#countervailing duties

[technologylawyersinvietnam]

How Products could Enjoy Exemption in Trade Remedies?

The scope of the exemption applies primarily to both provisional and formal trade remedies. For goods subject to investigation for application of trade remedies, if falling into one of the following cases, organizations or individuals that import/use such goods will be allowed to submit an application for exemption. The importer or manufacturer could consult with international trade lawyers in Vietnam to present the case to the authority to submit application for exemption if meeting the conditions as regulated by laws.

After the 2017 Law on Foreign Trade Management was promulgated with a more comprehensive and comprehensive system of legal provisions on trade remedies, the Ministry of Industry and Trade issued Circular No. 06/2018/TT-BCT in order to provide specific and detailed regulations in this field, including content of the scope of exemption from application of trade remedies. However, based on Clause 1, Article 9 of this Circular, the Ministry of Industry and Trade has only given four (04) exemptions.

After considering the actual situation, on November 29, 2019, the Ministry of Industry and Trade replaced Circular 06/2018/TT-BCT with Circular No. 37/2019/TT-BCT, which stipulates all six (06) types of goods which are exempted from trade remedies. Specifically, Article 10 of Circular No. 37/2019/TT-BCT allows the Minister of Industry and Trade to consider exemption from application of temporary trade remedies and official trade remedies for a number of goods. Imported goods are subject to trade remedy measures in one of six (06) cases.

First, goods cannot be produced domestically.

With this addition, it is understandable that Vietnamese law, in addition to protecting the domestic manufacturing industry, also considers allowing Vietnam to import important goods that cannot yet be produced on its own, in order to ensure to fully and promptly meet the development needs of all aspects, especially the economy and society of the country. The granting of a trade remedy waiver for goods that cannot be produced in the country may initially be seen as preventing the formation of a domestic industry producing the goods. However, the introduction of a new product into the Vietnamese market is a test for the tastes and needs of customers, through which the importation can assess the development potential and profit of that industry in Vietnam, thereby stimulating the investment and production of domestic manufacturers.

Second, goods have distinctive characteristics from domestically produced goods that cannot be substituted for domestically produced goods.

The exemption from trade remedies for different goods that cannot be substituted by domestically produced goods also ensures the supply of special goods, prevents the scarcity of goods, the supply of goods and the supply of goods that cannot be replaced enough demand in the market.

Third, goods are special products of like products or directly competitive goods produced in the country.

Special products are products with the same physical and chemical characteristics as like products or directly competitive goods are domestically produced but have some characteristics, appearance or product quality that are different from those like products, directly competitive goods produced in the country. Basically, this explanation also causes some confusion with the above-mentioned case of goods with differences that cannot be substituted by domestically produced goods, making it difficult to determine the exemption case. However, only goods that fall into one of the six cases can apply for an exemption, so the applicant only needs to prepare sufficient evidence to prove that the goods they import/use in a case that satisfies the condition for an exemption.

Fourth, like products, directly competitive goods produced in the country are not sold on the domestic market under the same usual conditions.

Normal conditions directly affect the quality, efficiency of use, etc. of the goods. Therefore, the difference in normal conditions has brought special features to goods from abroad that are imported/used into Vietnam, which is the basis for exemption from trade remedies, in order to meet the needs of the domestic market.

Fifth, like products, directly competitive goods produced in the country do not meet the amount of domestic use.

With the priority criteria for the development of the domestic manufacturing industry, acts of importing/using foreign goods that cause damage or threaten to cause damage to the domestic industry will be investigated and applied for defensive measures commerce. However, in cases where the domestic industry cannot meet the demand for like products, the relaxation of trade remedies is essential to ensure supply and market balance.

Sixth, imported goods are included in the total amount requested for exemption from regulations for research and development purposes and other non-commercial purposes.

With this regulation, it can be seen that in the future, the goals of science and technology development, technical level development, research and non-commercial purposes will be increasingly focused and encouraged instead of just economic goals as before. Therefore, it can be understood why state agencies allow the import/use of goods for research, development and other non-commercial purposes, even though they are likely to negatively affect the economy domestic production.

Accurate identification of cases where imported/used goods are exempted from trade remedy measures is extremely important and has great significance for foreign importers and manufacturers. Therefore, before submitting an application for an exemption, it is necessary to base on the above provisions and consult with international trade lawyers in trade remedies to accurately determine the scope of the exemption, in order to avoid wasting time and money.

If Client needs any more information or request for legal advice or potential dispute regarding trade remedies measures including, anti-dumping, countervailing duty and safeguard measures or international trade dispute matters, our competition, anti-dumping, and countervailing duty lawyers in Vietnam of International trade and tax practice at ANT Lawyers, an Anti-dumping law firm in Vietnam always follow up anti-dumping cases and its development to update clients on regular basis.

Source: ANT Lawyers

[businesslawyersinvietnam]

How Products could Enjoy Exemption in Trade Remedies?

The scope of the exemption applies primarily to both provisional and formal trade remedies. For goods subject to investigation for application of trade remedies, if falling into one of the following cases, organizations or individuals that import/use such goods will be allowed to submit an application for exemption. The importer or manufacturer could consult with international trade lawyers in Vietnam to present the case to the authority to submit application for exemption if meeting the conditions as regulated by laws.

After the 2017 Law on Foreign Trade Management was promulgated with a more comprehensive and comprehensive system of legal provisions on trade remedies, the Ministry of Industry and Trade issued Circular No. 06/2018/TT-BCT in order to provide specific and detailed regulations in this field, including content of the scope of exemption from application of trade remedies. However, based on Clause 1, Article 9 of this Circular, the Ministry of Industry and Trade has only given four (04) exemptions.

After considering the actual situation, on November 29, 2019, the Ministry of Industry and Trade replaced Circular 06/2018/TT-BCT with Circular No. 37/2019/TT-BCT, which stipulates all six (06) types of goods which are exempted from trade remedies. Specifically, Article 10 of Circular No. 37/2019/TT-BCT allows the Minister of Industry and Trade to consider exemption from application of temporary trade remedies and official trade remedies for a number of goods. Imported goods are subject to trade remedy measures in one of six (06) cases.

First, goods cannot be produced domestically.

With this addition, it is understandable that Vietnamese law, in addition to protecting the domestic manufacturing industry, also considers allowing Vietnam to import important goods that cannot yet be produced on its own, in order to ensure to fully and promptly meet the development needs of all aspects, especially the economy and society of the country. The granting of a trade remedy waiver for goods that cannot be produced in the country may initially be seen as preventing the formation of a domestic industry producing the goods. However, the introduction of a new product into the Vietnamese market is a test for the tastes and needs of customers, through which the importation can assess the development potential and profit of that industry in Vietnam, thereby stimulating the investment and production of domestic manufacturers.

Second, goods have distinctive characteristics from domestically produced goods that cannot be substituted for domestically produced goods.

