#diodes and triodes

[rfantennaindia]

schottky diode smd - PCB Antenna

A diode is a two-terminal electronic component that allows current to flow in one direction while blocking it in the other direction. It is a semiconductor device made up of a p-type material and an n-type material, which are joined together to form a p-n junction.

Diodes are commonly used in electronic circuits for a variety of purposes, such as rectification (converting AC to DC), voltage regulation, and signal modulation. They are also used in power supply circuits, lighting circuits, and electronic displays.

[boypussydilf]

the graybles eps r so funny just for cuber. if you thought adventure time slang was weird NOW wait until language has changed over ANOTHER thousand years. actually he might just be an alien idk.

[forgottenbones]

Why The First Computers Were Made Out Of Light Bulbs

[systemtek]

The History of the Valve Radio: From Innovation to Nostalgia Valve radios, also known as vacuum tube radios, occupy a special place in the history of technology. They marked the dawn of modern broadcasting and communication, enabling the spread of information and entertainment to the masses. This blog explores the fascinating history of valve radios, their development, significance, and lasting legacy. The Birth of the Valve Radio: Early 20th Century The Invention of the Vacuum Tube The foundation of the valve radio was the invention of the vacuum tube (or "valve" in British English) in the early 1900s. The key figure was John Ambrose Fleming, who, in 1904, patented the first thermionic valve, known as the Fleming diode. This device could convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC), a crucial step in amplifying weak electrical signals. In 1906, Lee De Forest built upon Fleming's work by inventing the Audion triode, a vacuum tube capable of amplifying signals. This invention revolutionized communication technology, making long-distance wireless telephony and efficient radio transmission possible. Valve Radios in the 1920s and 1930s: A New Era of Broadcasting The Emergence of Commercial Radio In the 1920s, the development of valve radios coincided with the birth of commercial radio broadcasting. Stations like KDKA in Pittsburgh began regular programming in 1920, offering news, music, and entertainment to the public. Valve radios became the primary means for people to access these broadcasts. Design and Popularity Early valve radios were bulky and expensive, but technological advances soon made them more compact and affordable. By the mid-1920s, radios had become a common household item in many Western countries. Manufacturers like RCA, Marconi, and Philips led the market, producing increasingly reliable and aesthetically pleasing sets. Cultural Impact The valve radio became a cultural phenomenon, connecting communities and fostering a shared experience. People gathered around radios to listen to speeches, sports, and serialized dramas. It played a significant role in creating a sense of unity, particularly during pivotal events like World War II. Technical Evolution: The Golden Age of Valve Radios Advances in Technology The 1930s and 1940s saw significant improvements in valve radio technology. The development of the superheterodyne receiver, invented by Edwin Armstrong, dramatically improved sound quality and selectivity, enabling clearer reception of distant stations. Additionally, innovations in multi-valve designs allowed for enhanced amplification, tone control, and features like shortwave reception, making radios versatile tools for communication. Wartime Applications During World War II, valve radios played a vital role in both civilian and military communication. Portable field radios and military communication systems relied heavily on vacuum tube technology. Meanwhile, at home, radios were the primary source of news about the war effort. Post-War Boom and Decline Consumer Boom After World War II, valve radios experienced a golden age. They became more affordable and featured sleek, modern designs that complemented post-war optimism. Manufacturers like Zenith, Grundig, and Bush introduced high-fidelity systems, transforming the listening experience. The Arrival of Transistors The invention of the transistor in 1947 by John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley marked the beginning of the end for valve radios. Transistors were smaller, more energy-efficient, and more durable than vacuum tubes. By the 1960s, transistor radios were dominating the market, making valve radios obsolete. Legacy and Revival Nostalgia and Collecting Despite being replaced by transistors, valve radios never truly disappeared. Enthusiasts and collectors appreciate them for their warm sound quality, intricate craftsmanship, and historical significance. Many hobbyists restore and maintain vintage valve radios, ensuring that these icons of the past continue to be enjoyed. Influence on Modern Audio The warm, rich sound produced by vacuum tubes has led to a resurgence in their use, particularly in high-end audio equipment and guitar amplifiers. The valve radio's legacy lives on in audiophile circles and the design of retro-inspired electronics. Conclusion The valve radio was more than just a technological innovation; it was a cultural cornerstone that brought information, music, and entertainment into people's lives. Its history reflects the rapid pace of technological advancement in the 20th century and serves as a testament to human ingenuity. Today, valve radios are cherished relics, offering a tangible connection to a bygone era when the crackle of the airwaves brought the world into our living rooms. Whether admired as antiques or appreciated for their nostalgic charm, they remain a symbol of the transformative power of communication. Read the full article

[andris1968]

1950’S TRANSISTOR TRAINING FILM " SEMI-CONDUCTORS: DIODE AND TRIODE FUN...

