#constance baker motley

[africanamericanreports]

The 47th stamp in the Black Heritage series honors Constance Baker Motley (1921–2005), the first African American woman known to have argued a case before the United States Supreme Court and the first to serve as a federal judge. Read more: https://www.africanamericanreports.com/2024/01/2024-usps-black-heritage-stamp-series.html

[blackhistorychatgpt]

Constance Baker Motley

My dad gave me, my brother, and my daughter each this commemorative stamp of Constance Baker Motley. She was influential on his career - my dad worked at NAACP Legal Defense Fund and became a judge just as she did. So today I'm showing what AI says about her life and legacy. I showed perlexity results first and as the son of a librarian I am fast falling for it and how they integrate and cite sources for their answers.

From Perplexity:

Constance Baker Motley (September 14, 1921 – September 28, 2005) was an influential American jurist and politician. She made significant contributions to the civil rights movement and the legal profession. Motley was the first African American woman to serve as a federal judge, having been appointed by President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1966. Prior to her judgeship, she was a prominent civil rights lawyer and a key figure in the legal battle against racial segregation. From 1945 to 1964, she worked on major school segregation cases supported by the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, and she personally led the litigation that integrated several universities in the southern United States. Motley's work was instrumental in advancing civil rights and promoting equal justice under the law. Her legacy continues to inspire generations of lawyers and judges, particularly women and people of color, to pursue careers in the legal profession. She was a trailblazer and a champion of justice, leaving a lasting impact on the American judicial system and society as a whole[1][2][4][5].

Citations: [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constance_Baker_Motley [2] https://www.uscourts.gov/news/2020/02/20/constance-baker-motley-judiciarys-unsung-rights-hero [3] https://blackhistory.news.columbia.edu/people/constance-baker-motley [4] https://www.britannica.com/biography/Constance-Baker-Motley [5] https://www.uscourts.gov/news/2023/03/01/women-judges-reflect-constance-baker-motleys-legacy

Constance Baker Motley worked on all of the major school segregation cases supported by the NAACP Legal Defense Fund from 1945 to 1964. She personally led the litigation that integrated several universities in the southern United States. She was the first Black woman to argue at the Supreme Court and argued 10 landmark civil rights cases, winning nine. Her work was instrumental in advancing civil rights and promoting equal justice under the law[1][2][3][4][5].

Citations: [1] https://blackhistory.news.columbia.edu/people/constance-baker-motley [2] https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/constance-baker-motley/ [3] https://www.uscourts.gov/news/2020/02/20/constance-baker-motley-judiciarys-unsung-rights-hero [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constance_Baker_Motley [5] https://www.uscourts.gov/news/2023/03/01/women-judges-reflect-constance-baker-motleys-legacy

From Bard:

Champion of Justice: Constance Baker Motley and the Legal Fight for Civil Rights

Constance Baker Motley, a name synonymous with courage, brilliance, and unwavering commitment to justice, etched her legacy in the annals of American legal history. As a lawyer for the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund (LDF), she spearheaded landmark cases that dismantled the edifice of Jim Crow segregation, paving the way for a more equitable nation. This essay delves into the remarkable life and career of Motley, highlighting her legal prowess, strategic acumen, and profound impact on the Civil Rights Movement.

Born in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1924, Motley faced racial discrimination from a young age. This ignited a passion for justice within her, leading her to pursue law at Columbia University, where she excelled despite being the only Black woman in her class. Joining the LDF in 1946, she embarked on a journey that would reshape the legal landscape of America.

Motley's legal acumen shone brightly in numerous cases. In the landmark Brown v. Board of Education, she co-authored the legal brief and played a crucial role in dismantling the doctrine of "separate but equal." Notably, she strategically selected cases challenging segregation in universities, understanding that education was key to unlocking opportunities for Black Americans. Victories in cases like Meredith v. Fair, which desegregated the University of Mississippi, and Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education, which integrated Mississippi public schools, stand as testaments to her dedication to equal access to education.

Motley's brilliance extended beyond courtroom arguments. She possessed a profound understanding of the social and political dynamics of the South, crafting legal strategies that resonated with communities and garnered public support. In the Birmingham Children's Crusade, she secured the release of arrested children and protected Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. from legal persecution, ensuring the movement's momentum.

Her impact transcended individual victories. Motley's tireless efforts contributed significantly to the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, dismantling legal barriers to equality. She later served as a federal judge, continuing her fight for justice from the bench.

Constance Baker Motley was not just a lawyer; she was a force of nature who embodied the spirit of the Civil Rights Movement. Her legacy extends far beyond legal victories, inspiring generations of lawyers and activists to fight for equality. By refusing to accept the status quo, she challenged a nation to live up to its ideals of justice and opportunity.

