#dipnoi

[mesozoicmarket]

A Triassic lungfish tooth plate, likely an Arganodus atlantis or Ceratodus arganensis from the Argana Group in the Argana Basin of Morocco. Arganodus has sometimes been synonomized with the genus Asiatoceratodus. This specimen comes from a very old French collection from the 1960s and unfortunately lacks detailed locale information.

[fishyfishyfishtimes]

can we get some dipnoi love i love these little guys

Of course, our fishy lobe-fin cousins deserve some love <3

Daily fish fact #591

Gilled lungfish!

They're notable for having three pairs of external gills which they retain into adulthood, and also for being the smallest lungfish species! Despite the gills, they're still obligate air breathers and can handle being buried in dried mud for months just like the other lungfishes.

[sporesgalaxy]

they hate her for her dipnoi lung-possessing swag. they want to confine her to water-breathing fish stereotypes

[helmetjellyfish]

hello! this post is going to be a little different from anything i've written before, because today we're looking at fish.

this fish, to be exact.

this fish is one of the many prehistoric creatures we see in minato's dreams from ch. 48. the translation team did a wonderful job identifying several creatures and explaining them in general, but i haven't seen any specific discussion about this one yet. so i figured i'd talk about what i think this fish is and what i think it represents.

the rest of this post will be under the cut, because there's lots of images and it's going to get quite long. here we go!

so what fish is this?

let's start by looking at these three images for reference:

(you may have noticed that the head shape of the fish in the first image is a bit different from the one in the second. however, since the rest of their bodies are very, very similar to each other, i'm assuming that they are intended to be the same fish and the head shape of the second one is closer to the 'correct' bodyplan.)

to begin with, we can see that the fins are attached to the body with these fleshy lobes, meaning that this fish is probably a "lobe-finned fish" belonging to the clade Sarcopterygii.

Sarcopterygii can be split up into three more clades:

Actinistia - the coelacanths and their close relatives

Dipnoi - the lungfishes and their close relatives

Tetrapodomorpha - the tetrapods (four-limbed vertebrates) and their close relatives

just based on morphology, we can narrow it down to Actinistia. so coelacanths! the thing with coelacanths is that one of their most notable characteristics is their weird tail:

this is a replica of the West Indian Ocean coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae), which is one of the two species alive today. here you can see that the tail is split up into three lobes: the top and bottom lobes are the same width and length, while the one in the middle is smaller and protrudes further out. their tail is diphycercal, which means that the vertebrae extend all the way to the tip of the tail and the tail itself is symmetrical.

both living species of coelacanth have a diphycercal tail. in fact, almost every single genus in Actinistia has a diphycercal tail. but our fish doesn't. its tail has only two lobes, where the bottom one is much bigger than the top, which is a heterocercal tail. why is that?

it turns out you have to look really, really, really far back in Actinistia to find fish without diphycercal tails. and when you look back far enough...

you find Miguashaia, a fish that lived during the Devonian period 365 million years ago. a fish that also happens to be the most primitive coelacanth we know.

in other (slightly more overgeneralizing) words, it's the oldest coelacanth, so old that it doesn’t even have one of the main features we now associate with coelacanths. neat!

okay. why do i care about this fish?

isn't it odd that we see this same fish following minato for multiple pages during the dream sequence, when most of the other creatures only appear for a single panel or two?

it's especially weird by the time we get to the reunion with nagiko, when we stop seeing any other prehistoric creatures in the foreground (save for the basilosaurus skeleton). but this fish still stays next to minato, and neither him nor nagiko seem to acknowledge its presence. it... doesn't really do anything either. it just hangs around at minato's side or right behind him, like it's watching over him.

doesn’t it look a bit out of place in this scene?

and then what’s stranger is that we see it again later on. when haruno voices his concerns about minato's mental state in ch. 50, the implication being that he thinks minato might follow his wife to the grave, we get this panel to go with it:

there’s the whale skeleton and lion’s mane jellyfish, both of which have been previously used to represent nagiko. there's minato, reaching out to the jellyfish with the hand he wears his wedding ring on. and then there’s... the fish again. as before, minato doesn't interact with it at all. in fact, his back is completely turned to it, but the fish is still continuing to watch him from afar.

i already had some suspicions even before ch. 50, but this panel is the one that made me go "oh, okay, so that's definitely supposed to be a person, right?".

