhuvanagiri to Nalgonda, they were charging Rs 10 more. We immediately arrested the conductors and cheating cases were registered against them.rdquo; As more incidents and reports arrive from different parts of the state, the bus terminal at ECIL and Jubilee Bus Station wore a deserted look on Thursday. On a cursory glance, it was evident at ECIL that there werenrsquo;t any takers for buses in the city. Most stalls were empty, catering only to a few customers to make ends meet. ldquo;Earlier, there would be so many customers that it became difficult to handle them over the counter. But, over the weekend, hardly anyone walks into my store,rdquo; said Mohan Das, a worker at Govind Mobiles, located opposite to the ECIL terminus. His customers, who mostly include intermediate college students, were away on Dasara holidays. ldquo;When the government chose to remove so many drivers, they have thrown the future of thousands of families into jeopardy. Now, they want to hire private drivers, which is unconstitutional,rdquo; Nammala Krishna, president, Telangana Jathiya Mazdoor Union, Greater Hyderabad Region, told Deccan Chronicle. Similar scenes were witnessed at the Jubliee Bus Station, where the traffic is usually chock-a-block due to the onslaught of buses entering and exiting the station. ldquo;There is no particular way in which the buses used to move earlier, but now traffic seems to have cleared up,rdquo; said Pranay, a resident of West Marredpally. nbsp;

[joneleslament]

Korekiyo's Lament

He's so,,, I love him

Also I decided to give him a longer dress because of the fact he covers up so much to fuel his mindset that beauty comes from within or whatever, And it just seemed like it fit him more

[theconservativebrief]

“Get that thing off your skull.”

That’s something my mom says just about every time she sees me with a cellphone pressed against my ear. She also worries about cellphones in pockets, telling my brothers that they’re “frying their testicles” with their devices.

My mother is voicing something many cellphone users, or parents of cellphone users, intuitively feel: that these devices are somehow making us sick.

Though I have never been particularly concerned about cellphone radiation and cancer, my phone makes me uneasy. It commands too much of my attention. It sucks up too much of my time. And it feels unwise to have its heat so close to my brain.

But as anyone who’s had suspicions can tell you, it isn’t easy to find clear answers. Over the years, reports on the science of cellphone radiation and health haven’t been very satisfying, especially on cancer — the ultimate cellphone health concern.

Single studies have alternately suggested cellphones are driving up cancer rates and that they pose no health threat at all. In 2011, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared that the devices are a “Class 2B carcinogen,” meaning they possibly can cause cancer in humans — but that’s also a distinction they share with pickles, aloe vera, and being a carpenter.

A much-anticipated series of studies, released in draft in February 2018 by the National Toxicology Program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), went to great lengths to study the effects of cellphone radiation in rats and mice. The researchers had an equally difficult time forming conclusions. (More on that below.)

A fringe group of science deniers occasionally captures attention for voicing concerns about cellphones and other types of non-ionizing radio-frequency radiation exposure, such as the energy emitted from wifi routers in schools. They’re routinely debunked, and the debunkers rightly note that cellphones are also just one of many radiation sources we all live with. (Even the Earth itself, the air we breathe, and the sun and stars in our galaxy constantly give off radiation.) Adding to the confusion: Wireless companies have reportedly attempted to shape cellphone research and discredited researchers whose findings are inconvenient.

Yet as cellphones have become more and more ubiquitous in the US over the past decade and a half, brain tumor rates — both cancerous and benign — have not been going up.

But there is also some ambiguity about cellphone radiation’s health effects. As Dr. John Bucher, a senior scientist at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and a co-author of the NIH studies, told me, “[Our results] go against the notion that non-ionizing radiation is completely harmless.” In other words, he’s found that the type of radiation cellphones give off could cause biological changes, like promoting tumors, at least in animals.

As I started poking around on cellphone radiation, many researchers expressed the same concern: We can’t fully understand its potential impact on human health because the way we live with these radiation-emitting devices keeps changing.

Our cellphone dependency now starts in childhood, and “nobody has looked at this issue in kids, where their brains and skulls are developing,” said Otis Brawley, the chief medical and scientific officer for the American Cancer Society, though studies are underway.

Welcome to Show Me the Evidence, where we go beyond the frenzy of daily headlines to take a deeper look at the state of science around the most pressing health questions of the day.