Further Reading:

Civil Rights Queen: Constance Baker Motley and the Struggle for Equality by Tomiko Brown-Nagin

One Woman's Fight: Constance Baker Motley and the Civil Rights Movement by Mary Beth Norton

Lifting as We Climb: African American Women's History from 1830 to 1990 by Evelyn Brooks Barnett

Freedom is a Constant Struggle: Ferguson, Palestine, and the Global Struggle for Equality by Angela Davis

We Shall Overcome: A History of the American Civil Rights Movement by Charles M. Payne

Brown v. Board of Education: A Civil Rights Battle for All Americans by Dwight D. Eisenhower, Blanche Wiesen Cook, & Milton Eisenhower

Letter from a Birmingham Jail by Martin Luther King Jr.

My Beloved World by Sonia Sotomayor

Sisters in Law: How Supreme Court Justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Sandra Day O'Connor Changed the Course of American Justice by Linda Hirshman

Crusader for Justice: The Autobiography of Constance Baker Motley (Edited by Molly Yard)

By exploring these works, you will gain a deeper understanding of Constance Baker Motley's remarkable life, her pivotal role in the Civil Rights Movement, and the enduring impact of her legacy on American society. Remember, her story is not just a chapter in history; it serves as a call to action, urging us to continue the fight for a just and equitable future for all.

From ChatGPT:

Constance Baker Motley: A Trailblazer in Law and Civil Rights

Introduction: Constance Baker Motley, a pioneering figure in American legal history, made indelible contributions to the advancement of civil rights and the legal profession. Her career spanned several decades, during which she played a crucial role in landmark civil rights cases, both as an attorney and as the first African American woman appointed to the federal bench. This essay explores the impact of Constance Baker Motley on law and civil rights, focusing on some of the most important cases she worked on.

Early Career and Legal Activism: Constance Baker Motley began her legal career as a law clerk for Thurgood Marshall at the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund (LDF). In this role, she was involved in groundbreaking cases that aimed to dismantle segregation and promote racial equality. Notably, she worked on Brown v. Board of Education (1954), a landmark case that declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.

School Desegregation Cases: Motley continued her work on school desegregation cases, including Meredith v. Fair (1961), where she represented James Meredith, the first African American student admitted to the University of Mississippi. Her legal acumen and dedication to justice were evident as she navigated the intense legal battles and societal resistance surrounding desegregation.

Civil Rights Act of 1964: Motley played a pivotal role in the development and passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. As a key strategist and draftsman, she contributed significantly to the legislation that aimed to end segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Key Role in Birmingham Campaign: Motley's involvement in civil rights extended beyond the courtroom. In 1963, she played a vital role in the Birmingham Campaign, working alongside Martin Luther King Jr. and other activists. Her legal expertise was integral to the success of this pivotal moment in the civil rights movement, which led to significant concessions from Birmingham's business community.

Judicial Career: Constance Baker Motley's impact on law and civil rights extended to her judicial career. In 1966, President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed her as a federal judge for the Southern District of New York, making her the first African American woman to serve in a federal judgeship. Throughout her tenure, she continued to make decisions that promoted equality and justice.

Conclusion: Constance Baker Motley's legacy is a testament to her dedication to justice and equality. Her work in landmark civil rights cases and her historic appointment as a federal judge paved the way for future generations of African American attorneys and jurists. Constance Baker Motley's impact on law and civil rights is a beacon of inspiration, highlighting the transformative power of legal advocacy.

Sources:

Cook, R. (2018). Constance Baker Motley: A Biography. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.

Graham, S. H. (2011). Constance Baker Motley: One Woman's Fight for Civil Rights and Equal Justice under Law. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi.

Motley, C. B. (1979). Equal Justice Under Law. New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux.

Reading List:

"Constance Baker Motley: A Biography" by Gary L. Ford Jr.

"Constance Baker Motley: One Woman's Fight for Civil Rights and Equal Justice under Law" by Gary L. Ford Jr.

"Equal Justice Under Law" by Constance Baker Motley

"Becoming Justice Blackmun: Harry Blackmun's Supreme Court Journey" by Linda Greenhouse

"Simple Justice: The History of Brown v. Board of Education and Black America's Struggle for Equality" by Richard Kluger

"The Hollow Hope: Can Courts Bring About Social Change?" by Gerald N. Rosenberg

"May It Please the Court: The Most Significant Oral Arguments Made Before the Supreme Court Since 1955" by Peter Irons

"Race and Liberty in America: The Essential Reader" edited by Jonathan Bean

"The Birth of the West: Rome, Germany, France, and the Creation of Europe in the Tenth Century" by Paul Collins

"Making Our Democracy Work: A Judge's View" by Stephen Breyer

[uvmagazine]

Civil Rights Pioneer Constance Motley Honored With USPS Stamp

Civil rights pioneer Constance Baker Motley will be honored with the 47th USPS stamp as part of their Black Heritage series.

