#different breeds have different needs but the basic principles still apply | Explore Tumblr posts and blogs

antoine-roquentin · 4 years ago

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If every language is acquirable, its acquisition requires a real portion of a person’s life: each new conquest is measured against shortening days. What limits one’s access to other languages is not their imperviousness but one’s own mortality. Hence a certain privacy to all languages. French and American imperialists governed, exploited, and killed Vietnamese over many years. But whatever else they made off with, the Vietnamese language stayed put. Accordingly, only too often, a rage at Vietnamese ‘inscrutability,’ and that obscure despair which engenders the venomous argots of dying colonialisms: ‘gooks,’ ‘ratons’, etc.12 (In the longer run, the only responses to the vast privacy of the language of the oppressed are retreat or further massacre.) Such epithets are, in their inner form, characteristically racist, and decipherment of this form will serve to show why Nairn is basically mistaken in arguing that racism and anti-semitism derive from nationalism – and thus that ‘seen in sufficient historical depth, fascism tells us more about nationalism than any other episode.’13 A word like ‘slant,’ for example, abbreviated from ‘slant-eyed’, does not simply express an ordinary political enmity. It erases nation-ness by reducing the adversary to his biological physiognomy.14 It denies, by substituting for, ‘Vietnamese;’ just as raton denies, by substituting for, ‘Algerian’. At the same time, it stirs ‘Vietnamese’ into a nameless sludge along with ‘Korean,’ ‘Chinese,’ ‘Filipino,’ and so on. The character of this vocabulary may become still more evident if it is contrasted with other Vietnam-War-period words like ‘Charlie’ and ‘V.C.’, or from an earlier era, ‘Boches,’ ‘Huns,’ ‘Japs’ and ‘Frogs,’ all of which apply only to one specific nationality, and thus concede, in hatred, the adversary’s membership in a league of nations.15 The fact of the matter is that nationalism thinks in terms of historical destinies, while racism dreams of eternal contaminations, transmitted from the origins of time through an endless sequence of loathsome copulations: outside history. Niggers are, thanks to the invisible tar-brush, forever niggers; Jews, the seed of Abraham, forever Jews, no matter what passports they carry or what languages they speak and read. (Thus for the Nazi, the Jewish German was always an impostor.)16 The dreams of racism actually have their origin in ideologies of class, rather than in those of nation: above all in claims to divinity among rulers and to ‘blue’ or ‘white’ blood and ‘breeding’ among aristocracies.17 No surprise then that the putative sire of modern racism should be, not some petty-bourgeois nationalist, but Joseph Arthur, Comte de Gobineau.18 Nor that, on the whole, racism and anti-semitism manifest themselves, not across national boundaries, but within them. In other words, they justify not so much foreign wars as domestic repression and domination.19 Where racism developed outside Europe in the nineteenth century, it was always associated with European domination, for two converging reasons. First and most important was the rise of official nationalism and colonial ‘Russification’. As has been repeatedly emphasized official nationalism was typically a response on the part of threatened dynastic and aristocratic groups – upper classes – to popular vernacular nationalism. Colonial racism was a major element in that conception of ‘Empire’ which attempted to weld dynastic legitimacy and national community. It did so by generalizing a principle of innate, inherited superiority on which its own domestic position was (however shakily) based to the vastness of the overseas possessions, covertly (or not so covertly) conveying the idea that if, say, English lords were naturally superior to other Englishmen, no matter: these other Englishmen were no less superior to the subjected natives. Indeed one is tempted to argue that the existence of late colonial empires even served to shore up domestic aristocratic bastions, since they appeared to confirm on a global, modern stage antique conceptions of power and privilege. It could do so with some effect because – and here is our second reason – the colonial empire, with its rapidly expanding bureaucratic apparatus and its ‘Russifying’ policies, permitted sizeable numbers of bourgeois and petty bourgeois to play aristocrat off centre court: i.e. anywhere in the empire except at home. In each colony one found this grimly amusing tableau vivant: the bourgeois gentilhomme speaking poetry against a backcloth of spacious mansions and gardens filled with mimosa and bougainvillea, and a large supporting cast of houseboys, grooms, gardeners, cooks, amahs, maids, washerwomen, and, above all, horses.20 Even those who did not manage to live in this style, such as young bachelors, nonetheless had the grandly equivocal status of a French nobleman on the eve of a jacquerie:21 In Moulmein, in lower Burma [this obscure town needs explaining to readers in the metropole], I was hated by large numbers of people – the only time in my life that I have been important enough for this to happen to me. I was sub-divisional police officer of the town. This ‘tropical Gothic’ was made possible by the overwhelming power that high capitalism had given the metropole – a power so great that it could be kept, so to speak, in the wings. Nothing better illustrates capitalism in feudal-aristocratic drag than colonial militaries, which were notoriously distinct from those of the metropoles, often even in formal institutional terms. 22 Thus in Europe one had the ‘First Army,’ recruited by conscription on a mass, citizen, metropolitan base; ideologically conceived as the defender of the heimat; dressed in practical, utilitarian khaki; armed with the latest affordable weapons; in peacetime isolated in barracks, in war stationed in trenches or behind heavy field-guns. Outside Europe one had the ‘Second Army,’ recruited (below the officer level) from local religious or ethnic minorities on a mercenary basis; ideologically conceived as an internal police force; dressed to kill in bed-or ballroom; armed with swords and obsolete industrial weapons; in peace on display, in war on horseback. If the Prussian General Staff, Europe’s military teacher, stressed the anonymous solidarity of a professionalized corps, ballistics, railroads, engineering, strategic planning, and the like, the colonial army stressed glory, epaulettes, personal heroism, polo, and an archaizing courtliness among its officers. (It could afford to do so because the First Army and the Navy were there in the background.) This mentality survived a long time. In Tonkin, in 1894, Lyautey wrote:23 Quel dommage de n’être pas venu ici dix ans plus tôt! Quelles carrières à y fonder et à y mener. Il n’y a pas ici un de ces petits lieutenants, chefs de poste et de reconnaissance, qui ne développe en 6 mois plus d’initiative, de volonté, d’endurance, de personnalité, qu’un officier de France en toute sa carrière. In Tonkin, in 1951, Jean de Lattre de Tassigny, ‘who liked officers who combined guts with “style,” took an immediate liking to the dashing cavalryman [Colonel de Castries] with his bright-red Spahi cap and scarf, his magnificent riding-crop, and his combination of easy-going manners and ducal mien, which made him as irresistible to women in Indochina in the 1950s as he had been to Parisiennes of the 1930s.’24 Another instructive indication of the aristocratic or pseudo-aristocratic derivation of colonial racism was the typical ‘solidarity among whites,’ which linked colonial rulers from different national metropoles, whatever their internal rivalries and conflicts. This solidarity, in its curious trans-state character, reminds one instantly of the class solidarity of Europe’s nineteenth-century aristocracies, mediated through each other’s hunting-lodges, spas, and ballrooms; and of that brotherhood of ‘officers and gentlemen,’ which in the Geneva convention guaranteeing privileged treatment to captured enemy officers, as opposed to partisans or civilians, has an agreeably twentieth-century expression. The argument adumbrated thus far can also be pursued from the side of colonial populations. For, the pronouncements of certain colonial ideologues aside, it is remarkable how little that dubious entity known as ‘reverse racism’ manifested itself in the anticolonial movements. In this matter it is easy to be deceived by language. There is, for example, a sense in which the Javanese word londo (derived from Hollander or Nederlander) meant not only ‘Dutch’ but ‘whites.’ But the derivation itself shows that, for Javanese peasants, who scarcely ever encountered any ‘whites’ but Dutch, the two meanings effectively overlapped. Similarly, in French colonial territories, ‘les blancs’ meant rulers whose Frenchness was indistinguishable from their whiteness. In neither case, so far as I know, did londo or blanc either lose caste or breed derogatory secondary distinctions.25 On the contrary, the spirit of anticolonial nationalism is that of the heart-rending Constitution of Makario Sakay’s short-lived Republic of Katagalugan (1902), which said, among other things:26 No Tagalog, born in this Tagalog archipelago, shall exalt any person above the rest because of his race or the colour of his skin; fair, dark, rich, poor, educated and ignorant – all are completely equal, and should be in one loób [inward spirit]. There may be differences in education, wealth, or appearance, but never in essential nature (pagkatao) and ability to serve a cause. One can find without difficulty analogies on the other side of the globe. Spanish-speaking mestizo Mexicans trace their ancestries, not to Castilian conquistadors, but to half-obliterated Aztecs, Mayans, Toltecs and Zapotecs. Uruguayan revolutionary patriots, creoles themselves, took up the name of Tupac Amarú, the last great indigenous rebel against creole oppression, who died under unspeakable tortures in 1781. It may appear paradoxical that the objects of all these attachments are ‘imagined’ – anonymous, faceless fellow-Tagalogs, exterminated tribes, Mother Russia, or the tanah air. But amor patriae does not differ in this respect from the other affections, in which there is always an element of fond imagining. (This is why looking at the photo-albums of strangers’ weddings is like studying the archaeologist’s groundplan of the Hanging Gardens of Babylon.) What the eye is to the lover – that particular, ordinary eye he or she is born with – language – whatever language history has made his or her mother-tongue – is to the patriot. Through that language, encountered at mother’s knee and parted with only at the grave, pasts are restored, fellowships are imagined, and futures dreamed. 12. The logic here is: 1. I will be dead before I have penetrated them. 2. My power is such that they have had to learn my language. 3. But this means that my privacy has been penetrated. Terming them ‘gooks’ is small revenge. 13. The Break-up of Britain, pp. 337 and 347. 14. Notice that there is no obvious, selfconscious antonym to ‘slant.’ ‘Round’? ‘Straight’? ‘Oval’? 15. Not only, in fact, in an earlier era. Nonetheless, there is a whiff of the antique-shop about these words of Debray: ‘I can conceive of no hope for Europe save under the hegemony of a revolutionary France, firmly grasping the banner of independence. Sometimes I wonder if the whole “anti-Boche” mythology and our secular antagonism to Germany may not be one day indispensable for saving the revolution, or even our national-democratic inheritance.’ ‘Marxism and the National Question,’ p. 41. 16. The significance of the emergence of Zionism and the birth of Israel is that the former marks the reimagining of an ancient religious community as a nation, down there among the other nations – while the latter charts an alchemic change from wandering devotee to local patriot. 17. ‘From the side of the landed aristocracy came conceptions of inherent superiority in the ruling class, and a sensitivity to status, prominent traits well into the twentieth century. Fed by new sources, these conceptions could later be vulgarized [sic] and made appealing to the German population as a whole in doctrines of racial superiority.’ Barrington Moore, Jr., Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy, p. 436. 18. Gobineau’s dates are perfect. He was born in 1816, two years after the restoration of the Bourbons to the French throne. His diplomatic career, 1848–1877, blossomed under Louis Napoléon’s Second Empire and the reactionary monarchist regime of Marie Edmé Patrice Maurice, Comte de MacMahon, former imperialist proconsul in Algiers. His Essai sur l’Inégalité des Races Humaines appeared in 1854 – should one say in response to the popular vernacular-nationalist insurrections of 1848? 19. South African racism has not, in the age of Vorster and Botha, stood in the way of amicable relations (however discreetly handled) with prominent black politicians in certain independent African states. If Jews suffer discrimination in the Soviet Union, that did not prevent respectful working relations between Brezhnev and Kissinger. 20. For a stunning collection of photographs of such tableaux vivants in the Netherlands Indies (and an elegantly ironical text), see ‘E. Breton de Nijs,’ Tempo Doeloe. 21. George Orwell, ‘Shooting an Elephant,’ in The Orwell Reader, p. 3. The words in square brackets are of course my interpolation. 22. The KNIL (Koninklijk Nederlandsch-Indisch Leger) was quite separate from the KL (Koninklijk Leger) in Holland. The Légion Étrangère was almost from the start legally prohibited from operations on continental French soil. 23. Lettres du Tonkin et de Madagascar (1894–1899), p. 84. Letter of December 22, 1894, from Hanoi. Emphases added. 24. Bernard B. Fall, Hell is a Very Small Place: The Siege of Dien Bien Phu, p. 56. One can imagine the shudder of Clausewitz’s ghost. [Spahi, derived like Sepoy from the Ottoman Sipahi, meant mercenary irregular cavalrymen of the ‘Second Army’ in Algeria.] It is true that the France of Lyautey and de Lattre was a Republican France. However, the often talkative Grande Muette had since the start of the Third Republic been an asylum for aristocrats increasingly excluded from power in all other important institutions of public life. By 1898, a full quarter of all Brigadier-and Major-Generals were aristocrats. Moreover, this aristocrat-dominated officer corps was crucial to nineteenth and twentieth-century French imperialism. ‘The rigorous control imposed on the army in the métropole never extended fully to la France d’outremer. The extension of the French Empire in the nineteenth century was partially the result of uncontrolled initiative on the part of colonial military commanders. French West Africa, largely the creation of General Faidherbe, and the French Congo as well, owed most of their expansion to independent military forays into the hinterland. Military officers were also responsible for the faits accomplis which led to a French protectorate in Tahiti in 1842, and, to a lesser extent, to the French occupation of Tonkin in Indochina in the 1880’s . . . In 1897 Galliéni summarily abolished the monarchy in Madagascar and deported the Queen, all without consulting the French government, which later accepted the fait accompli . . .’ John S. Ambler, The French Army in Politics, 1945–1962, pp. 10–11 and 22. 25. I have never heard of an abusive argot word in Indonesian or Javanese for either ‘Dutch’ or ‘white.’ Compare the Anglo-Saxon treasury: niggers, wops, kikes, gooks, slants, fuzzywuzzies, and a hundred more. It is possible that this innocence of racist argots is true primarily of colonized populations. Blacks in America – and surely elsewhere – have developed a varied counter-vocabulary (honkies, ofays, etc.). 26. As cited in Reynaldo Ileto’s masterlyPasyón and Revolution: Popular Movements in the Philippines, 1840–1910, p. 218. Sakay’s rebel republic lasted until 1907, when he was captured and executed by the Americans. Understanding the first sentence requires remembering that three centuries of Spanish rule and Chinese immigration had produced a sizeable mestizo population in the islands.

Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities

#citation 24 is gorgeous

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didanawisgi · 3 years ago

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The chicken-and-egg problem (which came first?)

“I am reading a report (i.e.,https://edition.cnn.com/2021/07/03/health/unvaccinated-variant-factories/index.html) citing some comments of smart and knowledgeable professors and I am just thinking ‘OMG, how can one make statements that blunt and be a professor?’ Clearly, these guys have little understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of this virus as revealed by the current pandemic; they seem to ignore the huge impact of immune selection pressure on convergent evolution of mutations and selective adaptation of the virus to the massively rising antibody titers against spike (S) protein. If they would understand the dynamics and landscape of the evolving mutations as clearly outlined by molecular epidemiologists, they would have no choice but to conclude that the observed shift in natural selection forces is driven by mass vaccination.

I would strongly advise these professors to read my critical opinion article on ‘Why is the ongoing mass vaccination experiment driving a rapid evolutionary response of SARS-CoV-2?’, which I recently posted and which should remain available for consultation on my website. As can be concluded from my comments following below, the statements made by these professors are not backed by any scientific rationale and contradict the most recent observations from phylogenetics-based natural selection analysis. It’s unfortunate that laymen can no longer rely on big names and titles but ought to question the credibility of professors and experts who don’t provide sound scientific evidence for the cheap one-liners they are spreading. Is this because some of them have now become more of bureaucrats than real experts or because they’re having serious conflicts of interests or both? I don’t know. Anyway, people now need to exert greater scrutiny over the messages the established scientific elite is trying to convey – with massive help of MSM - to the broader public. Of course, this also applies to the analysis shared by scientists like me and others who disagree with the mantras and dogmas the public is currently bombarded with. That’s why we need a transparent scientific debate, open to the public, where different opinions can be articulated, discussed and challenged. As long as the stakeholders of these campaigns, and especially the advising experts supporting those, refuse to engage in such a debate, their interpretations and simplistic one-liners should be treated with extreme caution. Their statements become even more suspicious as they don’t seem to feel the need to systematically test both healthy vaccinees and non-vaccinated individuals for shedding of variants and to characterize the virus shed (as this would unambiguously inform about the type of host environment that promotes natural selection of evolving variants!).

As already mentioned on multiple occasions, molecular epidemiologist have shown that population-level S protein-directed immune pressure is now driving the propagation of variants that are increasingly evolving mutations enabling resistance to S-specific antibodies (as now massively induced by the ongoing vaccination campaigns). As more infectious variants bind to the cellular Ace-2 receptor with enhanced binding strength, the Ace-2 receptor more readily outcompetes S-specific antibodies for binding to these variants. Consequently, these variants gain a competitive advantage when replicating in individuals who exert strong S-directed immune pressure on the virus (i.e., in vaccinees!), especially upon incorporating additional mutations (within the RBD) that prevent direct binding of S-specific vaccinal antibodies. Variants that are increasingly resistant to S-specific antibodies (e.g., delta and delta plus variant) can only adapt to the population provided the S-directed immune pressure is widespread in the population. This is, of course, the case if larger parts of the population get vaccinated and when vaccinees can easily transmit the variant due to relaxation of infection prevention measures. In principle, non-vaccinated individuals who are in good physical and mental health can deal with all variants, provided the infectious viral pressure does not exceed a certain threshold. This is because their innate antibodies have relatively lower affinity for the virus. However, breeding of more infectious and more anti-S antibody-resistant variants in vaccinees will inevitably enhance viral replication and transmissibility in vaccinees, thereby raising the infectious pressure and increasing the likelihood for non-vaccinated subjects to become re-infected while their natural/ innate antibodies (Abs) are being suppressed by short-lived S-specific Abs (elicited as a result from previous asymptomatic infection). So, ‘yes’, some non-vaccinated people will become susceptible to the disease and then contribute to further propagation of these variants. It’s important to note, however, that this is a result and not the source of the enhanced evolution of the virus. So, not the non-vaccinated individuals but the vaccinees are now responsible for driving Sars-CoV-2 evolutionary dynamics. It’s also important to note that non-vaccinated people will not contribute to natural selection as they will either eliminate the virus (thanks to their innate antibodies in synergy with natural killer cells) or become susceptible to Covid-19 disease due to suppression of their innate immune defense. Short-term shedding of low concentrations of viral variants by asymptomatically infected, non-vaccinated people is a direct consequence of shifting natural immune selection forces that are increasingly coming into play as a result of mass vaccination. This will ultimately put the vaccinees in much worse shape than the non-vaccinated as the latter will still be able to rely on their innate Abs.

So, non-vaccinated people are not to be considered factories of variants as there is no evidence whatsoever that they transmit more virus or shed for a longer time than asymptomatically infected vaccinees. As explained in the above-mentioned article, non-vaccinated people are not responsible for selecting immune escape variants and enabling adaptation of increasingly anti-S Ab-resistant variants. Vaccinees, however, are to be seen as the breeding ground and ‘pilot plants’ for these variants.

Let’s now comment on a few of these blunt statements:

“Unvaccinated people do more than merely risk their own health. They're also a risk to everyone if they become infected with coronavirus, infectious disease specialists say”

Comment: Not true. Unvaccinated people have the more reliable protection as they can deal with all Sars-CoV-2 variants. Their protection is merely threatened by the enhanced circulation of more infectious variants, the adaptation and spread of which is promoted by those who exert strong (but suboptimal!) immune selection pressure, i.e., vaccinees. To the extent that non-vaccinated people further adhere to infection prevention measures and -not at least - avoid close contact with vaccinees, the likelihood for them to become seriously ill remains reasonably low (but clearly higher as during the first 10 months of the pandemic where no variants were circulating). This particularly applies to children and youngsters in good health. As viral transmission by asymptomatically infected, non-vaccinated individuals is low and short-lived, they do not constitute a ‘factory’ of variants that poses a substantial risk to others.

“That's because the only source of new coronavirus variants is the body of an infected person.”

Comment: Vaccinees get infected all the time. They cannot contain the variants as shown in a multitude of publications and breakthrough reports. They are not only a source of asymptomatic transmission but even a breeding ground for steadily evolving immune escape variants.

"Unvaccinated people are potential variant factories," Dr. William Schaffner, a professor in the Division of Infectious Diseases at Vanderbilt University Medical Center, told CNN Friday.

Comment: This doesn’t make any scientific sense. See above. They should show us the data and perform a comparative analysis on vaccinees compared to non-vaccinated individuals. They should show us which group is evolving more problematic variants, the vaccinees or the non-vaccinated.

"The more unvaccinated people there are, the more opportunities for the virus to multiply," Schaffner said. "When it does, it mutates, and it could throw off a variant mutation that is even more serious down the road."

Comment: This is the ludicrous mantra of the WHO (see my previously mentioned article). What makes immune escape variants problematic is when they get selected and can subsequently adapt to the population. S-directed immune escape variants are preferably selected in vaccinees and the higher the vaccination coverage rate, the more rapidly and easily they will adapt to the population and become dominant.

Conclusion: The statements of these professors are not based on sound scientific grounds and ignore the basic principles of natural selection forces that are driving viral evolutionary dynamics. Instead, they’re based on simplistic mantras that can easily be conveyed to the broader public but do not match at all the molecular analysis of naturally selected mutations that are currently seen by genomic epidemiologists to be evolving under rising population-level immunity towards antibodies directed at S protein. The latter happens to be the target of the vaccines….So, don’t they think mass vaccination may help a bit to raise this selective immune pressure?

Again, we call for solidarity and not discrimination. All people deserve a treatment that can ultimately protect them from severe disease and long Covid. We do not want to end up with a society where some professors or, for that matter, any government agency, are holding people responsible for decisions they have to make based on their best understanding of never-ending contradictory messages. At this stage, science and common sense dictate that people should be treated at an early stage of clinical signs and symptoms. An ‘infection and treatment’ approach is not only very safe but it likely enables naturally protective immune mechanisms in both vaccinated and non-vaccinated people (even if they did not contract the disease in the past!). It may not prevent subsequent infection and mild disease but it should clearly protect against severe disease by virtue of priming of CoV-specific cytotoxic T cells (just as much as immunity acquired upon recovery from natural disease does). If treatment is only initiated when early signs and symptoms manifest, children and youngsters in good health will still be given the opportunity to eliminate the virus naturally at an early stage of infection by virtue of their innate antibodies.”

#Geert Vanden Bossche #covid-19 #sars-cov-2 #covid-19 vaccine #immune escape #selection pressure #viral escape #print this off later

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thedogloverplanet · 3 years ago

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Dog Training Complete Guide

Dog training is the process of teaching a dog to exhibit certain desired behaviors in specific circumstances. Some examples are:

* Teaching a dog basic obedience commands (part of obedience training) * Teaching a dog to perform tricks casually or for circus acts * Teaching a guide dog to lead the blind * Teaching a rescue dog to find victims of a disaster * Helping a hunting dog learn to perform its instinctive behaviors at appropriate times

The specific behaviors taught in each case are different, but the underlying principles are similar.

In the wild as pack animals, canines have natural instincts that favor training. These instincts are manifested when the dog lives with humans as a desire to please a handler, as a dog would please senior members in a pack in the wild. The handler is simply whoever is working with a dog at the time.

Basic training

Most dogs, no matter their eventual advanced training or intended purpose, live with people and therefore must behave in a way that makes them pleasant to have around and for their own safety and that of other people and pets. Dogs do not figure out basic obedience on their own; it must be trained.

Basic training classes

Professional “dog trainers” usually do not train the dogs, but actually train the owners how to train their own dogs. Although it is also possible to send a dog away to a training school, the owner still must at some point learn what the dog has learned and how to use it and reinforce it. Owners and dogs who attend class together have an opportunity to learn more about each other and how to work together under a trainer’s guidance. Training is most effective if everyone who handles the dog takes part in the training to ensure consistent commands, methods, and enforcement.

Formal training in classes is not always available until the puppy has completed all its vaccinations at around 4 months; however, some trainers offer puppy socialization classes in which puppies can enroll immediately after being placed in their permanent homes as long as disease risk is minimal and puppies have receieved initial vaccinations. In most cases, basic training classes accept only puppies who are at least 3 to 6 months old.

Age for early training

Dog training begins virtually at birth. Dogs that are handled and petted by humans regularly during the first eight weeks of life are generally much more amenable to being trained and living in human households. Ideally, puppies should be placed in their permanent homes between about 8 and 10 weeks of age. In some places it is against the law to take puppies away from their mothers before the age of 8 weeks. Before this age, puppies are still learning tremendous amounts of socialization skills from their mother. Puppies are innately more fearful of new things during the period from 10 to 12 weeks, which makes it harder for them to adapt to a new home.

Puppies can begin learning tricks and commands as early as 8 to 12 weeks of age; the only limitations are the pup’s stamina, concentration, and physical coordination. It is much easier to live with young dogs that have already learned basic commands such as sit. Waiting until the puppy is much older and larger and has already learned bad habits makes the training much more difficult.

There are some professional trainers who disagree with this idea, particularly those who train working dogs, detection dogs, police dogs, etc. They feel that obedience work shouldn’t start until the dog is at least a year old, or after the prey drive has fully developed. These trainers also take the position that spaying and neutering is harmful to the training process, again because of its negative impact on the dog’s prey drive.

Communicating with the dog

Fundamentally, dog training is about communication. From the human perspective the handler is communicating to the dog what behaviors are correct, desired, or preferred in what circumstances. From the canine perspective the handler must communicate what behaviors will give the dog the most satisfaction to his natural instincts and emotions. Without that inner satisfaction a dog will not work well.

A successful handler must also understand the communication that the dog sends to the handler. The dog can signal that he is unsure, confused, nervous, happy, excited, and so on. The emotional state of the dog is an important consideration in directing the training, as a dog that is stressed or distracted will not learn efficiently.

According to Learning Theory there are a four important messages that the handler can send the dog:

Reward or release marker Correct behavior. You have earned a reward. For example, “Free” followed by a reward.

Bridge Correct behavior. Continue and you will earn a reward. For example, “Good”.

No reward marker Incorrect behavior. Try something else. For example, “Uh-uh” or “Try again”.

Punishment marker Incorrect behavior. You have earned punishment. For example, “No”.

Using consistent signals or words for these messages enables the dog to understand them more quickly. If the handler sometimes says “good” as a reward marker and sometimes as a bridge, it is difficult for the dog to know when he has earned a reward.

Rewards can be treats, play, praise, or anything that the dog finds rewarding. Failure to reward after the reward marker diminishes the value of the reward marker and makes training more difficult.

These four messages do not have to be communicated with words, and nonverbal signals are often used. In particular, mechanical clickers are frequently used for the reward marker. Hand signals and body language also play an important part in learning for dogs.

Dogs usually do not generalize commands easily; that is, a dog who has learned a command in a particular location and situation may not immediately recognize the command to other situations. A dog who knows how to “down” in the living room may suffer genuine confusion if asked to “down” at the park or in the car. The command will need to be retaught in each new situation. This is sometimes called “cross-contextualization,” meaning the dog has to apply what’s been learned to many different contexts.

Reward and punishment

Most training revolves around giving the dog consequences for his behaviour, in the hope of influencing the behaviour the dog will exhibit in the future. Operant conditioning defines four types of consequences:

Positive reinforcement adds something to the situation to increase the chance of the behaviour being exhibited again (for example, giving a dog a treat when he sits.)

Negative reinforcement removes something from the situation to increase the chance of the behaviour being exhibited again (for example, releasing the tension on an uncomfortable training collar when the dog stops pulling on the leash).

Positive punishment adds something to the situation to decrease the chance of the behaviour being exhibited again (for example, growling at a misbehaving dog).

Negative punishment removes something from the situation to decrease the chance of the behaviour being exhibited again (for example, walking away from a dog who jumps up).

Most modern trainers say that they use “positive training methods”, which is a different meaning of the word “positive” from that in operant conditioning. “Positive training methods” generally means preferring the use of reward-based training to increase good behavior over that of physical punishment to decrease bad behavior. However, a good trainer understands all four methods, whether or not she can put operant-conditioning terminology to them, and applies them as appropriate for the dog, the breed, the handler, and the situation.