We’re also exposed to radio-frequency radiation from the networks that connect our phones. And while the coming rollout of 5G, or fifth-generation, wireless networks is expected to transmit data faster than ever, it will also increase the number of antennas sending signals to mobile devices, and potentially our exposure to radiation, with unclear health effects. (That’s why 180 scientists from around the world signed a petition in September 2017 asking for a moratorium on the rollout of 5G networks in the European Union until the health effects of the networks are better understood.)

With the help of clinical epidemiologist Dylan Collins, I scoured the best available medical studies on cellphone radiation and head and neck cancers or benign tumors, as part of Vox’s Show Me the Evidence series.

As Jonathan Samet — the dean of the Colorado School of Public Health, who advised the World Health Organization on cellphone radiation and cancer — told me, you can argue anything based on the science we currently have “because there’s not enough evidence to start with.” Actually, there’s not enough high-quality evidence. Before we get into why, and what we know, we need a quick primer on cellphone radiation.

The reason we’re talking about cellphones and cancer — why there’s a concern here — is because they emit radiation, the invisible waves of electric and magnetic energy, of varying power, organized on the electromagnetic spectrum. You can see in the graphic below that less powerful (or lower-frequency) types of radiation are on the left, moving to the more powerful (or higher-frequency) types of radiation on the right.

Javier Zarracina/Vox

You’ll notice radiation is split into two categories here: ionizing and non-ionizing. The waves emitted from radios, cellphones and cellphone towers, Wi-Fi routers, and microwaves are referred to as “radio-frequency” radiation. That’s a type of “non-ionizing” radiation, since it doesn’t carry enough energy to “ionize” — or strip electrons from atoms and molecules. (Other sources of non-ionizing radiation, as you can see in our chart, include visible and infrared light.)

When it comes to ionizing radiation — which we’re exposed to in X-rays, in CT scans, and during air travel — we know it’s powerful enough to damage the DNA, and that repeated DNA damage over time can cause cancer. That’s why, for example, you’re not supposed to get too many X-rays in your lifetime. (In case you were wondering, there’s no precise number on how many X-rays are too many — but the Food and Drug Administration suggests keeping track and avoiding any that seem unnecessary.)

Again, non-ionizing radiation — the radiation from cellphones — doesn’t have enough energy to break our DNA, and therefore, we have traditionally thought, it couldn’t cause cancer. But there is some question about whether it’s as harmless as was once believed, or whether there might be another mechanism at play, other than direct DNA damage, that could lead to cancer or other biological problems.

“These electromagnetic waves may cause effects on cellular functions but not damage the cells per se,” University of Utah radiation expert Om Gandhi told Vox. And the closer you are to any source of radiation exposure, and the longer you’re exposed, the more radiation absorbs into your body, and the higher the risk of a health effect.

That brings us back to the main question here: Do cellphones cause tumors? We chose to focus this story on cancer risk, since it seems like the most common health concern people have about cellphones. But before we get to the answers, we need to take another (brief) detour to explain how this science has been done with human subjects. To do that, we need to zoom in on a nerdy subject: research methods.

Javier Zarracina/Vox

In many areas of health research, the randomized controlled trial is considered the gold standard of evidence. Researchers take test subjects and randomly assign them to one of two groups. One group gets a treatment; the other gets a placebo.

The idea is that because people were randomly assigned, the only real difference between the groups (on average) is the treatment. So if there’s a difference in outcomes, it’s fair to say that the treatment was probably the cause.

That’s why randomized controlled trials (RTCs) often yield fairly clear answers about the effectiveness of treatments compared to other study designs. (Fun fact: Scottish doctor James Lind, a clinical trial pioneer, figured out that citrus fruits seemed to have an effect on scurvy using one of the earliest RCTs.) RCTs can also be used to study whether something, like cellphone radiation, can cause disease.

Unfortunately, however, we’ll probably never have an RCT on cellphones and cancer in humans. It’d be too difficult and too expensive to randomly assign particular levels of cellphone use to thousands of people and have them stick with those plans for enough time (we’re talking at least five years) to figure out whether certain types of phones or phone use patterns cause cancer to develop. That’s not to mention the fact it’d be nearly impossible to find a group of people willing to not use cellphones and then make sure they actually stick to their promise.

But without RCTs, we can’t establish that cellphones cause cancer or prove that they don’t.

Instead, we have to rely on “observational” data, tracking people’s real-world cellphone use and their disease incidence. Studies using observational data tend to be weaker, messier, and less clear-cut than experimental studies like RCTs. They can only tell us about associations between phenomena, not whether one thing caused another to happen. So that opens up a lot of the ambiguity we’re going to delve into next.