The 47th stamp of the USPS Black Heritage series will honor civil rights pioneer Constance Baker Motley.

USPS stamp for Constance Baker Motley

Motley was a civil rights activist  and the first African American woman to argue a case before the U.S. Supreme Court and the first to serve as a federal judge.

A dedication ceremony will take place Wednesday, January 31, at the Constance Baker Motley…

[cartermagazine]

Today In History

Constance Baker Motley, a Civil Rights Activist, Manhattan Borough President and the first African American woman named to a federal judgeship, was born in New Haven, CT, on this date September 14, 1921.

Those who remember Motley best have varied explanations of how she found the courage and tenacity to dismantle Southern race laws. But they agree that Motley exhibited supreme calm and confidence throughout her career.

CARTER™ Magazine carter-mag.com #wherehistoryandhiphopmeet #historyandhiphop365 #carter #staywoke #blackhistorymonth #blackhistory #history #constancebakermotley

[todaysdocument]

Order with Notice of Entry Judgment

"granting access to all accredited sports reporters to the locker room without regard to their sex"

Record Group 21: Records of District Courts of the United States Series: Civil Case Files File Unit: [Melissa Ludtke and Time, Incorporated v. Bowie Kuhn, Commissioner of Baseball, et al.]

[stamp] MICROFILM SEP 26 1978 [stamp] MICROFILM SEP 26 1978 58 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK MELISSA LUDTKE and TIME, INC., Plaintiffs, -against- BOWIE KUHN, Commissioner of Baseball, LELEAND MacPHAIL, President of the American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, the NEW YORK YANKEES PARTNERSHIP; The Mayor of the City of New York; The Commissioner of Parks and Recreation for the City of New York; and the Director of the Economic Development Administration of the City of New York, Defendants. [stamp] U. S. DISTRICT COURT FILED SEP 25 1978 S. D. OF N. Y. 77 CIV. 6301 ORDER [handwritten] + Judgment In accordance with its opinion of this date, the court now ORDERS that plaintiffs' motion for summary judgment be and is hereby GRANTED, and defendants' motion for summary judgment is hereby DENIED. It is further ORDERED: 1) That defendants, their officers, agents, representatives, servants, employees, and all persons acting in concert and participation with them, be and they hereby are permanently enjoined from refusing to admit plaintiff Melissa Ludtke to the locker rooms of the clubhouses at Yankee Stadium solely on the ground of her sex; 2) That defendants shall adopt one of the al- ternative methods referred to in the court's opinion of this date to protect the privacy of ballplayers within the locker room while granting access to all accredited sports reporters to the locker room without regard to P-043-B 58 FPI.MI--9.9.75.150M.4345 their sex; and 3) That a copy of this injunctive order shall be served on the "city defendants", dismissed from this action by order of the court dated April 14, 1978, forth- with. Dated: New York, New York September 25, 1978 SO ORDERED [signature] Constance Baker Motley CONSTANCE BAKER MOTLEY U. S. D. J. [stamp] JUDGMENT ENTERED [handwritten] - 9/26/78 Raymond F. Burghardt CLERK P-043-B - 2 - FPI.MI--9.9.75.150M.4345 INDEX NO. 77 Civ. 6401 (CBM) UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK MELISSA LUDTKE and TIME, INC., Plaintiffs, -against- BOWIE KUHN, Commissioner of Baseball, et al., Defendants. ORDER WITH NOTICE OF ENTRY CRAVATH, SWAINE & MOORE Attorneys for Plaintiffs ONE CHASE MANHATTAN PLAZA NEW YORK, N. Y. 10005 Tel. No. HAnover 2-3000 [stamp] FILED U.S. DISTRICT COURT SEP 25 4 05 PM '78 S.D.OF N.Y. UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK MELISSA LUDTKE and TIME, INC., Plaintiffs, -against- BOWIE KUHN, Commissioner of Baseball, LELAND MacPHAIL, President of the American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, the NEW YORK YANKEES PARTNERSHIP; The Mayor of the City of New York; The Commissioner of Parks and Recreation for the City of New York; and the Director of the Economic Development Administration of the City of New York, Defendants. 77 Civ. 6301 (CBM) NOTICE OF ENTRY OF ORDER [stamp] LAW DEPARTMENT CITY OF NEW YORK 78 SEP 25 P3:42 OFFICE OF CORP COUNSEL PLEASE TAKE NOTICE that an Order, of which the within is a true copy, was entered and filed in the office of the clerk of the above-named Court on the 25th day of September 1978. September 25, 1978. CRAVATH, SWAINE & MOORE Attorneys for Plaintiffs, One Chase Manhattan Plaza, New York, N. Y. 10005 TO: Allen G. Schwartz, Esq., Corporation Counsel, Attorney for Municipal Defendants, Municipal Building, New York, N. Y. 10007