The exemption from trade remedies for different goods that cannot be substituted by domestically produced goods also ensures the supply of special goods, prevents the scarcity of goods, the supply of goods and the supply of goods that cannot be replaced enough demand in the market.

Third, goods are special products of like products or directly competitive goods produced in the country.

Special products are products with the same physical and chemical characteristics as like products or directly competitive goods are domestically produced but have some characteristics, appearance or product quality that are different from those like products, directly competitive goods produced in the country. Basically, this explanation also causes some confusion with the above-mentioned case of goods with differences that cannot be substituted by domestically produced goods, making it difficult to determine the exemption case. However, only goods that fall into one of the six cases can apply for an exemption, so the applicant only needs to prepare sufficient evidence to prove that the goods they import/use in a case that satisfies the condition for an exemption.

Fourth, like products, directly competitive goods produced in the country are not sold on the domestic market under the same usual conditions.

Normal conditions directly affect the quality, efficiency of use, etc. of the goods. Therefore, the difference in normal conditions has brought special features to goods from abroad that are imported/used into Vietnam, which is the basis for exemption from trade remedies, in order to meet the needs of the domestic market.

Fifth, like products, directly competitive goods produced in the country do not meet the amount of domestic use.

With the priority criteria for the development of the domestic manufacturing industry, acts of importing/using foreign goods that cause damage or threaten to cause damage to the domestic industry will be investigated and applied for defensive measures commerce. However, in cases where the domestic industry cannot meet the demand for like products, the relaxation of trade remedies is essential to ensure supply and market balance.

Sixth, imported goods are included in the total amount requested for exemption from regulations for research and development purposes and other non-commercial purposes.

With this regulation, it can be seen that in the future, the goals of science and technology development, technical level development, research and non-commercial purposes will be increasingly focused and encouraged instead of just economic goals as before. Therefore, it can be understood why state agencies allow the import/use of goods for research, development and other non-commercial purposes, even though they are likely to negatively affect the economy domestic production.

Accurate identification of cases where imported/used goods are exempted from trade remedy measures is extremely important and has great significance for foreign importers and manufacturers. Therefore, before submitting an application for an exemption, it is necessary to base on the above provisions and consult with international trade lawyers in trade remedies to accurately determine the scope of the exemption, in order to avoid wasting time and money.

If Client needs any more information or request for legal advice or potential dispute regarding trade remedies measures including, anti-dumping, countervailing duty and safeguard measures or international trade dispute matters, our competition, anti-dumping, and countervailing duty lawyers in Vietnam of International trade and tax practice at ANT Lawyers, an Anti-dumping law firm in Vietnam always follow up anti-dumping cases and its development to update clients on regular basis.

[vietnamlawyers]

How Products could Enjoy Exemption in Trade Remedies?

The scope of the exemption applies primarily to both provisional and formal trade remedies. For goods subject to investigation for application of trade remedies, if falling into one of the following cases, organizations or individuals that import/use such goods will be allowed to submit an application for exemption. The importer or manufacturer could consult with international trade lawyers in Vietnam to present the case to the authority to submit application for exemption if meeting the conditions as regulated by laws.

After the 2017 Law on Foreign Trade Management was promulgated with a more comprehensive and comprehensive system of legal provisions on trade remedies, the Ministry of Industry and Trade issued Circular No. 06/2018/TT-BCT in order to provide specific and detailed regulations in this field, including content of the scope of exemption from application of trade remedies. However, based on Clause 1, Article 9 of this Circular, the Ministry of Industry and Trade has only given four (04) exemptions.

After considering the actual situation, on November 29, 2019, the Ministry of Industry and Trade replaced Circular 06/2018/TT-BCT with Circular No. 37/2019/TT-BCT, which stipulates all six (06) types of goods which are exempted from trade remedies. Specifically, Article 10 of Circular No. 37/2019/TT-BCT allows the Minister of Industry and Trade to consider exemption from application of temporary trade remedies and official trade remedies for a number of goods. Imported goods are subject to trade remedy measures in one of six (06) cases.

First, goods cannot be produced domestically.

With this addition, it is understandable that Vietnamese law, in addition to protecting the domestic manufacturing industry, also considers allowing Vietnam to import important goods that cannot yet be produced on its own, in order to ensure to fully and promptly meet the development needs of all aspects, especially the economy and society of the country. The granting of a trade remedy waiver for goods that cannot be produced in the country may initially be seen as preventing the formation of a domestic industry producing the goods. However, the introduction of a new product into the Vietnamese market is a test for the tastes and needs of customers, through which the importation can assess the development potential and profit of that industry in Vietnam, thereby stimulating the investment and production of domestic manufacturers.

Second, goods have distinctive characteristics from domestically produced goods that cannot be substituted for domestically produced goods.

The exemption from trade remedies for different goods that cannot be substituted by domestically produced goods also ensures the supply of special goods, prevents the scarcity of goods, the supply of goods and the supply of goods that cannot be replaced enough demand in the market.

Third, goods are special products of like products or directly competitive goods produced in the country.

Special products are products with the same physical and chemical characteristics as like products or directly competitive goods are domestically produced but have some characteristics, appearance or product quality that are different from those like products, directly competitive goods produced in the country. Basically, this explanation also causes some confusion with the above-mentioned case of goods with differences that cannot be substituted by domestically produced goods, making it difficult to determine the exemption case. However, only goods that fall into one of the six cases can apply for an exemption, so the applicant only needs to prepare sufficient evidence to prove that the goods they import/use in a case that satisfies the condition for an exemption.

Fourth, like products, directly competitive goods produced in the country are not sold on the domestic market under the same usual conditions.

Normal conditions directly affect the quality, efficiency of use, etc. of the goods. Therefore, the difference in normal conditions has brought special features to goods from abroad that are imported/used into Vietnam, which is the basis for exemption from trade remedies, in order to meet the needs of the domestic market.

Fifth, like products, directly competitive goods produced in the country do not meet the amount of domestic use.

With the priority criteria for the development of the domestic manufacturing industry, acts of importing/using foreign goods that cause damage or threaten to cause damage to the domestic industry will be investigated and applied for defensive measures commerce. However, in cases where the domestic industry cannot meet the demand for like products, the relaxation of trade remedies is essential to ensure supply and market balance.

Sixth, imported goods are included in the total amount requested for exemption from regulations for research and development purposes and other non-commercial purposes.

With this regulation, it can be seen that in the future, the goals of science and technology development, technical level development, research and non-commercial purposes will be increasingly focused and encouraged instead of just economic goals as before. Therefore, it can be understood why state agencies allow the import/use of goods for research, development and other non-commercial purposes, even though they are likely to negatively affect the economy domestic production.

Accurate identification of cases where imported/used goods are exempted from trade remedy measures is extremely important and has great significance for foreign importers and manufacturers. Therefore, before submitting an application for an exemption, it is necessary to base on the above provisions and consult with international trade lawyers in trade remedies to accurately determine the scope of the exemption, in order to avoid wasting time and money.

