#does 4cm even make a difference

[shukakumoodboard]

a headcanon from each of the levels you just reblogged for gaalee

oh my GOD this is a top quality anonymous question op ur da BEST. yammertime. ofc since these are all for a non-canonical ship they're all deranged sparkle emoji but i digress.

for anyone who is like wtf here's the post i reblogged.

text under the cut!

level one:

one that purveyors of gaalee are very familiar with in fanon lore but i believe this to fit in nicely with canon while filling gaps: gaalee friendship developed predominantly via letter writing. reasons why i think this fits with canon 1) gaara manages to develop solid friendships with a lot of people in konoha with what is visually very little actual in-person interaction time. it stands to reason that there's behind the scenes friendship development. 2) he's the president at fourteen like he does not have time to spend on wandering the local mall like a lot of us oldmanyaois did to build our social circles, plus, he's got access to allllll the military communications options. and hawks are fast 3) we know there are multiple canonical messenger hawks! and their whole purpose is cross village communiques. of course they're all sending notes lets b so fr rn

level two:

height difference: lee is, in my head, taller than the canon suggests, and gaara is shorter. reasoning: ok look you've all seen this panel and you're telling me gaara ends up only like 4cm shorter than lee? Go To Jail

yes yes we can all discuss how they're all mid teens and have growing time but listen. gaara spent his entire childhood being effectively mentally tortured by shukaku and also his village's effective abandonment. do you think he had a well balanced diet? if we want to get scientific there's several studies that discuss how poor nutrition in childhood leads to lifelong consequences, and just because kishimoto didn't address this doesn't mean I Won't thank u. and i haven't even gotten started on the not-sleeping-thing. conversely, lee's probably been on Max Gains Training Diet since he was like. what, 10? tldr, i'm simply massaging their canonical heights in favour of what Actually Makes Sense Fucka You

i have another one for lee i think fits in this level that many of you may know from my magnus opus fight club: lee is--whether certified or not--definitely qualified to be a physiotherapist, and i think he'd volunteer at the hospital helping patients with mobility related injuries. reasoning: PLEASE in order to be a brilliant taijutsu specialist he has to have like the most intimate understanding of how the body works. that's his whole area of expertise. and i think that even post-op as a sand-squished teen he would have needed tons of therapy, and rock "paragon of virtue and chivalry and whatever" lee would absolutely feel like he needed to provide some sort of assistance to the hospo staff and help the other patients. because that's what a good shinobi would do. dattebayo

level 3:

yall know what time it is its LANGUAGE HEADCANON TIME based on, once again, all of @sagemoderocklee's fantastic lore. i think lee speaks 3, which for me are a) some form of shinobi common b) whatever the land of fire's local is, and c) something unique to team gai that's heritage based. in tgod i call it nishitsuchigo. i think gaara speaks [large number] on account of being mr sand president sir and thus becoming to some extent a diplomat, plus all those night awake? polyglot challenge speedrun. and the gaalee aspect of this is that gaara can speak all three that lee knows, so they can use that heritage based one to talk shit about their coworkers what who said that.

gaara's hugely into gardening. i think this is a fact in the databooks and we all know the screencap where he's holding the flowerpot but extending on this into truly fan-created lore i think he's definitely overhauling all of suna's food supply chains by going ham on greenhouses and very precise water allocations etc etc

lee grows his hair out after neji's death. this one is, again, well distributed across fandom because everyone, of course, is right relieved emoji. but ignoring bort entirely, lee would definitely do something to honour his friend/teammate, and i think that would be something like growing his hair out, since i don't think he'd change his style of dress and he can't learn neji's jutsu. and he's had long hair before. bring it back kishi u bastard

level 4 delusions:

theyre married. what do you mean im delulu

metal, if i am acknowledging bort which most of the time i am not, is their biological child. no i am not explaining how. my metal origin theory changes based on the fic i'm writing. currently its rock lee's tboy swag porn extension fic. hooHA. but this one only applies to when there's kids present--most of the time there aren't kids in my head

lee and temari swap diplomat roles to be emissaries for each other's villages as part of a Siq Deal to be with their respective husbandos

lee would 100% teach taijutsu to suna's academy students. why? because i said so

basically all my other headcanons tbh

omg i had so much fun with this thank you anon! <3

[hairextendau]

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[otome--gokoro]

Toyotomi Hideyoshi Artbook Info Translation

Toyotomi Hideyoshi: The Miracle of Sengoku

Warm and kind, he’s capable of blending seamlessly into any social situation. But sometimes, he looks sad�� What is he hiding behind his kindness?

PROFILE Personality: Playful, mood maker Birthday: 17th March Height: 175cm Weight: 68kg Skill: Negotiation Favorite food: Bekkou-ame Dream: To live in peace and serve a talented lord

SECRET INFO He’s super popular with women wherever he goes, but even though he’s not that short, he has a complex about his relatively smaller build. When he and MC were playing with sparklers, he hugged her from behind and confessed that he had been inflating his height all along and pretending that he was 179cm tall.

ILLUSTRATOR COMMENT A character who was redesigned from scratch. It probably doesn’t need to be said, but the base for his image was a monkey. He was required to have big ears, and I completed his design with short hair and a kind face.

@shigetsugu @koudaiin

[previous translations: Kageie, Shigezane]

UPDATE: there is this weird thing that’s happening when people reblog these posts - sometimes it cuts off after the first paragraph, so the profile/secret info/illustrator comment doesn’t show up. i have no idea why :(

[theoverly]

Height-Canon

For the four main characters in my Cyberpunk 2077 world, according to my headcannon, in order of first appearance in the story as told by the game(poor Vince is last because he’s not in my cannon playthrough of the game, lol)

Valerie “V” Valentine

1.86m (always wear boots that make her taller)

Johnny SIlverhand

1.86m (often slouching so he looks shorter, wear boots that make him taller)

Kerry Eurodyne

1.81cm 1.75cm (often wear boots that make him taller)

Vincent “Vince” Valentine

1.89m (always slouching so he looks shorter)

Fun height related facts and some info under the cut;

V and Vince have proportionally long legs;

So they look shorter when they sit down

V and Vince were the exact same height for their entire childhood and most of their teen years;

This is because they were born as identical twins

Vince has always been slouching, even as a kid. This was mostly because he was more timid and laid-back, whilst V tended to be more brash and assertive

At around seventeen years old, one of the twins started taking hormones. This is around the same time V stopped growing, and Vince kept growing another 4cm

V and Johnny are the same height;

Johnny stops slouching as much so V doesn’t appear taller than him, and luckily he wears those heeled boots that give him an extra cm or two so he’s still the same height when she wears her favorite boots

She goes and buys even taller boots just to spite him. They’re thrown out after just a day since she has trouble walking in them

If V and Johnny were to ask someone to measure them to see who’s tallest, they’d both try to stretch as tall as they can, and probably even cheat a little by trying to lift their heels off the ground.

Kerry likes to tease Johnny, claiming he feels threatened by V, claiming that’s why he does everything to never appear shorter than her

But since he’s always slouching and Kerry’s often wearing boots whilst Vince tends to wear sneakers and slouch, the height difference don't appear to be quite that much

Vince is 8cm 14cm taller than Kerry;

Kerry didn’t see Vince standing up at his full height for quite some time after they first met, so he got a bit of a shock when it first happened

Even after they get together, Kerry tends to forget just how much shortet he is, some mornings when they get up and Vince stretches to his full height for a moment, the rockstar does a double take.

Kerry tries to correct the nomad’s posture a lot of the time. It usually works for a couple of minutes at a time

[heathered-beinn]

BTS American Hustle Life Ep7

BTS are in LA to learn about hip hop. Episode 6 was really fun to watch – probably one of the best episodes so far. We saw the final bits of filming for the music video before Warren G decided which team had won. The winner was the only person who didn’t look ready to “mess themselves” getting within a foot of a woman, which was J-Hope. So J-Hope and Jin deservedly won a prize. The bands’ next challenge was to find ‘their master’ and learn some new skills. Jin and J-Hope learned beatboxing, RM and Jimin learned some bboying, and Suga, V, and Jungkook learned some RnB (and gospel). At the end of the ep, the teams had a little competition between themselves to show off their new skills. RM and Jimin ended up losing (slightly unfairly) which saw them getting pied in the face – which, I’m not going to lie, was hilarious.

Hopefully episode 7 will be just as fun to watch.

So, we start off with the band arriving at an outdoor basketball court. Three guesses as to who they think is their best basketball player and the first two guesses don’t count lol. Of course it’s Suga.

So Tony played basketball in college and is 2m 4cm in height. Yeah, I don’t rate BTS’s odds lol! Ahhaha, BTS’ rock paper scissors game has rubbed off on Tony and Nate but they are definitely not as fast at it as the band!

LOL, so Tony picked Jungkook first, then Jimin (I think Tony has a soft spot for him although I can’t put my finger on why I think that just yet). Poor RM is the last to be picked and ends up being the referee-commentator. Team Tony: Jungkook, Jimin, J-Hope Team Nate: Suga, V, and Jin

My money is on Team Tony winning and Nate’s team buying the icecream.

Oh sweet J-Hope is… hopeless lol. Suga is a star as expected <3

I think Suga and Tony are scoring most of the points lol. Aww J-Hope actually scored!!!!! And what a celebration!

Ooooooooooooh it was epically close but Tony’s team won by a point! Ice cream is on Nate’s team. BTS once again sharing ice creams. This sharing spit still blows my mind, it’s awesome.

So they’ve been in LA for 17 days and they don’t have much longer to go. Something special has been prepared for them (I doubt it’s going to be a nice surprise) and yet again they get woken up early. Aww they look so sleepy… poor things. Into the limos they go and they’re in different teams. We’re clued in that they are all going to try ‘working’. Called it. This isn’t a nice surprise.

RM and Suga end up in a hotel and they’ve got to join the housekeeping team for the day and clean rooms. Their supervisor, Candy, it not letting any mistake slip by lol.

Those sheets can’t have wrinkles or smudges! LOL at RM saying he should have been given one of the younger band members so he could have made them clean the bathroom. At least he was gallant and volunteered to stay doing the rooms (which Candy said was harder) and let Suga go to the kitchen to wash dishes.

Aww Jimin and Jungkook are a team. I wonder where they will be working...? Ahahahaha Jimin warning Jungkook that those teamed with him end up suffering. Let’s hope it’s not too bad Jimin.

They end up at an airfield where there are lots of small planes and jets. They are kind of full of wonder and it’s a shame they are going to find out it’s not going to be fun at all. Hehe, their little faces when they learn they have to clean. Their attempt at it is a bit silly though lol.