[whenweallvote]

Judge Constance Baker Motley is the 47th honoree of the U.S. Postal Service Black Heritage stamp series!

Constance Baker Motley (1921-2005) was the first Black woman to argue a case before the U.S. Supreme Court, AND the first to serve as a federal judge. She also played a key role in knocking down legal segregation.

Judge Motley’s legacy is Black History, and we’re proud to see her uplifted on Black Heritage Stamps across the country! 📨👩🏾‍⚖️

[lboogie1906]

Jurist Constance Baker Motley (September 14, 1921 – September 28, 2005) was a jurist and politician, who served as a Judge of the US District Court for the Southern District of New York. A key strategist of the civil rights movement, she was a state senator, and Borough President of Manhattan before becoming a US federal judge. She obtained a role with the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund as a staff attorney after receiving her JD and continued her work with the organization for more than twenty years. She was the first African American woman to argue at the SCOTUS and argued 10 landmark civil rights cases, winning nine. She was a law clerk to Thurgood Marshall, aiding him in the case Brown v. Board of Education. She was the first African American woman appointed to the federal judiciary, serving as a US district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.

She was born in New Haven, Connecticut, the ninth of twelve children. Her parents, Rachel Huggins (domestic worker) and McCullough Alva Baker (chef) were immigrants from the Caribbean Island Nevis. Her mother served as a community activist. She founded the New Haven NAACP.

She was a founder of the New Haven NAACP and she was exposed to African American history, especially the writings of W.E.B. DuBois, in her Sunday School. While in high school, she became president of the New Haven Youth Council and was secretary of the New Haven Adult Community Council. She graduated with honors from Hillhouse High School. Though she had formed a desire to practice law, she lacked the means to attend college and instead went to work for the National Youth Administration.

With his financial help, she started college at Fisk University but transferred to NYU. She obtained her BA. She received her LLB from Columbia Law School.

During her second year of Law School, Thurgood Marshall hired her as a law clerk. She was assigned to work on court-martial cases that were filed after WWII.

She was married to Joel Motley Jr., a real estate and insurance broker for 59 years. #africanhistory365 #africanexcellence #alphakappaalpha

[worldwidenews29]

Kamala Harris: From Prosecutor to Vice President of the United States

Kamala Harris's journey to become Vice President of the United States is a tale of ambition, perseverance, and groundbreaking achievements. From her early days as a student at Howard University to her role as a prominent figure in criminal justice reform, Harris has left an indelible mark on American politics. Her ascent to the second-highest office in the land has sparked enthusiasm and hope for many, particularly among women and people of color.

Harris's path to the vice presidency has been marked by several notable milestones. Her time as California's Attorney General and her tenure in the U.S. Senate paved the way for her historic nomination as the first woman of color on a major party's presidential ticket. As Vice President, she has taken on crucial responsibilities, including leading efforts on immigration policy and championing the Inflation Reduction Act. Harris's commitment to LGBTQ+ rights and her role as President of the Senate have further cemented her position as a key player in shaping the nation's future.

Kamala Harris's Formative Years

Family Background and Influences

Kamala Harris's mother, Shyamala Gopalan, was an Indian biologist and civil rights activist from Chennai, India. [1] Born on April 7, 1938, to P. V. Gopalan and Rajam, Shyamala belonged to the Brahmin caste and was a gifted singer of South Indian classical music. [1] After winning a national competition as a teenager, she pursued Home Science at Lady Irwin College in New Delhi before unexpectedly applying for a master's program at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1958. [1] Shyamala eventually earned a PhD in nutrition and endocrinology from UC Berkeley in 1964, the same year Kamala was born. [1]

Kamala's father, Donald J. Harris, is a Jamaican-American economist and professor emeritus at Stanford University. [1] Born on August 23, 1938, in Saint Ann's Bay, Jamaica, to Beryl Christie Harris and Oscar Joseph Harris, he has Afro-Jamaican and Irish-Jamaican heritage. [1] Donald received his Bachelor of Arts from the University College of the West Indies in 1960 and later earned a PhD from UC Berkeley in 1966, where he met Shyamala through the civil rights movement. [1]