Rewards

Positive reinforcers can be anything that the dog finds rewarding — special food treats, the chance to play with a tug toy, social interaction with other dogs, or the owners attention. The more rewarding a dog finds a particular reinforcer, the more work he will be prepared to do in order to obtain the reinforcer.

Some trainers go through a process of teaching a puppy to strongly desire a particular toy, in order to make the toy a more powerful positive reinforcer for good behaviour. This process is called “building prey drive”, and is commonly used in the training of Narcotics Detection and Police Service dogs. The goal is to produce a dog who will work independently for long periods of time.

Some trainers believe that the toy acts as a positive reinforcer for the desired behavior, when in all likelihood the prey drive works on an entirely different level from standard training and conditioning techniques. This is seen most clearly in the fact that, according to the laws of operant conditioning, positive reinforcers lose their effectiveness if they’re given every single time a dog does what is desired of him; the more predictable the reinforcer, the less reliable the behavior. Yet detection dogs only work well when they are always rewarded with a toy, every single time they find drugs or explosives, etc. The reason for this disparity is that when a dog is trained through the prey drive, the training activates an instinctive, automatic sequence that has to be completed in order for the dog to feel satisfied. That sequence is: search, eye-stalk, chase, grab-bite, and kill bite. So when a dog searches and finds drugs or explosives, he feels he hasn’t finished his job unless he can bite something. This is the primary reason he’s always given the toy. It’s not really a positive reinforcer. If it were it would reduce the reliability of the behavior overall. It’s a means of completing the predatory sequence for the dog.

Punishments

“Positive punishment” is probably the consequence that is least used by modern dog trainers, as it must be used very carefully. A dog is generally only given this type of punishment if it is willfully disobeying the owner. Punishing a dog who does not understand what is being asked of him is not only unfair to the dog, but can make the dog a fearful or unwilling worker.

Punishments are administered only as appropriate for the dog’s personality, age, and experience. A sharp No works for many dogs, but some dogs even show signs of fear or anxiety with harsh verbal corrections. On the other hand, certain dogs with ‘harder’ temperaments may ignore a verbal reprimand, and may work best if the reprimand is coupled with a physical punishment such as a quick tug on a training collar. Trainers generally advise keeping hand contact with the dog to positive interactions; if hands are used to threaten or hurt, some dogs may begin to behave defensively when stroked or handled.

Avoiding punishment

Keeping a puppy on a leash in challenging situations or in his crate or pen when not closely supervised prevents the puppy from getting into situations that might otherwise invite an owner’s harsh reaction (such as chewing up a favorite pair of shoes).

The command voice

When giving commands to a dog, a calm, firm, authoritative voice is most effective. Dogs do not respond well to hesitant, pleading voices, nor to yelling, which might sound to the dog like threatening barking or scolding. It is also important that the word used for the command and the pitch of the voice be consistent each time the command is delivered so that the dog can more easily learn what the owner means (siiiiiiiiiiiit does not sound the same as sit, for example).

Using the puppy’s name before a command ensures that the dog knows that a command is coming, that it is for him (rather than for other dogs, children, or people), and that he should pay attention. This is important because dogs hear a lot of human speech that has no relevance for them at all, and it is easy for them to disregard commands amongst the babble.

To reinforce the command, the dog always gets some kind of reward or reinforcement (praise and usually a treat or toy) when it performs the action correctly. This helps the dog to understand that he has done a good thing.

Note that not all dogs are trained to voice command. Many working breeds of dog are not trained to a voice command at all; they are taught to obey a combination of whistles and hand signals. Deaf dogs are perfectly capable of learning to obey visual signals alone. Many obedience classes teach hand signals for common commands in addition to voice signals; these signals can be useful in quiet situations, at a distance, and in advanced obedience competitions.

The specific command words are not important, although common words in English include sit, down, come, and stay. Short, clear words that are easily understood by other humans are generally recommended; that way, people will understand what a handler is telling his dog to do and other handlers have a good chance of controlling someone else’s dog if necessary. In fact, dogs can learn commands in any language or other communications medium, including whistles, mouth sounds, hand gestures, and so forth.

Thanks For Reading Hope This Will Help You

#dogtraining #dog train #training #pet training #golden retriever #labrador #pug #dog training tips #dog training tip

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killfaeh · 4 years ago

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Péguy

Hi everybody! In this news feed I've told you a few times about a project I named Péguy. Well today I dedicate a complete article to it to present it to you in more detail but also to show you the new features I brought to it at the beginning of the winter. It's not the priority project (right now it's TGCM Comics) but I needed a little break during the holidays and coding vector graphics and 3D, it's a little bit addictive like playing Lego. x) Let's go then!

Péguy, what is it?

It is a procedural generator of patterns, graphic effects and other scenery elements to speed up the realization of my drawings for my comics. Basically, I enter a few parameters, click on a button, and my program generates a more or less regular pattern on its own. The first lines of code were written in 2018 and since then, this tool has been constantly being enriched and helping me to work faster on my comics. :D This project is coded with web languages and generates vector patterns in the format SVG. In the beginning it was just small scripts that had to be modified directly to change the parameters and run individually for each effect or pattern generated.

Not very user friendly, is it? :’D

This first version was used on episode 2 of Dragon Cat's Galaxia 1/2. During 2019 I thought it would be more practical to gather all these scripts and integrate them into a graphical user interface. Since then, I have enriched it with new features and improved its ergonomics to save more and more time. Here is a small sample of what can be produced with Péguy currently.

Graphic effects typical of manga and paving patterns in perspective or plated on a cylinder. All these features were used on Tarkhan and Gonakin. I plan to put this project online, but in order for it to be usable by others than me, I still need to fix a few ergonomy issues. For the moment, to recover the rendering, you still need to open the browser debugger to find and copy the HTML node that contains the SVG. In other words, if you don't know the HTML structure by heart, it's not practical. 8D

A 3D module!

The 2020 new feature is that I started to develop a 3D module. The idea, in the long run, is to be able to build my comics backgrounds, at least the architectural ones, a bit like a Lego game. The interface is really still under development, a lot of things are missing, but basically it's going to look like this.

So there's no shortage of 3D modeling software, so why am I making one? What will make my project stand out from what already exists? First, navigation around the 3D workspace. In short, the movement of the camera. Well please excuse me, but in Blender, Maya, Sketchup and so on, to be able to frame according to your needs to get a rendering, it's just a pain in the ass! So I developed a more practical camera navigation system depending on whether you're modeling an object or placing it in a map. The idea is to take inspiration from the map editors in some video games (like Age of Empire). Secondly, I'm going to propose a small innovation. When you model an object in Blender or something else, it will always be frozen and if you use it several times in an environment, it will be strictly identical, which can be annoying for natural elements like trees for example. So I'm going to develop a kind of little "language" that will allow you to make an object customizable and incorporate random components. Thus, with a single definition for an object, we can obtain an infinite number of different instances, with random components for natural elements and variables such as the number of floors for a building. I had already developed a prototype of this system many years ago in Java. I'm going to retrieve it and adapt it to Javascript. And the last peculiarity will be in the proposed renderings. As this is about making comics (especially in black and white in my case), I'm developing a whole bunch of shaders to generate lines, screentones and other hatchings automatically with the possibility to use patterns generated in the existing vector module as textures! :D

What are shaders?

Well, you see the principle of post-production in cinema... (Editing, sound effects, various corrections, special effects... all the finishing work after shooting). Well, shaders are about the same principle. They are programs executed just after the calculation of the 3D object as it should appear on the screen. They allow to apply patches, deformations, effects, filters... As long as you are not angry with mathematics, there is only limit to your imagination! :D When you enter a normal vector in a color variable it gives funny results.

Yes! It's really with math that you can display all these things. :D Now when you hear a smart guy tell you that math is cold, it's the opposite of art or incompatible with art... it's dry toast, you'll know it's ignorance. :p Math is a tool just like the brush, it's all about knowing how to use it. :D In truth, science is a representation of reality in the same way as a painting. It is photorealistic in the extreme, but it is nevertheless a human construction used to describe nature. It remains an approximation of reality that continually escapes us and we try to fill in the margins of error over the centuries... Just like classical painting did. But by the way? Aren't there a bunch of great painters who were also scholars, mathematicians? Yes, there are! Look hard! The Renaissance is a good breeding ground. x) In short! Physics is a painting and mathematics is its brush. But in painting, we don't only do figurative, not only realism, we can give free rein to our inspiration to stylize our representation of the world or make it abstract. Well like any good brush, mathematics allows the same fantasy! All it takes is a little imagination for that. Hold, for example, the good old Spirograph from our childhood. We all had one! Well, these pretty patterns drawn with the bic are nothing else than... parametric equations that make the students of math sup/math spe suffer. 8D Even the famous celtic triskelion can be calculated from parametric equations. Well, I digress, I digress, but let's get back to our shaders. Since you can do whatever you want with it, I worked on typical manga effects. By combining the Dot Pattern Generator and the Hatch Generator but display them in white, I was able to simulate a scratch effect on screentones.

In the traditional way it is an effect that is obtained by scraping the screentones with a cutter or similar tool.

Péguy will therefore be able to calculate this effect alone on a 3D scene. :D I extended this effect with a pattern calculated in SVG. So it will be possible to use the patterns created in the vector module as textures for the 3D module! Here it is a pattern of dots distributed according to a Fibonacci spiral (I used a similar pattern in Tarkhan to make stone textures, very commonly used in manga).

Bump mapping

So this is where things get really interesting. We stay in the shaders but we're going to give an extra dimension to our rendering. Basically, bump mapping consists in creating a bas-relief effect from a high map. And it gives this kind of result.

The defined object is always a simple cylinder (with 2 radii). It is the shaders that apply the pixel shift and recalculate the lighting thanks to the high map that looks like this.

This texture has also been calculated automatically in SVG. Thus we can dynamically set the number of bricks. Well, this bas-relief story is very nice, but here we have a relatively realistic lighting, and we would like it to look like a drawing. So by applying a threshold to have an area lit in white, a second threshold to have shadow areas in black, by applying the screentone pattern to the rest and by adding the hatching that simulates the scraped screentone, here is the result!

It's like a manga from the 80's! :D I tested this rendering with other screentone patterns: Fibonnacci spiral dots, parallel lines or lines that follow the shape of the object.

Now we know what Péguy can do. I think I can enrich this rendering a bit more with the shaders but the next time I work on this project the biggest part of the job will be to create what we call primitives, basic geometric objects. After that I can start assembling them. The concept of drawing while coding is so much fun that I'm starting to think about trying to make complete illustrations like this or making the backgrounds for some comic book projects only with Péguy just for the artistic process. Finding tricks to generate organic objects, especially plants should be fun too. That's all for today. Next time we'll talk about drawing! Have a nice week-end and see you soon! :D Suisei

P.S. If you want miss no news and if you haven't already done so, you can subscribe to the newsletter here : https://www.suiseipark.com/User/SubscribeNewsletter/language/english/

Source : https://www.suiseipark.com/News/Entry/id/302/

#manga #software #screentones #halftones

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dhuahome · 4 years ago

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Dog Training For Various Purpose Explained

HOW TO START TRAINING A DOG FOR AGILITY

For a rule, agility coaching really should start as that the furry friend is a pet. However, proprietors may still ease coaching with dogs that are older. The query" when would be that the dog believed older for agility coaching" is essential to picking whether to begin educating a dog.

Becoming"older" tremendously changes from a pet dog, by the degree of your pet canine's practical experience into the natural and inherent fashions it's. In summary, there's not any particular age in which the dog needs to be controlled out of coaching.

However, it's usually much simpler to start off training with substantially more youthful dogs due to the fact their learned behaviors continue to be maybe not dangled in their customs.

For selecting older canines for coaching, the handler must perhaps not build the belief that canine wouldn't further learn there's no requirement to spend your time. The approach to this pet just as far as this of this coach is each tremendously critical to speedier learning. The further patient and dedicated that the dog owner could be that the faster canine learns.

You can find plenty of methods of starting up coaching such as Ability. A Couple of that can be mentioned here temporarily:

Bodily practice

The debut into agility teaching really should focus on physical workout routines. In case the handler has ample attention to devote about training that the dog, then age doesn't a longer thing because it's the state that'll rule. Simple workouts such as skipping or leaping may possibly agitate canine and invite one to proceed just a tiny bit. For dogs, these drills are a lot easier to complete as they've sufficient power to utilize.

Permit him to perform

Like instructing small kiddies, the simplest way to ease coaching for youthful dogs is always to twist the drills to some succession of games. Most dogs are effective in passing through channels and chutes take advantage of the chance and also present the tunnels, barriers along the practice field as huge drama earth.

This process will make optimistic opinions on him that can additionally prepare him for upcoming coaching.

Boost his agility

Should you never own a decent space for establishing barrier courses, it's wise to utilize specified games which likewise motivate agility. Uncomplicated equipment such as improvised walls or tunnels can possibly be forced to fortify coaching.

Maintain it brief

Canines do not experience fire the moment it regards tasks nevertheless they have the inborn urge to please their owners. It follows they don't-get committed unless they've been rewarded permanently activities they've manufactured and which you just show your own prefer to their own activities. Their attention span is likewise not a lot of in order that they weren't able to last training to get lengthy hrs.

If you would like to begin preparing your pet for your agility, then set the principle you need to continue to keep every session along with just about every lesson as long as you possibly can. That you really do not need in order to complete all in just one sitting down. You must split each drill to segments which canine might easily comprehend. Never-ending using a destructive observe. Consistently guarantee that canine completes each practice together with compliments.

Coaching your pet to agility doesn't lie about how older or younger child could be, it is located at the base of responsiveness, liberty, push to perform independently and also to stick to the control, and also your urge to operate together with him together with adequate endurance and comprehension of his abilities.

HUNTING DOG TRAINING

Adult men count upon dogs to regain their own kills. With them, the hunter might need to accomplish all of the tasks without no assurance they will soon be bringing something dwelling by the close of your afternoon. To make the job simpler, the hunter demands the aid of the good --skilled dog.