If Client needs any more information or request for legal advice or potential dispute regarding trade remedies measures including, anti-dumping, countervailing duty and safeguard measures or international trade dispute matters, our competition, anti-dumping, and countervailing duty lawyers in Vietnam of International trade and tax practice at ANT Lawyers, an Anti-dumping law firm in Vietnam always follow up anti-dumping cases and its development to update clients on regular basis.

[nexility-sims]

𝐍𝐎. 𝟔   ❛ 𝐠𝐨𝐨𝐝𝐛𝐲𝐞 𝐦𝐚𝐦𝐚 ❜   |   NAKAWE PALACE, DEC. 1990

❧  𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐨𝐮𝐬  /  𝐧𝐞𝐱𝐭.

   ❛  A homecoming hadn’t been in Arnaut’s plans for years. Yet, had he imagined one, it never would have been occasioned by tragedy. The newspapers and evening news struck a grim chord as he arrived with his foreign children and foreign wife in tow: the queen’s heir was dead, and now her spare was recalled to fill the role. It need not be said aloud that this was its own calamity. While it was factual, the coverage eclipsed a deeper truth. Arnaut returned to Uspana with a hole in his life—one large enough to step through, large enough to become lost in, large enough that he could attempt, as she had, to drown within it. It tempted him. He could already hear the countervailing appeal of Safya’s voice in his ear. Duty wasn’t meaningless to him, but it was paper-thin compared to his iron reverence for her.

𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐧𝐬𝐜𝐫𝐢𝐩𝐭 ↓

❧ i think this is my favorite scene of the episode, maybe just because i love arnaut and love him getting screen time. i had planned to write something poetic about the sharp contrasts between arnaut and lorri’s respective relationships with their sisters, but i had to sacrifice prose on the altar of exhaustion yet again. if anyone wants to ask questions, that’s a good one. & lorri is, as always, @funkyllama's baby.

TRANSCRIPT:

{Shuffling, wheels, doors opening and closing}

[L] Germán! Walk, please.

{Indistict children's voices}

{Abelina laughing}

[L] Well? A “stroll” before we go inside—?

[A] Are you okay? [L] Am I okay?

[A] Lorraine, this is it. We’re home now. [L] I know that. [A] I’m sorry.

[L] May I be honest? [A] About how you’re feeling? Please.

[L] Leaving isn’t hard. The reason for it is …

[L] What I want to say that I will not be grieving anything else.

[L] We don’t have a life in Iona to mourn. Or, I don’t. If I can put an ocean between her and myself, why would I be upset about that?

[L] You can’t worry about me. Not on top of everything else. [A] {Sighs} [L] I mean it.

[A] She isn’t here, but there will be others. Different isn’t better. [L] I know. [A] Germán and Abelina? He isn’t ready. We made sure of that. They’ve been training Leonor since she was old enough to walk—or before, even. They won’t be kind or fair to them.

[L] It’s my responsibility now. In a sense, I was born for it. I can be myself and grow into the role I have now. We all can; we all will.

[L] All I’ve ever wanted is to be of service. If that’s what will be asked of me, then I’m home now.

[A] Gone? [G] Yeah. [A] Sad? [G] Really sad, Lia.

[zvaigzdelasas]

A letter signed by an assemblage of Republican and Democrat lawmakers to U.S. Secretary of Commerce, Gina Raimondo, sent forth on October 24th, presents us with an intriguing example [of bipartisanship in resource policy]. This letter calls for a reduction in countervailing duties (CVDs) on imports of an essential ingredient in fertilizers - phosphates.[...]

Phosphate mining on the remote pacific island of Nauru ravaged the landscape, but also helped propel the food production in Australia and many other parts of the world in the twentieth century.[...]

More than 70% of the world's rock phosphate for fertilizer production is now found in Morocco and the disputed territory of Western Sahara. Just before leaving office, former President Trump recognized Morocco's claim to all of the Western Sahara region in exchange for the country's resumption of diplomatic ties with Israel. The Biden administration has not indicated a reversal of this policy and de facto Morocco will likely remain in control of much of the phosphate mining region.[...]

World leaders should consider the words of President Franklin D. Roosevelt as the United States was recovering from the Great Depression in 1938:

"The disposition of our phosphate deposits should be regarded as a national concern....The situation appears to offer an opportunity for this nation to exercise foresight in the use of a great national resource heretofore almost unknown in our plans for the development of the nation.”

25 Oct 23

[allthebrazilianpolitics]

Brazil and China: Subsidy and countervailing measures investigation concerning fiber-optic cables

The Brazilian Secretariat of Foreign Trade (“SECEX“) opened, on 22 June 2023, a new investigation to assess whether the Chinese government granted actionable subsidies to its national producers who exported fiber-optic cables (NCM 8544.70.10) to Brazil.

The investigation may result in the imposition of countervailing measures and the consequent increase in the cost of Brazilian imports of fiber-optic cables for a period of five years. In parallel, there is another ongoing investigation into the alleged practice of dumping by Chinese manufacturers/exporters of the same product, which may result in the imposition of antidumping duties, further raising the cost of Brazilian importers.

Fiber-optic cables are used in telecommunications networks for data, sound and image transmission, long distance communication networks, metropolitan networks, among others.

The full official notice of initiation (in Portuguese) is available here.

Continue reading.

[peterchiublack]

蔡英文( 碩士？)論文讀後感 (上中下)

英國牛津的徐永泰博士，蔡英文( 碩士？)論文讀後感 (全：上中下) - 2019-09-18。

https://www.mobile01.com/topicdetail.php?f=638&t=5903508

一、這部在2019年6月底才登錄入藏LSE圖書館的收藏品看起來似乎是一部博士論文的“未完成文稿”。

二、與這部“未完成文稿”直接有關的“已完成文稿”有任何存世的原始或複製版本嗎？似乎沒有。

https://udn.com/news/story/7339/4054919 蔡英文論文讀後感 (上)／我兩度赴倫敦政經學院 細讀！ 2019-09-18 18:22世界日報 徐永泰博士

https://udn.com/news/story/7339/4054933 蔡英文總統論文讀後感 (中)／為何外殼燙金 內頁像傳真紙 不懂！ 2019-09-18 18:32世界日報 徐永泰博士

https://udn.com/news/story/7339/4054931 蔡英文總統論文讀後感 (下)／兩種編排有異 畢業35年收到 為何？

2019-09-18 18:32世界日報 徐永泰博士

論文有缺頁 多數有手改 根據LSE圖書館嚴格規定，我不能引用和轉述內容。所以我僅能作的是論文的形式報告如下： https://city.udn.com/51173/6112011