One final wrench in cellphone studies: Some, but not all, have been funded by the cellphone industry, clouding their trustworthiness. You can read more about that in this investigation by the Nation, which has its merits but also strongly implies a causal link between cellphones and cancer based on cherry-picked studies.

When we analyzed the sources of funding behind the 49 cellphone and human health studies — on PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMF Portal, and SaferEMR — published in the past 10 years, we saw no apparent link between the source of funding and the direction of the conclusions.

In fact, we found the best human studies that aren’t industry-funded on cellphones and cancer all seem to point in the same direction: Using these devices is not associated with an increased risk of brain tumors in humans — though there are many open questions about their health effects. Here’s why.

Javier Zarracina/Vox

To cut through some of the messiness in the data, we took a systematic approach to wading through the evidence. We focused on cancers, as well as benign tumors, of the head and neck, since that’s the body area thought to get the most exposure to radio-frequency radiation during cellphone use.

The three most common brain tumor types — and the ones most cellphone and human health studies focused on — are gliomas (malignant tumors of the brain and spinal cord), meningiomas (mostly noncancerous tumors of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord, though a small percentage are cancerous), and acoustic neuromas (noncancerous tumors on the main nerve that leads from the inner ear to the brain). Note that of these, gliomas are the main concern — they generally have more severe outcomes than meningiomas and acoustic neuromas.

We started with systematic reviews: syntheses of the research evidence that bring together a bunch of studies to come to more fully supported conclusions. (For more on our search strategy, scroll to the end to read our methods section.)

We found 12 systematic reviews on cellphone radiation and head and neck tumors. To determine the quality of each, we used a tool to evaluate systematic reviews called AMSTAR. Eight of the 12 reviews were of “critically low” quality, according to AMSTAR’s criteria, meaning they shouldn’t be relied on to provide an accurate summary of the research.

(Some common flaws in these studies: The summaries of the evidence weren’t comprehensive, the researchers often didn’t look at the quality of the studies they found, and they failed to do other simple things that would limit bias from creeping in. They also relied on case-control studies, a poor method to determine causality — more on that soon.) So we didn’t include these eight reviews in our analysis.

The remaining four did a little better according to AMSTAR — but only ranked “low” or “moderate” quality. They still relied mainly on case-control studies — a very weak type of observational study design when it comes to proving causality.

In case-control studies, researchers start with an endpoint (in this case, people who already have head and neck cancer and people who don’t) and work backward to see what may have contributed to that health outcome (in this case, figuring out how people’s cellphone use patterns may have differed).

For each person with a disease (a case), they find a match (a control) — or someone who doesn’t have the disease. They then look back in time and try to determine if there are any patterns of exposure in those with the disease that aren’t present in those without the disease.

This method is prone to bias. When we look back in time, it’s more difficult to get an objective measure of what happened. For example, when it comes to cellphone use, researchers have to ask people to think back 10, 15, or 20 years and estimate how much they used their mobile devices, or use cellphone records as a proxy.

Additionally, the way researchers match cases to controls tends to be subjective. They try to match based on things we know might affect the outcome, such as socioeconomic status, gender, and age — but it’s impossible to match for everything.

Altogether, the four reviews had somewhat mixed results — which isn’t that surprising since they were not conducted to the best possible standards. Here’s a quick rundown of their findings:

This 2017 review, published in Neurological Sciences, looked at case-control studies on cellphone use, focusing on glioma, meningioma, and acoustic neuromas. This review was interesting because the researchers divided the studies by quality, and higher-quality studies — which tended to be funded by the government and not the cellphone industry — showed a trend toward an increased risk of brain tumors, while lower-quality studies did not. Overall, though, their meta-analysis found an increased risk of brain cancers (mostly gliomas) among people who were using cellphones for 10 or more years, and no increase in the risk of acoustic neuroma.

This 2017 systematic review and meta-analysis, published in PLOS One, looked at mobile phone use in case-control studies and the risk of glioma. “Our results suggest that long-term mobile phone use may be associated with an increased risk of glioma,” they wrote. The researchers found an association between mobile phone use and low-grade glioma in the people who used cellphones regularly or for 10 years or more. “However, current evidence is of poor quality and limited quantity,” they added, and called for prospective studies to confirm the results.

This 2012 systematic review, from Bioelectromagnetics, found no increased risk of glioma, meningioma, or acoustic neuroma at any level of cellphone use.