nagiko isn't the only character in the story who's connected to a particular deep sea creature or two: there's nagisa with the dumbo octopus, shizuka with the basket star, ryou with the cookiecutter shark, etc. we haven't had anyone with a prehistoric species yet, let alone a prehistoric coelacanth, but we do have someone who's depicted with modern day coelacanths pretty frequently:

so who would be a likely candidate for its ancient relative: a fish that's distinct enough from its kin to be recognized as a separate entity, while still sharing many visual similarities?

who's the person that's the most likely to come to mind whenever minato thinks of nagiko? a person who had always been at his side in his younger days? a person that minato can't truly see or talk to in his dreams, because he remains out of his reach?

a person who still continues to haunt him, even now?

wonder who that could be.

[waeirfaahl]

The sea habitants issue

The Under the Sea episode was always a bit confusing, because it had quite weird elements, which raised questions to the characters Jack interacts with.

According to the sea habitants, Aku sank their city a long time ago, so they live at the bottom of the ocean. And they thought that if they capture Jack and bring to Aku, the demon will allow them to return from the sea or whatever. And when Aku teleported away after fight with Jack, their cities surfaced... I.e. they could do this themselves all along... Because nothing hindered them.

And there are already questions: First of all, what kind of technology or spell Aku used to sink their city? Extremely powerful ability, which is never demonstrated in the show. And, well, at least, in this episode only the sea habitants mention Aku as the one who sank them (they could tell that simply for getting Jack's trust the same way they lied him about a time machine, i.e. the exaggerated version of events, similar to the dogs-archeologists that I discussed here and here — like, I'd more quickly assume bad conditions of the work in mines and conflict about the fate of the ancient canine city). Similar thing I discussed in this post about the alien dudes from 2 episode of 1 season — I would even argue that if Aku really took everything from their planet, more sense for him (as an evil dictator, you know) to let them die, but he allowed to them to live only Earth instead, and he wanted only the statue from them, nothing more. The same lack of details happens with the sea habitants. I mean, for what Aku sank them? More sense for him to get all their wealth and to kill them all, if they did something he didn't like or whatever.

Second, why they so wanted to go back from the ocean? The episode demonstrates that they have cool technologies and weapons, they have enough food, they have a developed city and infrastructure, they don't have rivals or enemies. Like, later the classic seasons show that they are not the only sentient creatures that live under the sea. In Jack's amnesia episode Scotsman and Jack meet other sea habitants that greet Jack for help. They still can interact with other world, being under the sea.

Third, did they really lived on land in the past? Because they look like typical underwater creatures. Scales, flippers and other paraphernalia of amphibians and marine animals. They breath under the sea and feel fine at the bottom of the ocean. No way they could be from land. If you argue that they simply evolved during centuries, living in the ocean, my question — then how they survived the sinking in the first place and adapted to living in the water and to different pressure, especially at the floor of the ocean? How they were able to create this cool city with technologies? Why they wanted to return to the land, if their body is unsuitable for habitation on land anymore? Plus, what I noticed, they breath in the water and at the same time they can breath near Jack with oxygen. So, I would assume that their lungs are similar to a protopterus, i.e. they are dipnoi lungfish and can breath both in the water and in the land.

On another side, in 5 season we see that they still need water to breath, they can't breath without water... So, my questions remain.

And their fishes somehow can fly outside of the water, i.e. in air... Logic just shot itself... Honestly, more sense to make them just live under the sea and trade with other sea and land peoples and cities and kingdoms, but after some mistake (maybe little and so unimportant nobody would ever punish for this) Aku forbade them to trade with others and to go on the lands for this, i.e. he intentionally and forcefully isolated them. They felt that they can't survive in stagnation and isolation, there's no material to maintain technology and the city in a normal state, and the existing ones are gradually being depleted and become unusable, so they saw a chance to earn and to return Aku's mercy (hence to escape from this isolation) by bringing Jack to Aku. I see their backstory this way, honestly.

Plus, living on the surface in the middle of the sea or ocean is extremely reckless, impractical and deadly due to storms, typhoons, waterspouts and huge and powerful waves. Not to mention gigantic sea beasts.

[hypnosiacon-archive]

Hm.. top five jellyfish (or fish in general if there aren't enough jellyfish types)?