Jin, J-Hope, and V are out at the mariner and they have to clean a boat. Lol that guy sure does make them work!

Jimin and Jungkook have been ‘talked to’ because they made a tiny error and Jungkook’s sassy response killed me; “When we leave, I want to tell that ajusshi to live while cleaning up the place one in a while.”

LMAO the two of them are going to be supervised while cleaning a plane by a 14 year old! LOL at the air-field owner’s slight panic at Jimin not quite understanding what he was saying about the cleaning fluid and telling him to listen to Jungkook - just about killed me. Then the 14 year old teasing Jimin that Jungkook was younger and doing a better job than him and then ragging on him for the rest of the job. Jimin, bless him, kept his humour but I got the sense he wanted to shove that cloth somewhere other than the inards of a dirty plane. OMG, the airfield owner actually put the two of them in time-out like they were naughty toddlers... *facepalm*. They take it in relatively good humour but it’s interesting that, while Jimin is washing his face, Jungkook says Jimin is probably mad as he usually gets mad about this sort of stuff. While I don’t doubt that Jimin has a temper I do wonder what their version of ‘mad’ is because they tend to laugh as they complain? Never have I seen one of them raise an angry voice yet. See! Jimin is even laughing as he says he wants to hit the 14 year old’s head on the way out. I bet mad in BTS world is them saying something mildly passive aggressive while not laughing uproariously.

Back to Suga and he’s trying to find the kitchen. LMAO when he tries valiantly to explain what he’s looking for in bad broken English and the woman tells him she speaks Korean. He gets to work without much complaint and does rather well. He even gets to eat. Meanwhile RM is up in the rooms all by himself lol.

Hehe, Jin, V, and J-Hope lying to RM and Suga that they are on a yacht eating lobster while in reality they are varnishing. Lol at V saying RM doesn’t do much and Suga orders everyone around so he’s glad to be with Jin and J-Hope when they are cleaning. He also says he enjoys that they talk a lot – Jungkook supposedly gets quiet when he’s on shows and on camera. Then V disses Jin by saying he’d rather be in a team with J-Hope alone.

LMAO at Jungkook telling Jin Jimin’s getting chewed out by a 14 year old!

J-Hope laughing his ass off when Jungkook tells them they’re in time-out.

Just Jimin going for the thigh while he laments that people always suffer when paired with him…

Aww, Jimin got less money at the end of their job and said the manager probably didn’t like him, which Jungkook was smug about. The helicopter thing where the manager took them up about a metre above the ground before landing again and telling them to get out was funny but also mean.

RM finally got some food and he and Suga got paid, yay!

Jin, V, and J-Hope got paid too.

So RM and Suga made $550, Jimin and Jungkook made $500 and Jin, V, and, J-Hope made $450 (suspiciously $50 different each time, do I smell a set-up?). RM and Suga win!

What’s going to happen to the money? Tony says it’s going to feed people on Skid Row – great lessons to teach the band; generosity, charity, and humility. The lads look scared and suitably sad as they drive up skid row and see all the homeless tents and the extent of poverty there.

They get some great advice as they hand out food – there are a lot decent folk on Skid Row who just bummed out of luck and ended up on the streets. I like the advice that one guy gave them about ‘not taking things for granted. You can be poor one day and rich the next and with then with no warning go back to being poor again.’

So that was the episode. I liked the bit at the end but to be honest it was really not my favourite episode of the series. I think it would have been better if they had pre-warned the band they would be working so they would have been prepared to try their hardest and wouldn’t have treated it like a game. At the end of it they would have walked away with a deeper feeling of achievement. I also think if they had worked really hard, thinking there was they’d earn a reward for the concert, and then had to give up the money for food for the homeless it would have made the message at the end hit even harder. But it was what it was and I’m sure the lads got something out of it.

Right, one episode left and it looks like the main feature of it is their LA concert. Can’t wait!

[fineartminerals]

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[ticktockstuck]

Versal Biology Lesson: Shards

Across the many worlds of the Verse there exist many different types of person: the gelatine, the serpentine, those with fire inside and outside of their bodies, and the hardy shards just to describe a few. “Shards of glass”, whose number includes underground 🐬Moistystopian🐬 streamer Cirava Hermod and the aristocratic Lalonde twins of Tick-Tock Town, are so named thanks to their bodies having a highly similar build to thick inanimate glass. This anatomical quirk has its upsides and its downsides for any given shard and can take form in many different ways.

A shard’s skin is highly protective. The bodies of shards are infamous for their skin, which is denser than the skin of a non-shard’s skin. Along with just being thicker the skin is flawlessly smooth, cool to the touch, often has a glossy or metallic sheen, and in the vast majority of individuals the skin is at least partly transparent. This transparency not only allows light to partly pass through them, but leaves much of their internal anatomy visible to the naked eye. Combined, these qualities have the effect of making shards highly durable and protected from many everyday dangers, with many circumstances that would give non-shards cuts or bruises will literally only scratch the surface of a shard (especially true of bladed or slashing weapons like claws or knives.

Shards’ bodies have three types of glass skin. As a consequence of being more durable, glass skin is inherently less flexible than non-shard skin. It’s still skin, so it can bend slightly, but not without effort and physical strain. To circumvent this, shard bodies have three different types of skin which collectively gives their bodies an optimal balance of natural defense and maneuverability.

The most flexible of the three skins is aptly nicknamed “flexiglass”. While still dense enough to ward off claws and knives, flexiglass is the least dense of the three skins but provides all joints the full range of motion available to non-shards. Flexiglass parts of the body are anywhere that needs to frequently bend or twist, namely the neck, shoulders, elbows, and knees.

The sturdiest but least flexible skin is “hard glass”, which makes up the majority of a shard’s body. Consisting of any area which does not need to make major movements, hard glass areas of the body include the back of the head, the chest, the back, and non-joint parts of limbs such as the thigh or forearm.

The middle ground between these two skins is called “twainglass” since it posses the durability of hard glass and the flexibility of flexiglass (though not to the fullest extent in either quality). Twainglass parts of the body consist of anything which needs ease of movement but also needs adequate protection, namely the face, hands, feet, and pelvis.

To be clear, these are not different layers of skin; on a technical level shards have a single layer of skin (like everybody else) that simply has three different compositions based on which part of the body it covers. The shift from one composition to another is gradual, though that gradient isn’t visibly apparent. The body of a shard is coated in thin grooves which divide these different areas of skin (scientifically these are termed “microfractures” but colloquially known as “fracks”), which are at most 4cm deep. By having the gradation between skin types occur below the surface within these grooves, the body is able to maximize the surface area coverage for any given type of skin. Fracks take many shapes and serve as identifying marks since any individual shard’s fracks all take the same shape.

Shards can be many colors and transparencies. While the majority of shards have “colorless” skin that takes on a crystal-blue hue many others have a variety of vivid colors from gold to magenta or even black or white. Different shards likewise can be more or less transparent than another, including fully opaque shards with a metallic chrome gleam to their skin (who have the self-granted nickname “jewels”). Any given shard’s skin color has no correlation to the color of their blood, and as an example it’s entirely possible for a troll shard to have golden glass skin but fuchsia blood. The skin’s color can change over time or be temporarily altered through the use of cosmetics, lotions or creams allowing the skin to absorb chemicals to dye it (though this effect fades after 3-4 weeks and can negatively impact their health over long enough periods).

An individual shard can be many colors and transparencies. A shard’s body isn’t restricted to only a single level of transparency or a single hue, and can display multiple types of either feature. In terms of color, multiple colors will blend together in a smooth gradient (there are no hard stops outside of a visual line with fracks) and while most multi-hued shards only have 2-3 colors spread around the body some rare others have been seen with upwards of 5 unique colors. Transparency gradation is comparatively rarer than color gradation but operates on similar principles. Color, regardless of hue, is only an aesthetic different and has no significant impact on the defensive properties of the glass skin. Transparency differences have a negligible impact, with more transparent sections being evidently more fragile than opaque section.

Shards can still be wounded. While glass skin helps prevent injury, it’s not impervious and there are ways that shards can be hurt. High-pressure impacts and blunt force trauma are particularly capable of cracking or breaking the skin; this include sudden falls onto hard surfaces, enforced punches, hammers, and in certain situations gunfire can manage to deal lasting damage (mainly dependent on how it fires bullets and the range they’re fired from). Once damage gets bad enough to break through the surface, it quickly becomes apparent how shards’ glass skin is a double-edged sword: injuries may be harder to acquire but any injuries they do get are much worse. The skin cracks with the wound running deep into the body and that wound can take weeks to heal over completely. It won’t heal over cleanly, either, partly thanks to scar tissue forming underneath the skin and partly due to a visible “ring” that forms on the surface marking where the edge of the wound used to be.

Medical treatments for shards are not simple. While shards are known to have superb health in general, the nature of the skin impacts what kinds of medical treatments shards can have. Anything that can be ingested works normally, the problem of giving an injection without struggle has long since been solved with specialized syringes and patches, but traditional surgeries (that don’t cause more complications than they solve) have been functionally impossible for generations. Many shards with internal issues have had to rely on magical medicine to cure their maladies, a process which (considering how selfishly magic tends to be hoarded around the Verse) is financially costly and necessitates seeking out a specialist. The need to ensure they can reliably find help has, over generations, led to many shards taking up magical professions (medical or otherwise). Modern technology is slowly finding ways to reliably and safely treat shards but in their current state those methods are as expensive and arguably riskier than the magical options.

Shards can be as tall, short, thin, fat, or muscular as anybody else. The unique qualities of their skin don’t significantly alter how a shard’s internal anatomy works, and their organs and skeletal structures function the same as any other member of their species. The ability to gain or lose muscle and fat is not hindered, and at best the skin only affects how fat and muscle is distributed around the body and how that physically shows on their figure. Specifically, it usually works out that instead of softer builds shards have stocky or sturdy builds that ultimately reinforce the already-noted defensive upsides of their body. It should be noted that, as a consequence of being denser than non-shard skin, the glass skin itself adds to a shard’s weight such that a shard would weigh a handful of pounds heavier than a non-shard with the exact same shape.

Shards tend to have short hair. The physique of a shard isn’t impacted by their skin but their hair is. Thanks to how pores manifest on glass skin, your average shard has less body hair but what does exist grows short, grows thick, or both (i.e. hair on the head rarely grows past neck-length). There is no effect on what color a shard’s hair can be though it often appears darker thanks to the thickness of the hair itself. One notable quirk specific to shards is that some can have hair as transparent as the skin, an effect that’s difficult to spot at a distance for multiple reasons and is only really visible upon closer inspection. See-through hair is a trait shards can pass down to their children (shard or otherwise).