This 2009 meta-analysis, published in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, looked at 23 case-control studies of the risk of both malignant and benign tumors from mobile phone use. When the authors included all 23, they found no increased risk of tumors. When they crunched certain subsets of the data — like looking only at studies that were blinded, or people who used cellphones for 10 or more years — they did find increases in tumor risks. Confusingly, when they divided up the analysis by tumor type, they found no increase in risk for glioma and acoustic neuroma, and a decrease in risk of meningioma.

Overall, the reviews of case-control studies seem to suggest there is perhaps no risk of cancer with cellphone use — unless you look at some subgroups (like people in blinded studies or people with long-term exposures). But these reviews are based on case-control studies — which are like the National Enquirer of the science world: cheap and often misleading.

So let’s take a look at a stronger type of study design: the cohort study. Unlike case-control studies, cohort studies follow people with a known exposure (e.g., cellphones) through time, waiting to see if, when, and how many people develop a disease (such as cancer).

This means they’re not left searching for artificial controls to match their cases. And since researchers have data that follows people through time, and can sometimes check in on how they’re using their cellphones in real time, they don’t have to rely on people’s memories of the past.

In our search of the literature, we found five recent cohort studies. They looked at populations of 60,000 to 23 million people, examining different levels of cellphone use and whether users went on to develop head and neck cancers or benign tumors like acoustic neuromas:

This 2009 study, funded by the Danish Strategic Research Council and published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, tracked nearly 60,000 people across Scandinavia between 1974 and 2003 to look at changes in glioma and meningioma rates.

This 2011 study, also funded by the Danish Strategic Research Council and published in the American Journal of Epidemiology, tracked nearly 3 million people who had used cellphones for more than 11 years.

Taiwanese people were early adopters of cellphones and among the heaviest users in the world. So the National Science Council in Taiwan decided to look at a cohort of 23 million cellphone users over 10 years to see if there was any increase in brain tumors. They published their findings in the European Journal of Cancer Prevention in 2013.

In the UK, Cancer Research UK funded a study, published in the International Journal of Epidemiology in 2013, that allowed researchers to track nearly 800,000 women for seven years to see whether their use of cellphones correlated with an increased risk of head and neck cancers.

In Japan, the government’s Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications tracked cellphone users from 1993 to 2010 for a 2016 Bioelectromagnetics study.

None of them were funded by the cellphone industry, which suggests they’re less likely to be biased and that we can be more confident in their results. Not surprisingly, their conclusions looked different from what the reviews of lower-quality research uncovered, though not in the direction you might expect.

What did they find? No increased risk in glioma or meningioma tumors, while one (the British study) found a small increased risk of acoustic neuroma, the noncancerous tumor on the main nerve that leads from the inner ear to the brain. But the researchers noted these tumors were so rare that they were uncertain about the link.

So here are five large cohort studies — some of the best-quality studies in humans we can get on the question of cellphones and cancer — from different continents without industry funding. They consistently showed no increase in cancer risk.

What’s more, when we looked at the incidence data for acoustic neuromas, gliomas, and meningiomas in humans, they haven’t been going up in the period you’d expect them to (about a decade after cellphones came into widespread use).

“We see either no change or very small increases in incidence in some tumor types,” Quinn Ostrom, the Baylor College of Medicine researcher who has been analyzing these cancer trends, explained. “I would be inclined to say this isn’t as much of an increase as you might expect if cellphones were causative [of brain tumors] due to the very sharp way use of these devices has gone up over the last 20 years.”

But, dear reader, don’t think we’ve reached a “case closed” moment: Unfortunately, even the best evidence on cellphones and brain tumors is far from ideal. Remember, these cohort studies are still observational research — not experimental studies like RCTs. That means they can’t tell us about causation, and there are still many ways they could be biased.

For example, they mostly relied on self-reported survey data about cellphone use or people’s cellphone records instead of measuring people’s actual exposures to radio-frequency radiation. (You can read criticisms of the Danish studies here.)

It’s also possible that longer-term studies and cancer incidence tracking will find larger cancer effects in another five or 10 years — or that how we use cellphones is evolving such that the devices may cause cancer in ways these studies didn’t account for. (These days, many people text instead of talking, and hold their cellphones in their pockets but not on their heads and necks.) That’s why some people look to animal studies to supplement our understanding of the potential biological effects of cellphones.

One of the most robust animal studies comes from the US government. In 1999, the Food and Drug Administration asked the National Toxicology Program (NTP) to study the toxicity and cancer-causing capability of cellphone radio-frequency radiation. At the time, health officials felt epidemiological studies in humans wouldn’t answer these questions, so the NTP embarked on studies in rats and mice.