這是一本黑色外殼全新燙金字體的論文：

蔡英文論文上有加註除非獲得本人同意，否則禁止影印的書腰。(取自調查報告) 論文題目是“Unfair Trade Practices and Safeguard Actions” 作者是 Ing-wen Tsai，上面寫的是 “A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of PhD The School of Economics The University of London” 時間是1983年，沒有月份。圖書編號F10034，論文編號 BLPS 21 12643479。這種燙金字體外殼是全新的。 LSE網站上的備註：這份論文是蔡英文提供的個人拷貝於2019年6月建檔，論文的首頁和其他的頁數中，沒有任何考試官（Examiners）的簽字或簽收日期。為什麼LSE可以讓一篇論文在35年後登入圖書館目錄，我沒有答案，圖書管理員也無法回答，有待LSE校方解釋。

整本論文分三大部分（Three Parts）：

第一部分 (Part One) 有三章 (Chapter I,II,III)（page 1-60），第二部 (Part Two) 分五章(chapter I,II,III,IV,V) (page 61-298)，第三部分(Part Three)有兩章（Chapter I, II）（page 299-365)。 感謝言（Acknowledgement）1頁，論文大綱（Abstract）2頁，論文介紹（Introduction）18頁，最後參考書目引用資料來源（Bibliography，但整本論文章節中沒有看到或使用這個字，通常在論文的最後部分需要列出它）約10 頁。 全部頁數按照數字是391頁。但實際上數出來要比391要多10頁，原因如 item 9解釋。 論文有三大部分Part One: Current State of Economy, Part Two: Legal Analysis of Those Issues Mentioned Above; Part Three: Laws of Countervailing Duties.

感謝言部分：

作者（蔡英文）感謝她的導師 M. J. Elliott 指導， 還有其他兩位在大學的老師（基於法律問題，這裡不能提名字）的指導方向。另外作者（蔡英文）特別謝謝一位 S女士幫她的論文打字，提到她極大的鼓勵和 Typing Ability （打字能力）和校正，幫她打字完成這篇論文。

論文缺頁：

第一大部分（Part One）第一章（Chapter I）缺頁 5,6,7,8,9,10，page # 4 後就直接接到 page #10，中間不見， 沒有解釋原因。我向圖書館提出疑問為什麼缺頁，圖書管理員（S.女士）無法回答。至於缺頁問題，好像之前已有其他學者曾報導過，我只能算是另一個缺頁的見證。

論文中有多處手改：

如 Regime，手改成Regimes，如在 Introduction （引言）處的Infrigements 中間加一個“n”字母 , 變成Infringements。又如 Page 295 Chapter 後加上 “V”（第五章），手改不像是鉛筆，是鋼筆。 Page 230，是一個章節的開始，章目（title）的 “dumping”一字，手改成“injury”。錯誤以手寫更改，比較另類。

論文中用的很多字是美式拼法：

譬如 Page 299英式的Analyse，寫成 analyze，Page 358英式Subsidise 拼成Subsidize。英國老師碰到學生用美國拼法就立馬改，毫不留情。若要了解這種情況，問問在英國留過學的同學，都可以告訴你類似經驗，英國學校認為你是來拿英國學位的，所以要用英文，而不是美文。這不是對錯的問題，但這是英國文化，只有入鄉問俗沒有其他選擇。 論文三百多頁 註解不連貫

每一章的結尾都有單獨的Conclusion， 總共有10個，但是沒有整個論文的總結：

我的經驗不能代表百分之百正確，博士論文應當有一個總結論點 (General Argument) 。每一個chapter後面就有結論，當然很好，但沒有連貫性的總結論，會讓每一篇讀起來像是獨立的Short Essay，而幾篇合起來成為一大板塊 （Part One，Two，Three）。

每一章的註解號碼都是單獨算號碼的，全論文的註解是完全不連號的：

每一大板塊的章節的註解必須反復去查，如果是獨立的Short Essay只有數十頁沒有問題，比較容易翻到後面去查。但整篇論文三百多頁的註解不連貫，在Bibliography引用資料來源的處理就顯得雜亂。 每一章節的註解註解沒有放在一頁本身，而以星號 “*” 加號碼標識，要找註解的出處必須到每一章的結束後去找，沒有清楚索引，如何找？如果要查證作者的引用資料是否正確，只有不斷地反復翻閱，很費時間。沒有辦法立即找到相關連的頁數和內容是影響論文品質的。當然我的經驗法則不是一定百分之百的正確，不過世界級的大學要求標準是可以查得到的，也可以以其他博士論文來對照。如今的Word 軟體可以Endnote 或Footnote 立即找到相關資料，但是在沒有Word或類似電腦軟體可以使用的80年代，論文作者必須負責建立註解和頁數的相關性和連接性。還有一些在註解中提到的作者和著作，在參考資料（Bibliography）中我也沒有看到，譬如第三部分第二章的註解5，在參考資料中就沒有找到。還有類似例子，不再重複。 台大法律系名譽教授賀德芬提出質疑，指蔡總統並未在1984年取得倫敦政經學院法學博士學位。賀德芬並播出影片指質疑蔡英文手上拿展示的博士證書是偽造的贗品。記者杜建重／翻攝

每一章的起頭頁是沒有號碼，也沒有在 Table of Contents 顯示出，因此，實際的頁數比數出來的391頁要多10頁以上：

照理說Table of Contents 的頁數應當是與內容頁數是一致的。 比如說Part One，Chapter I是page 61-92，但是Chapter I的 title：Economics of Subsidies 沒有頁數號碼，它既不是 page 60，也不是 page 61，是多出來沒有號碼的頁數，是疏忽嗎？ 可是Chapter II （page 93-171）又也發生同樣狀況， Chapter II 的title ：Subsidies Under GATT 這一頁緊連接在前一個Chapter I 的最後一頁 page 92，可是它本身卻沒有頁數號碼，而Chapter II它的正文是從下一頁page 93開始，那麼Chapter II 的title 的這一頁既不是page 92，也不是page 93，變成多出來了完全沒有號碼的一頁。 Chapter III這一頁Page172緊接著前面的171頁，但是它的章目 Law of Countervailing Duties 這一頁沒有頁數號碼，既不是Page172，也不是 Page173，這與Table of Contents 的整個頁數就不合了。 簡言之，就整個論文的連續性來說，多出來的頁數會影響到讀者參閱內容時，會翻到多餘不需要的頁數，和浪費時間。這在論文的結構中是一個忌諱。不能給考試官 （Examiners）一目了然的呈現，造成視覺上的混亂會影響論文品質。我個人認為，唯一可以解釋的原因是它可能是一篇篇單獨的 Short Essay （短論文）的集合編排，必須塞入空白頁數，這樣才會發生多出table of contents總頁數的現象。

10.Table of Contents 有五頁，很不容易懂：

論文有三大部分 （Three Parts），但它的排列卻與裡面的10個Chapters 章節平行排列，還有副標題。整個Table of Contents共有五頁，我很笨拙，看了很多遍才整理出一個頭緒。第一次閱讀者不容易從Table ofContents 中看出這個論文有三大板塊 （Three Parts）的連續性，也難以找到相關的頁數和內容章節。 論文外殼燙金 用紙像傳真copy