If you have questions about shards that weren't answered in this post, the the inquiries office is always open. The next VBL will likely be covering star-skinned folks like a certain Harley and Kanaya, and released before that Harley and Jake's revamped sprites go up.

[stephfights]

Round 3...and it’s kicking my ass

Well I have made it to the halfway point of the first block of chemo.  Number 3.  As far as the actual day of chemo...it wasn’t to bad.  It went much smoother than round #2 went.  My wonderful nurses were prepared for anything that might happen and had a great game plan before I even got there.  I love my nurses!

I had to have another round of magnesium since the diarrhea had crashed my levels.  They also gave me Benadryl and a steroid thru the port.  If you want some good sleep....liquid Benadryl!  After all of that then they got started on the 4 different chemo bags.  They ran it super slow and everything went as planned.  No problems.  It took a lot longer but it’s not like I had anywhere else to go.  I do feel bad for Chris and my mom.  They just have to sit for hours.  I know it is so boring and the chairs are uncomfortable.  Makes me feel guilty for complaining. 

The next 2 days I don’t remember a lot about.  As I have said before I am on a ton of different medications to combat all of the side effects of the chemo and some of them make me super sleepy.  Day #3 post chemo my bones were hurting so bad that I thought I would die.  Chris has to give me a shot 24 hours after chemo to boost my bones into overdrive to start making white blood cells.  The side effect is bone pain.  And there is nothing you can do for bone pain.  Tylenol and pain meds are used for muscle pain.  So all you can do is suffer.  It doesn’t matter if you sit or lay.  It hurts.  It feels like someone has your femur and is literally pulling it apart at both ends.  My legs, hips and ribs hurt me so bad.  And again....all Chris and my mom could do is watch.  (There comes that guilt creeping up again)

Day #4 post chemo I woke up in horrible pain in my groin and thighs.  I had a burn like rash.  And it hurt like a bitch!  Chris called the Dr and they said to go to my local urgent clinic and let them look at it.  So Mom wrapped me up and slapped a mask on me and off we went  They were so nice.  Turns out your body naturally produces yeast.  The chemo made my immune system bottom out so the yeast started growing out of control.  It was a yeast rash.  And it was horrible.  They gave me meds and fixed me right up.  It is still there but much better today.  Just another wonderful example of what chemo does to your body.

Day #5....here comes my arch nemisis diarrhea.  It is worse this time than any time before.  It is painful and humiliating.  And I can’t get away from it.  I take all the meds and when I top out I usually get a few hours of rest...then it starts again.  It does not matter what I eat or drink.  It’s going to happen.  Today is day #6 and it is showing no sign of slowing down.  At least mom and Chris are at work so they get a break from me.  Dad is here now.

Feb 10 I have an appointment with a genetic specialist.  They want to test me to see if I carry the breast cancer gene.  It scares me to think that I might.  I try not to worry about it and focus on one day at a time but that is hard.  I try to smile and be happy and tell everyone that I’m okay.  But the truth is....sometimes I’m not okay.  I am still angry about the situation I am in.  I still have days that I think this is so unfair.....especially to my family and friends.  I have days that I wonder why I am going thru all of this when there is no guarantee that it will work.  But then I get good news.  They measured the invasive tumor at my last chemo appointment and it has went from 6cm to 4cm.  My body is responding to the treatments.  Everyone is so excited.  Of course I am happy too.  But I am afraid to let myself get too excited until this is all over. 

Sorry to be such a downer but I want everyone to know all the different sides of this journey.  It is not just vomiting and weight loss that you always hear about with chemo.  It is SO much more.  Things I didn’t even know could happen.  Things I was not prepared for. But...I’m still kicking.  Not very high but I am still kicking.  Feb 11 will be chemo treatment #4 and I dread it.  I really do. 

Love to all

Steph

[yilanoff]

Advices about drawing #5

Sketch is not a problem!

If the sketch it's difficult for you, do not start shading. When the base is bad, the shading will not fix anything.

Sketch is the key! Start with the general to the detail. First, draw more or less where the face is, how your arms and hair fall. Then start refining. Mark where your eyes, nose, mouth and ears are. Which way the hair is going. At this stage, you can mark some folds of clothing. Now we go into details.

Ok! but even if I have already drawn these things, I still have a problem with drawing this eye!

The first way!

We can make a small scam. We use our short-term memory. We apply sheet close to the photo or under the printed photo. And we quickly look at the photo and on the piece of paper, on the photo and piece of paper. Doing it quickly, you can say that you will "see" the fragment you were looking at on your sheet of paper. Of course, this is a short-lived impression. But if you will slowly draw it, even if you notice that the line will run away, you can easily direct it. This technique is used by the forger of works of art Mark Landis (Art & Craft). Ps. I love this guy. He is my master!

The second way!

Is to measure with a pencil, ruler or stick. We put it on the photo, measure it and transfer it to a piece of paper (eg in the picture the eye is 2cm wide, so on the sheet should also have it). Unless we use a scale then we increase or decrease the measure (eg in the picture is 2cm but I draw a large portrait so I'm doing it a 2x bigger so it's 4cm. And the other way).

The third way!

Is the grid. You draw a grid in the picture and the same on a piece of paper. When you have to redraw small fragments it is easier. I use this technique when moving a sketch onto a canvas or a large sheet. And the scale can also be used here.

The fourth way!

Is truly devilish! So, redrawing by the light source. Through the glass, backlit screen or tracing from the monitor. I know that many people do not recommend this for beginners, but honestly this is the fastest way. I don't hide that I do it myself because it does not take much time and I don't have it much. (Only that I have already mastered the basics of drawing). I think that even Leonardo da Vinci himself would use this method if he had a printer or an computer XD. I know the artist who uses the projector to move sketches on canvas but the paintings he paints are huge so I can not imagine if he had to do it differently. So to everyone! I'm just telling you that this is the way, but you have to choose.

Every way is good if it's works ;) It is important to mark large shadows on the sketch (I mark the area and write X on it to avoid making mistakes). You can omit drawing eyelashes (unless they are really thick), freckles, etc. Such small things can disturb the first stage of drawing. Only when you have a good sketch start the shading.

[irastayshome]

Heck of a month

So, since the last depressing post on this, my husband’s received news that his cancer had spread to his brain and spine, finally agreed to go for immunotherapy, deteriorated shortly after because of brain swelling from the tumor, brought him to a&e n had brain surgery to remove a 4cm tumor, underwent a sticky period of recovery dealing with side effects of the new opioids they have him on, completely abandoned all intentions of following an ‘álternative’ path for healing, and a month and a few kilos later, he’s able to wean off the opioids and is gaining strength. I know he does not want to say it, neither do i, for fear of jinxing things up. But hope is not some kinda magical thinking now. 

They say cancer doesn’t just happen to the sick person. It happens to his entire family. Cancer certainly ‘happened’ to us, in ways I had not anticipated. It illuminated to me an entire village that supported me and my children as we tried to keep up with the dizzying ride. One thing I know for sure now - family is who you choose, and who sticks by you no matter what.

What they don’t tell you either, is that its not all about savouring every moment with the loved one and talking about the meaning of life. It hardly ever happens, unless the body and the mind accepts that they are actively dying. And in an ideal world, perhaps, cancer would have been that kick needed to look back at one’s life and pick apart the things that truly matter from the ridiculous. But I guess we do not live in a film. In real life, the problems that irritate you and your marriage, will STILL irritate the two of you. As things start to return to normal, or whatever normal looks like now, we all want to forget the intensity of emotions when we thought we had to abandon hope soon. The brain wants to forget, always. But the heart never does. I had gotten used to the idea that my husband is willingly choosing the path that would take him away from me and his children, after many nights of tears and prayers, holding his body from afar as he sleeps, and staying awake envisioning how raising our boys would look like without him. And now, its as if im not grateful that he appears to be gaining strength. My mind needed a moment to shift from ‘’we’re running out of time together’ to ‘’its time to buckle up for the long journey ahead’’. Both states of mind asked for very different energies from me and the children.  

I know recovery is not pretty, and it certainly follows its own timeline. But I wish, somehow, the doctors, or even my husband, knew where he is on that timeline. Because I am already exhausted, trying to be a mother and a father to the kids, trying to support my husband in his recovery any way that I can, trying to deal with the day to day matters that scream for my attention. Yet the moment I cry out for a little bit of help from his family, the wolves came forward. Trying to tear apart the fragile stability we’re trying to get at here, by putting ideas into his head that he would do better to heal at his mother’s place than our family home. But despite the deep anger and hurt this ignited in me, nothing hurt more than to hear my husband say that he could see how this works well for everyone. “So you don’t have to be so tired all the time... so the kids can get your attention.. ”. It’s funny how he’s never cared about these two things when he was free of cancer. But I tell myself, he has tumors.. don’t take to heart everything he says. That’s what the social worker and oncologist said too. But they don’t know my husband like I do. Nobody does.. not his brothers, his colleagues, his friends, his children, not even his mother - though she would strongly disagree. Ive seen him at his best, and now his worst. And I know I should not take to heart when a person with stage 4 cancer says he wants to run back to his family. But we are his family too. He chose to make this family. He made so many promises of a long life with me, and chose to bring 2 boys into this world with me. It hurts. To know that when he thought he was dying, he did not want to have us surround him. I know pain, deep pain, makes it difficult for one to consider any other perspective of those around us. I never expected to feel so selfish and yet so justified in that feeling of anger towards him. 

I don’t know how he’ll be by the end 2022, or even WHERE he will be. But i’ve finally accepted that if he wants to run away to his family despite all his responsibilities and his 2 very young, innocent boys waiting here with his wife, I’m not going to stop him. In our marriage, the one thing he has taught me, over all our arguments, is that I have got this. All those moments where he’d abandon both me and the kids when he was angry and just check out of being the head of the family, i’ve gotten a hang of the ropes. In a way, he has taught us to live without him. Perhaps he knows this too, which is why he’d rather be with his ‘’people’’, who now feel they have something to prove by wanting to take care of him, than live with the guilt of having us take care of him. And if he makes it, i’m happy for him. Truly. But i’ll just be over here then, consoling his children who will be wondering why their father chose to leave them and whether it was their fault or mine that made him leave. Like i said, one heck of a month. 

[livingcorner]

How to Grow Peas – Sugar Snap Peas Variety

Growing Peas

Peas are well-suited to cooler temperate climates. In fact, when temperatures exceed 20C (70F), most varieties of peas will stop producing pods.

