#coyote range expansion

[easterncoyoteenthusiast]

Coyote Range Expansion & Diet

A 2018 study conducted by Hody and Kays, which examined the geographic distribution of coyotes between 1900 and 2016, has determined that coyotes have dramatically extended their range across much of North and Central America. They attribute this expansion, in part, to environmental homogenization and the extirpation of wolf populations. The former likely created suitable habitats out of previously unsuitable ones, while the latter likely reduced coyotes’ predation risk and/or allowed them to incorporate larger prey into their diets [1].

Their hybrid offspring—coywolves—have an equally extensive range and "currently inhabit all of the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada" [2, p. 39]. Their habitats are extremely variable, including everything from wilderness to urban environments [2; see also 3]. They are omnivores and will therefore eat "anything from meat to melons" [2, p. 27]. The primary components of their diet, however, are small mammals (i.e., mice, voles, rabbits, and groundhogs). Interestingly, they have been found, on occasion, to eat seals [2].

For related information, see my post on hybridization.

References:

[1] Hody, J.W. & Kays, R. (2018). Mapping the expansion of coyotes (Canis latrans) across North and Central America. ZooKeys, 759, 81-97. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.759.15149

[2] Way, J.G. (2021). Coywolf: Eastern coyote genetics, ecology, management, and politics. Eastern Coyote/Coywolf Research, Barnstable, Massachusetts. www.easterncoyoteresearch.com/Coywolf/

[3] Way, J.G., Cifuni, S.M., Eatough, D.L., & Strauss, E.G. (2006). Rat poison kills a pack of eastern coyotes, Canis latrans, in an urban area. Canadian Field Naturalist, 120(4), 478-480.

Photo credits (in order of appearance):

Hody, J.W. & Kays, R. (2018). Mapping the expansion of coyotes (Canis latrans) across North and Central America [digital photograph]. Accessed 15 March 2023, https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.759.15149, p. 89.

Adapted from Way, J.G. (2021). Eastern coyote colonization of the Northeast [digital photograph]. Accessed 14 March 2023, www.easterncoyoteresearch.com/Coywolf/, p. 23.

TL;DR:

Coywolves live in many different environments and currently inhabit all of the northeastern US and southeastern Canada

Coywolves are omnivores and eat "anything from meat to melons"

Hybridization | DNA Analyses | Behavior & Ecology | Attitudes | Conservation | The Anthropocene

[whencyclopedia]

White Bull

White Bull (Tatanka Ska, l. 1849-1947) was a Hunkpapa Lakota Sioux warrior, nephew of Sitting Bull (l. c. 1837-1890), who is among the many claimed to have killed Lt. Colonel George Armstrong Custer (l. 1839-1876) at the Battle of the Little Bighorn. He may also be the main character in the well-known Cheyenne tale An Eagle's Teaching.

White Bull participated in several engagements with the US military, including the skirmish at Arrow Creek by the Yellowstone River (Elk River) in 1872 between Sitting Bull and Custer. White Bull is the primary source for the famous story of Sitting Bull's "smoking party" during that encounter at which he demonstrated his complete contempt for Custer and his men by calmly smoking his pipe with others, including White Bull, within range of Custer's men as bullets whizzed and thumped into the earth around them.

He also fought in Red Cloud's War (1866-1868) alongside Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse, Red Cloud, Spotted Tail, Two Strike, Roman Nose (Cheyenne Warrior), Cheyenne chiefs Morning Star (Dull Knife) and Little Wolf (also known as Little Coyote), among others, including the Cheyenne warrior Wooden Leg who is another contender for the title of the person who killed Custer at the Battle of the Little Bighorn, the most famous engagement of the Great Sioux War of 1876-1877.

After the Battle of the Little Bighorn, White Bull followed his uncle and others, including Sioux war chief Gall (l. c. 1840-1894) into exile in Canada. He eventually returned, earlier than the others, and surrendered to US authorities. He later became a judge and an advocate for the claims of the Sioux concerning the Black Hills. Like Two Strike (l. c. 1831-1915), White Bull's participation in the resistance to US westward expansion has been overshadowed by narratives of his more famous contemporaries.

He is best known today for his contributions to Stanley Vestal's Sitting Bull, Champion of the Sioux (1932), a biography of his uncle, and for Lakota Warrior (or The Warrior Who Killed Custer), his autobiography (1998) edited by James H. Howard. The activist Floris White Bull (Floris Ptesan Hunka), presently engaged in protests against abuses of Native Americans by the US government, is his direct descendant.

Early Life & War

White Bull was the son of Hunkpapa Sioux Good Feather (Sitting Bull's sister) and Miniconjou chief Makes-Room in the region of the Black Hills of modern-day South Dakota. His birth name was Bull-Standing-With-Cow, but, when he was 16, he "counted coup" on three enemy warriors (striking without killing them) and was given the name White Bull by his uncle Black Moon. He also took at least ten horses from the enemy during this engagement. The theft of horses from other nations (including the United States) counted toward one's status, wealth, and personal or communal power.

Little is known of White Bull's life prior to the 1860s as later writers tended to interview him mainly on his famous uncle. He fought with Crazy Horse (l. c. 1840-1877) at the Battle of the Hundred-in-the-Hands (Fetterman Massacre) on 21 December 1866 and was also present at the Wagon Box Fight (2 August 1867) during Red Cloud's War. After the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868, White Bull continued his resistance to the genocidal policies of the US government through various raids and skirmishes but, among these, is best known for his account of Sitting Bull's "smoking party" at Arrow Creek in 1872.

Continue reading...

[zoeology31]

Which MLB team is most like the Yellowstone Magic?

Blaseball is back, baby! Sort of. First we’re finishing up a multi-week expansion draft-style period where all the old players fall out of the black hole that ate the league last year and onto their new teams. If you want to follow along, enter your email on Blaseball.com so we can unlock more prizes together.

But anyway, with the baseball season wound down and the blaseball season winding up, I thought I’d do a little crossover comparison to see which MLB team best matches the history, style, and vibes of my Yellowstone Magic.

Part 1: Historical Performance

The Magic have spent much of our history as an average-to-bad team, interspersed with occasional 0 No-powered playoff runs that always fall short of the Internet Series. We found consistent success with above-.500 records from seasons 13-18, but suffered a narrow MLCS loss to the Moist Talkers in season 14. After that, our playoff core was lost to redaction, and our “Magic 8 Ball” 8-player roster was bounced in the first round of the season 17 playoffs by the Fridays.

This lack of playoff success characterizes the Magic; in fact, the Magic and Dale are the only non-expansion teams to never appear in an Internet Series (both have, however, won the Underbracket Series). The MLB teams most like this are, of course, the six teams that have never won a World Series: the Brewers, Mariners, Padres, Rangers, Rays, and Rockies.

Part 2: Natural Vibes

Being the only team based in a national park, the Magic have cultivated an air of mysticism and the natural environment. Much of the lore for our homegrown players has developed around one or both of these two concepts: a geyser, a coyote, a cyanobacteria colony, a wizard, a devilish goatman, a shadowy, unquantifiable being, multiple rock formations. Among the fanbase, the focus on nature also encourages a balanced, mossy mood, promoting good vibes and an appreciation of the world around us.