論文的裝訂是新的，但是絕大多數的內容紙質是好像傳真的photocopy，兩邊帶黑影色澤，不知為什麼？

常理推斷，如果外殼是燙金字的硬殼，內容當是相對高品質的內頁，而不是帶黑邊色澤的傳真copy，顯得外殼和內容的紙質呈現參差不齊的對比。 論文開頭的部分頁數，卻沒有這個黑影竄邊現象，如感謝言（Acknowledgement），大綱（Abstract）和論文介紹（Introduction），與其他類似傳真photocopy的主內容呈現是不一致的。為什麼論文要用fax的拷貝來裝訂呢？不懂。(文未完) 徐永泰 博士（D Phil. Oxon.）, 寫於英國牛津 17 September 2019 （徐永泰，牛津大學近代史碩士、經濟史博士、牛津聖約翰學院開發局董事，現任美西華人學會理事長，洛杉磯公開賽創會會長和財務長。） 蔡英文總統論文讀後感 (中)／外殼燙金 內頁像傳真紙2019-09-18 https://blog.udn.com/AbrahamYin/129565279

[technologylawyersinvietnam]

Second Review Of Application Of Anti-Dumping Measures Of Some Aluminum Products from China

On June 10, 2022, the Ministry of Industry and Trade issued Decision No. 1149/QD-BCT on the second review of the application of anti-dumping measures for a number of aluminum products originating from the People’s Republic of China (case code AR02.AR05).

                                      Anti-dumping law firm in Vietnam

The above decision requires a review of the application of anti-dumping measures to certain aluminum, alloy or non-alloy products, in the form of bars, rods and shapes, extruded, whether or not treated surface treatment, whether or not further processed, imported into Vietnam and classified under HS code: 7604.10.10; 7604.10.90, 7604.21.90, 7604.29.10, 7604.29.90.

To ensure the interests of all organizations and individuals involved in the case, the Trade Remedies Authority of Vietnam recommends that relevant organizations and individuals do the followings: register as a related party in the review case to access publicly circulated information during the review process; submit comments, information and evidences related to the content of the review; cooperate with the investigating agency in the investigation and review process.

The conduct of procedures related to the review process must not interfere with the application of anti-dumping measures in force.

If Client needs any more information or request for legal advice or potential dispute regarding trade remedies measures including, anti-dumping, countervailing duty and safeguard measures or international trade dispute matters, our international trade lawyers, countervailing duty lawyers in Vietnam and antitrust lawyers in Vietnam at ANT Lawyers could be of help.

[one-union-solutions]

What is a Tariff and How Does It Affect Trade?

Introduction

Tariffs are a crucial element in the landscape of international trade, influencing how goods flow between countries and shaping global economic relationships. Understanding tariffs—what they are and their impact on trade—is essential for navigating the complexities of global commerce. This article provides an in-depth look at tariffs, their various types, and their effects on trade dynamics, with a focus on how they affect economies and businesses worldwide.

What is a Tariff?

A tariff is a tax imposed by a government on imported or exported goods. The primary objective of tariffs is to increase the cost of foreign products to make domestic goods more attractive to consumers. This helps protect local industries from international competition. Tariffs can be structured as a percentage of the goods' value (ad valorem tariffs) or as a fixed fee per unit of the product (specific tariffs).

Types of Tariffs

Ad Valorem Tariffs: These are calculated as a percentage of the value of the imported goods. For example, a 15% ad valorem tariff on a $200 item would result in a $30 tariff.

Specific Tariffs: These impose a fixed fee per unit of the imported product. For instance, if the specific tariff is $10 per unit, the importer would pay $10 for each unit of the product, regardless of its value.

Compound Tariffs: These combine both ad valorem and specific tariffs. A compound tariff might involve a fixed amount per unit plus a percentage of the product's value, such as $5 per unit plus 10% of the value.

Anti-Dumping Duties: These are designed to prevent foreign companies from selling products below their cost to undermine domestic competitors. Anti-dumping duties help maintain fair market conditions.

Countervailing Duties: These are imposed to counteract subsidies provided by foreign governments to their exporters. By offsetting these subsidies, countervailing duties help ensure a level playing field for domestic producers.

How Tariffs Affect Trade

Impact on Costs

Tariffs raise the price of imported goods, which can lead to higher prices for consumers. This increase makes domestic products more competitive, benefiting local industries. However, businesses that rely on imported components or raw materials might face higher costs, which could be passed on to consumers in the form of increased prices.

Trade Volumes

Higher tariffs can reduce the volume of imports as businesses and consumers may shift to domestic products. This reduction can affect industries dependent on global supply chains and may decrease overall economic efficiency. On the flip side, tariffs can stimulate domestic production by protecting local industries from foreign competition.

International Relations

Tariffs can lead to strained relations between countries and may trigger trade disputes. When countries affected by tariffs retaliate with their own tariffs, it can lead to trade wars, disrupting global trade patterns and creating uncertainty in international markets.

Economic Growth

While tariffs can shield domestic industries, they can also impede economic growth by increasing the cost of goods and reducing trade volumes. Over time, this can lead to inefficiencies and higher costs for both businesses and consumers. It is crucial to balance the protective benefits of tariffs with their potential drawbacks on economic growth.

Role of One Union Solutions

At One Union Solutions, we specialize in helping businesses navigate the intricate world of international trade, including managing tariffs. Our Importer of Record (IOR) services are designed to ensure compliance with local regulations, handle tariff calculations, and streamline global supply chains. By partnering with us, you gain valuable insights into tariffs and their implications for your trade operations, enhancing your competitiveness and achieving your business goals.

Conclusion

Tariffs are a significant aspect of international trade, impacting costs, trade volumes, and global economic relations. A thorough understanding of the different types of tariffs and their effects on trade is essential for global business success. By leveraging the expertise of One Union Solutions, you can effectively manage tariff-related challenges and optimize your international trade strategy. Contact One Union Solutions today to learn more about how our IOR services can support your global trade needs and ensure compliance.

[nadaabdo55]

storage and warehousing services

Customs Duties: An Overview and Their Impact on Trade

Customs are taxes imposed on goods imported into or exported from a country. These duties are a significant source of revenue for governments and play a crucial role in regulating international trade. Customs can affect the cost of goods, influence trade policies, and protect domestic industries. In this article, we will explore the types of customs , how they are calculated, and their impact on global trade.

Types of Customs

Ad Valorem Duties: These duties are calculated as a percentage of the value of the imported goods. The percentage rate varies depending on the product and the country. For example, if the ad valorem duty rate is 10%, and the value of the goods is $1,000, the customs duty would be $100.

Specific Duties: These duties are charged based on a specific amount per unit of weight, volume, or quantity of the goods. For instance, a specific duty might be $50 per ton of steel imported.

Compound Duties: These duties combine both ad valorem and specific duties. For example, a compound duty might include a percentage of the value plus a fixed amount per unit.

Anti-Dumping Duties: These are imposed on foreign imports that are sold at a price lower than the domestic market price, which is considered "dumping." Anti-dumping duties protect domestic industries from unfair competition.