You're reading: How to Grow Peas – Sugar Snap Peas Variety

Peas are part of the legume (Latin Leguminosae) family of vegetables, which extract nitrogen from the air and store it in little nodules along their roots. For this reason, when the plants finish cropping, dig the roots directly into the soil, where they will slowly decompose and release  nitrogen for other plants to use

Where to Grow Peas

Peas will grow on most soils, although they prefer a medium well-dug soil with plenty of organic material. Do not add nitrogen to the soil before planting (or after) – peas extract nitrogen from the air sufficient for the needs. An over-rich soil will cause lots of leafy growth, but a reduced cop of peas. Peas like moisture, so do not plant too near walls or fences.

A sunny area is best, although peas are tolerant of partial shade, especially if the shade occurs during the hottest part of the day. Maincrop peas are tall leggy plants (1.8 m / 6 ft), and they can easily be damaged if planted in areas exposed to high wind.

Remember that the taller varieties will cast quite a shadow over any other crops nearby. A good plan is to use the space around the pea plants for smaller shade-tolerant plants vegetables – radishes are an excellent choice.

When to Grow

By sowing a couple of varieties over a month or so, the cropping can be extended from mid-June to mid-September. The table below shows when to sow each type and when they will crop.

  Type                        Sow                   Harvest               Sow to Harvest First Early           March to June    June to September           12 weeks Second Early       March to June      June to October              14 weeks Maincrop             March to June      July to October               15 weeks

For crops in May, sow First Early varieties outside in February under cloches or supported plastic. It is best to have the cloches / plastic over the soil in January to warm it up prior to sowing. Remove the cloches / plastic when the danger of hard frost has passed – around April time.

Sowing Peas

You can sow peas in modules or pots indoors for planting out later. A popular and satisfying way to sow is in plastic guttering. Fill the gutter with seed compost and sow your seeds 5cm apart. When it’s time to plant out simply slide the compost, peas and all into a prepared seed bed. Your peas will remain at the correct spacing with minimal disturbance to the plant.

Tip: Water the compost well before sliding into your planting trench, it helps bind it all together.

Outdoors Prepare the seed bed by raking out any large stones, the soil does not need to be too fine as the pea seeds are relatively large. Peas are so easy to handle and germinate very reliably so are a pleasure to sow outdoors. Sow in drills 4cm deep and 10cm wide. Leave 70cm between rows.

Read more: How to Edge a Garden

Sugar Snap mangetout should be treated in exactly the same way as Maincrop peas.

Transplanting Peas

An alternative to cloche protection is to sow the seeds in late February on a windowsill – if this is done, use peat pots (not plastic), because the seedlings can then be planted directly into the soil with the peat pot (the peat will quickly break down in the soil) – peas do not like their roots being disturbed. Remember to harden off the seedlings prior to planting permanently.

Crop Care

The first key need of peas is moisture, and they must be watered throughout their lives when conditions become dry. If the soil has been well-prepared they will have no further need for feeding. A mulch of organic material around the plants will help to keep weeds at bay and preserve moisture.

Virtually all pea plants will require support of some kind, consult the seed packet to find out their final height. The easiest method of support is to place twigs near the plants – the tendrils of the plant will twine around the twigs for support. Thinnings from conifers are ideal for this purpose.

Another method is to erect canes in a row, tying in the plants as they grow – netting (available from most garden centers) tied to the canes will give extra support.  Each plant is grown up its own individual cane and can then spread across the netting.

The plants should be pinched out when they reach the top to encourage shoots further down the plants. Where the plants are grown against a fence, plastic netting can be secured to the fence and the tendrils will cling to it pulling the plant up

Pests and Diseases

After sowing it’s a good idea to protect from birds, personally I’ve never found them a problem but they can be real pest. Place a wire mesh or sticks along the newly sowed row. Mice will often eat the seeds quicker than you can sow them – if they live in your garden, there is no real cure. Some gardeners coat the seeds in paraffin, others buy a cat! The other main problems are Pea Moth, Pea Weevil or Pea Thrip, Greenfly, and Blackfly.

Powdery Mildew

Leaves and pods develop a sticky white substance on the leaves. This will nearly always happen towards the end of the season. The disease is most common in dry years and will be worst in sheltered gardens. Spraying with a diluted milk solution is a good preventative cure but if you get the disease you will need to spray with sulphur. Grow varieties like ‘Greenshaft’ and other resistant strains and you will have much less of a problem.

Pea Moth

Growers in southern England will be familiar with pea moth which burrows through the pods and into the peas rendering them useless. There is no treatment so the best course of action is to sow early or late crops. A quick maturing early variety will be perfect sown in April.

Supporting Peas

Peas are climbing plants and will need support to grow. You need to provide support as soon as the first tendrils appear as they never yield as well if allowed to flop over on the ground. You must make sure your supports are strong enough as a mature crop of peas can be quite heavy. Tendrils are the little curled shoots the pea uses to wrap around the climbing support.

TIP: Peas cannot climb a bamboo cane like beans can, they also need lateral support.

Using small branches

Most pea varieties will grow between 4 and 6 feet high. Using pruned branches from your trees is a great free way of providing a natural looking support. Collect branches about 1-2 inches in diameter and approx 6ft high. If you can get some nice straight ones, all the better. Push them into the ground at approx 2 foot spacings. Weave smaller branches horizontally between the uprights to create lateral supports. You can add more branches as the peas increase in height, the more branches you have, the better.

N.B. you can also run string between the branch supports, as long as it goes accross your support it’s fine.

Making a pea wigwam

Tie suitable sticks together to greate a wigwam. You can use bamboo poles but remember you’ll have to coil twine or wire around the wigwam to help the peas to climb. A mix of branches an twigs is ideal as they provide plenty of supports to climb on. Make sure to weave plent of sticks into the structure as in the picture. I’d recommend this method, it’s fun to do and looks great in the garden.

Using a pea & bean mesh

Place 2 inch or heavier fencing posts in the ground approx 4 foot apart. Use 7/8 foot posts with at least 12 inches in the ground. Fix your pea & bean support mesh to the posts using staples or u-shaped nails.

Crop Care

Read more: How to Kill Grasshoppers Without Poison

If the weather is dry and your peas have begun to flower keep them well watered, you will increase the yield. Don’t water too much before the flowers appear or you may get lots of lush leafy growth at the expense of the pods. Keep the base of the plants well mulched to help control weeds and retain moiture. Grass clippings are perfect as long as the grass hasn’t been sprayed for any form of moss or weed control. Grass clippings are very high in nitrogen so only use enough to cover the ground and keep down weeds.

Harvesting Peas

Garden peas are best when slightly immature – when fully mature they become hard and loose the sweet taste. Harvesting them early also encourages them to produce more. As a guide, peas are normally ready for harvest three weeks after flowering. Peas quickly loose their flavour after harvesting, so pick them just before they are required for cooking. The peas at the bottom of the plant will tend to be ready first, so begin harvesting here, working up as time progresses. When the plant stops producing peas, cut the top of the plant off and leave the roots in the ground to compost for next year.

The one thing to remember when harvesting peas is that if you stop and let any peas ripen on the vine, the plant will stop producing. Even if you’re fed up of peas or you need to go away for a week get a neighbour to harvest as once they stop they can’t be stimulated back into action. Pick your peas once or twice a week so the are still tender. Grip the pea by the stem and pull off the pod to avoid damage to the pea plant. There are of course different types of peas so I’ll go through the harvesting of each.

Shelling or maincrop peas

Pick when the pods are bright green when they are well filled but there is still a bit of space between the peas. Shell the peas (remove from pod) and cook or to conserve flavour cook whole and pod afterwards. Of course fresh peas are delicious eaten raw straight from the vine.

Dried Peas

Leave the pods on the plants until they turn brown at the end of the season. Pull up the plants and hang in an airy place like a well ventilated greenhouse. When the pods are dry and crispy remove the peas and store in airtight jars.

Mangetout – Flat podded types.

Pick when the outline of the pea is just visible through the skin and the pods snap cleanly in half. They remain at their best for a relatively short time so keep an eye on your plants.

Mangetout – Sugar Snap types.

Pick when green, plump and easily snapped in half. You can shell them if required but the pods of these peas can be eaten. Steam the whole lot very lightly, delicious!

Digging In Pea Roots

Pea plants take nitrogen from the air to grow and store it in their roots. As nitrogen is one of the essential building blocks of any healthy plant it makes sense to keep the nitrogen in the soil. You can see the little nitrogen storing nodules as the white balls on the roots in the photo opposite. When the peas have finished producing at the end of the season cut them down to soil level. Dig in the roots to release the nitrogen in the root nodules for the use of next years vegetables.

Storage: Peas don’t have much of a shelf life, so I don’t recommend storing them in their pods or shelled for very long. Store pods in a plastic bag in the crisper drawer of the refrigerator and use them within a couple of days. Once they’re shelled, the best way to store peas is to freeze them. First blanch them for a minute or two in boiling salted water and then shock them in an ice-water bath until cool, to help maintain their bright color. Drain and freeze them in zip-top bags. They will keep for five to six months.

Freshly picked peas are one of the delights of the Summer, in my garden most rarely make it to the kitchen and with visitors snacking on the juicy green peas as they pass. Peas are relatively easy to grow, just make sure you put the work in beforehand by building a stout support frame.

How to Grow Peas Video Our You tube channel has nearly 4 million views! Watch our Peas video with Andrew Davidson and professional organic grower Klaus Laitenberger. All our videos are filmed over a full season so you can see the sowing, planting, crop care and harvesting stages.

You can view our video by clicking the link or the Youtube icon.

Source: https://livingcorner.com.au Category: Garden

source https://livingcorner.com.au/how-to-grow-peas-sugar-snap-peas-variety/

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[thumbgarden]

How to shape and prune currant bushes stylish

The word "pruning" sometimes scares gardeners: not everyone dares to work with pruning shears or saws and mostly for one reason only, for fear of damaging plants. But the truth is that it's not pruning that causes more damage to a tree or shrub, it's not pruning. Without pruning, the canopy of apple trees, pear trees, currant bushes, and currant trees will overgrow and grow quite unnecessary shoots, dry branches, and old branches, resulting in the formation of a harvest only on the periphery of the canopy, which is drastically reduced, and the plant itself will become increasingly sick and infested with pests. Probably everyone has heard the phrase: "The bush is old and is getting sick". In fact, it is more correct to say "The bush has been badly neglected and that is why it is getting sick". So, in order to keep your plot free of "neglected" gooseberry trees, we will tell you to prune currant bushes, how's, when's and for what this or which pruning is done.