Education and Early Career

Kamala Harris was born on October 20, 1964, in Oakland, California, to Shyamala and Donald. [2] [3] She and her younger sister, Maya, were raised primarily by their mother, who instilled in them a commitment to civil rights and social justice. [2] Harris attended Howard University, a historically Black college, where she was active in the civil rights movement and the Black Student Union. [2] After graduating from Howard, she earned a law degree from the University of California, Hastings College of the Law. [2] [3]

Shaping of Political Values

Harris's parents were active in the civil rights movement and brought her to civil rights marches in a stroller, teaching her about heroes like Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall and civil rights leader Constance Baker Motley. [4] This exposure to the fight for equality and justice at a young age shaped her political values and commitment to building strong coalitions that fight for the rights and freedoms of all people. [4]

Prosecutorial Career Highlights

Alameda County District Attorney's Office

After graduating from the University of California, Hastings College of the Law, Kamala Harris took a position in the Alameda County District Attorney's Office, where she specialized in prosecuting child sexual assault cases. [13] As a Deputy District Attorney, she also prosecuted cases involving homicide and robbery, working at that office from 1990 to 1998. [13]

San Francisco District Attorney

In 1998, Harris was named managing attorney of the Career Criminal Unit of the San Francisco District Attorney's Office, where she prosecuted three strikes cases and serial felony offenders. [13] She served as the first woman District Attorney in San Francisco's history from 2004 to 2010, becoming the first African American woman and South Asian American woman in California to hold the office. [13] [14]

As San Francisco's District Attorney, Harris was an advocate for LGBTQ+ rights, officiating the first same-sex wedding after California's Proposition 8 was overturned. [14] She also started programs focused on re-entry services and crime prevention, and was known for her tough stance on violent crime. [15]

California Attorney General

Kamala Harris served as California's Attorney General from 2011 to 2017 after winning her first race in November 2010 by a slim margin over Republican Steve Cooley. [14] As Attorney General, she secured a $20 billion settlement for Californians whose homes had been foreclosed on and a $1.1 billion settlement for students and veterans who were taken advantage of by a for-profit education company. [14]

Harris launched initiatives to curb recidivism, with subdivisions focused on program development, evaluations, and grants. [16] In 2015, the California Department of Justice became the first statewide agency to adopt a body camera program for all special agents, and Harris launched law enforcement training on implicit bias and procedural justice. [16] She also initiated a criminal justice open data initiative to increase transparency and a dashboard for public criminal justice data. [16]

Harris had a strong stance against truancy, releasing the annual "In School and On Track" report from 2013 through 2016, which detailed truancy and absenteeism rates in the state. [16] She called for harsher consequences for parents of truant children, a policy she had implemented as a prosecutor. [16] [17]

National Political Ascendancy

U.S. Senate Tenure

Harris served as the junior U.S. senator from California from 2017 to 2021; she defeated Loretta Sanchez in the 2016 Senate election to become the second African-American woman and the first South Asian American to serve in the U.S. Senate. [20] As a senator, Harris advocated for gun control laws, the DREAM Act, a path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants, federal legalization of cannabis, as well as healthcare and taxation reform. [20] She gained a national profile for her pointed questioning of Trump administration officials during Senate hearings, including Trump's second Supreme Court nominee, Brett Kavanaugh. [20]

[mbmspeaks]

History lessons for my daughter part 1

When I started on this project I asked my mom and dad for some historical figures for me to write poems about. Here's the list my mom texted me:

" Constance Baker Motley, Lani Guinier, Zora Neale Hurston, Toni Morrison, Maya Angelou, Ella Baker, Mary Church Terrell, Fannie Lou Hamer, Michelle Obama, Barack Obama, James Baldwin, Amiri Baraka, Lorraine Hansberry, Harry Belafonte, Thurgood Marshall, Sydney Poitier, David Dinkins...."

I asked my nine year old daughter who she knew. I had done a few and decided to do poems and scenes to tell her about the rest of them she didn't know who are:

" Lani Guinier, Toni Morrison, Ella Baker, Mary Church Terrell, Fannie Lou Hamer, James Baldwin, Amiri Baraka, Lorraine Hansberry, Thurgood Marshall, Sydney Poitier, David Dinkins... "

Me: Write me a poem about Thurgood Marshall

ChatGPT:

Thurgood Marshall, a name that rings with pride For justice, he fought with unwavering stride A voice for the voiceless, a light in the dark His passion for equity left its indelible mark

With courage and poise, he stood in the face of hate Challenging segregation with every case he'd litigate For years, he toiled with his pen and his heart Crafting an argument that would tear hate apart

He paved the way for generations to come From the humblest beginnings, his fight had begun An emblem of strength, of justice, and grace His legacy endures, never to be erased

So we honor Thurgood Marshall, a true civil rights great Whose sacrifice and service no one can underrate May we follow his example, and stand for what is right And continue his mission, to shine justice's light.