Countervailing Duties: These duties counteract subsidies provided by foreign governments to their exporters. They aim to level the playing field for domestic producers who may not receive similar subsidies.

How Customs  Are Calculated

Customs  are calculated based on several factors:

Harmonized System (HS) Code: The HS Code is an internationally standardized system of names and numbers used to classify traded products. The classification determines the duty rate applicable to the goods.

Customs Value: The customs value is the total cost of the goods, including the cost of the product, shipping, insurance, and other related expenses. This value is used to calculate ad valorem duties.

Country of Origin: The country of origin can influence the duty rate. Some countries have trade agreements that provide preferential duty rates for certain goods.

Quantity and Weight: For specific duties, the quantity or weight of the goods determines the duty amount.

​read about :

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​warehouse and shipping services

[shautopartsblog]

Geely plans to launch its Polar Krypton Electric Car in South Korea in early 2026

Source: Gasgoo

Geely Auto plans to launch its first premium electric vehicle in South Korea as early as 2026, joining other Chinese automakers in challenging the South Korean market to compete with Hyundai Motor Co and Kia Motor Co, which dominate the market.

Geely Auto said its premium electric vehicle brand Polkrypton will open showrooms in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province by the end of next year, with local deliveries starting in the first quarter of 2026. While these plans have not been finalized, sources say Geely Auto’s first model to be released in South Korea may be the Polkrypton 001, an electric car that can travel 620 kilometers on a single charge.

Polar krypton 001; Image Source: Polar Krypton Motors

Under a new regulation in South Korea, the government will give more subsidies to electric vehicles that use more recycled metals such as lithium, nickel, cobalt and manganese. Although the new regulation is not very favorable for Chinese automakers who typically use lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries, they are still attracted to enter the Korean market.

On July 5, the European Commission formally imposed temporary countervailing duties on pure electric vehicles imported from China. Previously, the United States also imposed tariffs of up to 100 percent on imported electric vehicles made in China. Faced with this, Chinese carmakers are looking to grow in other markets. Byd is also preparing to launch its passenger cars in South Korea, while Chinese-made electric buses already account for about 40 per cent of the country’s electric bus fleet, according to Carisyou.

Geely Auto is not a completely unfamiliar name in the South Korean market. In 2022, Geely Auto acquired a 34 percent stake in Renault’s South Korean subsidiary, deepening cooperation between the two automakers in developing environmentally friendly models. Geely’s Polestar 4 electric SUV will go into production at Renault’s Busan plant in South Korea in the second half of 2025.

In addition, Geely Auto has also signed a battery development cooperation agreement with South Korea’s SK Group and a partnership with Posco International Inc. Signed an agreement to sell and service its commercial vehicles in South Korea.

Lee Hang-Koo, director of the Jeonbuk Automotive Convergence Technology Research Institute, said that in South Korea, “there is a market demand for high-end electric vehicles, as shown by Tesla’s success”. Tesla’s Model Y is the best-selling foreign model in South Korea so far this year. “Chinese electric vehicles have a lot of digital features” that appeal to South Korean consumers who love new technology, Mr Lee adds. Lee Hang-Koo also said that in the face of tariffs from Europe and the United States, Geely Auto may consider using Renault’s South Korean plant to produce electric vehicles for export

[jcmarchi]

Musk ends OpenAI lawsuit while slamming Apple's ChatGPT plans

New Post has been published on https://thedigitalinsider.com/musk-ends-openai-lawsuit-while-slamming-apples-chatgpt-plans/

Musk ends OpenAI lawsuit while slamming Apple's ChatGPT plans

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Elon Musk has dropped his lawsuit against OpenAI, the company he co-founded in 2015. Court filings from the Superior Court of California reveal that Musk called off the legal action on June 11th, just a day before an informal conference was scheduled to discuss the discovery process.

Musk had initially sued OpenAI in March 2024, alleging breach of contracts, unfair business practices, and failure in fiduciary duty. He claimed that his contributions to the company were made “in exchange for and in reliance on promises that those assets were irrevocably dedicated to building AI for public benefit, with only safety as a countervailing concern.”

The lawsuit sought remedies for “breach of contract, promissory estoppel, breach of fiduciary duty, unfair business practices, and accounting,” as well as specific performance, restitution, and damages.

However, Musk’s filings to withdraw the case provided no explanation for abandoning the lawsuit. OpenAI had previously called Musk’s claims “incoherent” and that his inability to produce a contract made his breach claims difficult to prove, stating that documents provided by Musk “contradict his allegations as to the alleged terms of the agreement.”

The withdrawal of the lawsuit comes at a time when Musk is strongly opposing Apple’s plans to integrate ChatGPT into its operating systems.

During Apple’s keynote event announcing Apple Intelligence for iOS 18, iPadOS 18, and macOS Sequoia, Musk threatened to ban Apple devices from his companies, calling the integration “an unacceptable security violation.”

Despite assurances from Apple and OpenAI that user data would only be shared with explicit consent and that interactions would be secure, Musk questioned Apple’s ability to ensure data security, stating, “Apple has no clue what’s actually going on once they hand your data over to OpenAI. They’re selling you down the river.”

Since bringing the lawsuit against OpenAI, Musk has also created his own AI company, xAI, and secured over $6 billion in funding for his plans to advance the Grok chatbot on his social network, X.

While Musk’s reasoning for dropping the OpenAI lawsuit remains unclear, his actions suggest a potential shift in focus towards advancing his own AI endeavours while continuing to vocalise his criticism of OpenAI through social media rather than the courts.

See also: DuckDuckGo releases portal giving private access to AI models

Want to learn more about AI and big data from industry leaders? Check out AI & Big Data Expo taking place in Amsterdam, California, and London. The comprehensive event is co-located with other leading events including Intelligent Automation Conference, BlockX, Digital Transformation Week, and Cyber Security & Cloud Expo.

Explore other upcoming enterprise technology events and webinars powered by TechForge here.

Tags: ai, apple, apple intelligence, artificial intelligence, chatbots, chatgpt, elon musk, gpt, grok, law, lawsuit, legal, openai, privacy, x

[socialvinod]

All That You Need To Know About Import Duty

Introduction:

Customs Act was passed by the parliament of India in the year 1962. Which gives the government of India the authority to levy a tax on goods imported from foreign country. Import duty is charged on the actual imported value of goods. In addition to this, GST (Goods and Services Tax) came into existence by replacing many forms of taxes which was very cumbersome in nature. After the introduction of GST, it drastically changed the overall taxation system. Under import, IGST (Integrated Goods & Services Tax) is charged and proceeds of which directly goes to the central government.

Different types of duties under customs:

Basic Customs Duty:

This is applicable to all goods falling under section 12 of the Customs Act. These are levies prescribed in the first schedule of the Customs Tariff Act 1975.

Countervailing Duty (CVD):

It is similar to central excise duty, this is charged on goods produced within the geographical boundaries of India. It is calculated on the aggregate value of the goods which include basic customs duty and landing charges.