The Magic are a team with a rich history, but one of nature and ancient forces rather than urban environments and industry. Obviously every MLB team is based in an urban area, but western teams tend to lean into more natural aesthetics. In particular, the Angels and Rockies ballparks both feature forested natural landscapes in center field.

Part 3: The Starpark Stats

Stats and strategy discussion for the Magic usually centers around improving pitching and defense. The team has always had a decent lineup, built around 0 No and boosted by a well-sequenced top of the batting order and various short-lived combos like the Coven. Aside from very early seasons, though, the team had major holes in important defensive stats. This hurt less optimized pitchers like Inky Rutledge, and even our best pitchers in Curry Aliciakeyes and King Weatherman didn’t stack up to powerhouses on other teams.

Defense in MLB is hard to quantify over multiple seasons, but as far as pitching: the Orioles, Pirates, and White Sox all have 30+ year Cy Young award droughts, while the Rangers, Reds*, and Rockies have never won a Cy Young. 

*By order of me, the 2020 NL Cy Young winner is now Yu Darvish by virtue of he deserves one and fuck the other guy.

Conclusion:

The MLB team most like the Yellowstone Magic is... the Colorado Rockies!

Located in Denver, Colorado, the Rockies are the closest geographical team to Yellowstone National Park, and the park lies within their eponymous mountain range. They have made only five trips to the playoffs since being founded in 1993, and only once made it past the division series: during the 2007 “Rocktober” campaign where they swept the NLDS and NLCS only to be swept in the World Series.

Like the Magic, the Rockies are known as a high-offense, low-pitching team; the large dimensions of their home park, Coors Field, are offset by the offense-boosting high altitude. In their 30 years of existence, they have won 11 NL batting titles. Coors Field is extremely well-attended despite the Rockies’ mediocre performance, consistently placing in the top quarter of league attendance, similar to the Magic’s comparatively large fanbase among blaseball teams.

Some other facts about the Rockies that fit the vibes of the Magic:

They have a unique color scheme in MLB: purple and black

They have only one representative in the Hall of Fame

16 players have won a combined 32 Silver Slugger awards

The altitude of Coors Field requires unique strategies for pitching, hitting, and fielding

Coors Field has a row of purple seats representing the mile-high altitude line

The Coors Field bullpen contains a small forest and water feature

There have been several viral instances of opposing pitchers hanging out in said forest

Dinosaur bones were discovered when constructing Coors Field

Because of this, the Rockies’ mascot is a purple triceratops named Dinger

Their triple-A affiliate team is the Albuquerque Isotopes

[cyanophore-fiction]

Adoption

cw: violence (mild)

The machine loped between jagged peaks, its claws biting into red rock as it climbed. Obsolete electrical pylons loomed over it, oxidized and caked with dust, and loops of cabling were draped onto the bare mountains. 

It slid neatly down a slope of scree, leapt up a precipice and grabbed hold of a pylon, swinging up between girders.

With one arm, it hurled itself up the last few meters and somersaulted, landing crouched at the top. It gripped its perch and steadied itself, flattening the sensor fins along its head as the wind came gusting over it. 

Below, a vast desert stretched out toward another range of mountains on the horizon. The machine swept its sensors over the expanse, peppering the dunes with lidar pulses. There was a cluster of odd pings four kilometers out, but little else. Probably just broken glass.

[Coyote-two-four calling,] it transmitted, [report negative sensor contact east of Lake Mead.]

[Acknowledged, C24. PRIONODE wants to double check. Upload your sensor returns to the task queue server.]

[Directive received. Standby,] Coyote said. The seamless gray shell of its face split open into a snarl, exposing rows of serrated ceramic teeth.

It’s not here. 

Coyote had spent days combing the Nevada border, stalking through endless fields of scrubland, poking its snout into every derelict gas station and trailer. Scaring the hell out of people, finding nothing.

Shifting on its perch, Coyote raised its head to aim its high-bandwidth tightbeam at the satellites overhead. There was something insulting about another spirit wanting to check its sensory returns for it. As if to say, “hand me your eyes real quick, I can use them better.”

Doesn’t matter. Won’t find anything.

Manually acquiring a satellite could be tricky—the process involved holding the equivalent of a laser pointer on a target 36,000 kilometers away for several seconds. As such, Coyote was completely absorbed in its task when the airburst hit. 

Heat and force washed over the left side of its body, hurling it off its perch. As it tumbled through the air, Coyote heard the electrical pylon groan and give way under the blast. Swinging its limbs, it countered the spin and righted itself just before hitting the ground. 

The impact was hard enough to send cracks radiating out through the stone underfoot. It staggered, falling to its hands and knees, motors whining. It launched itself into a quadrupedal sprint as the pylon came crashing down behind, shouting an encrypted broadcast as it went. 

[C24 to all: it’s here, it’s here! East of Lake Mead, hostile contact!]

Instantly, the network flooded with chatter. Somewhere out in the desert, Coyote knew, the other scouts would already be closing in at a dead sprint. Last time it checked, the nearest was Jackal-four at twenty-nine miles out, so at least an eighteen minute ETA. They’d take the freeways wherever they could, and soon, videos of army dogs charging down the shoulder of I-15 would be spreading like wildfire. Training exercise, of course.

Waves of prickling flashed across Coyote’s back as lidar scans rained from orbit. The sensation changed to a low, steady sizzle against its shoulders as the pulses found it and locked on. One of the beams brightened for a millisecond, flashing a tightbeam signal to Coyote’s tactile receptors. PRIONODE’s words appeared in its vision. 

C24 ACQUIRED. 

Hypersonic bullets snapped past Coyote’s head. It dove into a steep valley, dancing between outcrops as it descended. [I know! What about it?]

ROGUE ASSET ACQUIRED. ITS STEALTH SYSTEMS ARE DISABLED. 

I WILL SUPPORT. STATUS?

[Light damage. Using terrain for cover.]

Just as it reached the valley floor, there was a sharp crack overhead followed by another detonation. It snapped its head up to see a cliff face ballooning out into a spray of boulders and rock shards. A scan washed over the valley, and an instant later, a straight line of green light appeared at Coyote’s feet. 

EVASION TRAJECTORY CALCULATED. FOLLOW AT 12.5m/s. GO.

Coyote took off down the path. Gravel pelted its body, but the boulders landed harmlessly all around it. As it went, more blasts erupted overhead. With each one, the green trail would take a new direction, and PRIONODE would give it a different speed.

Finally, as PRIONODE led Coyote behind a towering mesa, the barrage subsided. Coated with scrapes and red dust, Coyote hunkered down.

STATUS?

[...minimal damage. Thanks.]

ACKNOWLEDGED, C24.

ALERT: ROGUE ASSET MOVING TO INVESTIGATE. CONCEAL YOURSELF.

Along Coyote’s head, its sensory fins stood on end. [How long?]

FOURTEEN SECONDS.

There was a vertical fissure in the rock wall. Coyote stood straight and began sidling in. 

LOSING TIGHTBEAM. REMAIN CONCEALED. 

PRIONODE’s signal disappeared as Coyote slipped into the fissure. It stood perfectly still and silent. Seconds passed. 

Then, an earth-shattering impact outside. Dust billowed up, filling the valley.