This was some of the most complex research the NTP had ever undertaken. The scientists tasked with these studies had to have special chambers built in Switzerland so they could control exactly how much radiation the animals were getting. All told, NTP spent $25 million on them.

In 2018, nearly 20 years after the FDA requested these studies, they published their draft reports. (Their final versions have not yet been released.)

In the studies, the researchers looked at a whole slew of health outcomes (like offspring survival, bodyweight changes, and body temperature changes), but importantly, they also looked at brain tumors, including gliomas. They exposed the animals to radio frequency radiation for up to nine hours a day over two years, and then examined more than 40 tissues in each animal. And they had a control group that wasn’t exposed to radiation for comparison.

The exposed male and female rats developed gliomas more frequently, but, oddly, the exposed mice didn’t. The rats (but again, not the mice) that were exposed to radiation also experienced an increase in heart schwannomas — an effect the researchers thought could be attributed to the radiation.

Heart schwannomas, malignant tumors in animals, affect the same cells (known as the Schwann cells) as the noncancerous tumors in the heads of humans called acoustic neuromas. Some researchers think these animal studies are good evidence that cellphones can cause these noncancerous brain tumors.

“It’s quite informative that the NTP data found evidence of an increased tumor risk in the male rats for glial cells and in the [heart] Schwann cells,” said Joel Moskowitz, director of the Center for Family and Community Health at the Berkeley School of Public Health (who writes about electromagnetic radiation here). “That’s compelling evidence that what we’re seeing in humans — even though the signal is not clear — is highly suggestive, and that there is indeed something real going on with regard to tumor risk in humans.”

Acoustic neuromas, while they aren’t cancer, can be horribly disruptive to people’s lives. They can cause hearing loss, ringing in the ears, loss of balance, and numbness. Sometimes, these tumors can interfere with brain function, and the surgeries to remove them can be risky and expensive.

But, like the human studies, one can pick apart the NTP studies too. The researchers found other strange effects that muddied the interpretation of the studies: The rats exposed to cellphones seemed to outlive the rats in the control group, for example. There was no clear linear relationship between higher levels of cellphone exposure and more cancer at some tissue sites, and the cancer rate in the control group was lower than it should have been at other tissue sites.

The researchers also found that the rats and mice absorbed radiation at different frequencies more easily depending on their body size — another good reminder that animal studies are a very poor way to understand human health.

Remember: The cancer incidence data in humans, at least to date, suggests no avalanche of head and neck tumors. Since so many people are exposed to cellphones, if there were a big risk, we’d probably see it turn up. “If cellphones caused brain tumors at the rate that cigarettes caused lung cancer,” said Otis Brawley of the American Cancer Society, “we would have figured it out by now.”

Our tour of the cellphone and brain tumor data is (almost) over. We think it’s fair to argue two things based on the best available research: that they don’t cause tumors, or that the data is too poor to know that for sure.

Researchers — and my mom — have long been concerned about the fact that cellphones may decrease fertility. And there is good evidence of some worrying effects on reproductive health.

A systematic review published in 2014 examined the impact of cellphone radiation on sperm health, both in humans (in vivo) and on sperm in petri dishes (in vitro). The review brought together 10 studies, four on sperm in human testicles and six on sperm samples in petri dishes.

The authors found a consistent effect, in both types of studies, that cellphone radiation leads to decreased sperm motility (ability to swim) and viability, but not a decrease in overall concentration. While it’s unclear if these specific changes are enough to affect men’s fertility, the authors wrote, “mobile phone exposure may form part of a cumulative effect of modern day environmental exposures, that collectively reduce sperm quality and explain current trends in infertility.”

In theory, men may be more vulnerable to cellphone radiation’s effects on fertility than women. Sperm cells are made and stored in testicles, whereas egg cells are stored in ovaries. And the location of these two organs means that sperm and eggs have different levels of protection from radiation. Testicles sit outside of the abdomen, which makes them more sensitive to radiation. And, well, a phone often sits in your front pocket.

The ovaries are deep within a woman’s pelvis and are more protected. So one would expect less of a potential impact on egg health from a cellphone in your pocket.

Still, the effect of mobile phones on egg health, and women’s fertility, is a much less studied area. In fact, we struggled to find any studies done on humans, or any good-quality reviews on the subject. We did find this narrative review, and the overall conclusion was that we need to conduct better-quality studies.

