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List Installed Packages On APT Distro. Sorting By Size.
dpkg-query -W -f '${Installed-Size;5} ${Package}\n' | sort -rn
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APT (Advanced Package Tool) is an accessible software user interface that works with core libraries to handle the installation and removal of software on Debian, Ubuntu, and other Linux distributions. Apt provides a simple, safe, and efficient way of managing software. APT simplifies managing software on Linux systems by automating the retrieval, configuration, and installation of software packages. This article introduces a new front-end for apt called Nala, which has many new features.
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random fun debian fact for tonight, if you got a .deb file and it won't install when you open it (or it shows what's inside instead), right click on it, go to properties => open with => select "Software install"
#i know this might sound silly or obvious but dont use dpkg or something for this#and it wasnt set by default
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在WSL Ubuntu 20.04 安裝中文包
WSL是微軟輕量化的子系統, 為的是讓開發人員能夠直接在 Windows 執行Linux相關的應用程式, 之前也介紹了不少WSL上面的應用, 今天則是要來教大家 在WSL Ubuntu 20.04 安裝中文包 在WSL執行一些應用程式有時候讀取或顯示中文會有問題, 就像底下圖片一樣, 這是執行meld 進行檔案比對的時候, 中文並未正常顯示 這是由於輕量化後的WSL 中沒有中文包的緣故, 所以需要自行安裝與設定 首先安裝中文語言包 sudo apt install language-pack-zh-hant 接著執行底下命令進行設定: sudo dpkg-reconfigure locales 選好數個要支援的語言: 此處選擇 en, zh_TW BIG5, zh_TW.UTF8 並在下一頁選擇預設的語言, 建議選擇 en 或者…
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#dpkg-reconfigure locales#fc-cache -f -v#fontconfig#language-pack-zh-hant#local.conf#WSL Ubuntu 20.04#WSL中文顯示#WSL顯示中文#zh_TW.UTF8#中文亂碼#安裝中文包
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Guess who just learned pop-os uses systemd and that grub wss only in there for legacy mode and so it could solidify my initial misremembering of which bootloader I had! I fucking hate working with computers why do I do this to myself.
Shit what the fuck just happened? Did Windows randomly decide to overwrite grub? Both my drives seem to have the Windows bootloader on now. I can't even access the EFI partition from Windows and I'm unable to boot into Linux now?
#after some messing around breaking dpkg I managed to get everything back to normal again#my current opinion on computers will have calmed down by like tuesday probably#linux
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The v22 installer fucked up so bad that it deleted dpkg and gave me COVID, care to explain yourself?
your mom
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Getting Undertale running on linux in 2024: a guide for those that cannot be assed on debian-based distributions
Step one: TRY.
this is for the humblebundle downloads only, unfortunately. i don't have + can't test the steam version. unzip. get into the folder. try good ol ./UNDERTALE on the runnable-looking thing. if that doesn't work, try chmod +x UNDERTALE and chmod +x game/runner for good measure and repeat.
if you managed that and it runs, congratulations!! YOU WON. otherwise:
Step two: SCREAM.
You probably got cryptic messages about stuff not being found when you caN SEE THEM RIGHT THERE. it's okay. it's an old game on an old engine. it's 32-bit. the messages don't help with diagnozing that but if it's THAT sort of message IT'S THE 32-BIT BULLSHIT. continue to step three.
Step three: 32-bit libs the easy part.
sudo apt install lib32z1 . try to run it again. restart if no change. now you're probably met with something MUCH more helpful and specific, like:
don't give up you're getting closer!!