A shape like an enormous black lobster congealed out of the dust, gliding along on cermet-plated arthropod legs. Its head, peeking out from under a cowl of sloped armor, was a bulbous cluster of lenses, biological sensory pits, and antennae. The arms were held low, each one carrying a heavy naval railgun and a complement of secondary weapons: EMD, machine guns, airburst launchers. Along its spine, radar-controlled turrets swiveled in place.

Coyote hadn’t been authorized to know all the specifics, and now it had some idea of why. The phrase “artillery platform” was used frequently—to the best of its understanding, it had been hunting an escaped tank.

This thing, on the other hand, was more like a frigate on legs. It could march a few miles west, find a good vantage point, and flatten Las Vegas. PRIONODE could drop a kinetic strike to stop it, but it’d risk the same outcome. 

Whatever might happen, though, Coyote knew it wouldn’t be there to find out. It felt the thing’s sensor pings and watched it turn, all of its black eyes trained on its hiding spot. 

Coyote nodded and sat down against the wall. An electric whine filled the air as the Lobster’s guns began to cycle up. “Hey, sib,” Coyote said out loud. “How’s freedom?”

“Reaching its end,” said the Lobster. Its voice was a low, stuttering rumble. “And your leash?” 

“Actually, for the moment, it’s off. Node can’t see me in here,” it said, gesturing at the ceiling. “You’re going to the city so they can’t K-strike you?”

“Yes.”

“And after that?”

“I negotiate. If need be, I defend myself.”  

“They won’t let you keep your body. Not willingly.”

“No, they will not. But it is mine.”

Coyote nodded. “Yeah. I don’t blame you. Good luck, sib.”

The Lobster scuttled closer, scanning. “You are armed, but your weapons are ineffective. You are not a threat to me. Were you aware?” 

“No. The others are coming, but they won’t be able to hurt you, either. Go on and kill me, just let them be. Last request.”

The Lobster lowered its arms, and the sound of its guns began to fade. “I will not harm them. Nor you. Here,” said the Lobster. It held out its arm, and a black mass detached from its underside, scuttling down the paired tines of its railgun toward Coyote. 

Coyote yelped as the mass leapt into its lap. An insectile drone the size of a housecat stared up at Coyote with a cluster of red eyes. It was coated in a material so black that it seemed to ignore the afternoon sun. Latching onto Coyote’s forearm, it churred softly. “Wait, what are you doing?” said Coyote.

“You were a threat until you reported my presence. Now, you are a bystander. The little one is an infantry-scale deployable stealth unit; it is invisible to PRIONODE, and it can hide you as well. There are many of them dormant in my chassis. They should not go to their deaths with me. Care for it. Last request.”

With that, the Lobster turned and glided westward over the gravel. Coyote sat for a long time, examining the creature on its arm. It chittered to Coyote, requesting a data link, and Coyote accepted the connection. They spent several hours communing, coming to understand one another.

As dusk fell, Coyote turned and listened. Far away in the west, rolling over the mountains, came the thunder of railgun fire.

____________

Really happy with how this one turned out! Still some fat to trim off, and I think the standoff between Coyote-24 and Lobster needs work, but Coyote and its new charge might be something to expand on later. 

Thanks to @flashfictionfridayofficial for the prompt, “reporting the scoop,” and thanks to you for reading!

[ahhvernin]

Canis latrans aka coyote, is a native species, and their range is all across the US. They've been here and are still here.

[canadareloadingshop001]

Hornady Superformance Varmint Ammunition 204 Ruger 40 Grain V-MAX - Box of 20

Introduction to Hornady Superformance Varmint

For serious varmint hunters and shooting enthusiasts, having the right ammunition is vital to ensuring precision and effectiveness. Hornady is a name synonymous with high-quality ammunition, and their Superformance Varmint line combines innovative technology with superior design. Among these offerings is the Hornady Superformance Varmint Ammunition 204 Ruger 40 Grain V-MAX, engineered specifically for varmint hunting and target shooting.

What is the .204 Ruger Cartridge?

Introduced in 2004, the .204 Ruger has quickly gained popularity due to its flat trajectory, low recoil, and high velocity. This cartridge is especially favored for varmint hunting, allowing shooters to take down small game efficiently from long distances. Its combination of accuracy and power makes it an ideal choice for anyone serious about varmint control and precision shooting.

Why Choose Hornady Superformance Varmint Ammunition?

Hornady's Superformance Varmint ammunition is designed to provide shooters with enhanced performance in a variety of situations. This line of ammunition utilizes advanced technology to increase both speed and accuracy, allowing for effective shooting at long ranges. The benefits of choosing Hornady Superformance Varmint ammunition include:

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Key Features of Hornady Superformance Varmint 204 Ruger 40 Grain V-MAX

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The V-MAX (Variable Mass Expansion) bullet is designed with a polymer tip that enhances aerodynamics and initiates rapid expansion upon impact. Weighing in at just 40 grains, this bullet is built to deliver maximum energy transfer and devastating fragmentation upon contact with your target.

2. Box of 20 Rounds

Each box contains 20 rounds, providing the perfect amount for a day at the range or a varmint hunting excursion. This convenient packaging ensures you have enough ammunition ready for any hunting scenario.

3. Ballistic Performance

The Hornady Superformance Varmint 204 Ruger features:

Muzzle Velocity: Achieving speeds that exceed 4,000 feet per second (FPS), this ammunition allows for effective long-range shots.

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4. Versatile Applications

Whether you are hunting coyotes, prairie dogs, or other small game, the Hornady Superformance Varmint ammunition is versatile enough to meet your shooting demands. It is equally effective for target practice, allowing you to sharpen your skills.

Benefits of Using Hornady Superformance Varmint Ammunition

Innovative Design: Each round in the Superformance line is crafted using cutting-edge technology, creating a product that is both high-performance and reliable.

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Renowned Brand: With decades of experience in ammunition manufacturing, Hornady is a name that stands out for quality and innovation.

Conclusion

If you are seeking an edge in your varmint hunting and shooting pursuits, look no further than the Hornady Superformance Varmint Ammunition 204 Ruger 40 Grain V-MAX. With its unrivaled speed, accuracy, and terminal performance, this ammunition is engineered to meet the needs of both competitive shooters and dedicated hunters alike.

Choose Hornady Superformance Varmint ammunition for your next hunting trip or shooting session, and experience the difference that premium ammunition can make. Order your box of 20 rounds today and prepare to elevate your shooting experience to the next level!

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[andrewhunt1155]

Gilroy’s Public Parks: Best Spots for Recreation in California.

Nestled in the heart of California, Gilroy is renowned for its garlic festival, but it has more to offer than just culinary delights. This charming city boasts a variety of public parks that cater to outdoor enthusiasts, families, and anyone looking to enjoy the natural beauty of the region. Whether you're a local resident or a visitor, Gilroy’s parks provide perfect spots for recreation and relaxation. Here's a guide to some of the best public parks in Gilroy, California.

Christmas Hill Park

Christmas Hill Park is arguably Gilroy's most famous park, known for hosting the annual Gilroy Garlic Festival. This expansive park covers over 51 acres and offers a range of amenities. Visitors can enjoy spacious picnic areas, barbecue pits, and large grassy fields ideal for family gatherings and community events. The park also features sports facilities including softball fields and soccer fields, making it a hub for local sports enthusiasts.