I can do both! Jellies first

Physalia physalis - man' o' war

Aurelia aurita

Cassiopea andromeda

Craspedacusta sowerbii

Rhizostoma pulmo

And order with fishes changes sometimes but here are the ones I do love

Chauliodus

Dunkleosteus

Regalecidae - Oarfishes

Anguilliformes - Eels

Erpetoichthys - Reedfish

Bonus mention for Lungfishes (Dipnoi), Gars, Arapaiminae and Koi fishes.

[ostracartderms]

Soederberghia, a Devonian lungfish, swims through a flooded swamp

[wtf-triassic]

Ceratodus

By Ripley Cook

Etymology: Horn tooth

First Described By: Agassiz, 1837

Classification: Biota, Archaea, Proteoarchaeota, Asgardarchaeota, Eukaryota, Neokaryota, Scotokaryota, Opimoda, Podiata, Amorphea, Obazoa, Opisthokonta, Holozoa, Filozoa, Choanozoa, Animalia, Eumetazoa, Parahoxozoa, Bilateria, Nephrozoa, Deuterostomia, Chordata, Olfactores, Vertebrata, Craniata, Gnathostomata, Eugnathostomata, Osteichthyes, Sarcopterygii, Rhipidistia, Dipnoi, Ceratodontiformes, Ceratodontidae

Referred Species: C. africanus, C. carteri, C. diutinus, C. elegans, C. eruciferus, C. felchi, C. fossanovum, C frazieri, C. guentheri, C. gustasoni, C. hierogyphus, C. humei, C. kempae, C. kranzi, C. latissimus, C. molossus, C. nirumbee, C. robustus, C. stewarti, C. szechuanensis, C. texanus, C. tunuensis

Status: Extinct 

Time and Place: 252 to 55 million years ago, from the Induan of the Early Triassic to the Ypresian of the Eocene.

Ceratodus is known from the United States, Peru, Uruguay, Greenland, Svalbard, South Africa, Madagascar, Morocco, Libya, Mali, Niger, Egypt, Sudan, Saudi Arabia, France, Spain, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, Germany, England, Russia, India, Mongolia, Thailand, and Australia.

Physical Description: Ceratodus is... a lungfish. Most of the fossil remains are distinctively-shaped teeth. These teeth are multicusped and in life would be incorporated into a solid crushing surface with other tissues in the mouth. Externally it would have looked very much like the Queensland lungfish. In fact, it used to be considered a species of Ceratodus, until it was moved to the genus Neoceratodus in 1977. Ceratodontiform morphology has changed little in the intervening time. Look at a lungfish and you know what Ceratodus was like.

Diet: Ceratodus would have eaten fish, small amphibians, a variety of invertebrates, and possibly plant matter, much like its living relative.

Behavior: Ceratodus is probably best compared to a fallen log. It would have sat quietly at the bottom of calm waters, waiting for food to come on by. It was likely primarily nocturnal, and more mobile at night. As a lungfish, it would have been able to breathe air, and thus would be able to survive its habitat drying up. Going off its modern relatives, it may have been able to live for absurdly long periods of time if left alone - captive Queensland lungfish can and have reached their 90’s.

Ecosystem: Ceratodus fossils are known from pretty much everywhere. In the Triassic, Ceratodus is known from North America, Europe, western Asia, India, and Australia. Most Ceratodus-bearing habitats were marshlands or other calm freshwater environments. Other Ceratodus-bearing sites are marine, meaning the Ceratodus found there were probably washed out to sea. The seasonal wetlands Ceratodus probably favored were also frequented by sharks such as Hybodus and xenacanthids, ray-finned fish, temnospondyls, and phytosaurs. The exact species vary by location; in North America, Ceratodus lived alongside phytosaurs like Rutiodon and Smilosuchus, while in Eurasia temnospondyls such as Metoposaurus and Cyclotosaurus were more common. Of course, many land-living animals would have come by these rivers to drink, such as cynodonts, rhynchosaurs, pseudosuchians, and early dinosaurs. To go more in-depth would make this article three times as large as it currently is.

Other: There’s a town in Queensland called Ceratodus.

~ By Henry Thomas

Sources under the Cut

Case, E.C. 1921. A new species of Ceratodus from the Upper Triassic of western Texas. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 101: 1-4.

Gunther, A.C.L.G. 1871. Description of Ceratodus, a genus of ganoid fishes, recently discovered in rivers of Queensland, Australia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 161: 511-571.

Kemp, A. 1993. Ceratodus diutinus, a new ceratodont from Cretaceous and Late Oligocene-medial Miocene deposits in Autralia. Journal of Paleontology 67 (5): 883-888.