WHERE DO I START PRUNING? The first pruning should be done immediately after planting the currant on the plot. Of course, when planting in autumn it is better to wait until spring, well, when it makes no sense to postpone pruning "in a long box" when planting in spring. The shoots of just-planted currant seedlings should be shortened so that each shoot leaves only 4 or 5 buds and no more. Don't worry, currant bushes will only look ugly, but they will appreciate it: after all, this pruning will allow new shoots to form, which will allow the bush to develop as fully as possible and will therefore help to increase the yield in the first years compared to currant bushes that have not been pruned in this way. The best time to prune currant is early spring, usually March or early April, always before buds open. However, because currant bushes wake up so early, you need to somehow combine the snowmelt with this time before vegetation starts and have time to prune during this very short period of time. But if you don't have time, that's okay, pruning can also be done in the fall, most notably during this period when pruning only starts when the plants have gone into dormancy after the leaves have fallen. When pruning the shoots of the currant, you should try to cut them above the outward-facing buds on the crown: later, the shoots will not grow in the center of the bush, making it dense, but outward.

WHAT ARE THE OPTIONS FOR PRUNE CURRANT BUSHES? The currant is not an apple tree, there are not so many forms, usually only three. The first option is the usual bush formation, which is the kind of bush form of currant bush plants that we are all familiar with, usually scattered in the center of an open canopy. The second option is the stemmed currant bushes, which look like a small tree with shoots on top. The third option is the trellis form, in which, after planting the currant trees in a row, a trellis is arranged - two poles are placed on the border of the row and two to three rows of sturdy wire are pulled between them. On this wire currant shoots formed in a special way are laid. What is the advantage of shaping currant in a common way? It is as simple as possible. what are the advantages of currant bushes? Such plants can be grown more in the same area. Besides, such plants look unusual and beautiful. What are the advantages of a currant? The plants are open, there is no overgrowth, they are less prone to diseases, less affected by pests, the canopy is open, the fruits are well lit and heated by the sun, therefore they are bigger and more delicious.

WHAT ARE THE OPTIONS FOR PRUNE CURRANT BUSHES? A currant is not an apple tree, there are not that many forms, there are usually only three. The first option is the usual bush formation, the kind of bushy form of currant bush plants that we are all familiar with, usually scattered with an open canopy center. The second option is the stemmed currant bushes, which look like a small tree with shoots on top. The third option is the trellis form, in which, after planting the currant trees in a row, a trellis is arranged - two poles are placed on the border of the row and two to three rows of sturdy wire are pulled between them. On this wire currant shoots formed in a special way are laid. What is the advantage of shaping currant in a common way? It is as simple as possible. what are the advantages of currant bushes? Such plants can be grown more in the same area. Besides, such plants look unusual and beautiful. What are the advantages of a currant? The plants are open, there is no overgrowth, they are less prone to diseases, less affected by pests, the canopy is open, the fruits are well lit and heated by the sun, therefore they are bigger and more delicious.

1. Stem formation of currant Appearance - a shrub on the stem, a small tree. From the outside, it looks interesting and it seems to be very difficult to achieve such an effect by pruning. In fact, this is not the case. First, you need to plant common currant bushes in a place convenient for both you and the plant. next, you should choose the thickest, strongest, and upward-facing one from a large number of shoots. It is the future of such currant bushes that will function as both a trunk and a crown. When you have chosen such a shoot, ruthlessly remove all other shoots and cut them off at the level of the soil. After that, you need to determine how high the pole of your future tree will be. Immediately, it is not necessary to be overly enthusiastic, currant bushes are still shrubs (biologically), so you should not let the stump be higher than 40inch (1 meter), otherwise, you will have to install a strong stand next to it. Did you choose the height? Remember that no side shoots grew on the branches? Then simply cut all the side shoots into rings to reach the specified height, making sure that all cuts are sealed with garden varnish or oil-based paint. In the future, you will need to monitor the shoots at this height and remove them about once a season. At the top of the growth, it is necessary to leave branch shoots as this will be the crown of future currant bushes. In the first year, you should leave four or five of these shoots, shortening them by half in order for them to grow out of the bushes in the second year. Try not to leave the initial downward-facing currant shoots, as they are of little use and look ugly from an aesthetic point of view; also remove all broken and dry shoots.

During growth, remove all shoots that will appear at the bottom of the bush and try to replace those that are more than seven years old with younger growths. By the way, the bottom of the bush can be covered with a layer of 1-1.5inch (3-4cm) of sawdust, which will stop the growth of weeds and also the roots. Thus, the tree is ready, it does not take up much space and it looks unusual and beautiful from an aesthetic point of view, which is a clear advantage. In addition, the canopy of this tree is well lit by the wind and the berries are better illuminated, so they usually ripen more quickly. These are advantages, but there are also disadvantages - the currant stump, even though it is small in height, can easily break in a strong gust of wind, so ideally even a stump of 20inch (50cm) in height would need support. The second disadvantage is that currant species are usually not particularly winter hardy, but can survive the winter well under a thick layer of snow. However, a layer of snow does not cover the stump shrub, which is supposed to be a very large mat of snow, so this plant sometimes freezes to death completely. Finally, the most important disadvantage is the much shorter life span of the plant. If ordinary currant bushes can live 30 years and bring a harvest, then the bush on the stump, no more than a dozen. In fact, in its essence, shoot, which ages very quickly.

2. The formation of currant trellis A long time ago, trellises were very fashionable. Scientists have proved that the fruits of plants grown on trellises are tastier, bigger, and contain more useful substances, but the cost of installing trellises is very high, both financially and materially. Trellis becomes an experiment, and not everyone dares to hold such experiments on their plots. Where to start? With planting currant bushes, of course. for a full-fledged trellis, you need at least five or six bushes, probably of different species, planted very close to each other - about 20inch (0.5m). Once the bushes are planted, we build a trellis - digging posts at the edges of the rows and stretching three rows of wire between them at heights of 15inch (40cm), 27inch (70cm), and 40inch (1m) above the ground, which is quite enough. Then, as the currant buds grow, they are tied to the trellis with twine, with a distance of about 7-8inch (18-20cm) between the branches.

Adjustment: When placing the trellis, it is best to place it with the flat side facing east, so that as much sunlight as possible reaches the trellis before and afternoon, and shines on the sides of the trellis during the hottest hours, otherwise the shrubs will be burned.

Try to leave and tie to the trellis no more than six strong and powerful shoots belonging to currant bushes, the rest can be safely cut off at the bottom of the soil. During growth, the previous year's shoots should be shortened by about 45-50% and no more than six shots should be left in the current year's growth so as to avoid overcrowding. After five years, you can rejuvenate the currant bushes. To do this, leave three to four young shoots on each plant and cut off all the rest at the bottom of the soil. What are the other advantages of a trellis, besides those listed before? Of course, the ease of collecting the fruit; as you know, currant which is a thorny crop, so it is difficult to collect the fruit from the bushes - is much easier to collect from the trellis. In fact, the green wall. In this case, the berries always remain clean and are much larger.

3. Formation of currant bushes This is a classic and familiar currant bush from childhood, but it is best not to be neglected, that is, not to be overgrown and not to have broken, dry shoots growing deep into the canopy. How to achieve this goal? In order to obtain accurate currant bushes, it is necessary to shorten all shoots growing this season by 30%, so that each shoot has at least 5 buds. Of those currant shoots that grow from the roots, it is necessary to leave no more than three well-developed shoots and no more than four at most, and the rest can be cut off boldly. In addition, it is advisable to cut all those currant bushes that are too close to the ground, touch the ground or go directly into the bush, and of course the sick, dry, broken and very short ones. In the autumn of the following season, it is necessary to cut off again 30% of all the shoots of the year and leave more, seven pieces from the roots. In the third year, currant bushes will usually begin to bear fruit, and by this period, thanks to your pruning and shaping, it will consist of a dozen branches of different ages. During this period, the pruning scheme of currant bushes remains the same - all shoots of the year should be shortened by one-third and two to three of the best-developed ones should be left from the root shoots. By the end of seven years, currant bushes enter the industrial production phase. In this period, the bushes can consist of two dozen branches of the most varied ages. From this period onwards, every autumn, it is necessary to completely cut off (at the bottom of the soil) all shoots older than five years. How do understand that currant bushes are old trees? By the color of the bark: it will be much darker than the younger ones.

Finally, the cardinal rejuvenates. Carry it out when currant bushes "will have 20 years of history". If you like this variety and don't want to replace it with another one and the crop is not as good as every year, simply cut off all the shoots at a height of 4-5inch (10-13 cm) above the soil surface and new shoots will form a young currant bush. Restoration pruning of currant bushes is best done in the spring, and the bushes should be given adequate nutrition after pruning - pour a tablespoon of urea under each bush. Pruning of currant is not complicated here.

#ThumbGarden #GardeningTips #Howtogrow #Fruits #Currant #Prune #Orchard #Bushes #Stylish #Tips #Howto #Shrubs #Trees #Largegarden #Mediumgarden #Smallgarden #Outdoorgarden #Smallspaces #Pruning #Plantcare #Care #Techniques #Inspired

Author: Ms.Geneva Link: https://www.thumbgarden.com/prune-currant-bushes-stylish/ Source: ThumbGarden The copyright belongs to the author. For commercial reprints, please contact the author for authorization, and for non-commercial reprints, please indicate the source.

[inchclef06-blog]

Mt2

Melanotan 2 Packing Phase

Content

Mt2 Without Sun.

How Hundreds Of Females Are Injecting Illegal Instant Tan Medicine That Might Wreck Their Health And Wellness.

What Are Melanin.

Swabs Wipes And Also Water (.

The Deadly Tan Stab: A Do It Yourself Injection Promising A Split Second.

Are Tanning Shots Secure? Are There Any Negative Effects?

Conversation in 'Efficiency Enhancing Medicines' started by wrapper, Jun 5, 2010. Members might not provide to provide or facilitate the unlawful supply of AAS, POMS or various other regulated drugs on UGM or its messaging systems.

Also similar teams of drugs with the exact same intended results can be available in totally different forms. The web is the excellent transformation of our time, but it's additionally made unlicensed medications extra easily accessible, with numerous being marketed unlawfully by means of the web. As clinical supervisor of the Pharmacy2U Online Physician solution, clients have actually asked me regarding several of these "wonder medicines" and also merely weren't aware of the validities or dangers bordering them. We'll be telling stories of females that have lost an eye to cancer cells, had huge holes evaluated out of their skin, and also been left looking years older than their age - all because of sunbeds. Yet utilizing sunbeds before you're 35 rises your opportunity of developing cancer malignancy - the deadliest type of skin cancer cells - by a horrific 87 per cent.

Mt2 Without Sun.