[98995]

Best Capacitors manufacturer in India

Electronic component:

An electronic component is any basic discrete electronic device or physical entity part of an electronic system used to affect electrons or their associated fields. Electronic components are mostly industrial products, available in a singular form and are not to be confused with electrical elements, which are conceptual abstractions representing idealized electronic components and elements. A datasheet for an electronic component is a technical document that provides detailed information about the component’s specifications, characteristics, and performance.

Advantages of Electronic components:

These leads connect to other electrical components, often over wire, to create an electronic circuit with a particular function (for example an amplifier, radio receiver, or oscillator). Basic electronic components may be packaged discretely, as arrays or networks of like components, or integrated inside of packages such as semiconductor integrated circuits, hybrid integrated circuits, or thick film devices. The following list of electronic components focuses on the discrete version of these components, treating such packages as components in their own right.

Classification Electronic components:

Active components rely on a source of energy (usually from the DC circuit, which we have chosen to ignore) and usually can inject power into a circuit, though this is not part of the definition.[1] Active components include amplifying components such as transistors, triode vacuum tubes (valves), and tunnel diodes.

Passive components cannot introduce net energy into the circuit. They also cannot rely on a source of power, except for what is available from the (AC) circuit they are connected to. As a consequence, they cannot amplify (increase the power of a signal), although they may increase a voltage or current (such as is done by a transformer or resonant circuit). Passive components include two-terminal components such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, and transformers.

Electromechanical components can carry out electrical operations by using moving parts or by using electrical connections.

Most passive components with more than two terminals can be described in terms of two-port parameters that satisfy the principle of reciprocity — though there are rare exceptions.[2] In contrast, active components (with more than two terminals) generally lack that property.

Explore our wide range of resistor options designed to meet your electronic component needs. Discover SMD resistors and DIP resistors, available in various power ratings and resistance values, providing versatile solutions for circuit designs.

Additionally, we offer Ceramic Varactors for applications requiring variable capacitance. For higher power applications, our Wire Wound Resistors provide excellent performance and durability. Looking for light-dependent resistors (LDRs) We have those too!

For bulk production, we offer SMD resistor reels, providing convenience and efficiency in large-scale manufacturing. Browse our selection and find the perfect resistors for your electronic projects.

Electronic components like Resistors, Capacitors, Inductors, semiconductor ICs, Relays form the backbone of all the technological advances today. With these, you can design any system, any model for your project.

As the saying goes “You want it, we got it” and we at robu take extra pride in providing the highest quality products to fulfill your ideas at the best price.

All products are shipped within 24 hours and delivered right to your doorstep with the minimum shipping charges.

Film resistors are essential components in electronic circuits, offering precise resistance values. Browse our comprehensive selection of film resistors, including carbon film and metal film variants, renowned for their stability and reliability. Explore various wattages, tolerances, and sizes suitable for diverse applications, from basic circuits to intricate electronic projects.

With exceptional temperature stability and low noise performance, our film resistors ensure optimal functionality in your designs. Whether you’re a hobbyist or a seasoned engineer, find the perfect film resistors to meet your requirements and elevate your projects.

Trust in our quality offerings for dependable performance and seamless integration into your circuits.

[cynthia-hitechpcba]

Component description of PCBA patch processing

PCBA patch processing mainly includes two major processes: PCB circuit board production and SMT patch processing. Electronic components are indispensable in the process. Electronic components are the basic part of PCBA patch processing and an important factor affecting the performance and quality of PCBA finished products. So what are the commonly used electronic components for PCBA patch processing?

1. Resistor

Resistors are electronic components with resistance characteristics and are one of the most widely used components in PCBA processing. Resistors are divided into fixed resistors and variable resistors (potentiometers), which play the role of voltage division, current division and current limiting in the circuit.

2. Capacitors

Capacitors are also one of the basic components in PCBA processing. They are components that store electrical energy and play the role of coupling, filtering, DC isolation and tuning in electronic circuits.

3. Inductor coils

Inductor coils are referred to as inductors and have the function of storing magnetic energy. Inductor coils are usually composed of skeletons, windings, shielding covers, magnetic cores, etc.