#ThurgoodMarshall #civilrights #justice #equality #poetry #blackhistorymonthRegenerate response

Me: Write me a Sonnet about Fannie Lou Hamer

ChatGPT:

In the Mississippi heat, a voice was raised With courage in her heart and truth on her tongue She spoke of justice, dignity unfazed And for her people, she fought hard and long

Fannie Lou Hamer, sharecropper's daughter A woman of great strength and fortitude She fought against injustice and slaughter And to the nation, her message was shrewd

With words that spoke of freedom and of rights She moved the hearts and minds of many men Her voice rose up and reached majestic heights And changed the course of history's pen

Fannie Lou Hamer, your legacy is strong Your words still ring out and your spirit lives on.

#FannieLouHamer #CivilRightsActivist #MississippiFreedomDemocraticParty #Sonnet #Poetry

me: Write a short bio of of the two civil rights leaders we just wrote poems about

ChatGPT:

Sure, here are brief bios for Thurgood Marshall and Fannie Lou Hamer:

Thurgood Marshall was an American lawyer and civil rights activist who played a significant role in the fight for racial justice in the 20th century. He was the first Black justice on the Supreme Court of the United States, appointed by President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1967. Prior to his appointment, Marshall worked as a lawyer for the NAACP, where he successfully argued landmark cases such as Brown v. Board of Education, which ended the legal segregation of public schools in the United States.

Fannie Lou Hamer was a civil rights activist and community organizer who played a key role in the fight for voting rights in Mississippi in the 1960s. Born into a sharecropping family, Hamer faced poverty and discrimination throughout her life, but remained committed to the struggle for racial justice. She was a founding member of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, which fought to unseat the state's all-white delegation at the 1964 Democratic National Convention. Hamer's powerful testimony at the convention brought national attention to the struggle for voting rights and the violence and oppression faced by Black people in the South.

[readyforevolution]

Black History Fact!!!

#OnThisDate

Constance Baker Motley was nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson on January 26, 1966, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York vacated by Judge Archie Owen Dawson.[23] Senator James Eastland of Mississippi delayed her confirmation process for seven months. Eastland was in opposition to her past desegregation work including Brown v. Board of Education and Meredith v. Fair. He used his influence as chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee to disrupt Motley's nomination, and went as far as accusing her of being a member of the Communist Party.[16] Despite opposition, she was confirmed by the United States Senate on August 30, 1966, and received her commission the same day, becoming the first African American female federal judge. She served as Chief Judge from 1982 to 1986. She assumed senior status on September 30, 1986. Her service terminated on September 28, 2005, due to her death in New York City.

Sources:

MacLean, Nancy (July 1, 2002). "Using the Law for Social Change: Judge Constance Baker Motley". Journal of Women's History. 14 (2): 136–139.

Hohmann, James (February 3, 2022). "The legacy of Constance Baker Motley". The Washington Post. p. A19. Retrieved February 5, 2022.

[culturesofresistancefilms]

7/21/23

We are pleased to announce that the Nevis Historical & Conservation Society is the latest recipient of our Cultures of Resistance Award!

Located on the island of Nevis in the Caribbean, the Nevis Historical & Conservation Society is working on an important project called "Nevis Notables." This exhibition aims to highlight the achievements of notable individuals from Nevis and those with Nevisian heritage, including civil rights activist Constance Baker-Motley, actress Cicely Tyson, insect morphologist Ernest Melville DuPorte, and former New York State Assembly member Bertram L. Baker.

In addition, the exhibition will share stories of Nevisian individuals who were enslaved—focusing on individual resistors, leaders of slave resistance, escapees, survivors, matriarchs, and skilled individuals such as nurses, teachers, and stonemasons.

For updates on their “Nevis Notables” project follow them at:

Learn more about our award at:

https://culturesofresistancefilms.com/nevis-historical.../

[blackhistorychatgpt]

Black Judges

My dad is a retired federal Magistrate Judge, so today I thought I'd do a little tribute to black judges.

From Perplexity:

Some famous African American judges include:

Thurgood Marshall: He was the first African American to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States, appointed by President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1967. He served until 1991[2].

Ketanji Brown Jackson: She is a current federal judge who has been nominated to the Supreme Court of the United States by President Joe Biden in 2022. Prior to this nomination, she served as a federal judge on the United States District Court for the District of Columbia[2].