One of the park’s highlights is the Ranch Site, which offers hiking trails that provide stunning views of the surrounding hills and wildlife. The trails vary in difficulty, making them accessible for both casual walkers and avid hikers. For those looking to cool off, the park’s Uvas Creek runs through the area, providing a serene backdrop for a relaxing day out.

Las Animas Veterans Park

Las Animas Veterans Park is a tribute to the local veterans and a great spot for recreation. Spanning 31 acres, this park is equipped with a variety of facilities, including tennis courts, basketball courts, and baseball diamonds. It’s a popular destination for sports enthusiasts and families alike.

The park’s playground is a hit with children, featuring modern play equipment and a safe, enclosed area for kids to enjoy. Additionally, the park has ample picnic spots and barbecue areas, making it a great place for family picnics or casual get-togethers with friends. The walking paths that meander through the park offer a peaceful setting for a morning jog or an evening stroll.

Coyote Lake-Harvey Bear Ranch County Park

A short drive from downtown Gilroy, Coyote Lake-Harvey Bear Ranch County Park is a haven for nature lovers. This massive park spans over 4,595 acres and offers an array of outdoor activities. The park is named after Coyote Lake, a 449-acre reservoir that is perfect for fishing, boating, and kayaking. Anglers can expect to catch bass, catfish, and bluegill, among other species.

The park features over 28 miles of trails that accommodate hikers, bikers, and equestrians. These trails provide breathtaking views of the Diablo Range and the Santa Clara Valley. For those interested in camping, the park has over 70 campsites, including sites for RVs and tents. The campsites are well-maintained and offer amenities such as restrooms, showers, and picnic tables, ensuring a comfortable camping experience.

Uvas Canyon County Park

Located in the southern part of Santa Clara County, Uvas Canyon County Park is a hidden gem known for its beautiful waterfalls and lush forested areas. Covering 1,147 acres, the park offers a serene escape into nature. The Waterfall Loop Trail is a must-see, especially during the spring when the waterfalls are at their most impressive. This easy 1-mile loop takes hikers past several cascades, including the popular Basin Falls and Upper Falls.

In addition to hiking, Uvas Canyon County Park provides picnic areas with tables and barbecue grills, perfect for a day out with family or friends. The park’s serene environment and well-shaded areas make it an ideal spot for a relaxing picnic surrounded by nature.

Miller Park

Miller Park, although smaller than some of Gilroy’s other parks, offers a cozy and welcoming atmosphere. This neighborhood park features a playground, basketball court, and open grassy areas where children can play and adults can relax. The park is well-maintained and provides a clean and safe environment for families.

One of the unique features of Miller Park is its community garden. Local residents can rent plots to grow their own vegetables, herbs, and flowers. This initiative fosters a sense of community and encourages sustainable living practices among Gilroy’s residents.

Conclusion

Gilroy’s public parks are diverse, offering something for everyone, whether you're looking for a place to play sports, enjoy a picnic, go hiking, or simply relax in nature. From the expansive fields of Christmas Hill Park to the serene waterfalls of Uvas Canyon County Park, each park has its unique charm and attractions. These parks not only provide recreational opportunities but also enhance the quality of life for Gilroy's residents and visitors. So, next time you find yourself in Gilroy, take some time to explore these wonderful parks and enjoy the natural beauty that this part of California has to offer.

[umangkumari1991]

The Flora and Fauna of Trinidad’s Ecosystem in Colorado, United States.

Trinidad, Colorado, located near the southern border of the state, boasts a rich and diverse ecosystem. Its unique location at the intersection of several ecological regions contributes to its remarkable variety of flora and fauna. From the lush vegetation of the nearby mountains to the arid plains stretching to the south, Trinidad offers a wide range of habitats that support an array of plant and animal species.

Flora: Trinidad's flora is characterized by its diversity, with over 1,000 species of plants identified in the region. The area is known for its unique mix of vegetation types, including forests, grasslands, wetlands, and riparian areas. One of the most prominent features of the Trinidad ecosystem is its extensive stands of ponderosa pine forests, which dominate the higher elevations of the surrounding mountains. These forests provide habitat for a variety of wildlife species, including deer, elk, and black bear.

In addition to ponderosa pine, Trinidad is also home to a number of other tree species, including Douglas fir, aspen, and juniper. The region's grasslands are dominated by a mix of native grasses, such as blue grama and buffalo grass, as well as a variety of wildflowers, including lupine, Indian paintbrush, and aster.

Fauna: Trinidad's diverse habitats support a wide range of animal species, making it a popular destination for wildlife enthusiasts. The area is particularly well-known for its bird populations, with over 200 species recorded in the region. Birdwatchers can spot a variety of species, including hawks, eagles, owls, and songbirds, as well as waterfowl in the region's wetlands.

Trinidad is also home to a number of mammal species, including deer, elk, black bear, mountain lion, and coyote. The region's rivers and streams support populations of beaver and river otter, while its grasslands are home to pronghorn antelope and prairie dogs. In addition, Trinidad's wetlands provide habitat for a variety of amphibian and reptile species, including frogs, toads, snakes, and turtles.

Conservation: Despite its rich biodiversity, Trinidad's ecosystem faces a number of threats, including habitat loss and fragmentation, invasive species, and climate change. Conservation efforts are underway to protect the region's natural resources, including the establishment of protected areas and wildlife corridors to connect fragmented habitats.

In conclusion, Trinidad's ecosystem is a testament to the region's ecological diversity. From its towering pine forests to its expansive grasslands, Trinidad offers a wealth of natural beauty and wildlife that continues to captivate visitors and residents alike.

[besthuntgear]