Education Cess:

The goods are subject to higher education cess which will be charged at 2%

Anti-Dumping Policy:

This is levied when the value of the goods is less than the market price.

Calculation of taxes payable on import of goods:

Actual value of goods imported + Basic Customs Duty = value after customs duty × IGST Rate = Value after IGST

Customs Duty + IGST+GST Cess = Total value of duties payable on imports

Customs Duty Rates:

Depending on the nature of goods, the duty rates vary from 0% to 150%. At the same time, there are some goods which are exempt from paying import duty. Since rates are subject to change from time to time, you could refer to Central Board of Indirect Taxes & Customs

While you plan to import goods from China, you might probably find the above import formalities a little scary. Don’t worry, Oyeexpress is here to make your life easy. We have a specialized team who will take care of all import duty related formalities. You could reach out to us and leave the rest to us.

Read More: Click Here

[thehourmarkers]

A Comprehensive Guide For Calculating Customs Duty On Watches Imported In India

The world of watches, adorned with craftsmanship and precision, often finds itself traversing the boundaries of nations, unveiling a fascinating interplay of customs duties. The allure of a finely crafted timepiece is met with an intricate web of customs regulations. Across countries, a different plethora of duties awaits those who seek horological treasures.

Introduction to Customs Duty

Customs duty on imported goods, including watches, plays a pivotal role in regulating trade and protecting domestic markets. For importers, an accurate calculation of the customs duty is imperative. It directly influences the total expense of importing goods thereby affecting overall profitability.

We will offer an all-encompassing guide on the intricacies of computing customs duty for imported watches in India. It will elucidate the various categories of customs duty, delve into the influencing factors of the calculation and furnish practical tips and examples to enhance your understanding of the procedure.

Luxury watches imports in India grew over 21% in the first half of 2023 reaching $100 million, reported by Mint

Types of Custom Duties Applicable on Watches

In India, imported watches are subject to customs duty in accordance with the Customs Act of 1962 and its associated regulations. This encompasses a spectrum of duties, including but not limited to the following:

Basic Customs Duty (BCD):

The BCD is a percentage-based duty applied to the assessable value of the watch. The assessable value of the goods is determined by summing the cost of the item/s along with the incurred expenses for insurance and freight during the transportation to India.

Customs AIDC:

The Agriculture Infrastructure and Development Cess (AIDC) is imposed on certain goods including wristwatches when imported in India.Top of Form

Additional Customs Duty (ACD):

Additional Customs Duty or Countervailing Duty (CD) is imposed at a rate equivalent to the applicable excise duty on similar goods manufactured in India. It is calculated on BCD.

Social Welfare Surcharge (SWC):

SWC is imposed at 10% of the combined amount of duties, taxes and cesses. This surcharge is intended to bolster the Government's dedication to enhancing education, healthcare and social security initiatives.

Integrated Goods and Services Tax (IGST):

IGST is a tax levied on the total value of the imported watch. It is calculated as 18% of the assessable value plus the duties, taxes and cesses.

Swiss luxury timepieces have captured the interest of enthusiasts across India and esteemed brands seize the flourishing market prospects to attract sales with exclusive timepieces, such as this Vacheron Constantin Overseas Timepiece for India

Calculating Customs Duty for Watch Imports

To compute customs duty for imported watches in India, importers must furnish essential documents, including the bill of entry, invoice, packing list and insurance records. Subsequently, customs authorities assess the value of the goods, such as the assessable value and CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight), to determine the applicable customs duty.

Similar to various asset classes, Indians are presently making substantial investments in luxury watches. Timepieces like the Patek Philippe 5236P with an in-line display perpetual calendar offer attractive ROI. Despite a 25% price increase for luxury watches in India, the demands face a consistent surge

Similar to various asset classes, Indians are presently making substantial investments in luxury watches. Timepieces like the Patek Philippe 5236P with an in-line display perpetual calendar offer attractive ROI. Despite a 25% price increase for luxury watches in India, the demands face a consistent surge

Factors Influencing Calculation of Customs Duty

The calculation of customs duty is a nuanced process influenced by a myriad of the following factors:

Value of the Item:

The value of the imported item is ascertained by combining the expenses related to the goods, encompassing the cost of the item, insurance charges and the freight charges associated with its transportation to India.

Country of Origin:

As certain nations hold distinct trade agreements and tariff rates with India, the country of origin influences the customs duty calculation.

Classification of Items:

The Harmonized System of Nomenclature (HSN) codes are used to classify goods imported in India. Wristwatches are specifically categorized under clocks and watches and parts thereof.

Their classification as Tariff Item HSN codes 9101 / 9102 and standard rates of duty are defined as under:

Source, Central Board of Indirect Taxes & Customs

Steps for Calculation of Customs Duty for Watches Imported in India

Here is a step-by-step guide on how to calculate the applicable custom duty levied on wristwatch imports:

Determine the Assessable Value of the wristwatch or its CIF:

This is derived by summing the cost of the items, along with the incurred insurance and freight charges.

Identify Applicable Customs Duty Rates and GST Duty:

Identify the applicable Basic Custom Duty (BCD), Customs AIDC, Social Welfare Surcharge (SWC) and IGST Levy based upon classification as per HSN codes.

Calculate Duty:

Calculate the Total Duty percentage by adding all applicable custom duty rates.

The Indian Customs Electronic Gateway (ICEGATE) portal offers a calculator for determining the structure of duty for wristwatches.

Here is a sample calculation of customs duty of a wristwatch imported in India from Switzerland with an assessable value of Rs. 2,00,000:

 Total Duty Amount on a wristwatch import with Assessable Value of Rs. 2,00,000:

Source, Central Board of Indirect Taxes & Customs

Basic Customs Duty (BCD) + Customs AIDC + Social Welfare Surcharge (SWC) + IGST Levy

20% (of assessable value) + 20% (of BCD) + 20% (of BCD + AIDC) + 18% (of assessable value + BCD + AIDC + SWC)

40,000 + 8,000 + 4,800 + 45,504 = 98,304 or 49.152% (of assessable value)

Import Duty Exemptions

There might be exemptions or reduced duties for certain categories of watches, based on trade agreements or specific government policies.

Influence on the Watch Market

The imposition of customs duty holds the power to steer the direction of the watch market. Whether it prompts a surge in the demand for domestic alternatives or continues to drive the pursuit of international luxury timepieces is a fascinating aspect to observe.

In 2021, luxury watch imports experienced a notable 19% growth, propelling India beyond nations like Kuwait, Ireland, Bahrain, Belgium, Portugal, Greece and Malaysia. However, waiting periods for sought-after brands such as A. Lange & Söhne persist, extending into periods of months or even years

Impact on Collectors and Enthusiasts

For those passionate about horology, customs duty becomes a pivotal consideration in the pursuit of their coveted timepieces. Some might explore avenues to acquire their desired watches within the confines of duty regulations, while others may weigh the options differently.