Wherever you come out on the cellphone and cancer question, one thing is clear: How we live with cellphones, along with our exposure to the radiation they emit, has changed dramatically over the past several decades. That has policy implications; it’s something regulators, researchers, and cellphone companies need to pay attention to. In that context, a few things should happen:

1) Our exposure to radio frequency radiation is changing. Regulators need to catch up.

“5G” cellphone networks are going to be rolled out soon. The G stands for generation, and with each generation, the frequency and bandwidth tend to be greater for transferring information more quickly.

But the 5G signals are weaker at traveling long distances, and weaker signals mean we need more antennas to amplify, or strengthen, the 5G network. According to the New York Times, “Instead of relying on large towers placed far apart, the new signals will come from smaller equipment placed an average of 500 feet apart in neighborhoods and business districts.” They’ll also emit a different kind of higher-frequency radio waves, known as millimeter waves.

Researchers need funding to move fast to study the potential health effects of 5G networks and how they might change our exposures to radiation. “So far, we’ve got research that’s done on 3G and 4G but not 5G,” said Brawley of the American Cancer Society. “We do think the answers [about cell radiation’s cancer effects] for 5G may be different from the answers for 4G or 3G. … As these types of radio waves and energy change over time, the answers [about their health effects] may change.”

It also means regulators need to make sure their policies reflect new levels of exposure. The Federal Communications Commission currently oversees cellphone safety and sets the limits for how much radiation people should be exposed to. (This is measured by the specific absorption rate — the rate at which the body absorbs radio frequency energy — and the current limit for cellphones is 1.6 watts of energy per kilogram of tissue. The whole-body threshold is a SAR value of 0.08 watts per kilogram, and the tower radiation limit is 10 watts per square meter.)

But these regulations haven’t been updated since the 1990s, said the University of Utah’s Om Gandhi. Since that time, people’s exposure to radiation through their phones and the environment have changed dramatically.

For example, cellphone manufacturers currently test these devices for compliance with FCC standards by placing them against the head, and near the torso with some separation. Just check out Apple’s iPhone manual: The company tests the specific absorption rate at a 5mm separation from the body. But if you wear your device in your pocket, you’re probably not going to have that 5mm separation, meaning you may be exposed to more radiation — perhaps enough to exceed current standards.

In addition, cellphones potentially harm our health in ways that have nothing to do with cancer. The effect on sperm is concerning to Moskowitz, the director of the Center for Family and Community Health at the Berkeley School of Public Health, and he noted that our current cellphone regulations also don’t account for these potential effects. Plus, we still don’t know what steady exposure to this kind of radiation from devices means for kids.

The European Union is currently running the Mobi-Kids, a case-control study in 14 countries, to better understand the effects of electromagnetic fields radiation on children and adolescents. One of the early publications from the project, looking at data on the use of wireless devices among 10- to 25-year-olds in France, found that kids are started to rely on these devices earlier and earlier in life. But the researchers are still analyzing the main results on any health impacts, and haven’t yet published their findings.

“The guidelines adopted in the 1990s by the FCC were designed to protect the public only from heating risks from exposure to high-intensity wireless radiation,” Moskowitz added. “Our exposure to wireless radiation from multiple sources is much greater than two decades ago.”

2) We need clearer consumer guidelines

Consumers also need to understand what they’re being exposed to. With every cellphone comes a booklet of instructions including guidelines for safe use. But these guidelines aren’t written in a way that’s easy for consumers to understand.

That’s why the International EMF Scientist Appeal and a number of health and safety organizations, including the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Environmental Health Trust, have called on the government to reassess the safe levels of exposure to cellphones and other wireless technology and then develop new consumer safety guidelines based on those assessments, Moskowitz said.

Finally, Brawley reminded me that cellphones kill humans in another way that we’re already certain about: because of inattention through distracted driving. In the US alone, there were 3,157 fatal crashes in 2016 that involved distracted driving, 14 percent of which included cellphone use, according to the latest data from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. That’s not the focus of this piece, but perhaps state and federal regulators could follow places like Washington state, California, New York, and Nevada and heavily crack down on distracted driving with bans or stricter laws.

3) There are simple things you can do to reduce your exposure

If you’re concerned, take steps to minimize your cellphone exposure. Keep your cellphone off your body, wear wired earpieces when you use it to reduce your exposure to radiation, and don’t sleep with your cellphone next to your pillow. These changes are free — and they’ll minimize your radiation exposure.