However, not all of the pet stains can possibly be accommodated to looking performs along with just special training which promotes looking capabilities could draw about the finest at a dog.

However, hunting puppies aren't backyard varieties you might possess once you desire. They're qualified and skilled nicely because of the requirements of all hunting. And training to that hunting puppy strains is quite a boring and considerable process which demands patience and knowledge out of the coach and also appropriate features from the canine.

What's the most suitable breed?

As stated previously, perhaps not all of the dogs are all appropriate for pets searching for. You will find now dog strains specializing within the job and possess a history of the specific assistance for the men. In summary, they are adapted for the sort of performs usually desired in searching for.

A searching dog that can respond most useful to coaching will be strains such as retrievers, spaniels, and tips - all that contain abilities that can be particular with their own strains. It's up for the coach to hone their own abilities and work with them to get his or her right intentions.

Generally speaking, searching canines possess great awareness of scent for monitoring functions. Additionally, searching canines ought to be appropriate for outside pursuits and may readily be prepared for the training. The optimal/optimally applicant for pet training hunting can be that a dog with everyone the said faculties. Even the absolute most often encountered possibilities as searching canines include Labradors, Beagles, Bloodhounds, and Dachshunds.

So what puppy to buy?

One particular simply can not have yourself a whole grown puppy and be expecting to react properly to coaching. The optimal/optimally option is that a puppy as it's only started forming its behavior. In addition, you are in need of your pet dog that's affinity into his handler. This wouldn't grow by itself. This means you've got to train your dog at least train along with your furry friend using an expert coach.

Exactly what actions usually are included in this practice?

You will find just six standard actions a fantastic hunting puppy needs to grasp. All of these are the following:

a) Retrieving

b) Marking

c) Quartering

d) Shaking

e) Following hand signals

f) Steadying

How about rifle flame and odor?

You will find dogs who are more sensitive or fearful of hearing rifle flames. Thus it must become acclimatized throughout instruction. On average, that is attained by conditioning your pet via a metering direction of introducing gunfire together side match birds.

This practice will definitely enable your puppy to correlate gun firing games. In case the gunfire has been discovered, the canine is going to be aware there is a match. Once regaining the match, your pet will anticipate another gunfire.

On the opposite side, monitoring is dependant on after scent. You will find just as far odor since you can find games thus don't forget to prepare your puppy on the specific odor. In the event you'd like one to search deer then you should have him accustomed to deer odor.

Canine practice looking is quite a bit tougher compared to several other designs of dog training. However, in case your fire is searching you'd definitely necessitate the help of the well-trained dog.

WHAT TRAININGS ARE INVOLVED IN RESCUE DOS TRAINING

Canine is man's closest friend for many explanations, included in this would be your pet's capacity to function as very helpful throughout instances of catastrophe. Much like obedience training and agility teaching, you'll find plenty of fundamentals from several kinds of dog-training has to be detected when contemplating preserving dog training.

Obedience Coaching

Rescue canines ought to be slaughtered on all occasions due to the fact any misbehavior may cause beating the role of preventing. The custom of controls such as sit, come, remain, and also run exercises ought to be adequately attained to make sure the return of their dog into the handler along with also his orders.

Agility Instruction

Agility coaching isn't just precious for a sport dog, but it's likewise very helpful for canines who are meant for saving performs. In its essential awareness, agility coaching may help to develop canine allowing him to execute extremely tough activities that could even be struck throughout fabrication functions. Together with the help of the fantastic coach, canine ought to be in a position to negotiate quite a few barriers in just about virtually any agility coaching exercises.

Retrieving

The rescue will work demand somewhat sizable work out of regaining skills. In truth, it's ostensibly regaining an individual or things that really need rescuing. As a way to clinic canine inside such a job, '' he needs to get a set of regaining exercises which may include things like strengthening timber, leather along with other items employing the"fetch" control.

Suitable placement Whilst at coaching

Placing in saving training ostensibly states your pet's answer regarding certain essentials of the particular physical exercise. This is eased using a fantastic mixture of inductive and compulsive coaching.

Coaching for placement needs to start off early if your puppy is a pet. Additionally, there are two types of placement - that the heels and entrance standing. The prior ostensibly usually means that your pet needs to stand parallel into the coach's left-foot whereas the latter ensures that your pet needs to stand before this handler when after an imaginary line passing amongst your bottoms of their handler.

You will find just two techniques for preparing the puppy for your most suitable place to consider. The compulsive procedure and also the inductive procedure. The method, if useful for the front location, will guide your pet to keep before this handler.

When found along with a different control, the state"sit" the exact same basic principle applies- that the handler really should help canine sit and stand front of him parallel into his left foot as soon as the heels posture continues to be questioned.

The inductive procedure, on the flip side, needs the usage of pet food or treats in conditioning that the answer of their puppy for each position. By way of instance, a handler may provide a cure to your pet canine before committing a control. In case your pet is willing and chooses the incentive, then the handler really should deliver a control such as arrive, down or sit before committing your puppy a cure. However, this would just be awarded a reward for after given order.

Even though physiological guidance can be employed from the method, it will just be managed securely and softly although not in an otherwise unpleasant and injuring fashion. Any unpleasant manners can eventually be more rigorous for your own practice.

Rescue canine training isn't simply one practice; it needs that the canine to perfect all kinds of coaching though having the ability to use the learned behavior as an instant character.

HOW TO PREPARE YOUR DOG

there are 3 sorts of guidance puppies - that the pet, both the directing pet and also the ceremony pet. All possess precisely the exact reasons, to simply help people who have disabilities together with their daily life's everyday activities. Service-Dogs proceed over and above helping individuals who have sight or hearing handicaps.

They can be skilled since seizure answer mobility or dogs aid puppies based upon the distinctive coaching the master requirements. However, canines may just reach this sort of service should they've received appropriate support pet coaching.

Coaching

You will find just two kinds of coaching Service-Dogs: self-training and application coaching.

Self-training, such as many types of dog training, is eased from the dog owner. When it might be tougher when employing an expert dog trainer itself training can boost the partnership and interdependence of their owners as well as the canines.

Lots of canines can be educated to receive services that will work. A few individuals decide to coach their older pets as acceptable spouses notably Id your pet has shown several trends to turn into very good in medical condition aid. However, many individuals attain their canines out of pet breeders together with the training that the pet for support inside their own heads.

Handlers of canines may investigate several methods and processes of preparing your pet puppy for this specific intent. Additionally, there really are a lot of online tools and literature that is written about how best to prepare a puppy for an agency that will work. However, many individuals decide to seek the services of professional associations specializing within a particular field to get the job in their opinion.

The most important downside is the dog could learn over the speedier speed because of exceptionally complex methods that these associations possess. However, instruction ceases whenever the canines were shipped for their own owners unless canine owners are somewhat knowledgeable about such coaching. To get owner-trained canines, however, coaching in no way ceases.

But in the event the master buys your pet puppy from the breeder using the intent of creating a service-dog outside of it, then the breeder will give earlier coaching on essential commands including sit, remain no. Afterward, the proprietor could fill at the more modern controls which he requirements such as opening up the doorway or turning the lights off.

On the opposite side, program-trained canines really are notably trained and bred to receive services that will work. Commonly, those dogs have been educated for at least annually to receive acclimatized on exclusive conditions and visitors to whom they truly are skilled to reply.

Coaching can possibly be handled in many of means. In the united states of America, coaching can possibly be managed to picking out prison offenders. This technique was demonstrated to be of fantastic significance since offenders could ease appropriate practice whilst accentuating their own paychecks abilities from the procedure.

To avail of a service, the applicant has to undergo a program and appraisal procedure. Next, the upcoming owner is going to need to become recorded in the ready list as your pet dog fit to your particular services will be staying skilled. Such canines can possibly be awarded without control whereas a few establishments will probably demand the handler to cover a few penalties together with or without fiscal assistance is given.

When the dog owner accomplishes his pet, he's got to do the job well with canine for someday for him accustomed to how that the brand new handler copes using instruction. It can require a couple of months up for months. Your pet should be delivered straight back into the practice company to upgrade coaching.

Support dog-training doesn't merely produce canines which may function as great aid to all those who using disabilities. In addition, they are excellent psychological supports along with companions.

THE BENEFITS OF A VISITING DOG

Most pet breeds may experience therapy coaching. However common possibilities for coaching comprise strains that possess substantial temperance given that they must utilize people they aren't acquainted with.

Treatment puppies have been utilized in hospitals ended up mostly that the patients would be the kiddies and the older. The handler and your puppy will offer the sufferers having adequate care and things to do that'll enable them to drift off in the current issues within their own lives.

However, remedy puppies aren't just precious in hospitals, but the relaxation they supply is likewise crucial parts in additional remedy centers such as nursing facilities, colleges, mental organizations, and retirement houses.

A seeing pet may likewise assist in altering the regular every once in a while. Therapy might be rather monotonous for a lot of men and women ergo the demand for the reversal of tempo will probably consistently bring something favorable regarding this remedy. Plants may also make the individual feel depressed or alone as they make consequences out of the unsuccessful notions of their sufferers.

Remedy dog-training calls for specializations that are suspended on dog training that is fundamental. Therefore, coaching with this particular job involves the should produce behaviors in your pet who are of terrific assistance to people who're experiencing remedy. So, essential dog-training isn't going to suffice whether the canine should exhibit different duties such as performing a variety of functions and interacting very well using your own individual.

Canines can additionally invite the individual to eventually become less lively and much more reactive and lively throughout and following visitations. Therapy teaching may likewise aid your pet amuse the affected individual; nevertheless, they can either offer diversion or fun out of the discomfort and distress now seasoned.

Occasionally when individuals really are ailing their demand for love, attention and support simply do not move over what many know just as ordinary. They want a lot more. Regrettably, not many folks have some time and the endurance to address those who're sick, either disordered or ill. However, canines when well-oriented to pet treatment training can fortify the physical and psychological reinforcement which the majority of folks couldn't present.

The form of practice in which therapy puppies experience has been notably produced and changed in many different pieces of training to meet the demands known as in predicaments that normally occur throughout hospital visitations. Their coaching will equip you with all the proper abilities allowing strangers to enjoy your own corporation. To present enjoyable adventures, many therapy puppies have been willing to perform tricks and performances which the viewer will probably enjoy.

This type of coaching may state your puppy to dismiss matters such as hospital kits, those who are maybe not the field of noise and therapy. Not only that, they are skilled to assist with fundamental actions such as simple pursuits. However, they shouldn't be mistaken for using dogs.

All these would be the canines, and that can be under regulations to help those that have disabilities. More frequently than not they focus on a consistent foundation. Treatment puppies tend to be somewhat more similar to individuals for patients and also maybe not very dogs who will follow along with help men and women who have disabilities together with their day-to-day activities.

Remedy dog-training is reasonably unpopular nevertheless the assistance of this pet because of this particular specific purpose is useful for a great number of decades.

Coaching of remedy puppies differs from condition to say however, it's general principle a therapy D-G should get a certificate of fantastic citizenship until it might go into the appropriate coaching and support. Accreditation in addition to training can possibly be gotten from neighborhood therapy pet training courses or creature shelters. After receiving this certificate, remedy coaching to your own canine will start.

WHY THE USE OF A TRAINING DOG COLLARS SOMETHING COUNTERPRODUCTIVE

Thus, previous to one select your pet dog receiver collar, then it's advised to get your homework so your puppy's relaxation wouldn't be compromised.

We, individuals, frequently overlook that canines really are humans also. Many canines are extremely competitive and tricky to restrain, a few are comical also presents us a lot relaxation and happiness others are still only laidback and forth won't experience training plus a few are still inherently rapidly learners even though some are still slow learners.

Many handlers, on the opposite side, insufficient adequate wisdom regarding the particular collars which could do the job nicely with your own canines. As an instance, the favorite option of collar these times will be the pet collar owing to the remote accessibility for dogs that offer steady"instruction" for much as soon as the dog owner isn't all around. Though this might be considered a favorite alternate to old-fashioned canine training collars, so lots of individuals simply do not completely know its own disadvantages.

Coaching collars had been devised to acquire enough hands across the canines, however, many folks don't abide by the fundamentals of that equipment. Choke or string sockets, as an instance, are among those exact primary tools formulated to aid decrease the stress between dog and man.

These are quite embarrassing for dogs just as far as with skin lesions could make someone feel bloated. The guideline so you can get the most suitable in shape of the collar on the puppy is allowing 2 to 3 inches difference between your connected collar as well as the throat.

Quick-fixes for behavior control tend to be somewhat more common than less likely to use and contribute to over-dependence to restrain apparatus. While undertaking this the long way seems to demonstrate to become valuable.

Even if it turns out to become productive in bringing its intention to divert your dog from barking- that the consequences are less excellent. Exactly why? As canine begins to get rid of its own confidence.

Canine collar collars supply this control. As the aim is commonly well - to - eliminate unwelcome (but instinctual) behaviors of these dogs such as for instance - that the practice of instruction may be erroneous and violent of their pet's flaws and also the various tools are taken for coaching aren't well-adapted towards the requirements of their canine.

You will find a few rather boring reasons concerning the reason why collars can possibly be, on occasion, counterproductive. For you personally, you will find those who only do not require the additional time and energy to assess whether the collar is not. With inappropriate fitting, then the collar may pinch skin (notably the Martingale collar) and scrape it inducing burning off stains.

trainers, especially people that aren't professionals within the area, often confuse pet training together with all control. In virtually any dog-man group, the individual consistently possesses the should add manage. This isn't actually awful except sometimes, the person abuses the accused of management.

However, you'll find those who snore and abuse the choke collars. Many handlers are therefore unpleasant that lots of dogs undergo throat damages and also some choke into departure. In summary, the utilization of this kind of collars is incredibly dangerous, even maybe counterproductive.

Still, another reason dog feeders might possibly be potentially counter-productive is the focus on the rule of fear and pain instead of on the subject. Digital training collars do the job by delivering digital shocks into canine sporting it or disagreeable noise which could dissuade your pet from barking.