Holding the syringe like a pen, and at 90 levels to your skin, swiftly put the syringe into your skin. Discover a fleshy area of your skin-- 4cm sideways of your belly switch is one of the most typical. Insert the needle of the syringe into the water & pull back the bettor of the syringe so you take out 1ml of water and also slowly draw the syringe out. Clean the surface of the injectable water tube with the encased alcohol clean as well as dispose of the wipe. Whether you're looking to finish one or a number of skin colour-changing training courses, we prepare to supply our items whenever you desire us to. There are two forms offered, Melanotan I and II, which are thinned down in water before being injected.

The Medicines and also Health care items Regulatory Agency - which makes sure medications are secure to make use of - has actually branded melanotan harmful. It stated it has actually received records of approximately 74 separate side-effects. Prohibited tanning injections which are said to set off a host of illness were being marketed to Britons on eBay. Melanotan is an artificial hormone - called the Barbie medication - which boosts skin cells to generate the pigment melanin to give users an all over tan. " The steroids are excellent vendors, long as you recognize what you are trying to find. The tanning injections also. Girls constantly get them. I can offer a lot more tanning injections in a week than weed. For how long the impacts last and the drug stays in your system relies on how much you've taken, your size, whether you've consumed and what various other drugs you may have likewise taken. The term IPEDs covers a vast array of medicines-- and they all look extremely different.

How Hundreds Of Ladies Are Infusing Illegal Instant Tan Drug That Can Wreck Their Wellness.

It is commonly marketed as a treatment for cancer, which it is not. Traditional therapies for skin cancer cells are really effective, if started early. By postponing therapy in favour of this item people are putting their lives at risk. Photobiological effects of melanin photoprotection after UVB-induced sun tanning of human skin but not UVA-induced sun tanning. Fake tan items consist of dihydroxyacetone, a substance that reacts with the leading layer of your skin to change its colour. Neither a fake tan neither a sun tan will protect your skin from excessive UV.

When the wanted level of darkness is attained after that drop down to 1 mg/ week to keep the color.

Nausea or vomiting just happens at the beginning and is usually associated with obtaining your dose wrong.

Nevertheless I do recognize some people have actually ended up with really dark scars as well as coloring places.

Sharing needles can lead to blood-borne conditions like hepatitis or HIV being spread, and also skin and cells damages can additionally occur if compounds are infused by an inexperienced person.

Coloring my marks came to be darker however, for me this was great as it made them blend in.

Call-centre employee Chantelle Tolson shared images of her skin passing away and also transforming black around the edges of abscesses gouged throughout her tummy.

Typically speaking a typical starting dosage is 0.25 mg/day for 3-4 days whereupon a bump to 0.5 mg/day is made again for 3-4 days as well as afterwards 1 mg/ day.

It is developed to boost the pigment cells in your body to generate even more melanin, which gives you a tan. After several shots as well as direct exposure to the sunlight or a sun-bed to kickstart the process, your skin tone is claimed to transform from the inside out.

What Are Melanin.

Some are willing to go a whole lot better than others to obtain their bodies in what they consider to be peak shape. Worryingly, numerous look to uncontrolled as well as illegally sold medicines to improve their appearance, such as steroids, appetite suppressants as well as tanning injections. It is prohibited to offer such tanning injections in the UK and also the MHRA has actually advised people not to use them. Health-wise it can be much better than subjecting your body to ultraviolet rays. Nonetheless, rather than utilizing topical lotions, some people are running the risk of unidentified side-effects from unlicensed tanning shots, such as Melanotan. Some people make use of melanotan shots to alter the colour of their skin, however they are illegal in the UK. MANY INDIVIDUALS like a gold tan as summer strategies, but professionals have advised against counting on deadly tanning shots to attain the appearance.

UGM does not approve or sustain the unlawful supply, property or use any kind of drug.

Swabs Wipes As Well As Water (.

This decision was made by the the Medicines and Health care items Regulatory Firm which tests medical products in the UK. This pigment becomes part of the body's all-natural response to the sunlight, and increasing levels of melanin causes skin dimming or tanning. DOPE DEALER in Scotland are resorting to steroids and also illegal tanning injections to earn a profit due to an enhancing fixation with body photo.

UGM is a free forum for body builders, powerlifters, strongmen and anyone wanting to improve their figure as well as talk with similar individuals. Top Qaulity Easy to Use Peptide Kits Ireland recognizes making use of AAS POMs (prescription-only medications) and other performance-enhancing compounds in body building today. finest time to jab is best prior to bed as MT can make your stomach abit off.

How Illegal Tanning Injections Which Cause Cardiovascular Disease Are Being Sold To Uk Clients On Ebay

Images of sun-kissed celebrities exposing their well-toned bodies can overdo unneeded stress to look wonderful on the coastline. Nonetheless, it is essential to bear in mind that those individuals using unregulated drugs to enhance their bodies can be playing roulette with their health and wellness. Tanning injections, one of the most well-known brand names being Melanotan I as well as Melanotan II, are shots which can raise the quantity of melanin in your skin. Melanin is the pigment which gives your skin colour, and more melanin suggests that you appear extra tanned.

Even if your fake tan claims it has sunscreen, usage shade, apparel, and sunscreen with at the very least SPF15 and also 4 or 5 celebrities to protect your skin. As opposed to sun tanning, we motivate everyone to possess their all-natural complexion, and also appreciate the sunlight securely. They are warning individuals not to make use of melanotan as well as they state that the item is being 'marketed and also offered unlawfully'. It is presently illegal to sell tan shots such as melanotan, as this product is unlicensed. Melanotan is an artificial hormone used for tanning that functions by raising the degrees of melanin, an all-natural dark pigment in the skin. While https://ger.melanotan.eu/fast-way-to-tan-skin/ does not instantaneously offer individuals tans, it makes the skin overproduce the pigment whenever it's exposed to UV rays.

The Deadly Tan Jab: A Do It Yourself Injection Promising An Instant.

[biomedgrid]

Biomed Grid | Comparative Efficacy of Different Pesticide Residue Mitigation Modules in Mango

Abstract

A study was conducted at different locations of Multan from March 2016 to April 2017 in which 4 IPM modules were devised for mango in comparison with the control, with the focus of pesticides residues mitigation and maximum yield. Pesticides residues mitigation module (PRMM) were based on the IPM tactics to suppress pest population with no or minimum use insecticides. Each module was applied in an area of 1 acre of mango orchard and pest population was monitored before and after the application of the modules. After the season of the mango was completed the yield was compared of all the modules and yield loss was also calculated in terms of fruit quantity and fruit quality. It was observed that the orchard which was grown under PRMM-2 showed maximum reduction in pest population calculated as much as 92.66% followed by PRMM-1 which was accounted for 86.13% reduction in pest population [1-5]. PRMM-3 reduced the pest population up-to 77.97% followed by PRMM-4 which reduced the pest population to level of 71.43% over control. So, the best results in terms of pest reduction were observed in PRMM-2 which included spray of pesticides along with the use of cultural, mechanical, and attract and kill methods for the mango pests. This module outperformed the chemical method by 21.23% better in terms of pest population reduction while only IPM module with no pesticides used, pest reduction was 14.7% over chemical control methods which are in common practice by most of the farmer community in the country. PRMM-2 produced 25.29% more marketable fruits in comparison of control module while PRMM-1 produced 21.17% more marketable fruits over control. In case of PRMM-3 and PRMM-4 the percentage of surplus marketable produce over control was calculated as 17.21% and 11.47% respectively.

Keywords: Mango; Pest population; Pesticides residues; Mitigation modules

Introduction

Mango is an important fruit for its economic, nutritional and aesthetic values so the mango growers applies multiple sprays for the suppression of different insect pests of this fruit [10-15]. Regardless of the results, application of insecticides brings harm to the quality of the produce I terms of pesticides residues. Integrated pest management is the best alternate for the insecticides to coup with both pest and pesticide residue problem simultaneously [15-20]. Integrated pest management which commonly known as IPM is an approach which drives long term and is pooled of divergent approaches [8] such as cultural, biological and also rational chemical control methods to diminish the pest populaces to endurable levels when pest populations reach an economic threshold level (ETL) [21-24]. With the increased mobility worldwide and globalization the risk of invasion species to cross the national and international borders is ever increasing [3,5]. Integrated pest management postures slightest risks while generating determined reimburse ments with tiniest outlays [25, 26]. Integrated pest management has been experimentally proven to be significantly more effective than the conventional methods of pest control such as biological, cultural or chemical alone [19]. Considerate and applicable use of economic verdicts is significant while dealing with the pest populations which can increase the output while minimizing the cost in terms of resources and environmental safety [24].

Economic threshold and economic injury levels are the main gears of any cost-effective integrated pest management programs [26] and are the key players in decision making for the pesticide application against any pest population [16]. For an IPM programs to be effective, stroke must be engaged once the pest population reach a precarious density in the field so that the economic injury level is not breached [6]. Several options have been discussed to increase the production with minimum use of chemicals such as pesticides [21] including biological control and also using semiochemicals (such as insect attractants and repellents) and combination of ecological, cultural and genetic strategies for pest control [13,20] this combined use of different tactics evolved as an IPM module for the crops and can decrease the use of pesticides by 60% [22].

Material and Methods

IPM models based on integrated approaches of cultural, mechanical and Eco-friendly chemical control method.

1. Sanitation

2. Traps (mating disruption traps, visual traps, pheromone traps, pesticide treated traps)

3. Insect pest barriers

4. Reduced risk pesticides (Bio-Pesticides, Bio-Chemicals)

Pesticide residue mitigation modules for mango

The treatments, as detailed below, which provided the best results during 2017-18 experiments, were included in IPM trail. Five orchards, having commercial mango variety Chaunsa heavily infested with mango mealy bug, mango fruit fly and mango hopper were selected with private farmers 1. Southern bypass, Tehsil and District Multan, 2. Moza Bosan, Tehsil and District Multan and third was Moza Behli Shareef, Hafizwala Markaz, Tehsil Jalalpur Pirwala, District Multan 4. Moza Bosan, Tehsil and District Multan 5. Moza Sangi, Tehsil and District Multan. The year round IPM practices were applied during March 2017 to February 2018 after recording the data. After treatment, the data was recorded in coming season i.e., April 2018 to 3rd week of August 2018, when the pest appears after hatching of eggs. A Randomized completely block design (RCBD) with 8 treatments including 1 control was adopted with 3 replications. The effect of these practices (detailed below) were observed through counting the population of the pests at different intervals for different pests from the trunk of trees in unit area, marked on the trunk of trees with chalk 0.46 m above the ground for mealy bug, number of larvae in the fruits and number of adults in the traps for fruit fly while for the mango hopper, number of nymphs and adults count per inflorescence or the 4 sweeps of net from each side of the tree and number of pest per sweep. Percent reduction was calculated as:

Percent population reduction=(M2- M1)/M1 × 100

Where: M1 = Average population in treatment; M2 = Average population in control

Pesticide residue mitigation module (PRMM)-1

PRMM-1 includes the cultural, mechanical, GF-120 and methyl euginol+ Spinosad for the suppression of mango pests and mitigation of the pesticide residues simultaneously.