The pursuit of an exquisite timepiece isn’t merely about its mechanics or brand - it’s a narrative woven with passion, regulations and the essence of time itself.

[chemanalystdata]

Cold Rolled Sheet Prices Trend, Database, Index, News, Chart, Forecast

 Cold rolled sheet prices are a crucial metric in the steel industry, reflecting market trends, supply and demand dynamics, and broader economic conditions. These prices have experienced significant fluctuations over the past few years, driven by a variety of factors including raw material costs, global trade policies, and shifts in manufacturing demand. As manufacturers and suppliers navigate these changes, understanding the underlying factors influencing cold rolled sheet prices becomes essential for making informed business decisions.

One of the primary drivers of cold rolled sheet prices is the cost of raw materials, particularly hot rolled steel. Since cold rolling is a process that involves passing hot rolled steel through rollers to achieve a thinner and smoother finish, any increase in the price of hot rolled steel directly impacts the cost of cold rolled sheets. Over the past decade, raw material prices have been influenced by various factors including mining costs, global steel production levels, and geopolitical events that disrupt supply chains. For instance, fluctuations in iron ore prices, a key ingredient in steel production, have had a direct impact on cold rolled sheet prices.

Another significant factor affecting cold rolled sheet prices is the balance of supply and demand in the market. When demand for steel products rises, either due to economic growth or increased manufacturing activity, prices tend to go up. Conversely, during periods of economic downturn or decreased industrial activity, demand for steel products drops, leading to lower prices. In recent years, the steel industry has also been impacted by changes in automotive production, construction projects, and consumer goods manufacturing, all of which heavily rely on cold rolled steel sheets. The global automotive industry, for example, is a major consumer of cold rolled sheets, and shifts in car production volumes can significantly influence prices.

Get Real Time Prices of Cold Rolled Sheet: https://www.chemanalyst.com/Pricing-data/cold-rolled-sheet-1581

Global trade policies and tariffs also play a crucial role in determining cold rolled sheet prices. Trade tensions between major steel-producing and steel-consuming countries can lead to the imposition of tariffs and quotas, disrupting traditional supply chains and causing price volatility. For example, the tariffs imposed by the United States on steel imports under Section 232 have had a ripple effect on global steel markets, influencing prices not only in the U.S. but also in other countries as market participants adjust to new trade barriers. Similarly, anti-dumping measures and countervailing duties imposed by various countries to protect their domestic steel industries can lead to price fluctuations in the global market.

Technological advancements and production efficiencies in steel manufacturing also impact cold rolled sheet prices. Innovations in production processes, such as the development of more efficient rolling mills and automation, can reduce production costs, thereby lowering prices. On the other hand, investments in new technologies and upgrades to existing facilities require capital expenditure, which can temporarily increase production costs and, consequently, prices. Additionally, environmental regulations and sustainability initiatives are increasingly influencing steel production practices. Compliance with stricter environmental standards may involve additional costs for steel producers, which could be passed on to consumers in the form of higher prices for cold rolled sheets.

Market sentiment and speculative activities are other factors that can influence cold rolled sheet prices. Investor sentiment towards the steel industry, influenced by economic indicators and forecasts, can drive speculative trading in steel futures and other financial instruments linked to steel prices. These speculative activities can lead to short-term price fluctuations, adding another layer of complexity to the market dynamics.

Moreover, regional variations in supply and demand can lead to differences in cold rolled sheet prices across different markets. For example, Asia, particularly China, is a major producer and consumer of steel products, and changes in Chinese production levels and consumption patterns can have a significant impact on global prices. Similarly, regional economic conditions, such as infrastructure development projects in emerging markets, can drive local demand for cold rolled sheets, influencing prices in those regions.

In conclusion, cold rolled sheet prices are influenced by a complex interplay of factors including raw material costs, supply and demand dynamics, global trade policies, technological advancements, environmental regulations, market sentiment, and regional variations. Understanding these factors is crucial for industry participants to navigate the market effectively and make informed business decisions. As the steel industry continues to evolve, staying abreast of these influences will be key to anticipating price trends and managing the associated risks.

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4 Factors that Affects the Price of SS Plates in India

Stainless steel sheets are unique to various industries, e.g. building and construction, food processing, manufacturing or pharmacy, but these are widespread among all industries. The Indian economy as seen the construction is in full swing with the economy on a growth path and the country moving ahead with its infrastructural development.

Although fluctuations in the market for stainless steel plates occur from time to time depending on market dynamics, businesses should be additionally aware of this. The current article will cover four of the major price-affecting factors in the stainless steel plates in India.

1. Raw Material Costs

The cost of raw materials (main factor) primarily affects the price of stainless steel. Stainless steel is an alloy conglomeration formed using iron, chromium, nickel, and other elements. While in the case of stainless steel plates it is usually raw materials which drive the main cost of the product, among them, the nickel price is the most important factor influencing the total manufacturing cost. Nickel is used in structural metals like grade 304 and 316 stainless steels more than any other metal, and its price volatility directly causes the highest fluctuations in the prices of these plates in the market. As the nickel price rises, so does the price of stainless steel plates that are almost synonymous with metal.

2. Global Market Demand and Supply

The global marketplace and its dynamics regarding demand and supply matters big time when it concerns the pricing of stainless steel plates in India. To the extent that there is a strong global demand for stainless steel, this limits the amount of supplies and triggers fierce competition among producers. Prices go up as a result. With the potential imbalance of international market coprings, frequent monitoring of market conditions improves decision-making when purchasing stainless steel plates.

3. Manufacturing and Processing Costs

The raw material and labour expenses associated with producing stainless steel plates are among the causes of the high price in this industry. For example, energy expenses, labour costs, and shipment charges can all contribute to total production overheads. Breakthroughs in process technologies and those that produce efficiency improvements can lower manufacturing costs, but they could also require considerable upfront expenses. Furthermore, the steel grade comes into the light, such as duplex 2205 plate or super duplex 2507, which may intensify the manufacturing complexity to attain that particular quality, so similar factors could increase the price.

4. Government Policies and Regulations

The policies and laws designed by the government can greatly influence the price of stainless steel plates in India. The duties of imports, customs, and trade agreements may impact commodity prices and the finished goods' prices. Such as a change in tariffs for importing nickel or chromium as basic materials on stainless steel plates will directly impact the price of the stainless steel plates. Nevertheless, government programs to protect the domestic steel sector, such as subsidies or countervailing measures, can greatly affect the market prices of steel. Awareness of state policies is among the most important factors that every business dealing with stainless steel plates in India should consider.

Conclusion

For an organization, understanding the factors influencing the price of an Indian stainless steel plate is the key to sensible purchase. At Nitron Alloys, we are a leading stainless steel 304 plate supplier and stainless steel 316 plate supplier in India; here, we closely monitor the market situations and behaviours in order to offer our customers better pricing and high quality With our industry depth and strong supply chains that we have built we can respond favourably to price fluctuations.