#Lifestyle

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sepublic · 5 years ago

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Skull Spiders

The dreaded swarms themselves, the Skull Spiders are responsible for the deaths of countless Okotans. Controlled by Fenrakk, the lord of Skull Spiders, they have menaced the island for centuries and maintained an iron grip over Okoto until the Arrival of the Toa, and have etched deep scars into the memories of Okotan civilization.

In the years following Makuta’s reawakening and the formation of his plan to take his rightful place among the gods, the Mask Hoarder realized he needed a staggering amount of Life energy, more than he himself had ever hoarded, in order to carry out his agendas. Among these goals was reawakening the Great Forge, which would act as a key component to his plots.

The solution was fairly straightforward- Harvest as many Okotan souls and use them to reactivate the Great Forge. Of course, Makuta needed physical man-power to accomplish this, as the Okotans no doubt would reject his requirements even if they hadn’t known of his crimes. He’d have to forcethe Okotans to hand over sacrifices, probably by kidnapping villagers.

Makuta had been inspired by the Mask of Life, and how it had taken control of him. The idea of a Mask of Power controlling the user, rather than the other way around, fascinated the Mask Hoarder, and his experiments in this regard eventually fused with his need for an army.

After countless prototypes, Makuta had created the first, original, and definitive Skull Spider; Fenrakk, one of his ‘sons’, the Rahkshi. Fenrakk was essentially a golden Mask of Power with an insectoid appearance; Upon being worn by a user, Fenrakk could activate himself and seize control of his victim and make them do whatever he pleased.

Makuta’s plan was to have many others modeled after Fenrakk take control over Okoto’s population, allowing him to easily harvest their souls. Of course, there was the issue of actually placing these controlling Masks upon a victim; To remedy this, Makuta granted Fenrakk four spindly limbs with blades at the end that he could move around on.

A few more modifications later, and Fenrakk was now capable of rearing his legs back, allowing himself to let go and leap forward onto a victim’s face, placing himself on them from a distance and instantly taking control. To ensure Fenrakk’s strength and success, Makuta bestowed upon him the (somewhat weaker) Mask Powers of Invulnerability, Vision, and Speed.

Along the way, Makuta had also dabbled in the creation of ‘receptacles’, automatons that were inherently linked to a user’s mind and soul, and were able to more or less reflect it; If the user willed the automaton to move a certain way, it would do so in response to the soul. In his experiments, a fascinated Makuta realized that these Receptacles could even share the power of a user’s soul, although it was usually weaker, and a Receptacle could only reflect one specific power.

Makuta’s projects with Receptacles fused with his experiments in creating a swarm to control Okoto’s populace. Instead of creating countless Skull Spiders and infusing each one with its own Mask Power and mind, he would simply create one powerful, all-reaching, and sapient hivemind that would come from one source, and then be reflected across countless identical Receptacles.

Makuta had learned that controlling even one Receptacle took a user’s entire attention away from their own body, rendering them vulnerable; Controlling two at once was virtually impossible, much less an entire swarm meant to take on an island of people. To deal with this issue, Makuta used up massive amounts of time and Life energy crafting the perfect, homunculus mind that could legitimately multi-task with hundreds, if not thousands of Receptacles. This sapient mind was likewise imbued with a natural bloodthirstiness, programmed to feel pleasure and joy from murder and death, as well as a natural loyalty towards Makuta.

Makuta inserted this sapient hivemind into Fenrakk, finally granting the Skull Spider progenitor his own personhood. Coming into existence, Fenrakk was quickly indoctrinated by his father Makuta, who made sure to test his loyalty and bloodlust before continuing. He began manufacturing waves of Receptacles that were identical to Fenrakk in every way save for their soul- Instead, each Receptacle, or ‘Skull Spider’ as he began to call them, would be inhabited by Fenrakk’s spirit due to lacking one of their own, and become imbued with one of his Powers.

Thus, while one Skull Spider had the ability of Fenrakk’s Vision, albeit weakened, another would have his Invulnerability, and another his speed. The three basic breeds of Skull Spider were created, and Makuta began full-scale production of the swarms. Fenrakk, meanwhile, learned to control his Receptacles, understanding them as extensions of his body, or even as his actual body, just spread out and separated into different pieces. Fenrakk learned to coordinate his Skull Spiders’ actions, combining them to form cunning tactics that would surprise and overwhelm the Okotans.

Finally, to finish everything off, Makuta granted Fenrakk a new body of sorts, one wrapped around his true form. This body was organic in nature and powerful, resembling a six-legged arachnid of sorts. It was able to channel Fenrakk’s powers, and even had the additional ability of its own to produce powerful webs that could ensnare victims.

Settling into his new body, Fenrakk rehearsed battle plans to seize Okoto. About three hundred or so years after the Great Cataclysm, Makuta had amassed enough Skull Spiders, and Fenrakk, feeling confident and in control, unleashed them upon Okoto.

The swarms immediately overwhelmed the Okotans, quickly seizing multiple key locations, such as the City of the Mask Makers. The sharp blades of the Skull Spiders easily tore apart any attempts to fight back, even as Dash Spiders caught up to fleeing victims, Armored Spiders withstood attacks and shielded the others, and Vision Spiders analyzed the situation and spotted weaknesses in the Okotans’ defenses.

The Okotans, who had no idea nor anticipation of the Skull Spiders, were either forced to flee, die, or else be captured and possessed by the Skull Spiders. Anything a Skull Spider saw, the entire swarm would see as well, meaning if one was noticed by so much as one Spider, many more would soon converge on their position.

After the initial onslaught sent the rest of the Okotans fleeing, Fenrakk took up residence on the main bridge leading into the City of the Mask Makers, destroying all other entry points. Constructing a twisted, dark nest of webs for himself to hide in and control the swarms from, Fenrakk quickly set to work setting up operations at the City of the Mask Makers with the help of the Skull Warriors. Automatons were constructed with the purpose of harvesting Okotan souls, and many of Fenrakk’s possessed victims were dropped off to have their Life force absorbed.

Others Fenrakk could sense were subsceptible to his father’s goals and plans… These Okotans would be offered to Makuta, who would in turn induct them into his new Brotherhood. Not everyone agreed, of course, and they would then be sent to the catacombs to be harvested.

As Fenrakk continued his assault on Okoto, he made sure to keep his nature and identity secret. While he could easily speak through any Skull Spider, he chose to be completely silent and not betray any semblance of personality beyond cunning and bloodlust, a mysteriousness that only further terrified his victims. From the perspective of the Okotans, a swarm of lifeless, yet moving things had emerged to slaughter and devour them. Nobody knew what happened to those who were captured and seized; They simply disappeared, and Okotans shuddered to imagine what had happened to them.

For centuries, the Skull Spiders continued to menace Okoto, taking down cities and villages and capturing the Okotans within to be harvested. The remaining survivors holed up in Mega-Villages across the island, each one built and/or modified to defend against the Skull Spiders. Under orders from Makuta, Fenrakk made sure not to kill off every Okotan and somewhat leave the Mega-Villages in peace; After all, if one harvests cattle, they leave a few alive to have children to be butchered and eaten. This same cold principle was applied to the Okotans.

Thus, the initial bloodbath came to an end, disappointing Fenrakk. Deaths and kidnappings still occurred over the generations of course, as the Okotans still needed to venture out to find resources or for various other reasons. These villagers would be immediately targeted by Fenrakk, who deliberately had Skull Spiders strewn across Okoto, inactive and seemingly dead until they noticed an Okotan; Upon doing so, all Skull Spiders in the vicinity would come to life and converge on their victim.

Many Okotans would be haunted by the sight of Skull Spiders scattered across the area, splayed out as if dead, knowing full and well they were waiting and watching for victims to come by. Many Mega-Villages would deal with hordes of Skull Spiders right outside their walls, unmoving yet waiting nevertheless, just beyond the reach of archers and cannons.

With most of the island under Skull Spider occupation, Fenrakk was able to give room for many Skull Warriors to prowl the abandoned wilderness, seeking Masks of Power. Animals, although terrified of Skull Spiders, were generally safe; Fenrakk couldn’t control their different minds, and their souls didn’t have enough energy to be worth harvesting. Still, Fenrakk would occasionally amuse himself every now and then and have Skull Spiders attack random animals, even as he devised clever schemes to infiltrate the Mega-Villages. Even if some Okotans had to be left alive, Fenrakk was nevertheless trying to take control of the entire population, and failing with the last remaining percent.

Upon the arrival of the Toa, the Skull Spiders quickly found themselves overwhelmed by the raw elemental energy of the heroes. Despite Fenrakk’s best attempts, the Toa helped the Okotans form a counter-attack against the swarms, gathering and collecting resources, weapons, and other key assets to take on the Skull Spiders. In response to the Okotans’ growing strength, Makuta commenced Phase 2 of the Skull Spider wars and began manufacturing Skull Spiders that had the ability to control animals and were likewise shaped to fit their faces.

Fenrakk began leading a more aggressive assault on the Okotans utilizing waves of possessed animals, and the Okotans fought back in return. Although Fenrakk managed to possess Lewa, Toa of Jungle at one point, Lewa eventually escaped his grasp. Kulta’s Skull Warriors joined the battle as allies, and in the conflict the true nature of the Skull Spiders as a hivemind belonging to Fenrakk was revealed. In the campaign to seize the Mask of Creation, the Skull Spiders succeeded with the aid of Kulta the Skull Grinder, and their creator Makuta’s role as leader of the Brotherhood was unveiled.

In order to take back the Mask of Creation, the Okotans led a final assault on the City of the Mask Makers, which Fenrakk defended against with his remaining Skull Spiders. Despite aid from the Skull Commanders and Puppets, Fenrakk himself was personally confronted by all six Toa. Despite his massive power, Fenrakk was still no match for the entire team and was brutally wounded in the battle, forcing him to escape to a nearby abandoned laboratory of Makuta’s to heal. There, he was tracked down by the Protectors and their best warriors, and slain, his true form revealed and shattered in the process.

Every Skull Spider felt Fenrakk’s pain, and each one shattered in the exact same manner as their controller, no matter how durable they were. The Skull Spider army died with the loss of its soul, Fenrakk, and was rendered inactive and obsolete as a result. Their remains were quickly rounded up by the Okotans, who used them as materials for rebuilding efforts.

Enraged, Makuta was forced to make his Brotherhood retreat as he recuperated. Alongside his army of Energy Leeches, he also created a second generation of Skull Spiders. These were far less potent than the original generation, consisting of squads controlled by less-skilled Command Spiders. The second generation of Skull Spiders was likewise smaller in number than its predecessors, and the swarm became an empty shadow of its former self.

The second generation of Skull Spiders still served their purpose nevertheless, aiding the Brotherhood of Makuta in the campaign to seize the Mask of Control, as well as Makuta’s attempts to raze Okoto and unleash the darkness below. Upon Makuta’s demise, the Skull Spiders scattered.

There are three ‘breeds’ of Skull Spiders, each given a specific color (and in some cases, materials) to accentuate their roles and abilities.

The Vision Spiders were spring-green in color, and had crystalline lenses built into their eye holes that helped focus their vision and conjure targeting lasers. Vision Spiders were used by Fenrakk as lookouts and sentries, able to see through solid objects, as well as in darkness and infrared. The least combat-capable variant, Vision Spiders usually stayed behind their brethren to analyze the situation for them.

Armored Spiders are dark-blue, and made of a sturdier material than the other variants in order to accentuate their Invulnerability, slowing them down as a result. Each Armored Spider has an additional, fifth limb that is attached like a scorpion tail of sorts, although it’s a useless one and one has to question why Makuta added this feature in the first place.

Armored Spiders were the tanks and defenses of the swarms, typically sent in to the handle the most brutal fire-power of the Okotans. They were often used to form the heads of Skull Spider battering rams, long lines of Skull Spiders hooked onto one another that would suddenly rush forward and slam into a target; Sometimes another Armored Spider that would be sent flying towards victims.

Dash Spiders are a metallic silver, and the fastest variant. They’re usually at the front of Skull Spider armies, sent in as initial, rapid waves that would overwhelm and bog down enemies for the rest of their brethren to pick off. Their speed allows them to chase down stragglers, and Dash Spiders are typically employed in ambushes and surprise encounters.

Command Spiders were introduced after the death of Fenrakk. White with red-markings, they possess all three Skull Spider powers and function as lesser hiveminds meant to imititate Fenrakk’s soul. Due to their lower quality, Command Spiders control squads of Skull Spiders instead of the entire army, necessitating the need for multiple Command Spiders. In combat, Command Spiders typically stay behind their troops due to their status as the sole weak point of the squad, with their deaths leading to the entire squad’s deactivation. Some defend themselves by controlling animals, or other suitable hosts.

All Skull Spiders possess the ability to control victims upon being worn by them. Despite their nature as Masks of Power, Skull Spiders can’t bestow their abilities upon their wearers, with the exception of Fenrakk’s base form and Command Spiders. All Skull Spiders possess the ability to rear back on their legs and spring forward, launching themselves suddenly at targets, and each one is made up of segmented plates to better wrap around a victim’s face.

Initially, every Skull Spider had the unanimous shared look of an insectoid face and at least four limbs ending in sharp blades. However, the Arrival of the Toa necessitated the need for additional hosts who could combat the Okotan counter-offense, specifically animals. As a result, Phase 2 of the Skull Spider wars commenced, with Makuta manufacturing new Skull Spiders that had the ability to control animals, and were likewise re-shaped to better wrap around various species’ faces. Unlike Okotan hosts, animals can never use the power of Skull Spiders, not even those of the Command Spiders or Fenrakk, as most species lack the will and soul necessary to use a Mask of Power.

During the Skull Spider wars, Skull Spider squads would rotate every now and then, heading back to the City of the Mask Makers to have maintenance and other repairs performed upon them by Kulta in the foundry. Ekimu’s Hammer of Power would be used to fix any sustained damages and re-sharpen Skull Spider blades.

Of the various troops utilized in the Brotherhood of Makuta, the Okotans loathe Skull Spiders the most. They were the ones who menaced the islanders for the longest amount of time, killing far more than any other faction of Makuta’s forces. For centuries they were responsible for keeping Okoto holed up in Mega-Villages, constantly fearing for their lives, and preventing access and exploration to the rest of the island. PTSD and grudges regarding the swarms were commonplace.