Cultural practices

Cultural practices were used to collect the egg carrying female in mounds before spreading to hibernation places. For this purpose, a plastic sheet of 1.54 m in width and length according to the size of trunk were spread around the trunk of the trees to stop the entry of females in roots of host plant. Mounds were made on the plastic sheet around the trunk with the materials present under the tree like dried leaves, weeds, clods of mud, grass, debris and small dried branches up to 0.46 m high in the 1st week of April 2018. For direct falling females as well as those females, which were searching their hibernation places four other mounds of 0.46×0.46 m were made under the tree with the same materials in four different directions East, West, North and South away from 1.85-2.75 m of tree without plastic sheet. So, each tree has 5 mounds. These mounds were spread at the end of June 2018 after hibernation of egg carrying females. Removal of the fallen fruits from the field to stop the fruit fly emergence and re-infesting the fruits.

Mechanical practices

Only bands were applied. These bands consist of a plastic sheet and 4cm grease. The trunk of the tree is plastered with mixture of mud and wet farmyard manure (1:1 ratio). It is pasted all around the trunk 26cm in width from 0.46 to 0.62 m above the ground so that it provides an even and smooth surface for wrapping the plastic sheet, which does not allow the nymphs to crawl from underneath the band. Then plastic sheet is wrapped around the trunk on the surface pasted with mud mixture. It is tightened from the joining ends with three 1.75cm iron nails (at upper, middle, lower ends of joint) with a hammer. After fully wrapping the plastic sheet a 4cm grease band is applied in the middle portion of plastic sheet. This band was applied on the trunk of the trees in December-2017 to 3rd week of March 2018 to stop the upward movement of nymphs.

GF-120

GF-120 is attract and kill product of Arysta life science which includes protein hydro lysate and Spinosad. This product was used at the rate of 0.5 liters per acre after mixing with 4.5 liters of water. Solution was applied to each second trees skipping one. While in the second application the skipped trees were applied with the solution and the already sprayed ones were skipped.

Methyl Euginol+ Spinosad

Methyl euginol is well known attractant for the mango fruit flies and when it was applied with insecticides such as Spinosad its controls both male and female fruit flies. A pluck of cotton was applied with 6-8 drops of methyl euginol and 3-4 drops of Spinosad and placed in the plastic traps which only allow the fruit fly to fly in but have no exit, killing the pest inside. For reducing the cost of the traps, plastic bottles of soft drinks were used as traps. The chemicals in the traps was refreshed after every 12-15 days and 6 traps were applied per acre. These traps are also available at a subsidized price from the Department of Agriculture Extension with supervised application in the field.

In the year round IPM program pheromone traps were applied in the orchards well before the emergence of fruit fly to minimize the damage and sanitation was also performed removing of dropped fruits which may host as hibernation places for the pest. A seasonal IPM was developed and field trials were performed to determine the efficacy of the traps in combination of the other IPM tactics.

PRMM-2

PRMM-2 module was developed with the sole application of IPM but with addition of the application of soft insecticide. All the IPM tactics which were used in the PRMM-1 were applied in PRMM- 2 and insecticide which was applied in PRMM-2 was Spinosad which is a product of Dow Agro-Sciences available in the market with trade name of Tracer® and was applied at the rate of 10 ml per acre with 100 liter of water for the solution.

PRMM-3

PRMM-3 was based on the chemical insecticides but with the additional application of the methyl euginol + Spinosad (attract and kill) a pluck of cotton was applied with 6-8 drops of methyl euginol and 3-4 drops of Spinosad and placed in the plastic traps which only allow the fruit fly to fly in but have no exit, killing the pest inside. The chemicals in the traps was refreshed after every 12-15 days and 6 traps were applied per acre. Insecticide application of Imidacloprid with the trade name of Confidor® 20% SL by BAYER crop science at the rate of 200 ml with 100 liters of water for one acre of mango orchard. Bifenthrin with trade name of JATAR® 10% EC by Jaffar Agro-Services was applied at the rate of 20 ml per 100 liters of water and Acetameprid at the rate of 150 gm per 100 litters of water marketed with the name of Mospilan 20 SP by Arysta life sciences.

PRMM-4

Insecticide application of Imidacloprid with the trade name of Confidor® 20% SL by BAYER crop science at the rate of 200ml with 100liters of water for one acre of mango orchard. Bifenthrin with trade name of JATAR® 10% EC by Jaffar Agro-Services was applied at the rate of 20ml per 100liters of water. Trichlorofon with the trade name of Diptrex ® 80% WP by BAYER crop science was applied at the rate of 250g per 100 liters of water and Acetameprid at the rate of 150gm per 100litters of water marketed with the name of Mospilan 20SP by Arysta life sciences for an acre of mango orchard.

Control

Orchard under the control treatment was monitored in comparison with the other 4 PRM modules for pest populations but no application of any control tactic and the damage and pest infestation was recorded. While all other inputs such as fertilizers, irrigation and farm practices were matched with other modules.

Comparison of PRMMs

The conventional and chemical modules consisted of pest suppression tactics as adopted by farmers and modules which focused on the no-chemical approach for pest control were compared for yield, marketable yield, pest infestation and reduction of pest population from all systems/modules were compared, Statistical analysis before this point.

Results

To mitigate the pesticide residues in mango 5 modules of growing mango orchards were compared named as pesticide residue mitigation module (PRMM). Each module was applied in an area of 1 acre of mango orchard and pest population was monitored before and after the application of the modules. After the season of the mango was completed the yield was compared of all the modules and yield loss was also calculated in terms of fruit quantity and fruit quality. The modules which were applied are 1. IPM which included cultural and mechanical tactics, GF-120 and methyl euginol with Melathion as attract and kill method 2. Soft insecticide (Spinosad) along with all the tactics which were used in the first module of IPM, 3. Conventional module included all the regular practices which are being use by the farmers in the field which are in most cases insecticides and fungicide applications along with application of protein hydrolyze with Spinosad as attract and kill method and 4. Chemical method includes spray of synthetic insecticides only and all of these modules were compared with a module where no tactics were applied to suppress the pest population yet all other inputs were applied regularly as applied in other modules.

Reduction in pest population

Population of the pests in mango was closely monitored and the data was analyzed to calculate percentage of pest reduction in the four modules with comparison of control where pest population was maximum, and no control strategies were implemented. It was observed that the orchard which was grown under PRMM-2 (IPM+ soft insecticide) showed maximum reduction in pest population calculated as much as 92.66% followed by PRMM-1 (IPM) which was accounted for 86.13% reduction in pest population. PRMM-3 (insecticides plus bait) reduced the pest population up-to 77.97% followed by PRMM-4 (chemicals) which reduced the pest population to level of 71.43% over control. So, the best results in terms of pest reduction were observed in PRMM-2 which included spray of pesticides along with the use of cultural, mechanical, and attract and kill methods for the mango pests. This module outperformed the chemical method by 21.23% better in terms of pest population reduction while only IPM module with no pesticides used pest reduction was 14.7% over chemical control methods which are in common practice by most of the farmer community in the country. Results of pest reduction are compared in Table 1 below.

Table 1: Percent reduction of pest population.

Pest population response to the Modules

Pest population showed different response against modules. The maximum response showed by mango pests in PRMM- 2 (cultural + mechanical + GF-120+ methyl euginol with Melathion × Spinosad) where the population was minimum (10%) as compared to control (52%) and different other modules. Pest population were 14%, 23%, 18% in PRMM-1 (cultural + mechanical + GF-120 + methyl euginol with Melathion), PRMM-3 (insecticides + protein hydrolyze with Spinosad) and PRMM-4 (pesticides) respectively. The results described the significance of the IPM tactics over the use of insecticides. PRMM-2 was 42% more responsive against mango pests over control followed by PRMM-1 which was 38% more responsive. PRMM-3 and PRMM-4 showed 34% and 29% more response of the pest population over control (Figure 1).

Figure 1: Response of modules to pest population.

Pest Infestation

As shown in the Figure 2 given below it was estimated that pest population was minimum in PRMM-2 where IPM was used along with soft insecticides followed by PRMM-1 where only IPM was applied as pest suppression tool. Pest infestation was calculated as 7.34% in PRMM-2 and 13.87% in PRMM-1 while pest population in PRMM-3 was recorded as much as 22.04% where synthetic pesticides were used combined with attract and kill baits. PRMM-4 received 28.57% pest infestation where only chemicals were applied. All of these modules were compared with the control module where no pest suppression tactics were applied, and pest infestation was maximum, and it was as high as 66% pest infestation.

Figure 2: Response of modules to percentage pest infestation.

Yield and Marketable produce comparison

Table 2: Yield and Marketable produce comparison

All the 5 modules which were applied and compared have their own benefits and draw backs in terms of yield. After the mango season was complete yield of 5 modules which were implemented was calculated and compared The loss of the produce was measured in term of quality and quantity of the fruits because not all the pests cause quantity loss such as meallybug and mango hopper but fruit fly cause quality loss of the produce. PRMM-2 gave maximum yield 19106 Kg/Acre from which 85.24% was marketable yield followed by PRMM-1 with 18341 Kg/Acre and 81.12% marketable yield. PRMM-3 produced 17280 Kg/Acre with 77.96% marketable fruits followed by PRMM-4 with 16723Kg/Acre and 71.42% marketable yield and all of these modules were compared with a control module where yield was calculated as much as 14545Kg/Acre while only 59.95% was marketable yield. PRMM-2 produced 25.29% more marketable fruits in comparison of control module while PRMM-1 produced 21.17% more marketable fruits over control. In case of PRMM-3 and PRMM-4 the percentage of surplus marketable produce over control was calculated as 17.21% and 11.47% respectively (Table 2).

Discussion

Mango mealy bug, fruit fly and mango hopper are serious pests of mango orchards in Pakistan [10]. According to [4] achievement of pest management is judged by results and the best management technique is that which gives suitable pest control. The assessment of control measures changes in time and in space with such variables as the progress of biological understanding, changing natural circumstances, the development of technological capabilities, and differences in the thresholds of pest tolerance. However, cumulative management costs, increase of insecticide resistance, increasing environmental consciousness and growing pressure from urban development demand a more sustainable pest management system for agricultural crops [2]. Selecting an appropriate arrangement of management strategies for any pest condition, there will be some options to reflect, such as mechanical or physical control, cultural control, biological control and chemical control techniques.