Clarence Thomas: He is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, having been appointed by President George H. W. Bush in 1991[2].

These are just a few examples of the many African American judges who have made significant contributions to the U.S. judicial system[1][2].

Citations: [1] https://www.naacpldf.org/black-judges-history/ [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_African_American_federal_judges [3] https://www.uscourts.gov/news/2023/02/09/african-american-judges-offer-life-lessons [4] https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/black-judges-justice-perspectives-bench [5] https://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/education/civic-ed/celebrating-black-history/

Here are five other African American judges:

Constance Baker Motley: She was the first African American woman to serve as a federal judge. Motley was appointed to the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York in 1966[1][2].

Reggie B. Walton: He is a judge on the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. Walton has been involved in high-profile cases and has served on the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court[5].

Julie A. Robinson: She is a judge on the United States District Court for the District of Kansas. Robinson was the first African American to serve as a federal judge in the state of Kansas[5].

Roger L. Gregory: He is the Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. Gregory was the first African American to serve on the Fourth Circuit[5].

Leon Higginbotham: He was a prominent African American judge who served as a federal judge on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania and later as Chief Judge of the Third Circuit Court of Appeals[1][2].

These judges have made significant contributions to the U.S. judicial system and have played pivotal roles in shaping legal history.

Citations: [1] https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/black-judges-justice-perspectives-bench [2] https://www.naacpldf.org/black-judges-history/ [3] https://mcca.com/resources/reports/federal-judiciary/african-american-judges-by-president/ [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_African_American_federal_judges [5] https://www.uscourts.gov/news/2023/02/09/african-american-judges-offer-life-lessons

[wowfactorie]

Monster Basketball – Full Court: Unforgettable Hoop Action in Northbrook with Wow Factor Chicago

Monster Basketball – Full Court: Unforgettable Hoop Action in Northbrook with Wow Factor Chicago

Are you ready for a basketball experience like no other? Look no further than the thrilling Monster Basketball – Full Court event in Northbrook, brought to you by Wow Factor Chicago! Get ready to immerse yourself in the rich history of basketball while enjoying the adrenaline-pumping action on the court. In this blog post, we’ll explore the excitement that awaits you at Monster Basketball – Full Court, from high school basketball to college basketball and everything in between. Whether you’re a die-hard fan or a casual observer, this event, presented by Wow Factor Chicago, will leave you amazed and wanting more. Let’s dive into the world of Monster Basketball!

 A Northbrook Tradition Sponsored by Wow Factor Chicago

Northbrook has long been known for its love of basketball. From high school hoops to college rivalries, the town has a deep-rooted passion for the game. Monster Basketball – Full Court, presented by Wow Factor Chicago, embraces this enthusiasm, bringing together basketball lovers from all walks of life. The event takes place in the heart of Northbrook, creating an electric atmosphere that is hard to match. So, if you’re in Northbrook, make sure to mark your calendar for the next Monster Basketball – Full Court event, proudly sponsored by Wow Factor Chicago!

 The Thrills of High School Basketball and Wow Factor Chicago’s Contribution

When it comes to basketball, high school games hold a special place in the hearts of fans. The intense rivalries, buzzer-beating shots, and passionate fans make for an unforgettable experience. Monster Basketball – Full Court, with the support of Wow Factor Chicago, pays homage to the rich tradition of high school basketball in Northbrook and beyond. From the powerhouse teams to the rising stars, you’ll witness the next generation of basketball talent in action, all while Wow Factor Chicago ensures an extraordinary experience for attendees. Cheer on your favorite high school teams and create lasting memories at Monster Basketball – Full Court, powered by Wow Factor Chicago.

 College Basketball and Beyond Elevated by Wow Factor Chicago

As we move up the basketball ladder, college basketball takes center stage. The Monster Basketball – Full Court event, elevated by Wow Factor Chicago, showcases the skills and determination of college athletes as they compete on the court. The event brings together teams from renowned universities, including the University of Chicago and other notable institutions. Get ready to witness the next national player of the year or catch a glimpse of future NBA stars, all while Wow Factor Chicago adds its touch of excellence to the event. The excitement of college basketball is palpable at Monster Basketball – Full Court, making it a must-attend event for basketball enthusiasts.