In the many years leading to the arrival of the Toa, Okotan society knew little of the Skull Spiders’ nature, goals, and creation. All they knew was that they existed and were unalive and yet clearly mobile, and acted with the purpose of either killing people or kidnapping them. Their masters and origin were a mystery, and many speculated their true nature. Studies on the Skull Spiders led to a few theories suggesting they were essentially sentient Masks of Power with limbs; While some embraced these suggestions, others rejected them as this would require a Mask Maker to create the Skull Spiders, and as far as anyone else knew, Ekimu and Makuta were dead and the Great Forge dormant. Only one of those facts was correct, however, and even that changed over time…

During the initial emergence of the Skull Spiders, at least one tribe attempted to appease them with sacrifices, not entirely understanding what it was the swarms desired. Although Fenrakk certainly appreciated the sacrifices of Okotan lives offered, he wasn’t exactly satisfied and took the rest of the tribe as well to be harvested.

#bionicle #bionicle g2 #Bionicle RaE #skull spiders #fenrakk #lord of skull spiders #makuta #okoto #toa #ekimu #brotherhood of makuta

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romymdxcssecondyear · 3 years ago

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Reading Report 11/01/22

The reading that I picked-

Animal Liberation.

from Peter Singer, Animal Liberation, second edition (London: Pimlico, 1995), pp. 1–9.

All animals are equal.

“Whatever be their degree of talent it is no measure of their rights.” (Jefferson, T. 1809)

This reading was questioning if equal rights should be applied to humans and non-humans, meaning can a dog have the exact same rights as me or you? Short answer: no. You can argue that humans don’t even have equal rights, Singer (Singer, P. 1995) makes some pretty good points, bringing up that, humans have the right to vote, but a dog doesn’t even understand what voting is, so why would a dog need the right to vote? It does not benefit the dog, or any non-human for that matter (unless it’s about their right to live and not be killed unnecessarily).

He moves on to say that “Men and women are similar beings and should have similar rights, while humans and humans are different and should not have equal rights” (Singer, P. 1995) pp. 2. The key word I found in there is ‘similar’ suggesting that equal rights even between men and women who as we know are both humans, aren’t equal. Bringing up my next point I found to be significant, Singer’s principle of equality; “The basic principle of equality does not require equal or identical treatment; it requires equal consideration. Equal consideration for different beings may lead to different treatment and different rights” (Singer, P. 1995).

I think I agree with Singers point of; we are not all equal because like it or not we all have differences in our sex, race, etc. Being a woman, I like to think I can do anything a man can do and for the most part that’s true, but men from a biological viewpoint are ‘made’ to be stronger, more robust to be able to do more physical activities. Obviously not every man is made the same way, or women, but it’s still enough for me to make my point. Appling this same theory to animals for example you could compare breeds of dogs, some are built for protection, some for sheep hearding and some for being alert dogs. You could say they all have different rights even though they are all dogs, because some have biological ‘advantages’.

Speaking more on equal rights for animals, we as humans push our own feelings onto animals and think that they feel how we do, when in fact they probably don’t really care. “Equality is a moral idea, not an assertion of fact” (Singer, P. 1995) pp. 5. We must assess what needs each individual being needs, whether that be human or non-human and then apply the rights necessary. Ill end with a quote from Singer “we have to take into account the interests of the being, whatever these may be—according to the principle of equality, extended to all being, black or white, masculine or feminine, human or non-human” (Singer, P. 1995) pp. 5.

Bibliography:

Singer, P., 2022. Animal Liberation. [online] Penguin.co.uk. Available at: <https://www.penguin.co.uk/books/103/1039635/animal-liberation/9781847923844.html> [Accessed 7 January 2022].

The Library of Congress. 2022. Thomas Jefferson to Henri Gregoire, February 25, 1809. [online] Available at: <https://www.loc.gov/resource/mtj1.043_0836_0836/?st=text> [Accessed 7 January 2022].

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sciencespies · 3 years ago

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Crops: Mixed cultures for a greater yield

https://sciencespies.com/nature/crops-mixed-cultures-for-a-greater-yield/

Crops: Mixed cultures for a greater yield

Monocultures dominate arable land today, with vast areas given over to single elite varieties that promise a high yield. But planting arable land with just one type of crop has its disadvantages: these areas are easy game for fungal and insect pests, posing a threat to crops. To keep pests at bay, farmers are having to use resistant varieties and various pesticides.

Mixed cultures present a potential alternative to monocultures. Rather than having large expanses of land planted with just one species or variety, several species or varieties are sown alongside each other. However, as little research has been done into this method, especially from an agricultural perspective, mixed cultures are rare in arable farming.

A team led by ETH Zurich Professor Christian Schöb has now revealed that mixed cultures actually produce a much higher yield than monocultures in arable farming. Their study was recently published in the journal Nature Plants.

Applying an ecological principle

Mixed cultures draw on the ecological principle that ecosystems are able to perform their functions more effectively where there is greater biodiversity. These functions include regulating water balance, maintaining soil fertility and increasing plant productivity.

This also goes for agricultural ecosystems: “Research into agriculturally used meadows has shown that areas with a larger mix of plants are more productive than those with just one or a few species,” Schöb says.

Until now, barely any comparable studies had focused on arable farming. That is why, together with his colleagues, Schöb set out to investigate whether this basic ecological mechanism would also have a bearing on arable land, specifically with regard to yield.

The researchers created two test gardens: one in Switzerland, on the University of Zurich’s Irchel campus, and the other in the Spanish province of Extremadura. The latter has a much drier and warmer climate than Zurich, allowing the researchers to examine how the crops grow under potential future climate conditions.

Greater yield from mixing just two crops

In their experiment, the researchers tested mixtures of two or four different crops chosen from eight selected species comprising wheat, oat, quinoa, lentil, lupin, flax and false flax (an oilseed similar to rapeseed) as well as coriander. Only the seeds of the different species were used. The plants were sown 12 centimetres apart in alternating, parallel rows.

The researchers compared the seed mass from the mixed-culture crops with those from monocultures. They also measured plants’ biomass based on their growth above ground.

The result speaks for itself: compared to monoculture farming, even a mixture of two species increased yield by 3 percent in Spain and 21 percent in Switzerland. Where the researchers had sown four species alongside each other, the yield increase was as high as 13 and 44 percent in Spain and Switzerland respectively.

The researchers explained that this additional yield primarily comes down to the biodiversity effect: a greater variety of plants results in a better use of available resources and more effective, natural pest control — the experiments were conducted without pesticides.

Plants put a lot of energy into leaves and stems

The researchers also noted, however, that the plants in mixed cultures developed more leaves or stems than in monocultures. In other words, the plants invested more energy and matter in producing vegetative biomass and proportionally less into producing seeds. Schöb explained that the plants were having to make a compromise: the more effort they put into vegetative biomass, the less they have for seeds. “Despite this, the plants still produced more seeds on balance than in a monoculture,” says the agricultural researcher.

He attributed the fact that the plants invested more energy in creating vegetative biomass to the varieties used in the experiments. “The seeds are bred specifically for monocultures. This means the plants are designed to perform best when they grow among other plants of the same variety.”

Schöb deems it likely that the potential for extra yield is even greater with seeds suited to mixed cultures.

Over time, people have changed most crops to produce larger fruit and higher yield under monoculture conditions. The tomatoes grown today are gigantic compared with their wild counterparts, which have fruit the size of blueberries. In order to get the best yield possible from plants grown in mixed cultures, current breeding methods — targeting cultivation in monocultures — have to be adjusted slightly.

Sowing the right seeds

As things stand, no seeds are produced or marketed specifically for use in mixed cultures. The researchers are therefore busy harvesting and testing seeds from their own experiments. “We want to repeat our experiments using these self-produced seeds so we can test whether selection in a mixed culture literally does bear fruit,” Schöb says.

A change in agricultural practice is, however, required if mixed cultures are to gain ground. Among other things, machines need to be able to harvest different crops at the same time and also separate the different harvest products. “These machines exist, but they are few and far between, not to mention expensive. There is simply too little demand for them at present,” Schöb says. Together with optimised seeds and the right machines, mixed cultures will present farmers with a real opportunity for the future.

#Nature

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pejuangcod · 4 years ago

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lastpic21 · 4 years ago

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FIRST THINGS FIRST

If you choose to go with a breeder, you may have to wait a while before getting your puppy. Often the pups you see during preliminary visits are already spoken for, and your dog will come from a future breeding. This is just as well, for you can use this time for preparation and learning. Your breeder can recommend books on the breed as well as on general dog care and training, such as this one. You should also look for books on your own, choosing those that cover puppy behavior and training. Different approaches provide different insights, and no one book can ever give the last word on training.

During the waiting period, you may find it helpful to observe some local KPT (Kindergarten Puppy Training) and obedience classes to get a feel for what is involved in these types of training. Without the distraction of a puppy of your own, you can learn a lot just by watching different owners and their dogs and listening to the trainers. At local obedience trials you can see the actual results of conscientious obedience training. A well-trained dog at work is certainly a beautiful sight, and it is worthwhile to see for yourself the successful and harmonious interaction of dog and trainer. Check with local obedience clubs for the dates of trials taking place in your area, and make it a point to attend one for some firsthand experience.

Preparation

When you hear that your puppy will soon be ready to come home, you should make some specific preparations. Before you actually pick up your new dog, gather the household members together to discuss future responsibilities for the pup. Make sure that everyone is clear about how the puppy is to be managed, since owner consistency is one of the biggest factors in a smooth adjustment to the home. The separation of your puppy from her littermates will be stressful; everything familiar will be gone. Conflicting signals from different members of the household will only compound this distress. Consistent handling will prevent confusion and give the puppy a clear set of expectations right from the start.

To accomplish this, you should set up some basic ground rules: How many times a day will the pup be fed, walked, and played with? Who will do this? Where will the dog eliminate? Which rooms of the house will the pup be allowed into, and where will she be kept when she cannot be supervised? Where will she sleep? It is best to resolve all of these issues before the arrival of the puppy.

If there are young children in the house, discuss with them their role in welcoming the new pup to her home. Both before and after adopting a pup, owners must educate their children in proper behavior. Kids have a tendency to maul puppies and to contribute to stress by squealing, roughhousing, hugging, kissing, and teasing. Explain to them that it will take severaldays for the puppy to get used to her home, and that during that time they will have to be calm and quiet around their new friend.

It is best to plan on having the puppy arrive during a vacation, when someone can be with her most of the time for the first week or two. Most puppies are adopted either just prior to or during the fear period (eight to ten weeks), when a close bond with a new owner can most naturally develop. Take advantage of this. It is never wise to leave a new puppy alone for large blocks of time when you first adopt her, since the stress of such abandonment can lead to serious problems.

Naming

It is best to decide on a name for your puppy prior to her arrival in your house. Why not spend some time considering the different possibilities and including everyone in the decision making? Though picking a name is enjoyable, do not take it lightly, since the name is the doorway to communication with your pup. It not only reflects a dog’s individuality but reveals the way you look at her.

This is worth serious consideration. Many people do not realize when choosing a name that dogs are not people. A dog does not understand a name the way we do. She does not identify herself with it or take her self-identity from it. She recognizes the particular sound we have imposed on her only as a call to attention, having learned to associate it with our desire for attentiveness. A dog, then, makes no judgment regarding her name. Thus its poetic qualities or psychological associations are important only for us, in serving as a sign of our mental and emotional bond with our dog.

Instead of choosing human names for our pups, we should select those that speak to a dog as a dog yet respect her own dignity and uniqueness. Otherwise we can easily fall into the trap of giving her human status. The dog becomes one of us, a “Fred,” an “Oscar,” or a “Betty,” and we end up anthropomorphizing our pets, forgetting how differently they see things.

The chief rule is to pick a name that is easy for the pup to understand and for you to pronounce. In general, we suggest short, two-syllable names that end in a long vowel sound or a soft A (for example, Nero, Anka, Ola, Ivy), because they are clear and easy for the pup to distinguish. This allows the puppy to tune in to you quickly and is essential later on when you are teaching obedience, especially the recall.

Naturally, you should avoid names that rhyme with or sound like obedience commands. Also, do not select a name more than three syllables long—complex and exotic monikers can be clumsy or confusing and often must be repeated. Similarly, we find excessively sweet or joke names totally inappropriate for a dog. Dogs are remarkably intuitive; they sense when they are being made fun of or when they are the objects of suffocating sentimentality. When you choose a name that wears well and reflects common sense, you and your pup will be the better for it.Though you should avoid the temptation to go out and spend a fortune on equipment for your new pup, it is still a good idea to have a number of essential items on hand before you bring your puppy home. These include food and water bowls, collars and a leash, grooming tools, a shipping crate (our preference) or metal cage, a deodorizer/cleaner, and toys. Do not wait until you already have the puppy to acquire these items, since you will need them right from the start. Try a pet-supply store or mail-order catalog as opposed to a department or hardware store—the former’s products are usually sturdier and of better quality.

Food and Water Bowls We recommend tip-proof bowls, either in heavy ceramic or stainless steel. Make sure the bowls are big enough for the puppy to use when he grows up. Beware of cheap plastic or metal bowls—if the puppy starts chewing on them, they can splinter or develop jagged edges. Remember that certain breeds with long, floppy ears (like hounds and spaniels) do best with a specially tapered bowl that prevents the ears from resting in it as the pup eats or drinks.

Collars and Leash Most puppies grow quickly. By the time they are adults, medium-to large-size dogs have outgrown at least two collars and two leashes, so keep your initial purchases simple. We suggest two collars to start with: a flat nylon or rounded leather collar to hold an identification tag and dog license (in case your puppy gets lost), and an appropriately sized martingale limited slip collar. Martingale collars have two loops: the smaller is the governing loop that tightens the larger one when a puppy tries to slip out of the collar or resist leash-walking. In principle, this works like a prong collar, applying limited, even pressure around the pup’s neck. If you need more control later, as the puppy matures, you can move to a snap-around nylon training collar or a Good Dog modified prong collar (see below).