4) We need better research on cellphones and health

There are so many potential health effects from this changing technology — and so many people exposed to the effects. We need a research agenda that reflects that.

“Given the ubiquitousness of worldwide exposure, and that exposure begins in many countries prenatally, we need to understand if it does have health effects,” said Colorado’s Jonathan Samet. “For many biological exposures, we have concerted research agendas, but that’s not the case with this type of radiation.”

As a starting point, he’d like to see research that looks specifically at the different mechanisms by which non-ionizing radiation may harm human health. “The animal [studies] show responses that cannot be understood in terms of [our] current understanding of how electromagnetic radiation interacts with tissues,” he said.

Instead of more animal and even epidemiological studies, he thinks researchers should focus on finding the mechanisms by which cellphone radiation may affect human health. Since we’ll never have an RCT on cellphones and cancer, he added, studies should measure actual cellphone use and exposure to radio-frequency radiation, instead of estimations of how much people are exposed (which most studies currently do).

We focused our search strategy on cancers of the head and neck because these parts of the body are thought to get the most exposure to radio frequency radiation during cellphone use.

We limited our search to studies that were conducted in humans, and whose outcome was one of actual head or neck cancers (rather than things thought to be linked to cancer).

Specifically, we looked for studies that measured rates of acoustic neuromas, gliomas, meningiomas, and thyroid cancers. We also narrowed our search to studies that looked at the effect of radio-frequency radiation originating from an actual cellphone, rather than experimental equipment. We did this because we wanted evidence that could apply to real life, not specific laboratory settings or hypothetical outcomes.

Searching PubMed for studies published in the past 10 years, we found 102 studies that ultimately resulted in 12 relevant systematic reviews. To limit bias in our assessment of the literature, we used a validated critical appraisal tool called AMSTAR to determine the quality of each review. Eight of the reviews were critically low quality, two were low quality, and two were moderate quality.

We decided to focus our reporting on the best available evidence, and we did this by excluding the critically low-quality studies (n=8).

But given that these systematic reviews mostly looked at case-control studies, we felt that it was important to also look at cohort studies because they are a more reliable study design for finding rare harms. We found five cohort studies, all of which we included.

We also spoke to experts and searched government reports to try to find any other high-quality evidence that may not have been published in an academic database. We included the National Toxicology Program’s animal studies, since they are considered some of the most important animal research that was funded by the government to help answer the question of whether cellphones cause cancer. We also included research on the fertility effects of cellphone radiation, since that was a concern many researchers in the field had.

Editor: Eliza Barclay Graphics: Javier Zarracina Copy editors: Tim Williams and Bridgett Henwood Special thanks: Mohsin Ali and Puru Panchal for their research assistance

Original Source -> Is your cellphone giving you cancer? A comprehensive guide to the messy, frustrating research.

via The Conservative Brief

[todaybharatnews]