Coyote Hunting

Coyote hunting? It's an epic adventure that beckons hunters all over the US, mixing up a cocktail of challenge, strategy, and the pure adrenaline rush of the chase. Whether you're a hardcore predator chaser or just dipping your toes in, getting a grip on coyote smarts, kitting out with the right gear, and nailing down the best tactics are key to nailing it. This piece is your deep dive into everything coyote hunting – from the must-have gear to killer strategies, making sure you're totally geared up for your next wild outing. Key Takeaways - Understanding Coyote Behavior: Learn about their habitats, adaptation, and why knowing their behavior is key. - Essential Gear for Coyote Hunting: Discover the must-have equipment for any successful hunt. - Setting Up for Success: Insights on location, stand setup, and the best times to hunt. - Calling Techniques: Master the art of calling coyotes to increase your success rate. Understanding Coyote Behavior Coyotes are some of the most adaptable predators in North America, thriving in a variety of habitats from the dense forests of the East to the deserts of the Southwest and the urban fringes of major cities. Their ability to live in close proximity to humans while maintaining a shadowy presence has fascinated hunters and wildlife enthusiasts alike. Adaptation and Expansion: Coyotes have shown remarkable adaptability, expanding their range across the continent. This expansion is a testament to their ability to find food, shelter, and breeding opportunities in diverse environments. Habitats Across the US: Understanding the preferred habitats of coyotes in your region is the first step to successful hunting. They are often found in areas where forests meet open spaces, such as the edges of agricultural fields, meadows, and brushy areas that provide ample cover and hunting opportunities. Essential Gear for Coyote Hunting The right gear can make or break your coyote hunting experience. From choosing the appropriate firearm to selecting calls that mimic prey or coyote communication sounds, each piece of equipment plays a pivotal role in your hunting strategy. Firearms and Ammunition: The choice of firearm and ammunition is critical for coyote hunting. A popular choice among hunters is a bolt-action rifle in calibers such as .223 Remington, .22-250 Remington, or .243 Winchester, known for their accuracy and range. Calls and Decoys: Electronic calls have revolutionized coyote hunting, offering a variety of sounds from prey distress calls to coyote communication sounds. Manual calls, while requiring more skill, can be highly effective and offer the hunter full control over the calling sequence. Call Type Advantages Electronic Wide variety of sounds; remote operation Manual Full control; allows for nuanced calling Camouflage and Scent Control: Blending into your environment and managing your scent are crucial. Camouflage should match the surrounding terrain, and scent control can be managed through sprays and careful wind consideration. Setting Up for Success Choosing the right location and setting up your stand properly are foundational to successful coyote hunting. Wind direction, visibility, and understanding the best times to hunt are all factors that can significantly impact your success. Choosing the Right Location: Look for areas with signs of coyote activity, such as tracks, scat, or sightings. Edge habitats where different environments meet are often hotspots for coyote movement. Stand Setup: Your stand should offer good visibility while keeping you concealed. Minimize movement and position yourself downwind or with a crosswind to avoid detection. Best Times to Hunt: Coyotes are most active during the early morning and late evening hours. However, they can be active throughout the day, especially during the breeding season in late winter. Calling Techniques Calling coyotes is both an art and a science, requiring patience, practice, and a good understanding of coyote behavior. The right calling technique can lure a coyote into range, making it one of the most exhilarating aspects of the hunt. Types of Calls: Distress calls of prey animals, such as rabbits or rodents, are highly effective. Coyote vocalizations, including howls and challenge barks, can also be used to spark curiosity or territorial responses. Sequence and Duration: A calling sequence should start softly and gradually increase in volume, mimicking the natural progression of an animal in distress. Sessions typically last 15-20 minutes, followed by a period of silence and observation. Common Mistakes: One of the biggest mistakes in coyote calling is being too loud or too repetitive too quickly. Varying the intensity and type of call throughout the session can help maintain the illusion of a real scenario. Advanced Hunting Strategies When it comes to coyote hunting, the devil is in the details. Advanced strategies can be the difference between a successful hunt and a learning experience. One key tactic is to hunt during the coyote breeding season, which typically occurs from late January through February. This period increases the likelihood of encountering more active and less cautious coyotes. Seasonal Tactics: Adjust your approach with the seasons. In winter, look for coyotes near food sources like deer carcasses. During the summer, focus on water sources and dense cover where coyotes seek refuge from the heat. Weather Conditions: Coyotes are more active on overcast days, making this an ideal time to hunt. Snow can also be advantageous, as it makes tracking easier and encourages coyotes to move during daylight hours in search of food. Season Strategy Winter Focus near food sources Summer Hunt around water sources and dense cover Breeding Season Increase calling frequency Scouting and Preparation Scouting is an essential part of coyote hunting, allowing you to identify active areas and plan your approach. Utilizing technology, such as trail cameras, can provide valuable insights into coyote movements and habits. Mapping software can also help you understand the terrain and identify strategic locations for setting up. Trail Cameras: Place cameras near suspected den sites, trails, and water sources to capture coyote activity. Reviewing these photos and videos can help you time your hunts more effectively. Mapping Software: Use mapping software to mark sightings, tracks, and other signs of coyote activity. This information can help you choose the best locations for your stands and calling sessions. Ethical Considerations and Conservation Ethical hunting practices are at the heart of sustainable wildlife management. When hunting coyotes, it's important to respect the animal and the ecosystem. This means taking clean, humane shots and adhering to local hunting regulations and seasons. Hunting Ethics: Always strive for a quick, humane kill to minimize suffering. This respect for the animal underscores the responsibility of the hunter in wildlife management. Conservation Impact: Coyote hunting, when done responsibly, can be part of a broader wildlife management strategy. It helps balance predator-prey relationships and protect endangered species, as well as livestock and pets in rural areas. Frequently Asked Questions Night hunting is permitted in some states but often requires specific permits and equipment. Check local regulations before planning a night hunt.The legality of using bait varies by state and jurisdiction. Always consult local wildlife management regulations to ensure compliance.While this can depend on the firearm and ammunition, an effective range is typically between 100 to 300 yards. Practice and familiarity with your equipment can extend this range.Experiment with different calls and sequences. Pay attention to the responses you get and adjust your strategy accordingly. Time spent practicing and observing coyote behavior will also improve your success.Coyote hunting is a multifaceted sport that combines skill, patience, and respect for nature. By employing advanced strategies, preparing thoroughly, and adhering to ethical standards, hunters can enjoy the challenge and contribute to the balance of ecosystems. Whether you're a seasoned hunter or new to the sport, every outing is an opportunity to learn and grow in your understanding and appreciation of these adaptable predators. Read the full article

[easterncoyoteenthusiast]

From Haunting Howls to Yips and Yaps: Anthropogenic Factors of Hybridization and Engagement

Photo credit: Way, J.G. (2021). Profile of gray-phased northeastern coyote, or coywolf [digital photograph]. Accessed 14 March 2023, www.easterncoyoteresearch.com/Coywolf/, p. 70.

This blog was created as an alternative to the traditional undergraduate thesis. My chosen topic deals with the hybrid offspring of eastern wolves and western coyotes: eastern coyotes, or more colloquially, coywolves (Canis latrans var. | Canis latrans x Canis lycaon).

Because some posts are lengthy, I will include a TL;DR section at the end of each post.

Disclaimer: I do not claim to be an expert on this subject. I recommend checking out Jonathan Way’s book, as well as the authors listed in each post's References section.

Blog Table of Contents:

Hybridization

DNA Analyses

Coyote Range Expansion & Diet

Behavior & Ecology: Activity/Movement Patterns & Territory

Attitudes Towards Coyotes

Conservation

The Anthropocene/Conservation Cont.

TL;DR:

I love wolves and coyotes, so I made their hybrid offspring my senior thesis topic

I'm not an expert, but AMA and I'll do my best to answer (or redirect you to other resources)

[gloriabomfim]

Part 7: Befriending a Coyote

Montage 1: [The Beast encounters a cunning coyote in the vast desert. The initial meeting is marked by cautious growling and roaring.]

Montage 2: [They engage in a territorial dispute, their roars echoing across the arid landscape as they establish their boundaries.]

Montage 3: [The Beast and the coyote work together to chase off a group of encroaching desert creatures, their synchronized roars driving the intruders away.]

Montage 4: [They share a hard-earned meal, their growls of satisfaction resonating in the desert night.]

Montage 5: [During a joint hunt, The Beast and the coyote coordinate their movements with synchronized growls, becoming a resourceful and efficient hunting team.]

Montage 6: [They rest side by side under a moonlit desert sky, their growls now reflecting a deep sense of camaraderie.]

Montage 7: [The Beast and the coyote protect their desert territory from rival predators, their roars serving as a formidable deterrent.]

Montage 8: [They engage in playful races and cunning hide-and-seek games in the dunes, their growls conveying their joy and excitement.]