Martin, M, Ingavat, R. 1982. First record of an upper Triassic ceratodontid (Dipnoi, Ceratodontiformes) in Thailand and its paleogeographical significance. Geobios 15 (1): 111-114.

http://www.paleobiodb.org

[animalids]

West African lungfish (Protopterus annectens)

Photo by Michel Gunther

[just-call-me-ishmael]

Photoset 1 from the Melbourne Museum with @captain-amaezing! 

1. Cast of Inostrancevia, a Permian gorgonopsid and a relative of ours

2. A beautiful Banded Iron Formation with pyrite. My finger there for scale.

3. Phar Lap, the famous Australian racehorse. 

4. A paper-mache(!!!) model of the human body. If that wasn’t labor intensive enough, it opens up to show the internal organs. 

5. Neoceratodus forsteri, or the Queensland lungfish. One of the few surviving lungfish, this guy is truly a living fossil. 

6. The magnificent skull of Physeter macrocephalus, or the sperm whale. 

7. The skull of Janjucetus, a stem mysticete with teeth!

8. Aboriginal sculpture of my favorite marsupial, the tassie devil.

9. A quality rancho.

10. The arching skull of the pygmy blue whale, a subspecies, Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda. 

(Part 1) (Part 2)

[probablysearpgideas]

what was previously thought to be an uninhabited land is now bursting with Dipnoi, a forgotten race who burrow into soft earth during times of drought or danger. a greedy king had bought the land and demands that the dipnoi be removed or even executed for trespassing. the players have been recruited for the task and must choose between dooming an innocent race or facing the wraith of the king.

[mesozoicmarket]

A Triassic lungfish tooth plate of an Arganodus dorotheae from the Bull Canyon Formation in Quay County, New Mexico, United States. Arganodus has sometimes been synonomized with the genus Asiatoceratodus.

[tetrapodomorpha]

What is your favorite uncharismatic fauna?

lungfish! particularly the australian lungfish but i love all the dipnoi bois with my entire heart

[noneun]

Le ampolle di Lorenzini sono speciali organi di senso posseduti dagli Elasmobranchi (squali e razze) e da alcune specie di Condrostei e Dipnoi [1] [2]. Si trovano nella parte anteriore della testa e formano una rete di canali costituite da piccole sacche con celle piene di gel elettro-conduttivo da cui si dipartono dei piccoli tubi che si aprono sulla superficie della pelle mediante pori.

Attraverso questi organi gli squali e le razze riescono ad individuare i campi elettromagnetici prodotti da eventuali prede. Più specificamente riescono a rilevare la differenza di potenziale elettrico tra l'estremità del poro e la base delle cellule elettroricettive. La soglia di sensibilità di alcuni squali può essere anche a solo 5 nV/cm. Attraverso le ampolle gli animali sono in grado di percepire il campo magnetico terrestre, sono quindi organi usati anche per l'orientamento.

Furono scoperte e descritte da Stefano Lorenzini nel 1678.

[dragonflame7337]

Fakemon Adopts

I honestly had a lot of fun designing these. Behold, two friends!

-Balloon Lungfish Line: CLOSED

Dipnuck (Dipnoi + Muck)

Ground/Water Type

Dipnuck normally lives in water, but can survive years out of it by filling their lungs with air and burying themselves in mud. They like to bounce around, inflated like a balloon.

Dipnuck evolves into Zeppelung.

Zeppelung (Zeppelin + Lung + Lungfish)

Ground/Flying Type

Upon evolution, its lungs expand and fill with air enough to permanently keep it afloat. Companies use it to display messages in the sky.

[netmassimo]

Un articolo pubblicato sulla rivista "Science Advances" riporta uno studio su pesci della specie Neoceratodus forsteri che offre nuove informazioni sull'evoluzione delle pinne dei pesci negli arti dei tetrapodi. Un team di ricercatori guidato dal dottor Joost Woltering dell'Università tedesca di Costanza ha studiato in particolare le caratteristiche anatomiche e genetiche di embrioni di Neoceratodus forsteri. Il risultato è stata la conferma dell'importanza di alcuni geni con nuove informazioni sui geni coinvolti e la scoperta di una mano primitiva nelle pinne di questo pesce, che suggerisce un'evoluzione degli arti con dita attraverso cambiamenti embrionali.