The spatio-temporal separations in the life of the insect afford chances to use a range of cultural, biological and chemical control techniques alone or in combinations to control the pests in mango [9]. The present study was done to compare the efficacy of different pest management modules with sole purpose of mitigation of pesticide residues for management of mango pests focusing on mango mealy bug, mango fruit fly and mango hoper. The present study resulted that maximum reduction (92.66%) in population of mango pests was observed in the orchard where, PRMM-2 (cultural×mechanical×GF- 120×methyleuginol with Melathion×spray of Spinosad were applied together) followed by PRMM-1 (cultural × mechanical × GF-120 × methyl euginol with Melathion) with 86.13% pest reduction. PRMM-3 and PRMM-4 with 77.97%, 71.43% pest population reduction respectively. These modules showed significant difference with each other. These findings agree with the Karar et al. [11] in case of mango mealy bug population, who found that three control practices (cultural, mechanical and chemical) when combined then give maximum reduction (98.46%) in population of mealy bug and they concluded that measures in combine form gave better results than the separate treatment as it was found in the current study.

The present findings also agree with the Bajwa and Gul [1] who found the similar results in case of mango mealy bug. Ishaq et al. [9] also worked on integrated control of mealy bug and described similar results as in present findings. He reported that this pest is difficult to manage with only water-based pesticides, so it is managed by sticky bands with burning and burying treatments, similar results were observed where PRMM-1 and PRMM-2 were applied which included cultural and mechanical tactics. The present findings also correlate with Gul et al. [7] who worked on D stebbingi and found that banding of tree trunk, destruction of eggs and application of different insecticides are the most important control measures. PRMM-2 which included IPM and soft insecticides were applied, and maximum pest reduction was observed.

Khan and Naveed [12] worked on the population occurrence of fruit fly using the methyl euginol traps and described that maximum mean population was recorded in the month of August and it was in positive correlation to the temperature. Similar population dynamics was recorded in the present study where maximum mean population was also recoded in month of August. Patel at el. [18] described slightly better results in comparison to this study in case of fruit fly capture and kill using different kinds of baits and other IPM methods for reduction in infestation with cultural (90%), MAT (100%), BAT (60%), Cover spray (50%) and when MAT and cultural method was used in combination pest infestation was reduced to 100%. In comparison of this study from India, results of the current study showed maximum reduction of pest population (92.66%) was achieved when IPM and soft insecticides were applied in combination. Ndiaye et al. [17] from Senegal used methyl euginol, protein hydrolysate and some other homemade tarps to capture and kill the fruit fly and achieved 83% reduction of pest population and this result is slightly lower than the present study where IPM tactics achieved 86.13% reduction in pest population.

In 2006 Verghese and co-workers worked to suppress the population of fruit fly in mango and used combination of MAT, sanitation as cultural practice and methyl euginol and pest population was reduced to 95% in comparison of the 67% infestation in control treatment. These results are slightly different from the results of the present study where combination of sanitation, mechanical, GF-120, methyl euginol and cover spray reduced pest population to 92.66%. Singh et al. [23] determined the results of the application of different IPM and chemical modules to control the fruit fly infestation in the mango orchards in India. They used MAT, baits and different chemicals and combinations of these practices and reported that the use of MAT and baits in combination can reduce the population up-to 93-95%. Fruit fly infestation reduced 87-95% when these two were used along with insecticide spray and only 53-56% reduction in pest population was recorded in module where only chemical spray was used.

These results are in complete agreement of the present study where PRMM-2 reduced the pest population up-to 92.66% where IPM and insecticide were applied in combination. Kumari et al. [14] determined the results of the mango hopper population and the yield of the mango orchards after the application of 5 different chemical-based modules to suppress the pest population. They found that the best results were obtained with the three applications of Thiamethoxam, Spinosad and carbaryl at different rates of application but the yield of the individual tree was not more than 125.36 Kg/tree while in case of the present study maximum yield with non-chemical methods was way higher than above-mentioned yield. The key difference of the two modules is the approach for only one pest (mango hopper) in comparison of all major mango pests in present study.

Ishaq et al. [9] worked on the IPM for the control of mango mealy bug and fruit fly and use different tactics including sticky band in combination with burning and burying techniques (15.79%), burlap bands (78.98%), methyl euginol attract and kill traps and stem injection with 98% reduction in pest infestation. While chemical applications reduced the pest population up-to 55%. These results are in alignment of the present study where combination of IPM tactics reduced pest population to 86.13%, combine application of IPM and soft insecticide gave 92.66% reduction in pest population while methyl euginol and insecticides combined showed 77.96% and only chemical application gave 71.43% pest reduction. The difference in all the studies may be result of the approach which in this study is to suppress all the pest population of mango while in earlier described cases goal was to suppress population of a single pest.

Conclusion

Injudicious use of pesticide is a global issue for the ecosystem and sustainable agriculture posing multiple threats to non-target organisms including humans. Fruits especially mango have no exception and receives enormous amount of pesticides for pest control. In current study mitigation of pesticide residues was aimed by the use of no-chemical control tactics including soft insecticides to reach a limit of pest control acceptable for both environment and the profit seeking farmers. After the study it was concluded that use of pesticides can be minimized without compromising the level of pest control which in terms serves for better human health and clean environment. A better cropping and legislative approach to minimize injudicious use of pesticide is required.

Read More About this Article: https://biomedgrid.com/fulltext/volume4/comparative-efficacy-of-different-pesticide-residue-mitigation-modules-in-mango.000801.php

For more about: Journals on Biomedical Science :Biomed Grid | Current Issue

[justkpopstuffinmyhead]

GD Concert Berlin 30.09.2017

First off: Concert was AMAZING! Everything around it? - Not so much.

Before the concert: We had huge communication problems with Livenation and the Mercedes Benz Arena. They were telling the lovely lady who tried to organize the numbering, banners and stuff (Shout out to you sweetheart! You were amazing!) different things about the numbering (First they said saturday, then friday, suddently they told us fans saturday again) and that the VIPs didn’t need numbering, but then suddenly they did. Also On the picture of the MBA(Mercedes Benz Arena) It looked like VIP and FOS(Front of stage - our category) would be in one pit - turns out that’s not true.

Friday [Numbering Day]

We arrived pretty early on friday & went to pick up our albums (Pictures will follow after this post) & then went to our room (Super cute and pretty close to the MBA) and then 3 HOURS BEFORE THE NUMBERING STARTS we were like “Let’s go there early and talk to ppl!“ So we went there and we met the sweetest ppl actually (Special shout out to the sweetheart that turned 19 on the concert day!)  and me and my best friend left to go back to our room & pick up our jackets because it was getting cold. Suddenly my friend messages me. “Come back. everyone is standing. They start numbering.“ That was 2 hrs before numbering was supposed to start. So we ran back there (Lemme tell you - I DON’T RUN) and were there barely in time to stand with the rest. Got our numbers (55 & 56) and left. at that point everything was fine for FOS.

Remember how I said that VIP didn’t need numbering? - Well, later that day they were like “VIP DOES HAVE A NUMBERING IT STARTS AFTER FOS!“ Didn’t concern us . Still shitty thing to do

Saturday [Concert day - Before concert]

We woke up at 10 and by 1 pm the sweethearrt that stood in line with us was like “GUYS YOU HAVE TO COME NOW NUMBERING IS NOT OFFICIAL ANYMORE.“ So we run - again. And then we stand there and suddenly there are two FOS lines. The right one is for everyone that got their numbers friday, The left one for everyone who got their numbers Saturday bc there was a miscommunication during the night and they suddenly started with no.01 again. When we get there I suddenly turn responsible (Someone stop me) and start helping the others with giving information out and putting everyone in order. Unforunately (or fortunately maybe) I left for a while to go pick up my nose spray cause this stupid person has a chronic cold (it’s my fault so that’s why I’m stupid) and when we got back my other friend helped organizing. Some ppls were rly rude and annoyed and they even had to get the police to our line once.

After standing there for about 6 hours they let us in. Security was pretty nice. The only thing i thought was weird was that they didn’t do a body check on me? Like idk why? We went to the FOS are and actually stood right up front to the right . Due to even more people pushing to the front we were pushed together and we told one person that they should please stop pushing us (My best friend could barely stand on her toes, she was forced to tiptoe the entire time) and we had an argument that calmed down, but then my friend was on her tiptoes again and just stood back down on her feet and we all started argueing again and were all rly heated (we told them that they were pushing us and they thought that we were blaming them  when we actually weren’t trying to do that. I mean we can’t rly say that “The people behind you are pushing us“ when it’s them doing the pushing. U understand?) And then my best friend got mad and we switched places (She was now in front of me because I’m 4cm taller and could see a bit better)  and she blamed herself the entire time and was crouching because that was supposed to be my concert and due to the stress and argueing(I’m someone that doesn’t like to argue) I started crying like the crybaby  I am and in between I was actually close to fainting because I couldn’t breath properly and my fingers and lips were tingling because of the lack of oxygen. 

[This is where we stood without zoom. Would have uploaded the entire video but someone is singing rly off key. idk who tho]

Saturday [Concert]

When the concert started I had calmed down somethat and tried to make sure that the girls we had argued with had enough place - unfortunately that was barely possible because of the ppl behind all of us that started pushing. Some ppl ripped some hair out (Rip scalp), ppl rested their bodies and phones on us. Some even hit us with their lightsticks or phones ( By accident but they didn’t do anything to stop it if they noticed)

The concert itself was AMAZING. GD was so cute and adorable and he looks really good life. He felt really real in a way - like a person and less like a star. Just the way he spoke to us was really down to earth and he was sorta nervous. His english was hella cute. ROD was lit. Divina Commedia was super touching (We had some ppl from Italy in our hostel and the way they say it is just beautiful)  There was an interview of his friends & family talking about Gdragon and Kwon Jiyong - The way his family spoke of him was beautiful. They were proud of him and that made me happy for him.

The only thing I really realized was that this is his dream and that he basically gave up his private life to be able to make us happy. - And how do some ppl thank him? By following him around when he’s looking at the cities, by stalking him, by standing infront of restaurants he’s dining in, by screaming while he’s talking at concerts (If he stands back to give us time to scream and shout it’s fine - I was part of that screaming as well - but you don’t  scream at your friends face when their telling you something, right? That’s just rude) and that just somewhat broke my heart. I wish that fans could just be more polite sometimes. I’m all for asking him if you randomly see him on the streets. But if someone says “No“. Just leave them alone. You wouldn’t want that for yourself as well. That’s not fan love anymore - that’s creepy.

But that’s another thing to discuss, right? Concert was amazing, organisation was a mess - as always. Something that European KPOP fans & organisers just can’t seem to work out hahaha :D