via Today Bharat Commuters in Hyderabad may have a harrowing time travelling from one place to another as the city police has implemented massive traffic restrictions on Sunday and Monday, taking into consideration the Bonalu festival and the visit of the President and Vice-President. In order to facilitate the proper control and regulation of traffic in connection with the Bonalu festival celebrations on August 5 and August 6 at Mahankali Temple in Amberpet, the traffic police said that on the first day, ldquo;All district buses coming from Uppal towards Amberpet will be diverted at Uppal X road via Habsiguda - Tarnaka ndash; Adikmet ndash; Vidya Nagar ndash; Fever Hospital ndash; A Y Mandali ndash; Tourist Hotel Junction ndash; Nimboliadda ndash; Chaderghat and CBS.rdquo; They will also have to return via the same route. ldquo;City buses coming from Uppal to Amberpet will be diverted at Gandhi Statue towards C.P.L. Amberpet ndash; Saldhana Gate ndash; Amberpet T Junction ndash; Road No. 6 and the return route will be the same,rdquo; the police said. On August 6, more restrictions will be put in place as ldquo;city and district buses coming from Uppal towards Amberpet will be diverted at Uppal X roads towards Tarnaka - left turn- Adikmet, Kachiguda and Nimboliadda. The buses coming from Dilsukhnagar towards Amberpet will be diverted at Ali Cafeacute; towards Zinda Tilismath road ndash; Road No.6 ndash; Tilak Nagar or Nimboliadda.rdquo;nbsp; The police also said that buses coming from Nimboliadda will be diverted at Nimboliadda towards Tourist hotel, Fever Hospital, Vidya Nagar, Adikmet, Flyover, OU and Tarnaka. Meanwhile, the general traffic coming from Uppal towards Amberpet will be diverted at Royal Juice Corner, towards Mallikarjuna Nagar ndash; DD Colony and Syndicate Bank. The general traffic coming from Nimboliadda towards Amberpet will be diverted at Road no. 6, Amberpet towards Shivam road and Zinda Tilismath road. ldquo;The commuters who intend to go towards Amberpet are advised to co-operate with traffic police and use above mentioned alternative routes designated for them to avoid congestion,rdquo; an advisory stated. Meanwhile, restrictions will also be in place on August 5 and August 6 near Lower Tank Bund. ldquo;The commuters intending to proceed to RTC X roads - Indira Park - Katta Maisamma Temple and Dr Ambedkar Statue will be diverted at RTC X Roads towards Chikkadpally, Narayanguda Y Junction ndash; Liberty and Dr.Ambedkar Statue. The commuters intending to proceed to RTC X roads - Indira Park - Katta Maisamma Temple and Kavadiguda will be diverted at RTC X Roads towards Musheerabad and Kavadiguda,rdquo; the police said. The police also said that commuters proceeding to Iqbal Minar ndash; Telugu Talli Flyover ndash; Kattamaisamma ndash; RTC X Roads will be diverted at Iqbal Minar towards Telugu Talli ndash; Dr Ambedkar Statue ndash; Liberty ndash; Narayanguda Y Junction ndash; Chikkadpally and RTC X Roads while the commuters intending to proceed to Iqbal Minar ndash; Telugu Talli Flyover ndash; Kattamaisamma ndash; Lower Tankbund ndash; DBR Mills - Kavadiguda will be diverted at Iqbal Minar towards Telugu Talli and Upper Tankbund. ldquo;All citizens are requested to take alternate routes to their destinations and to avoid the above routes during the specified timings and co-operate with the Traffic Police during the period of traffic diversion as above,rdquo; the advisory added. Massive diversions in old city In Hyderabadrsquo;s old city area, traffic restrictions will be in place around the areas ofnbsp;Charminar, Mirchowk, Falaknuma and Bahadurpura between 12 pm and 11 pm on Monday. ldquo;The traffic coming from Chandrayangutta, Falaknuma will not be allowed towards Aliabad, while the traffic coming from Kandikal gate and Balagunj will not be allowed towards Lal Darwaza Temple road. The traffic coming from Meer-ka-Daira and Moghalpura will not be allowed towards Haribowli while commuters from Bhavani Nagar, Mirjumla Talab and Moghalpura will not be allowed towards Charminar. The police also said that all district buses from Telangana and Andhra will terminate at old CBS, Gowliguda Ram Mandir road, Darulshifa X Roads and Engine Bowli and will take alternate routes open to them. Find the full list of restrictions in Old City below. nbsp; Restrictions for VP visit Meanwhile, with Vice-President M Venkaiah Naidursquo;s visit to the city, the traffic police have put further restrictions in place. The police said that on Sunday, traffic restrictions will be in place all the way from the Begumpet airport to Road Number 12 in Banjara Hills, including areas such as HPS, Begumpet flyover, Greenlands junction, CM Camp Office, Panjagutta flyover, Srinagar Colony T Junction, KBR Park Junction and TRS Bhavan between 2 and 3 pm. In the evening, the restrictions will be in place between 4 and 5 pm, between Banjara Hills and the CSIR in Uppal. This includes routes along the KBR part junction, Srinagar Colony T Junction, Nagarjuna Circle, Greenlands flyover, HPS, Rasoolpura, Begumpet, Plaza X Road, YMCA flyover, Sangeeth X road, Rail Nilayam, Mettuguda and Tarnaka. Between 6 pm and 7 pm, traffic restrictions will be imposed along the same routes as the Vice President returns to his residence on Road Number 12 in Banjara Hills. On Monday, traffic will be diverted or blocked from Banjara Hills to Begumpet Airportnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; between 6:45 and 7:30 am. In a related development, there will be slight traffic restrictions due to the movement of President Ramnath Kovind, who arrived in the city on Saturday evening. From 9.45am to 10.45am on Sunday, traffic will be diverted or stopped from Raj Bhavan to Rashtrapathi Nilayam, while traffic restrictions will be in place near the EME Helipad between 10:30 am and 11 am. From 1:05 pm to 1:45 pm and 4:15 pm to 4:55 pm, traffic will be blocked or diverted between Begumpet airport and the Raj Bhavan as the President travels to and fro.nbsp;