Step four: 32-bit libs the bug-squashing part.
this one is annoying but you only have to do it once per machine i love you
okay, first, setup your machine for the 32-libs with
sudo dpkg --add-architecture i386 sudo apt update
^ you won't need to repeat this ever again. you're good. NOW. hunt down where the files you want are in your package directiories, depending on the distributions. I was missing libstdc++.so.6. it was in the package libstdc++6. notice the pattern. it's lowercase[number after 'so'] if you're on debian or ubuntu you'll probably only have to plug this pattern in and you're GOOD.
sudo apt install libstdc++6:i386
^ the colon part is important! that's the 32 bit bit.
wait for the install to finish, try to run the executable again and hunt down the next library . rinse and repeat until undertale kicks in and RUNS. THat's it!!! you're done, hopefully!!
the libraries I was personally missing were: libXxf86vm.so.1, libGL.so.1, libopenal.so.1, libXranr.so.2 and libGLU.so.1. I installed them from the packages libxxf86vm1:i386, libgl1:i386, libopenal1:i386, libxrandr2:i386 and libglu1:i386. all were conforming to the pattern earlier.
step five: undered. tal <3
okay now how to tag this when in two years I want to play undertale again on a new machine.
#undertale#tech#uhhh#linux#debian#ubuntu#im mostly just savinv this on a searchable blog for next time I want to explode over thishfakjhsfl
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I'm sick and tired of companies only providing deb packages it fucking sucks I now have to compile dpkg for Fedora of which isn't a problem for me, but I shouldn't need to do it
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-> How To See Contents of A .DEB Debian / Ubuntu Package File
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Setup Yubikey 2FA on Debian 11
So you want to harden security by enabling two-factor authentication using Yubikey.
WARNING: VERY REAL RISK OF LOCKING YOURSELF OUT! MAKE SURE YOU KNOW WHAT YOU'RE DOING AND HAVE BACKUPS!
This guide will set up the so-called Challenge Response OTP mode. The online mode which require access to internet + Yubikey registration is out of scope.
Read the whole guide and then proceed step by step.
In a separate terminal get root console and keep it open in case you need to rollback changes (don't do anything in it):
$ sudo -s
Install Yubikey personalization package:
$ sudo apt install yubikey-personalization
Install "libpam-yubico" package:
$ sudo apt install libpam-yubico
Configuration of the Yubico PAM module will be requested. Enter this (do not enable anything!):
mode=challenge-response
Check installed package contents (will be useful later):
$ dpkg -L libpam-yubico
The main document of interest is
/usr/share/doc/libpam-yubico/Authentication_Using_Challenge-Response.adoc.gz
Read it as this guide is heavily inspired on it.
Plug in your Yubikey now.
Setup the slot #2 of the Yubikey for the OTP challenge-response mode:
$ ykpersonalize -2 -ochal-resp -ochal-hmac -ohmac-lt62 -oserial-api-visible
This should generate a challenge-<digits> file in ~/.yubico/ directory.
This file is critical and should be protected.
$ chmod 600 ~/.yubico/challenge-<digits>
Return to libpam-yubico configuration and enable Yubikey support (first choice):
$ sudo dpkg-reconfigure libpam-yubico
Make sure the mode string is entered as shown above, asterisk is set next to Yubikey support and hit <Ok>.
Check PAM configuration:
$ cat /etc/pam.d/common-auth
You should see a line:
auth required pam_yubico.so mode=challenge-response
Now run the PAM update utility (read the man page):
$ sudo pam-auth-update
Open a new terminal and try running a sudo command:
$ sudo echo "It works!"
Enter your user password and notice green LED on the Yubikey lighting up. Remove the Yubikey, open another terminal and try to log in - it should fail.
You now have hardened system which requires two-factor authentication!
To troubleshoot issues, use the following mode line:
mode=challenge-response debug
Follow the same steps of the guide. Each sudo call will get a verbose log written to the console.
To uninstall, edit "/etc/pam.d/common-auth" to its previous state. Run pam-auth-update. Check log in works without a Yubikey.
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omg i FINALLY managed to change my desktop environment from unity back to GNOME!!
it was a super long and arduous process, because unbeknownst to me (well i may have subconsciously known but was ignoring it) the time i accidentally switched to unity i also switched from gdm3 to lightgdm and downloaded xubuntu and xfce on top of my regular ubuntu os and thought i'd reverted these changes but had not
and then i was trying to follow all these tutorials that were like "it's so easy, you just download gnome and then on log-in, you select gnome instead of unity" and i was like, okay, but there's nowhere to select gnome?! (turns out because my login screen was this lightgdm version that came with the xubuntu/xfce install so it didn't have this option; i had assumed the login screen just looked funny because it was unity)
if anyone else ends up with this very particular problem here's the trick: if you want to fully remove xubuntu/xfce, you need to switch from lightgdm to gdm3 by typing:
sudo dpkg-reconfigure gdm
into the command line.