4. Potentiometers

Resistors with variable resistance values, that is, resistors that can be continuously adjusted within a specified range, are called potentiometers. The potentiometer consists of a housing, a sliding end, a rotating shaft, a ring resistor and three lead-out terminals.

5. Transformer

The transformer consists of an iron core (or magnetic core) and a coil. The coil has two or more windings, of which the winding connected to the power supply is called the primary coil, and the remaining windings are called the secondary coil.

The transformer is a device that converts voltage, current and impedance. When an AC current flows through the primary coil, an AC magnetic flux is generated in the iron core (or magnetic core), causing a voltage (or current) to be induced in the secondary coil. The transformer is mainly used for AC voltage conversion, current conversion, power transmission, impedance conversion and buffer isolation, etc. It is one of the indispensable important components in the PCBA machine.

6. Crystal diode

The crystal diode (i.e. semiconductor diode, hereinafter referred to as diode) is made of a PN junction, electrode leads and an external sealed tube shell, and it has a unidirectional conductive characteristic.

7. Crystal triode

The crystal triode (hereinafter referred to as triode) is the core device for signal amplification and processing, and is widely used in PCBA machines.

8. Field Effect Transistor

Field effect transistor (FET for short) is also a semiconductor device with PN junction. Unlike triode, it does not use the conductive property of PN junction, but its insulating property.

9. Electroacoustic Device

The device used to complete the conversion between electrical signal and sound signal in the circuit is called electroacoustic device. There are many types of it, including speakers, microphones, headphones (or earplugs), transmitters, receivers, etc.

10. Photoelectric Device

Photoconductive devices that work with the photosensitive properties of semiconductors, photovoltaic cells and semiconductor light-emitting devices that work with semiconductor photovoltaics are collectively referred to as photoelectric devices.

11. Display Device

Electronic display device refers to a photoelectric conversion device that converts electrical signals into optical signals, that is, a device used to display numbers, symbols, text or images. It is a key component of electronic display devices and has a great impact on the performance of display devices.

12. Sensor

The sensor can sense the specified measured value and convert it into a usable signal according to a certain rule. It is usually composed of a sensitive element and a conversion element.

13. Surface Mount Components

Surface mount components (SMC and SMD) are also called patch components or chip components. They include resistors, capacitors, inductors and semiconductor devices, etc. They have the characteristics of small size, light weight, no leads or very short leads, high installation density, high reliability, good vibration resistance, and easy automation.

14. Thyristor

SCR, short for silicon-controlled rectifier, is a high-power semiconductor device with a four-layer structure of three PN junctions, also known as thyristor. It has the characteristics of small size, relatively simple structure and strong functions, and is one of the more commonly used semiconductor devices.

15. Switches, relays, and various connectors

Switches are used to cut off, connect or convert circuits in electronic equipment. Relays are automatic control devices that will change the output in a jumpy manner when the input quantity (electricity, magnetism, sound, light, heat) reaches a certain value.

If you have interest in our service, please feel freely contact Cynthia at sales11@hitechpcb.com & 86 18126197150.

[alisa-hitechpcb]

SMT production process

Program the SMT placement machine

According to the BOM position map provided by the customer, program the coordinates of the location of the components. Then carry out the first piece with the SMT chip processing data provided by the customer.

Printing solder paste

The solder paste is stenciled to the PCB board where the electronic component SMD needs to be soldered to prepare for the soldering of the components. The equipment used is a screen printing machine (printing machine), which is located at the forefront of the SMT chip processing production line.

SPI

Solder paste detector, detects whether the solder paste printing is a good product, whether there is less tin, leaking tin, more tin and other undesirable phenomena.

4.SMT

Accurately install the electronic components SMD on the fixed position of the PCB. The equipment used is a placement machine, which is located behind the screen printing machine in the SMT production line.

The placement machine is divided into high-speed machine and general-purpose machine.

High-speed machine: used to paste components with large pin spacing and small pin spacing

Universal machine: paste small pin pitch (pin density), bulky components.

High temperature solder paste melting

Mainly, the solder paste is melted at high temperature, and after cooling, the electronic components SMD and the PCB board are firmly welded together. The equipment used is a reflow soldering furnace, which is located behind the placement machine in the SMT production line.

AOI

Automatic optical detector to detect whether the soldered PCBA components have poor soldering, such as tombstone, displacement, empty soldering, etc.