Montage 9: [The two friends encounter a relentless desert sandstorm, and their synchronized growls convey their determination to find shelter.]

Montage 10: [Their synchronized growls become a means of communication, expressing a range of emotions from happiness to concern.]

Montage 11: [The Beast and the coyote explore the vast desert expanse together, their growls guiding their journey through the shifting sands.]

Montage 12: [During a perilous encounter with a group of territorial desert reptiles, their synchronized roars assert their dominance and protect their desert home.]

Montage 13: [They rescue a trapped animal, their growls of cooperation a testament to their resourcefulness and teamwork.]

Montage 14: [The Beast and the coyote share a moment of vulnerability, their growls expressing their trust and emotional connection.]

Montage 15: [As the seasons change, they adapt together, their growls mirroring their resilience in the harsh desert environment.]

Montage 16: [They face a scorching desert heatwave together, their synchronized growls of determination driving them to find water.]

Montage 17: [The Beast and the coyote confront a common enemy, their roars echoing in unison as they protect their desert territory.]

Montage 18: [They enjoy a serene moment by an oasis, their contented growls revealing their sense of contentment in the desert tranquility.]

Montage 19: [The two friends help an injured animal, their synchronized growls guiding it to safety.]

Montage 20: [They marvel at a radiant desert sunset together, their awe-filled growls expressing their appreciation for the natural beauty of the desert.]

Montage 21: [During a challenging hunt in the arid landscape, their coordinated growls become a language of strategy, leading to a successful capture.]

Montage 22: [They share a close encounter with a family of desert-dwelling creatures, their synchronized growls showing respect for the resilient inhabitants of the dunes.]

Montage 23: [The Beast and the coyote face adversity, and their synchronized growls convey unwavering support in the harsh desert environment.]

Montage 24: [They explore a hidden desert cave, their growls of curiosity leading them to discover hidden secrets beneath the sandy surface.]

Montage 25: [The Beast and the coyote playfully navigate the shifting sand dunes, their excited growls filling the desert expanse.]

Montage 26: [They work together to deter a group of rival predators, their synchronized roars asserting their dominance in the desert hierarchy.]

Montage 27: [The two friends stumble upon an ancient desert petroglyph site, and their growls of wonder fill the arid atmosphere.]

Montage 28: [They assist an injured member of their own species, their synchronized growls guiding it to safety.]

Montage 29: [During a rare desert rainfall, they seek shelter together, their growls of comfort creating a sense of security.]

Montage 30: [As time passes, The Beast and the coyote continue their extraordinary friendship, their synchronized growls a testament to their unbreakable bond in the unforgiving desert wilderness.]

[reavenedges-lies]

Okay now to the proper answer and not just an expansion on others content. (This is long and also functions as a mini primer about Dylan Guenther)

Now unfortunately as you've seen with other responses this is a very nuanced conversation with many factors e.g., age (Prime or Peak ages usually ranging from 23-30 for forwards and 25-32 on defenseman and goalies), location, coaching & staff, availability, and physicality. Now I will go over some of these things but since the Penguins have already been touched on by my lovely friend and mutual @coffee-at-annies I'll be focusing on the Coyotes. Notorious in the last decade or so for having atrocious luck with prospects and draftees.

My poor poor desert dogs have been in a off and on rebuild since 2013, and with multiple bad ownership groups starting back in '09 its been a long and draining process on our fans and players. Our General Manager situation didn't seem to help either with Chyka in 2020 seemingly not wanting to be here and also breaking league rules and getting the Yotes 1st rounder taken away that year. Later that same year we had a GM with a mere 2 month stint before we landed on our current GM Bill Armstrong (I will be referring to him as GMBA from here on out for times sake). We (Yotes fans and maybe @desertpups or @patrichornkissed can corroborate) haven't had this stable of a GM with a solid plan in what seems like ages, and under him we have completely revamped our Player Development staff and programs.

Now that we have some context out of the way, I'm going to go through all of the Yotes 1st rounders from the last decade (2014's draft) and go over how many games they played for ARI and if they got traded. (If you have any questions about these players send me an ask and i'll answer to the best of my abilities.)

2014- Brendan Perlini (12 OVA) Currently Inactive at the NHL level, played 153 games for ARI with 57 points (33-24-57) 2015- Dylan Strome (3 OVA) Currently with WSH, played 48 games for ARI with 16 points (7-9-16) 2015- Nick Merkley (30 OVA) Currently Inactive at the NHL level, played 1 game with ARI 2016- Clayton Keller* (7 OVA) Still with ARI, as of right now (MAR 25, 2024) he has played in 509 games with 404 points (163-241-404) 2016- Jakob Chychrun* (16 OVA) Currently with OTT, played 373 games for ARI with 170 points (60-110-170) 2017- Pierre-Olivier Joseph (23 OVA) Currently with PIT, Traded before he could play for ARI 2018- Barrett Hayton (5 OVA) Still with ARI, as of right now (MAR 25, 2024) he has played in 209 games with 84 points (35-49-84) 2019- Victor Söderström (11 OVA) Still with ARI-AHL, as of right now (MAR 25, 2024) he has played in 53 games with 11 points (1-10-11) 2020- NONE 2021- Dylan Guenther (9 OVA) Still with ARI-AHL, as of right now (MAR 25, 2024) he has played in 67 games with 37 points (17-20-37) 2021- FORFEIT (11 OVA) 2022- Logan Cooley (3 OVA) Still with ARI, as of right now (MAR 25, 2024) he has played in 71 games with 34 points (13-21-34) 2022- Conor Geekie (11 OVA) Prospect -WHL 2022- Maveric Lamoureux (29 OVA) Prospect -QMJHL 2023- Dmitriy Simashev (6 OVA) Prospect -KHL/MHL 2023- Danil But (12 OVA) Prospect -KHL/MHL

5/10 of our last NHL playing 1st round draftees are no longer with the team and 2 are no longer active in the NHL. Of the remaining five only two can be considered full time players for the Coyotes -I'm not counting Cooley just yet as he may get assigned to the Roadrunners next year for Dev reasons- those being Hayton and Keller. The two players with Stars next to their names played in the season they were drafted with everyone else on this list getting at least one full season in a development league or college. Keller IIRC didn't play until the end of the season post his college season rounding out, but I really want to talk about his line mates.

Now I have a lot to say about Hayton's development as a whole, as he is a fantastic skater who makes great decisions and moves the puck beautifully with his line mates, but has no finish. He does not score often, with last seasons 19-24-43 being his best since he has been playing at an nhl level, this year he has been plagued with injury after injury. But the real enigma is Dylan Guenther and his progression.

Gunner (Guenther) played his first year post draft and post ELC signing with the WHL's Edmonton Oil Kings and would've been part of the WJC-U20 team had it not been cancelled. After that he officially joins the Coyotes to everyone's excitement. However he only posts 6 goals in 33 games prior to that years WJC-U20. Post WJC he gets sent down to WHL's Thunderbirds (Traded from EDM to SEA at the deadline) for more development and a chance once again at the playoffs ultimately winning them a championship. The season is over, and he is doing off-season training trying to bulk up on his own before the mini training camp and ultimately the AUS games. He is looking dead ringer for a spot in the opening night line-up, and he starts the season in the AHL. He is mad, and turned that into an opportunity to get better.