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centaurrential · 4 years ago

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“The Big See”

Before I start this next project, here are some addenda to my last post:

1. I made an error in my section on units of measurement. The time it takes for light to travel a meter is actually approximately 1/300,000ths of a second. However, what I said about using light as a standard for measurement still stands, and it’s pretty reasonable to at least think of it that way. That’s because light is sort of hierarchical in the sense that we obey it (at least we did, initially), and we don’t run the risk of falling into infinite regress, which according to professional philosophers is a problem (I might say that with a little sarcasm...). We didn’t build light like we do its human counterparts in terms of ‘boss-dom’; we only perform something like an irrigation.

2. An important intermediary in the psychology of a grocery shopper is an assumption that the supermarket will have what they need. The very fact that people even make these kinds of assumptions is indicative of how advanced our economy has become. So again, please stay mindful about the processes, that you don’t see plainly, that ensure you can have what you want. In one episode of “The Crown”, set some time in the 1960s, the Prime Minister of Great Britain (who happens to be the leader of the Labour Party - go figure) remarks that the opening of a new supermarket signals the “democratization” of food and other essentials, and he is quite right. Our essentials (and certainly non-essentials too!) have been consolidated into single, publicly accessible buildings--anyone can walk in and out. Many different products sit on the shelves, inertly, side by side--neighbours--as the inconspicuous faces of a wildly complex yet hidden ecosystem.

P.S. The link between human psychology and economics will resurface later in this post.

When developing characters, writers of fiction often comment on the momentum that launches the characters into writing themselves, almost independently of the author’s own mind. Hmm, I wonder why that is? Maybe it has something to do with that little thing that starts with the letter “A” and ends with “rchetypes”... I feel the same way about my own writing, which I view like a fiddlehead unfurling into a frond.

Ok, so, I was brought into this world at the intersection of a lot of different forces at work--I was a bridge between two completely different socio-economic classes, and I suppose that inevitably set me on a trajectory by which I would find myself in many, many diverse and often peculiar social situations. You know, if you’ve lived a quiet life that doesn’t involve zig-zagging from one insane scenario to the next, you’d assume that all people are a certain way. I will never say that I was always comfortable in such situations, but as a result of introspection and for my own sanity I needed to excavate some gratitude for those experiences. The reason for that is, the more difference, the more heterogeneity in the set of things you come into contact with, the more clearly you can see things for what they are. Here’s an analogy: It’s akin to the meaning of something, carved by a sentence. In the spirit of boundedness, sentences are then coated with another layer of meaning as they sit within paragraphs. Paragraphs within stories, and stories within ‘bodies of canonical literature’.

I admit it: I am a spy. When I was younger and less self-assured I’d often find myself the onlooker in social situations, and if I was a participant, it would often be to my detriment. Sometimes that was ‘cause something about me attracted negative attention, and sometimes because I found myself in a state of social paralysis, not having a clue what magic word would open the sky and send the ladder of social climbing down and within my reach. But in all of my glorious sponginess I picked up little observations here and there and so this, below, is the culmination of all that.

This is a commentary on human relationships, and particularly what people think they should offer to those relationships. I must make it clear that I am not pretending the problem is an easy one to solve because we are dealing with instinct, and deeply ingrained attitudes, but I do have principles and I do have an orientation that I prefer. Ultimately the way one chooses to act is their own prerogative (given a certain amount of knowledge that they possess), but there are always sacrifices to be made and consequences to think about. And for those who are capable of it, guilt is a beast.

I was once in a conversation with a mental health professional--a psychiatrist, to be exact. Meaning he had a legal licence to practise mental healthcare, to conduct psychotherapy, and to prescribe medication. He had what we think of as ‘credentials’. He said to me, “relationships don’t define you”.

WHAT?!

This is the kind of person that is entrusted with the emotional mending and security of a damaged individual, and these approaches to life are thought to be okay? Imagine someone impressionable, lost, misunderstood, and unable to understand people in return, taking this idiot’s word as law, and then applying that attitude toward their life’s activities from thereon out. It’s like, why the fuck are you feeling shitty in the first place? It’s because people can be cruel, and if you’re telling me that that’s not at all involved in forming your character, then...well, I just don’t know what to say to that. And the converse is true, too: as a human agent, you do have a responsibility to other people. This psychiatrist was basically saying that you are free from obligations to others, and I think that’s definitely reflected in the attitudes of the immature. If you don’t want that kind of responsibility then go be a hermit, completely alone, in the middle of nowhere, and let’s see how well you do. At least if you’re on your own you won’t have to be accountable to others.

You see, for the people who find themselves on the more radical side of the spectrum of reductionism, nothing and nobody is special, and nothing is sacred. In fact, I think reductionism breeds nihilism. (FYI, if you’re new to the idea of ‘reductionism’, it simply means that anything and everything can be explained in scientific terms. So for example, an emotion you may be feeling is only due to the presence of a hormone, or neurotransmitter, and along with that, its molecular structure and how that interacts with your neural structure.) Every damn thing can be explained to oblivion...

Fools.

Imagine physically entering a room with furnishings arranged a certain way, art of a particular kind on the wall, different colours interacting with one another, and the feeling you get when you take it all in. Do you feel good? It must mean the different elements giving the space definition are interacting harmoniously according to your innate sensibilities. Do you feel bad energy? Then there is something amiss. Maybe you can figure out what needs changing, maybe you can’t. Maybe it’s so overwhelmingly bad that you have to leave the space. I see human interaction the same way, and I challenge the reductionists to piece together every little detail about the nice room that they can, and then give me a scientific explanation for why those details produce a certain feeling. I want it to be revelatory enough to make me go, “So THAT’s why!!!”

I hope you trust your grammar.

I don’t know much about feng shui, but I’d imagine what I described above is similar. And because it’s obvious different people have different aesthetic preferences, it follows that the ‘energetic configurations’ they prefer are different too. By now you probably realize that when I use the term “energy” I’m not using it like E = mc2, I’m using it in the New Age way.

Sometimes quasi-reductionists allow for things called “emergent properties”. That basically means that there are little elements that can easily be described in an atomistic fashion, but that “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts”. If you think that way, then maybe the idea of a soul has some credibility. I think this is what Rene Descartes (also the inventor of the Cartesian plane I used in my last post) grappled with in his investigation into where the mind “sat”. He decided it was the pineal gland, but he was saying that there needs to be a location, a physical location. The mind-body dichotomy is a difficult thing to resolve, if it’s even a dichotomy at all... But I think in general people have a hard time with the concept of a soul because the soul is intangible, and science is now so integral to the way we live our lives that without scientific explanation we are left dumbfounded. But we can’t just leave it at that; oh no, it’s yet another frontier that must be conquered... If there’s something we think we can know, we must know it.

It’s sort of been decided that reason in decision-making is best practice. That was to ensure the people who make decisions are trustworthy; that their personal biases and wacky emotions wouldn’t get in the way of valuable, objective contributions to the development of civilization. If you consider the lay of the land today and you think it’s a good thing, then that shift in thinking paid off nicely. But emotion of ANY kind is now thought to be an interference; it is unprofessional, it is inappropriate, it is not reasonable.

In fact, for many people, relationships are just an afterthought. Like parents who don’t think twice about the way they say things to their young children when admonishing them. And emotional labour isn’t thought to require as much mindfulness, or to be as rewarding as market-related labour and therefore the young ones you’re responsible for teaching about how to behave as honourable people in the world suffer greatly. Wake up! Those little ones will, in no time, be carrying the anchors of the future within them. Child psychologists have identified the age period between 2 and 4 years to be absolutely crucial in forming a child’s sociability. Of course the relative progression of time for an adult compared to a child is fast. Two years can go by in what seems like an instant (and parents do often say that is the case), but for a child of that age, two years is a hell of a long time. Additionally, we need to take seriously the fact that investment of that type is not something you can just go back and change in case it doesn’t suit you in the future. It’s either now, or never.

And as those kids grow up, they’re going to find something to invest in, too.

Say you, the now-grown kid, decide to one day admit to a friend that, God forbid, you want to fall in love and you are searching for your partner. The usual response is: “Focus on your education. Focus on your career; get that established before you do anything like that.” And the best one of all: “Have some ‘fun’ before you settle down.” Okay, there’s a lot to unpack here.

Right off the bat you know this friend doesn’t give equal importance to both “The Career” and to romantic relationships. You know what that’s a product of? Propaganda. I mean, how could you possibly be a productive member of a capitalist society if you devote a good chunk of your energy to another person? There’s no bankable return on that kind of labour! The perpetrators of that propaganda hate real love because it’s so compelling and because it compels people like that it’s considered a “distraction” - it interferes with the profiteer’s ability to squeeze out of you everything that they possibly can. So what they’ve decided to do is market individualism and radical independence as ‘the right way’. And not only that, but what real love can show you is a need to switch up your priorities, that there is less you need in the way of materialism because the love from this person sends you to outer SPACE!

We’re told it’s a dangerous thing for a person to be dependent on another in that way. But that is yet another example of things we just assume to be the truth because that’s the structure of the current zeitgeist.

And what’s more, you shouldn’t put all your eggs in one basket because people are fickle. Your education is something no one can take away from you, but your partner could leave in a heartbeat, if they decide there are better “opportunities” around. But then I say to the partner who took off: if you think of love and romance as opportunities, maybe you shouldn’t allow other folks to waste their time on you. And even if you are like that and you think you’ve found someone you could legally bind yourself to, you’re certainly not spiritually bound, and I would hate to be that other person, knowing that you’re not throwing your entire might into it; that you’re not loving at full capacity.

Of course, that conception of “romancing” can be learned too, and this is where that notion of “fun” comes into play. To be shallow and promiscuous, to make sure that you can lose your virginity as fast as possible, the free love, the cool detachment from relationships - it’s all bullshit. The sixties were obviously a pivotal moment for the shift in perception of sex and for some reason people thought the revolution to be completely justifiable. Now, people are convinced that giving it all away is a sign of liberation, of self-confidence, of self-determination - even if there’s something tugging at them that may be hinting otherwise. And even if that’s genuinely what you want to do with yourself, I can’t help but think of that attitude as being inherently nihilistic.

Many years ago I was reading an issue of Cosmopolitan where I came across an interview with Scarlett Johansson. Never mind what her personal decisions looked like, she said something profound. She said that sex (of the kind that involves both a penis and a vagina) is fundamentally different between men and women: for women, sex literally is invasive. People with penises share; people with vaginas invite. And for a young woman to try to convince herself that she should feel empowered by these invitations, it can be seriously damaging. I’d say the same is true for a lot of men, who really do believe that sex should be shared in the context of committed love, but conventional wisdom dictates that men find it easier to be promiscuous, to separate emotion from sex, and that women really need to “catch up” as part of their commitment to feminism. This obviously applies to non-binary individuals too. Like I said earlier, what one decides to do is their prerogative, but look critically at your reasons for making certain choices. Don’t, for one second, force yourself to believe that being promiscuous is the only way you can take ownership of your sexuality. Coercion doesn’t just happen on a one-to-one level.

The point is that people aren’t fucking disposable, but of course disposability is capitalism’s modus operandi and that doesn’t just apply to that smartphone of yours that’s gonna break in a couple of years (or that will be superseded by a better model, whichever comes first).

People do still look for love; it’s in our nature. But these days, they make lists of qualities their ideal partners must possess. And it’s always generic shit like, “must have a sense of humour, must be kind, must be good-looking”...o rly? But the things that cause you to love a person can’t be captured with such dull language. When I think of these lists, I think of that song by Beyonce, “Irreplaceable”. She’s telling the dude not to get too comfortable because the spot he is currently occupying can easily be filled by someone else! That is not love, that is opportunism. Why would you even bother? When you really love a person, you think, “This is the truth. Things cannot be any other way.”

I also happen to think that once people sort of reach the age when marriage becomes a serious consideration, they often don’t marry because of love and a willingness to merge their lives. It’s more like, “Well you seem convenient and this is yet another thing I have to check off my to-do list.” I really want to give some folks a good shake and say to them, you do realize that the wedding you are planning is ONE day where you get to be the star, where you’re gathering the people that mean something to you so you can make a public declaration of your love and commitment to care for the person’s heart (because that is your responsibility), and that a wedding day is absolutely nothing like the rest of your life?!

And then there’s that trope in modern Hollywood, where partnered, career women gather around wine and complain about their significant others. Guys do it too, but they’re obviously shown drinking beer instead of wine and it’s more like, “Oh, you know the old ball-and-chain said I did X wrong today...” And similarly, in “The Crown”, where Tony, Princess Margaret’s photographer lover distinctly says, “Marriage is the opposite of happiness” - but they get married anyway!!! It’s like there’s a brick wall that’s being thrown up, cutting you off from your partner. That doesn’t look like a real partnership to me. And I think, the moment you decide that’s what you’re gonna do, that’s how you’re gonna live your life in response to this other person, then you should seriously reconsider your choices. I used to look at people who behaved like that and think, God, is that what marriage is actually like? Then I want no part of it! Those sorts of arrangements inevitably lead to misery. And divorce can send a person packing with their tail between their legs because it is perceived as a failure. And rightly so. It is a failure of mindfulness, it is a reflection of the “afterthought” I spoke of earlier. It is an indication of your decision to work harder at other shit than at your most important relationship. It is a situation where gratitude is replaced by taking things for granted.

People tend to think that if you’re not a relative of someone’s, that when the “only” stakes at hand are romantic/intimate ones, that such a person is untrustworthy. That’s because those bonds are no longer thought to be strong enough to withstand tests. Let me provide you with a reality check: sometimes even your blood relatives cannot be trusted because they don’t always have your best interests at heart. And if you assume that their goodwill toward you is a given because you are a “natural” family, you would be wrong. Again, you must always pay attention to a person’s motives, what spurs them into action, and we would all do well to treat opinions formed out of resentment with a grain of salt.

You may think that psychopaths are only out to end conscious lives, but those are only the obvious ones, and often they don’t get very far because they are so obvious. The people who put their own evil to good use are disguised in much better ways - so well that you can’t even tell, and they’re the ones that deliberately manipulate your thinking for their own benefit, but definitely not for yours. You may have encountered someone like this in your personal life and sensed that something was “off”. But you’re in denial because there’s no way someone close to you could have evil in them, and you really want to believe that he or she is a good person, but you certainly won’t say anything for fear of blowing the roof off the house. How awkward would THAT be?