Visual inspection

The key items of manual inspection and inspection: whether the PCBA version is the changed version; whether the customer requires components to use substitute materials or components of designated brands and brands; IC, diodes, triodes, tantalum capacitors, aluminum capacitors, switches, etc. Whether the direction of the directional components is correct; defects after welding: short circuit, open circuit, fake parts, fake welding.

Packaging

Products that have passed the test will be packaged separately. The commonly used packaging materials are anti-static bubble bags, electrostatic cotton, and blister trays. There are two main packaging methods, one is to use anti-static bubble bags or electrostatic cotton into rolls, which are the most commonly used packaging methods at present; the other is to customize blister trays according to the size of PCBA. Put it in a blister tray and unpack it, mainly for PCBA boards that are sensitive and have vulnerable patch components.

[funnysideolife]

Watch "As Foxconn-Vedanta deal snaps, a look at semiconductors & 'design giant' India’s 40-yr chip struggle" on YouTube

In layman's term a semiconductor has minaturised huge electronic ckts. These electronic ckt were earlier made of glass tubes called triodes and diodes out of which logical ckt were made and a single blow of any tube would stall the whole system

The triode got replaced with transistors but still occupied space ,with the advent of semiconductors ,the physical space occupied by a single transistor on printed circuit board, now can be filled with millions of transistors.This is the magic of semiconductors which brought about miniturisation

Moreover These electronic ckts were not robust,they consumed lot of electricity,and space.

With the invention of semiconductors, computing power has increased million folds a smart phone has more computing power which can easily fit in your poket than an earlier Main frame computers which occupied 1000 's sq foot area earlier.

Nano technology is packing more logical ckts on the earlier version of semiconductor with size remaining the same or even getting minaturised further.

THIS IS HOW YOU SHOULD EXPLAIN.A JOURNALIST LIKE U SHOULD CONSULT SOME EXPERT ,RATHER THAN SPEAK IN A CONFUSED WAY.

You waisted many minutes

Mohalli was the wrong choice ...for SCL

[smartximtechnology]

Exploring the Ultimate Electronic Component Guide

As the world becomes more digitized and interconnected, electronic components have become an integral part of modern society. From smartphones to automobiles, electronic devices are ubiquitous, and each one is made up of a complex network of electronic components. In this article, we will explore the ultimate electronic component guide, focusing on the triode manufacturer, diode distributor, and…

[vans213]

How Can You Recover Precious Metals From Electronic Wastes?

It is not only the gold that makes your old electronic gadgets precious. They have various metals like platinum, copper, silver and similar other metals. Some people may have told you that old electronic gadget, especially their integrated circuits, diode and transistors are made of gold. Then, is your mobile a good source of gold? Probably, it is not. Gold might be a precious metal but it cannot carry electricity as other metals can. So, apart from gold, many other metals can be used for some reasons. So, let’s consider electronic waste and look into it to notice what is inside it.

The current trend of e-waste

Most people know that e-waste is made of precious metals (PMs), and has some great economic value, but most researchers and recycling experts do not have invested time in finding them out. Hence, it is still new to the world to recycle e-waste and bring out PMs.

For a brief moment, it is possible to obtain something from e-waste. Hence, it is possible to recover at least some of the value of the investment from the IT equipment but only from gold.

The Motherlode of e-waste is and its myth

E-Waste may contain various kinds of plastic materials and other ad-hoc metals that are always common to every piece of equipment used to build the cases and bodies. Glass, plastic, fiber, etc., are the materials that are very common in building traditional electronic gadgets. On the other hand, it contains IC, transistors, diodes, and triodes. It also contains capacitors and resistors. They all contain precious metals, but not for high electric conductivity and precise electric supply, but to improve the corrosion resistance and hardness of electronic devices.

Volume is the key

When attempting to extract valuable precious metals from electronic waste, you must consider collecting a large number of electronic devices. More specifically, you have to collect a huge amount of circuit boards like the RAMs, processors, ICs and all other related boards where a lot of ICs and memory chips are attached. To accumulate enough gold, platinum, silver, palladium, nickel, copper, aluminum, lithium, and some other rare metals, a lot of scrap IT products are essential. As a result, the accumulation of PMs is dependent on the collection and proper processing of e-waste.

Different local collectors and companies that accumulate all these materials are called “urban miners." 

As the gold rush goes on, other materials are mingled with the other materials, and the value of precious metals, reducing the processing and recycling costs. However, gold is not the only material that you will find from IT waste. We have mentioned the other materials that you will find from this waste.

Is there any importance of IT Hardware waste?