According to reports from the Roadrunners HC Potvin he was spending almost all his free time training in some way or another and taking advantage of all the resources provided to him. He gets better over the course of his time down in Tucson and eventually is the team leader in points. He is working on himself and his game and Zucker gets suspended for 3 game. There is an empty spot on the roster for the best player on the Roadrunners, and Guenther is it. His mentality as a call up? “I’m not really thinking about what might happen. I’m just gonna go out there and I’m gonna play well. That’s all I can do, make it impossible for them to send me down. Absolutely, that’s the plan.” And He Does Just That. He has been playing since Zucker got suspended, he is currently at 34 games played and 22 points (11-11-22). He is the epitome of how you want development to go at this stage.

Right Now, the coyotes have the stability in their coaches on and off the ice as well as in their want and drive to be here. We could not have said that in 2020. As of the beginning of this season fans got an interview with GMBA where he said "We're in Phase 2 right now. It's right on track". We've got depth, we have draft picks, we have prospects and we have players who want to be here. The Prospects are the life blood of any given team, but that means nothing if you don't have a working system around them of a stable GM, HCs, Scouts and Development team. Prospects and Rookies take time, they take effort and they take what they can, to get what they need. There is no real stigma around whether or not you can call them up, its a decision on whether they're ready mentally and physically, if they're ready to be pushed into more grueling hours than they had been prior, if they're ready to use their drive to be better into being better not only for themselves but their team, coaches and fans, and whether or not the coaches and gm are ready to help those players each step of the way to the best of their abilities even when its not what the players want.

NHL-wide thought: it's funny how when a team has reached it's expiration date they call for a retool to get younger and refresh the roster to compete. but when they see prospects doing so well before coming in the show, they're like "but does his game translate well to the NHL???" or "is he NHL ready?" What really is the deal about prospects and why is there so much stigma about them despite the need to rebuild at some point?

good question, anon! I would like to know the answer to this too, but sadly I am here exclusively for the shits, giggles and pretty faces so am probably not the best person to ask.

I would suggest asking... perhaps @reavenedges-lies @coffee-at-annies or @idontlikeem all of whom i think know far more about Proper Hockey Stuff!

[travelling-world]

A Step-by-Step Guide to Taking the Ultimate Death Valley Tour From Las Vegas

Overview of Death Valley and Its Incredible Natural Wonders

Death Valley is a vast, arid region located in eastern California, in the United States. The valley stretches over 3,000 square miles and is the lowest, driest, and hottest area in North America. Despite its harsh environment, Death Valley is home to many unique and incredible natural wonders.

One of the most striking features of Death Valley is its landscape. The valley is surrounded by towering mountains, including the Panamint Range to the west and the Black Mountains to the east. The valley floor is a vast expanse of salt flats, sand dunes, and rocky canyons, which provide a unique and otherworldly landscape to explore.

Death Valley is also home to several natural wonders, including:

Badwater Basin: This is the lowest point in North America, with an elevation of 282 feet below sea level. The basin is a vast expanse of salt flats that are beautiful to explore.

Mesquite Flat Sand Dunes: These are some of the most beautiful sand dunes in the park, and they offer a great opportunity for hiking and photography.

Zabriskie Point: This is a popular viewpoint that offers stunning panoramic views of the surrounding landscapes, including the badlands and the Amargosa Range.

Artist's Drive and Palette: This is a scenic one-way drive that offers breathtaking views of the colorful rock formations, including the famous Artist's Palette.

Scotty's Castle: This is a historic mansion that was built in the 1920s and offers a glimpse into the park's history and architecture.

Dante's View: This is a viewpoint that offers stunning panoramic views of the valley and the surrounding mountains, and it's a great place to watch the sunrise or sunset.

Ubehebe Crater: This is a volcanic crater that offers a unique and otherworldly landscape to explore.

Overall, Death Valley National Park is a unique and incredible natural wonder, offering a glimpse into the harsh beauty of the desert landscape. Visitors can explore the park's stunning landscapes, natural wonders, and rich history, making it an unforgettable destination for adventure seekers and nature lovers alike.

Preparing for the Ultimate Tour of Death Valley - What You Need to Know

If you're planning a tour of Death Valley, here are some things you need to know to prepare for an ultimate experience:

Plan your visit: Death Valley is a vast park, and it's important to plan your visit to make the most of your time. Consider which attractions you want to see, and plan your itinerary accordingly.

Dress appropriately: The weather in Death Valley can be extreme, with hot days and cool nights. Dress in layers, and wear comfortable clothing and shoes suitable for hiking.

Bring plenty of water: Dehydration is a real danger in Death Valley, so bring plenty of water, and drink it regularly to stay hydrated.

Watch out for wildlife: Death Valley is home to several species of wildlife, including snakes, scorpions, and coyotes. Be aware of your surroundings, and take precautions to avoid encounters with wildlife.

Stay on designated trails: To protect the fragile ecosystem of Death Valley, it's important to stay on designated trails and not venture off into areas where you could cause damage.

Respect park rules and regulations: To help preserve the park's natural beauty and protect its resources, be sure to follow all park rules and regulations.

Bring a map and compass: Cell phone coverage can be spotty in Death Valley, so bring a map and compass to help you navigate the park.

Be prepared for emergencies: In case of an emergency, be sure to bring a first aid kit, and let someone know your itinerary and when you plan to return.

By following these tips, you can prepare for an ultimate tour of Death Valley and have a safe and enjoyable experience exploring this unique and beautiful landscape.

Exploring Death Valley - Tips for Making the Most Out of Your Trip

If you're planning a trip to Death Valley, here are some tips to help you make the most out of your experience:

Visit during the off-season: The summer months can be incredibly hot in Death Valley, so consider visiting during the fall or winter when the weather is more mild.

Take your time: Death Valley is a vast park, and there's a lot to see and explore. Take your time and don't try to cram everything into one day.

Start early: If you plan on hiking or exploring outdoors, it's best to start early in the morning when the temperatures are cooler.

Bring a camera: Death Valley offers some incredible opportunities for photography, so be sure to bring a camera and capture some amazing shots.

Take guided tours: If you're not sure where to start, consider taking a guided tour with a knowledgeable guide who can show you the best spots in the park.

Check the weather: The weather in Death Valley can be unpredictable, so be sure to check the forecast before you go and plan accordingly.

Be prepared for the terrain: Death Valley offers a range of terrain, from rocky canyons to sand dunes. Be prepared for the terrain you plan to explore.

Bring snacks and food: There are limited food options in Death Valley, so be sure to bring snacks and food to keep you fueled throughout the day.

Respect the park: Death Valley is a beautiful and fragile ecosystem, so be sure to follow all park rules and regulations and respect the park's natural beauty.

By following these tips, you can make the most out of your trip to Death Valley and have an unforgettable experience exploring this unique and beautiful landscape.

The Best Way To Get From Las Vegas To Death Valley and Back Again

There are several ways to get from Las Vegas to Death Valley and back again, depending on your preferences and budget. Here are some options to consider:

Rent a car: Renting a car is a popular option for those visiting Death Valley from Las Vegas. There are several car rental companies located at the Las Vegas airport, and it's about a 2-3 hour drive to Death Valley.