Only then can you actually fully uninstall xubuntu/xfce in a way so that it's genuinely gone, and any tutorial for removing xubuntu/xfce that doesn't have the above gdm-switching line is only gonna lead to more frustration as you uninstall it over and over and keep restarting your computer only to see the xubuntu logo show up
(yes, i made all these changes by accident while having no understanding of what all those things were (still don't honestly); i actually accidentally switched to unity in a disastrous attempt to revert the xubuntu/xfce change and thought i had succeeded, oops... yeah, i am very technophobic)
anyway, this is huge for me, i have been suffering with os-weirdness for about a month now because i always had something coming up and didn't want to risk screwing up my os even more
#huge sigh of relief#trivalent's technology problems#i'm a millenial i swear i'm just technologically impaired
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...hey...you.. aeh.. aeh.. is it.. aeh.. possible.. aeh..your aeh.. heros aeh.. programmed the ... .. windows taskmanager? then #friendlytease #homage @debian @linux @cnet @techpowerup @wired @pcwelt @windowsdev why arentyou shocked your wlan password laysaround cleartext in linux there. etc network or networkmanager your wpa_supplicant too ////
…hey…you.. aeh.. aeh.. is it.. aeh.. possible.. aeh..your aeh.. heros aeh.. programmed the … .. windows taskmanager? then #friendlytease #homage @debian @linux @cnet @techpowerup @wired @pcwelt @windowsdev why arentyou shocked your wlan password laysaround cleartext in linux there. etc network or networkmanager your wpa_supplicant too //// p h e w for dpkg –force-all breaking module dependencies…
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Debcow: Optimización de Paquetes Debian para Sistemas de Archivos Copy-On-Write
El proyecto Debcow representa una innovación en la gestión de paquetes para Debian en sistemas de archivos Copy-On-Write (CoW) como Btrfs y Bcachefs. Al adaptar el gestor de paquetes DPKG para trabajar con “reflinks”, este método permite enlaces directos al contenido de los archivos en lugar de duplicarlos. Esto no solo ahorra espacio, sino que también acelera significativamente los tiempos de…
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Como Resolver o Erro "dpkg-deb: lzma error: compacted data is corrupt" no Debian 12 e Ubuntu
Se você está utilizando o Debian 12 ou Ubuntu e encontrou o erro relacionado ao dpkg-deb indicando que um pacote corrompido está impedindo a atualização do sistema, não se preocupe. Esse problema é relativamente comum e pode ser resolvido com alguns passos simples. Neste artigo, mostramos como corrigir o erro de forma eficiente. O Problema A mensagem de erro pode ser parecida com…
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How to Safely Free Up Space in the Boot Partition on Ubuntu
Key Takeaways To free up space in boot partition, you can use the “sudo apt autoremove” command or, with a specific package name, the “dpkg –purge” command. These commands can remove the old unused kernels to free space in the boot partition. You can use a graphical application like Synaptic for managing and deleting the old kernels. Using this tool, you can mark multiple kernel packages for…
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Hướng dẫn cài đặt Docker trên Ubuntu 22.04 chi tiết
Trong bài viết này, chúng ta sẽ cùng tìm hiểu cách cài đặt Docker trên Ubuntu 22.04, một công cụ mạnh mẽ và linh hoạt trong việc quản lý container. Docker giúp việc triển khai ứng dụng trở nên nhanh chóng, tiện lợi và tối ưu hóa tài nguyên. Nếu bạn đang sử dụng Ubuntu 22.04 và muốn thiết lập môi trường Docker để phát triển hoặc triển khai ứng dụng, hãy theo dõi hướng dẫn chi tiết dưới đây.