Yes, IT hardware has value in three ways. Resale gives a great amount if the product is good in its quality. Resale its parts. And the third is critically innovative to retrieve PMs from them.

All the ways you can get benefits from all this IT hardware waste depends on its present condition. The component's modernity, performance, storage type, device category, and, finally, the overall process for locating precious metals

If the product is out of life

When the product is out of its life, there is no way except for destroying the products in bulk in a way that will be safe for the environment and bring out the metals with which it is made.

How are they bought or collected?

Scrap commodities are traded by weight or in bulk. The collectors provide a bulk price for all the IT products. Sometimes, they collect the hardware parts only by weight.

The recycling process

Previously, it is mentioned that when any part is reusable, they are used for that purpose. On the other hand, when they are not reusable, they are destroyed and sent to the demolition ground for bringing out the precious metals. The latter is always taken into account in some industries so that e-waste does not harm or pollute Mother Earth and processing experts profit from it. The quantity of precious metals is a fraction of their original weight.

An approximate measure of derived metals

Scrap IT commodities are measured in weight. 8 LB laptops or 25lb monitors may contain a few grams of precious metals at most. Amazingly, the majority of the device’s weight comes from less valuable materials like plastic, and aluminum. Iron, nickel, rung, glass and more. The valuable metals remain only on the IC, transistors, processors, RAMs and similar other equipment.

Going deeper into the scrapped material and its derived products, shredded laptops might end up being the material worth about $10 per pound of material. However, old laptops and IT devices produce more precious materials, including gold. Newer generation devices comparatively produce less gold as the researchers try to reduce the production cost.

Modern IT equipment is forced to design with less cost, thinner, lighter and less resource investing produces.

The sum of IT parts and derived PMs

Some devices are resold or reused. This will bring out some extra amount compared to the derivation of precious metals. The value of metals is here irrelevant. When they are not reusable and come to the demolition center, they are targeted to bring out the precious metals. The laptop RAM, processors etc. come out from the collectors in bulk and are sent to the special demolition ground to bring out the metals embedded in it.

In this way, the bulk IT products are collected and sent to derive precious metals as well as other by-products that will give a huge source of plastic, fiber, regular metals, as well as precious metals. As a result, precious metals recovery has been handled by a much-improved recycling facility.

If you want to start a lucrative business with all these IT wastes, you can contact Vans Chemistry. Contact them now.

[ajason798-blog]

diode LED element forming machine.mp4 from ASCEN technology on Vimeo.

ascen.ltd/Products/raidal_lead_former/ Diode LED element forming machine apply to LED/light emitting diode,triode,aluminum electrolytic capacitor,metallic film capacitor,safety capacitor,quartz crystal and other upright type elements,which packed by in bulk or tape type.

[pagooda]

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[fuzzkaizer]

Rerun Electronics - The Marconi Musical Modulator 

“Built for Daniel Glatzel – Andromeda Mega Express Orchestra The Maconi Musical Modulator is a tube ring modulator effect unit built from an old defective Marconi universal bridge measuring device. When Daniel first expressed interest in an effects unit, we talked about many different possibilities: from a wah wah, to a reverb unit, and so on. However, what he really wanted was something that was very distinctive and prominent, hence we decided on a ring modulator. Normally seen as unmusical and rather harsh, this unit is anything but. First off, the signal goes through a simple transformer, then a vintage Germanium bridge rectifier and back through another transformer. This is the classic method of a passive ring modulator. The signal is then amplified by a single triode and mixed with the “dry” signal. The dry signal actually is able to be effected as well while a gain, mids and tone control are all available. The carrier section includes a multi-waveform (square, triangle or sine) inbuilt oscillator. A frequency range control on the large dial allows for a frequency from 10Hz to 1MHz in ten switchable steps– the pot in the middle allows the user to sweep this frequency. With a multi-turn null pot (here labelled “Sensitivity”) and perfectly matched diodes, carrier bleed-through is non-existent. The black jack input accepts an external carrier signal. Check out the unit in action by seeing the Andromeda Mega Express Orchestra!”

cred:  rerun-electronics.com

[vaulttecvevo]

antique market haul from yesterday, two triode-heptodes, one double diode vari-mu pentode, and one w completely rubbed off markings

[mundo-electronico]

Symbols of Sockets of Vacuum Tubes

https://www.electrical-symbols.com/electric-electronic-symbols/vacuum-tubes-symbols.htm#symbols_sockets_vacuum_tubes