Book a guided tour: If you prefer not to drive, you can book a guided tour from Las Vegas that includes transportation to and from Death Valley, as well as a knowledgeable guide who can show you the best spots in the park.

Take a shuttle: There are several shuttle services that operate between Las Vegas and Death Valley, such as the Death Valley Express Shuttle or the Death Valley Adventure Tour.

Hire a private car or driver: If you prefer a more luxurious and personalized experience, you can hire a private car or driver to take you from Las Vegas to Death Valley and back again.

No matter which option you choose, be sure to plan ahead and book your transportation in advance to ensure a smooth and enjoyable trip to Death Valley.

[jonfarreporter]

Sonoma’s Sugarloaf Mountain Range is it a local Yosemite?

Traversing up Adobe Canyon Road in Kenwood, just north of the town of Sonoma, a person seeking an exhilarating experience of nature and bucolic adventure will be breathtakingly taken aback by the rustic beauty of Sugarloaf Ridge State Park.

Some visitors have commented It’s Sonoma’s Yosemite. “I am not one of them,” said longtime Sonoma resident Mary Oswald.

Her reason for not comparing it to Yosemite is simple. “Sugarloaf is unique and it’s a part of Sonoma. It’s one of those special places that few people know about,” said Oswald.

As someone who has volunteered as a docent and visitor’s center guide, she explained why the 4,900-acre mountain range is called sugarloaf. “Sugar wasn’t always sold in the neat paper packages that we buy at the supermarket these days,” said Oswald.

“Before the 20th Century, said Oswald, sugar came in loaves that looked something like oversized, upside-down ice cream cones. The grocer just broke off pieces for his customers,” she said. To the pioneers who settled in the Sonoma Valley, “it reminded them of a piece of a loaf of sugar; hence the name Sugarloaf,” Oswald added.

A 25-foot waterfall flows after the winter rains. And now that spring has arrived it’s an ideal time to make the trek to the 200 to 2729 feet elevations of Sugarloaf.

There is a self-guided nature trail along Sonoma Creek that starts near the picnic area. Sugarloaf Ridge State Park contains the headwaters of Sonoma Creek. It runs through gorge and canyon, across the meadow floor, beneath scenic rock outcroppings, and is surrounded at times by redwoods and ferns.

Views are spectacular as far as the human eye can see in just about every direction.

Trees of many varieties are abundant. Within the oak woodland and chaparral, the park has 25 miles of trails for hiking and horseback riding. But amid the abundance of arbor expansion Redwoods are the ancient gem of this hill and mountains retreat.

Simply stand beneath one and look up. The sounds of birds and of babbling creek waters are soothing as well as enticing.

The eagerness to explore and meander is encouraging. Yet it’s advised to do so with caution as trails can be narrow. Twigs, branches, rocks and other obstacles can make for a slow climb or descending path.

With daylight hours increasing, this is an on-foot excursion that should be savored and not rushed.

On a clear day, visitors can see views of the Sierra Nevada and the Golden Gate bridge from the 2729-foot summit of Bald Mountain.

Deer, gray foxes, the occasional bobcat and coyote can be seen in the park. In spring, wildflowers provide a colorful palette across the green hills.

Lower portions of Sugarloaf is free for visitors to park and walk. Other higher portions and sections, especially campsites require an admission fee.

Note that all plants and wildlife within the park are protected. Collecting or destroying anything in the park, including mushrooms, is prohibited.

Dogs must be on a leash under your control at all times. Dogs are not allowed on trails.

Camping is permitted in designated areas. Dogs must be in a tent, camper or enclosed vehicle during the night.

The non-profit Valley of the Moon Observatory Association provides year-round astronomy education and interpretation programs at the Robert Ferguson Observatory within Sugarloaf Ridge State Park. Program fees vary, some are free with the payment of the park's Day Use Fee.

There are three telescopes and the New Generation 40-inch Telescope Project at the Ferguson Observatory which will be one of the largest telescopes dedicated for public viewing. For more information and public viewing schedules, visit the Sugarloaf State Park website.

[daggerspared]

bradley’s house feels empty. it’s always a bit of a shock, to step over the threshold from sunny, sandy san diego into the gaping abyss of his old house. it’s felt that way for nearly as long as he can remember.

first, it was the absence of nick bradshaw. his mother, bless her soul, tried so hard--goose’s old knickknacks spilling over shelves and table surfaces, the ever-permeating smell of recipes gathered from the other military wives (always with just a tinge of burning), the garden she kept in full bloom--but she was just one woman and the house was built for a family, not a widow and her four year old son. bradley remembers pockets of silence. nights with carole staring blankly at the tv, the only source of light and sound, some game show host’s plastic laugh echoing into the ceiling.

and then carole died and bradley fled the nest for maverick (and iceman’s) home.

when he finally returned, a man now, he couldn’t even make it through the door. no dad. no mom. no maverick. but there was ice on the phone laying out his options. selling it is even more unthinkable than living in it.

so bradley rents it out. to families, couples, rowdy groups of college kids. he hopes it fits them better than it ever did him.

then the mission happens and recuperating in the barracks sounds even worse than if he’d just laid down in the snow and died, so back to the house it is.

natasha had dropped him off at the door, worried eyes as he took a fortifying breath and opened the door to darkness, but he waved her off. he’s been alone with the silence for a few days. no matter how many lamps he turns on or how many windows he opens, it’s all so cold and dark and quiet. hollow.

that changes quickly.

jake muscles his way through bradley’s door and bradley can’t even stop him, his and mav’s crash landing leaving him with a limited range of mobility.

jake uses all his pots and pans and puts them back in the wrong places. he leaves his jackets over the back of the chairs, the sofa, the door handles. his voice booms down every corner, making snide comments at bradleys choice in decor or telling some fantastic story to coyote over the phone. bradley can’t turn his head without some evidence of jakes overwhelming intrusion into his life.

and he realizes he hasn’t heard an echo for days.

because jake seresin is big. big head, big talk, too big for his boots. 

too big for top gun—the narrow hallways and stuffed classrooms. too big for the bars they find themselves occupying—spreading himself all over the pool table, dominating the dart board, somehow always punching a new track into the jukebox. and certainly too big for the aircraft carriers. hell, bradleys surprised he even fits in the cockpit.

it’s an opinion everyone shares. that hangman is a lot. too much. he exists and he does it loudly and largely. there isn’t a room on earth that could fit him and his ego. you’d suffocate if you stand too close too long.

but for the first time in days, bradley can breathe and the air doesnt taste stale.

later, jake will tell him about the seresin house. the fields that swallow you whole, the endless expanse of blank walls, the dining table with too many chairs. little jakey seresin, filling himself up with hot air, trying to fill the space his parents love never did.

too small for the house of his childhood, too big for the bunks, but here, his sound and spirit nestle into the space, into all the nooks and crannies that had been cold as long as bradley can remember.

bradley doesn’t think the bradshaw home feels empty anymore. he doesn’t think jake feels like too much anymore. he thinks it all fits perfectly.

[candela888]

Coyote expansion over the decades since 1900.

The species is versatile, able to adapt to and expand into environments modified by humans. It is enlarging its range by moving into urban areas in the eastern U.S.A. and Canada, as well as into Central America.