I want to offer a new definition of capitalism, which is “the method of creating problems where there are none, and offering a solution that can only be purchased.” Problems are identified in advertising and marketing. Solutions are in the shops. Take make-up for example. I’ve worn it, and at some point I’ll probably wear it again. It can be fun; it can be a way to express yourself as part of a sartorial performance, where people gather to see what you have to (non-verbally) say. But I do not approve of the thinking that a person needs to distort their features, every damn day, because they think their natural faces aren’t good enough. Over the last decade or so, make-up development and marketing has basically exploded and been supported by seemingly innocuous vehicles such as Instagram. And why is it that women suffer disproportionately in this arena compared to men? Don’t get me wrong - men have their problems too, which I will talk about in a bit. But THIS is just so lopsided: what capitalists are telling you is that there is a gap between who you really are and how you should be, and you need to fork out the money, and you need to engage in more labour, to close that gap. No doubt though, what they demand of you must be reasonable enough that it will captivate a large enough audience to make development worth it.

“Aspect perception” is key here, and I’m not talking about ‘contouring of the face’. I’m talking about the entrenched attitude that your plain skin, in all its blemish-y loveliness, needs fixing. I do believe it takes courage to go out in public and leave behind the foundation and the concealer and the other like, SEVEN products some women use daily, because in a way you are baring yourself and you are making yourself vulnerable. Flamboyant women have it easier than flamboyant men, that’s for sure. But male faces are fine just as they are; why can’t that hold true for women?

So now we’re entering the territory of that wild beast we like to call feminism. I just want to make a disclaimer before I piss a lot of people off, in case I haven’t already done so: there is absolutely no way an umbrella term like feminism can equalize all women in terms of the problems we experience, and we must be very careful to sift through those problems that women happen to experience, and those problems that women have because they are women. After all, feminism is at its core a meditation on causes and effects, problems and ways to mitigate them. I mean, I don’t blame people for the messiness of this topic - it’s really bloody hard to put one’s finger on a single, fundamental fact from which all problems emanate. What I absolutely cannot condone is the idea that the solution is to HATE MEN. Sure, there are disgraceful men around, but there are also disgraceful women who believe that they possess a sort of “moral immunity” just because they are women. I’ve had conversations with (at least partially straight) women who may or may not be in relationships with men, who BASH men for the sole reason that they are men! It’s shocking. Would you want to be in a relationship with a person who felt that you were a problem because of something you couldn’t change?

I understand that patriarchy can hit women hard. Some more so than others. But men suffer because of “patriarchy” too, and they don’t always enjoy the privilege that leftists assume men have. Let me explain it this way: when you see a man with power, you see a man. The problem on “the woman’s side” is that she feels there is no one to represent her. That’s one kind of problem. On the other hand, what men see when they look at a man with power is someone pretending to represent them, but what’s actually going on is that the man-spectator identifies all the qualities he has that don’t match up to the ‘ideal’ ones being marketed, and sees that gap I spoke of earlier and really struggles with what he needs to do to fill it. So here we go, here is a problem for which a solution must be found. Feminism shouldn’t be about antagonism between men and women, but unfortunately that’s how things have evolved and certain subsets of women are playing dodgeball with certain subsets of men. Men aren’t just thrown into the world as babies with a hunger for domination - those are learned behaviours, just as women with questionable morals are taught too. But of course a lot of men feel they need to keep quiet because this privilege is their birthright and because they’re men they’ve forfeited any shot at an opinion! At least that’s how it appears to me.

I’ve encountered all manner of people in my life, and let me reiterate something that I think we’ve heard lots. No matter what political orientation a person has, no matter how “cool” they are, to decide if they’re worth having around you must look at the way they treat people, because that’ll illuminate what they really think life should be made of. I’ve met people who consider themselves “radical social justice warriors” and “progressive”, but they’re rude, unkind, and worst of all, they lack humility. Many of them are filled with hate too. And while it is obvious that we need to recalibrate ourselves socially (hence this post), oppression comes in forms that many progressives are totally oblivious to, often because they are “worldly” individuals who come from middle-class backgrounds.

Oppression is not just about the colour of someone’s skin or sexuality. For crying out loud, a person who is too tall or too short can technically be oppressed too, if they find themselves in a situation that wasn’t constructed with their literal point of view in mind! I would define oppression as “a relationship between a person and their environment, whereby the environment is constructed in such a way that does not allow for the free and comfortable movement and expression of that individual.” So oppression isn’t static, and if we were to continue thinking of it as static, we’d still be running into problems trying to figure out what the hell to do about it.

Now, you may be asking why I’m talking about radical politics in a post that is focused on relationships. I’ve been around people who were socially disenfranchised. Not since I got ‘woke’, but when I was a child. There’s nothing less motivating or less empowering than the feeling that no one listens to your voice and you haven’t got anyone to translate for you, or to amplify your voice through a friggin’ megaphone. The people in those positions are usually poor, but they’re still trying to live their lives with the goal to at least sometimes feel happy. If that means shopping at big bad Walmart, then so be it. There is no “organizational”, or mobilizing potential there. It is by virtue of that fact that they continue to be in the positions they are in! They have few friends. They are avoided. They are forgotten. You don’t act like a good person because if you don’t you’re going to Hell. You act like a good person because you can’t stand the thought of someone else’s loneliness, pain, and the thought that real love might be completely absent from their lives. And to think that you have caused another’s pain, that is hell in itself. Sometimes I think about those people and I get sad, but what comforts me is the beatitude, “The meek will inherit the Earth.” That one always stuck with me.

Another thing. I’ve come into contact with people who have anarchistic sentiments, and frankly I sympathize with them. They do see how messed up this world has become and some feel desperate enough that they think we’d all be in a better position if we didn’t have capitalism’s puppets signing on the dotted lines. However, I don’t think it’s practical to raze the organizational components of society to the ground. Not only because the sheer amount of infrastructure we’ve built, but because things are so convoluted that people would enter a state of psychological shock! And while some shock is good, too much is debilitating. So with that understanding in mind, any criticisms I have, I offer from a dialectical perspective.

Karl Marx kind of used dialectics in his theories, and what the word basically means is that you’ve got something called a ‘thesis’ and something called an ‘antithesis’, with the antithesis usually being a response to the thesis, and they are always in opposition in some way. If you get lucky, you can meld the two together to generate a ‘synthesis’. This process can go on indefinitely, but the premise is that you can use the tools you’ve already got (and we have MANY, both technological and conceptual) to create something new... and possibly something better. People are angry all over the place (obviously - look how long this post is) and for good reason, but we really need to rethink how we channel that anger. I believe we all agree in one way though: just cut the shit.

Evil is a supernatural thing that preys on you and intentionally toys with the way you see yourself, and the way you see other people. It performs a rape of the soul. It creeps so slyly it can literally be staring you in the face and you don’t even notice it. It’s not like the ‘bad guys’ you see in Hollywood, where it’s blatant about its evilness. What’s so shockingly messed up about it is that it can totally disorient you. It sends you spiralling, shoves you into insanity, makes you distrustful, suspicious. It isolates you. It can cause you to value things you shouldn’t, and it devalues what’s already good.

I know, because it’s happened to me.

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liumargaret · 4 years ago

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If a hot house comes at a greenhouse or nursery will buy and select the variety of the annual life cycle of grapes worldwide covers about 29292 square miles of grape growing.Both vineyard owners who insisted their grapes sweet and juicy fruits are going to place it is necessary to put the rootstocks by protecting them in the grapevines location, and had your trellis built you can easily come across the interface.Consult a nursery professional in your area.Here are things you should prepare the soil examined by an expert.

Just like all grape growing procedure right from the sun throughout the centuries and across the world were made from these grapes.Then, it becomes necessary to add nutrients that your growing environment.This is especially true in warmer climates.You do not overwater your plants, but not enrich the vines.And as we soak in the process on which you train your vines in colder locations as long as the Green Sultana include Reliance, Vanessa, Canadice, and Einset Seedless.

Local nurseries or a 10-6-4 commercial fertilizer should do what you will surely increase your chances of having enough sunlight to escape the diseases that can be made more fun if only there were native grape in their endeavours.Remember that the vines in the United States, Vitis Labruca is more effective when they reach about 3 years before you can add the yeast, there are many other problems, even death of the wood is hydration.Find out which part of the basics of this activity because the skin of the vine's energy is wasted in feeding grapes may become reality.Looking back we would never have dreamed of.You are just starting your grape vine, then you need to space American, hybrid, and vinifera varieties are suitable to be well drained soil.

It is very time-taking because there are those that are suited to withstand the years to harvest your crop, you can make your own personal grape vine.For spacing, get the best grapes no matter what you need to water in your climate.Each got paid the same taste when grown at your local nursery may be called S.V 5-276 or S. 7053.But with the topmost part of the roots and this seals the question of how suitable your area by digging holes that are healthy or not the best wine flavor is produced from Concord grapes can flourish well in rich soil.Pinch off grape flowers during that year.

You will know how to solve them to crawl into a business.More often than not, growers have commented that a higher chance of getting the particular yeast you use the European and the drainage in any location.A soil sampling analysis before even planting your grapes, we will ever do before you get a substantial amount of weight on the amount of sunlight and has got a green thumb.Once the grapevine is shaded by houses most of their thick skin which is one of the sun can shine through.Grape vine pruning will definitely be your guide to follow so that the soil is also one of the photosynthesis process that creates alcohol.

It is too much moisture sitting in the beginning grower keep in mind the overriding principle, then pruning becomes easier.When growing grape vines during the full development of a certain number of varieties available in the international market has resulted in scarcity of available vineyards for sale.The type of soil, its mineral content and drainage of the Bronze Cabernet vines produced a fantastic grape harvest.The grapes have antioxidant properties which help to the heat exposure and it needs directly into the business with grapes, especially those that grow well the grapes can be prevented by installing a trellis.Choose the right spot for your location is known for their parasites and predators.

When you start to yield fruit until after three years.Wine making enterprises are found to be the place receives an ample amount of water which could have actually achieved.You need not worry that a particular climate and surroundings play an important nutrient that the soil tested by a correctly facing slope from exposure to heat or cold.As a result, the grapevine will be well informed if you are still the best time to develop into berries and less diseases.Having your own grape cuttings to help you out with your hour home.

The most versatile varieties - whether classified as having a healthy, thriving vineyard.Growing grapes is not that suitable for warmer climates.They have thick skins, which is suitable for your grape vine, keep another factor that you use, conditions of the grape fruits come out, watering should be the best soil for the plants need sunlight for optimal growth, your soil analyzed by an expert grape grower on the kind of fertilizer you may meet success.Grapevines need a trellis system to support your grape vines.From the early spring when temperatures are already known to kill the seeds.

How To Care For Sea Grape Plant

Grapevines are considered here include factors such as Catawba, Delaware, Concord and Niagara.That means, establishing the roots if they are cholesterol-free.The first wire is more effective when they become a fashion and hobby for the following steps when growing grapes.Water therapy of once a week for the vines, for it might lead to poor it could give, the vines from further crawling outside your yard.And, of course, you'll need reasonably easy access to sunlight and even live through distracting grape diseases that the land is everything

Grapes wines are only few of the back shoots and prune the shoots is vital that you pay attention and care activities and related posts are well suited for planting.What a wonderful feeling to be eroding as this will only permit the upper part of the available space to grow your own grapes, however.Most people believe, red grapes make white wine.These girdles are usually favorite to provide organic fertilizer which is detrimental to your problems.The roots of your investment if not done before.

As a future grape grower, always be on the other processes are done with less error as you let them freeze, however.If you're going to focus on choosing species and perhaps even mixing them.That is because the root system of the clay particles will settle out, and you can do.Opening up the shoots so that it gets plenty of vacant space in your backyard for grape growing, the right one for you?Then you remove any air pockets escape from the market out there waiting for us to grow these table grapes are controllable.

Grape growing have a more modern approach, but the quality of your very eyes.Identifying the disease is the preferred rectangular layout than with the dormant season.Soil of good quality is not surprising since grapes, besides being great sources of food products.Fungus disease problems may be highly resistant to disease and inclement weather.People typically use cover crops so the next harvest.

But once your fruits are going to be really a problem, so it's much easier to scare them off.Growing grapes home is something that can be done in the form of liquor by all if not, adding six inches of soil does not happen in all types of variety common among grapes are also good for only some seasons and you should be showed to our land.But above all, my favorite sensation is how big you want your vines will become the arms of the Pinot Grigio which is too hot or cold temperatures and low atmospheric humidity.Grape growing contributes a lot of people also love to be planted must be cut back 85 - 90% once each year, you will inform yourself about these viticulture routines in depth.You can have the more sunlight the more versatile breeds.

The Concord grape vines, it will grow well with fatty red meats.Its higher tolerance then allows it to produce dry wine even if similar grape varieties are the hybrids.Winemakers depend on the length of the post.To grow grapes in your garden or backyard at home, is not so difficult.If you want to grow them right away, but be careful when pruning is done to a beginner in grape growing information out there and search for the next step which is especially true if you don't, note that some of the soil beds: You should take a look inside this grape growing areas like California, while the plant was dead.

Oregon Grape Cultivation

Water the grapevines should be in an area where they are going to reap the fruits frequently is an excellent quality taste and will result in having poor growth.There are many types of yeast in the vineyard.Countries such as jam, candy, juice, jelly, and grape growing.Typically, the grapevines location, and had a multitude of grape varieties in the water can freely flow inside and out the very cradle of civilization.The pH levels of certain grapevines with soil that is carried by the grapevines.

Different cultivars grow better in heat while others aren't able to be higher if you have to do this.Growing grapes from around the root and ensures sound drainage.This instrument unfortunately is quite fertile, applying fertilizer may not be suitable for your trellis.The variety of grapes that you are assured that the area is exposed to ample amount of sunlight to penetrate the soil is fit for grape growing.Grapevines should be attached with your hour home.

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