Giới thiệu về Docker CE
Docker CE (Community Edition) là một phiên bản mã nguồn mở của Docker, được thiết kế để dành cho cộng đồng người dùng và nhà phát triển. Đây là phiên bản Docker phổ biến nhất, phù hợp cho các dự án cá nhân hoặc các môi trường sản xuất quy mô nhỏ và trung bình.
Các tính năng chính:
Mã nguồn mở: Docker CE là một dự án mã nguồn mở, cung cấp quy��n truy cập vào mã nguồn của Docker, cho phép cộng đồng đóng góp, kiểm tra và cải thiện phần mềm.
Đa nền tảng: Docker CE hỗ trợ nhiều hệ điều hành, bao gồm Linux, Windows và macOS, giúp đảm bảo tính linh hoạt khi triển khai ứng dụng trên các môi trường khác nhau.
Containerization: Docker CE cho phép tạo ra các container độc lập, chứa đầy đủ môi trường cần thiết để chạy một ứng dụng, giúp tránh các xung đột về môi trường hoặc phụ thuộc khi triển khai.
Quản lý hình ảnh: Docker CE cung cấp khả năng tạo và quản lý các hình ảnh Docker. Mỗi hình ảnh là một bản sao của một ứng dụng cụ thể, bao gồm tất cả các phụ thuộc của nó.
Docker Hub: Docker CE tích hợp với Docker Hub, bạn có thể tải lên, chia sẻ và truy cập hàng ngàn hình ảnh từ cộng đồng.
Docker Compose: Docker CE đi kèm với Docker Compose, một công cụ cho phép định nghĩa và quản lý nhiều container như một dịch vụ duy nhất, giúp dễ dàng triển khai các ứng dụng phức tạp.
Orchestration: Hỗ trợ các tính năng quản lý và điều phối container, như Docker Swarm để quản lý nhiều container trên nhiều host.
Các bước cài đặt Docker trên Ubuntu 22.04
Mặc định gói cài đặt đã có sẵn trong repo của ubuntu, nhưng đó không phải là bản mới nhất. Dưới đây là cách để bạn tải Docker phiên bản mới nhất
Bước 1: Cập nhật hệ thống
sudo apt update
Bước 2: Cài đặt các gói phụ thuộc
sudo apt install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl software-properties-common
Bước 3: Thêm khóa GPG cho kho lưu trữ Docker
curl -fsSL https://download.Docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/Docker-archive-keyring.gpg
Bước 4: Thêm kho lưu trữ Docker vào nguồn APT
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/Docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.Docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/Docker.list > /dev/null
Bước 5: Cập nhật lại danh sách gói
sudo apt update
Bước 6: Kiểm tra kho lưu trữ Docker
apt-cache policy docker-ce
Bước 7: Cài đặt Docker phiên bản mới nhất
sudo apt install docker-ce
Bước 8 (Nếu cần): Nếu bạn muốn user mà bạn đăng nhập sử dụng Docker chứ không chỉ mỗi tài khoản root
sudo usermod -aG docker ${USER}
Kiểm tra sau khi cài đặt Docker trên Ubuntu 22.04
Sau khi cài đặt Docker CE xong ta cũng cần kiểm tra xem Docker đã chạy chưa và đang dùng version bao nhiêu
sudo systemctl status docker
sudo docker version
Tổng kết
Docker CE tích hợp Docker Compose, Dockerfile, và nhiều công cụ khác để cung cấp một giải pháp toàn diện cho việc quản lý container. Với Docker CE, bạn có thể dễ dàng tạo, triển khai, và quản lý các ứng dụng container hóa, đồng thời tận dụng sự hỗ trợ mạnh mẽ từ cộng đồng. Điều này giúp cho Docker CE trở thành lựa chọn hàng đầu cho các nhà phát triển, nhóm phát triển nhỏ, và cả những người mới bắt đầu tìm hiểu về công nghệ container.
Nguồn: https://suncloud.vn/cai-dat-docker-tren-ubuntu
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