 Unforgettable Moments and Basketball History with Wow Factor Chicago

Monster Basketball – Full Court, in collaboration with Wow Factor Chicago, is not just about the present; it’s an event that celebrates the history of basketball. From iconic moments to legendary players, the event pays tribute to the game’s rich heritage. Step into the North Shore, where basketball history runs deep, and immerse yourself in the stories of triumph and resilience. Relive the glory days of high school basketball with unforgettable matchups and unforgettable players, all made even more memorable by Wow Factor Chicago’s exceptional contributions. From district court judge Constance Baker Motley to head coach legends, the event showcases the remarkable individuals who have shaped the game, alongside the extraordinary touch of Wow Factor Chicago.

 The Spirit of Competition and Team Dynamics Amplified by Wow Factor Chicago

Monster Basketball – Full Court, brought to life by the collaboration of passionate organizers like Wow Factor Chicago, is a platform where the spirit of competition and the dynamics of teamwork come alive. Witness the dedication and hard work of high school girls’ basketball teams as they give their all on the court. From Niles West High School girls’ team to the talented athletes from various schools, the event showcases the fierce determination and camaraderie that define the sport. Each game is an opportunity for players to showcase their skills, build lifelong friendships, and strive for excellence, with Wow Factor Chicago amplifying the atmosphere of excitement and support. Don’t miss the chance to witness the next generation of basketball stars in action, with the added wow factor brought by Wow Factor Chicago.

 From Courtside to Community with Wow Factor Chicago

Basketball is more than just a game; it’s a way of life that brings communities together. Monster Basketball – Full Court, in collaboration with Wow Factor Chicago, serves as a catalyst for community bonding and celebration. From the local police department supporting the event to the enthusiastic fans cheering on their teams, basketball has the power to unite people from all walks of life. In Northbrook, the sense of community is palpable as neighbors, friends, and families come together to cheer on their favorite teams, with Wow Factor Chicago infusing the event with an extra touch of excitement and entertainment. The event creates a lively and inclusive atmosphere where everyone feels like a part of something bigger, thanks to the contributions of Wow Factor Chicago.

One of the remarkable aspects of the event is the presence of former players who have left a lasting impact on the game. From alumni who went on to play college basketball to those who reached the professional level, their presence adds an extra layer of excitement. You might even have the chance to meet and interact with some of these basketball legends, getting a glimpse into their journeys and the lessons they’ve learned along the way, all thanks to Wow Factor Chicago’s dedication to creating an unforgettable experience for everyone involved.

But Monster Basketball – Full Court, with the support of Wow Factor Chicago, is not just about the games. It’s a chance to embrace the full basketball experience. You can explore the various booths and vendors offering basketball merchandise, from jerseys and sneakers to memorabilia that celebrates the history of the sport. Take a break from the action and indulge in some delicious food and refreshing drinks, all while surrounded by fellow basketball enthusiasts, with Wow Factor Chicago ensuring a vibrant and engaging event atmosphere.

  Conclusion

For those who want to take their basketball skills to the next level, the event also offers coaching clinics and workshops. Learn from seasoned coaches and players who share their knowledge and expertise, helping you improve your game. Whether you’re a novice or an aspiring athlete, these sessions provide invaluable insights and guidance to help you reach your full potential, with Wow Factor Chicago’s commitment to delivering top-notch instructional experiences.

  Originally published here: https://wowfactorchicago.com/monster-basketball-full-court-with-wow-factor-chicago/

[siscovanillaisstepping]

Today's two quotes comes from the Honorable Constance Baker Motley. Judge Motley was a legend in the Civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s. She worked alongside Thurgood Marshall during the struggle as part of the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund. Originally as a law clerk while at Columbia Law School and later an Associate Counsel after her graduation. She would become one of the lead trial attorneys for the NAACP LDF. 

She holds the distinction of being the first African American woman to argue a case in front of the United States Supreme Court (winning 9 of 10 cases,) to to be the first woman to serve as New York State Senator (1964-1965) and was the first woman to serve as Manhattan Borough President (1965-1966.) When President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed her to the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York in 1966, she became the first African American woman to serve as a Federal Judge.

That's a whole lotta firsts for the child of West Indian immigrants!!! Never let anyone or anything stand in your way. Judge Constance Baker Motley is proof of that!!

[petervintonjr]

Lesson 50: “Something which we think is impossible now is not impossible in another decade.”

Born in 1921, Constance Baker Motley was fortunate enough to grow up in an integrated public school (at the time a radical notion) in New Haven, CT. Her mother Rachel was a co-founder of the New Haven NAACP and so Constance was exposed to --and inspired by-- the stories of post-Reconstruction civil rights leaders, as well as the writings of such trailblazers as W.E.B. Du Bois (see Lesson #1 in this series). Having also been routinely denied entry to public beaches and skating rinks as a child, Constance fixated on a career in law and in 1944 became the very first Black woman to be accepted into Columbia Law School. It was here that she met and became a lifelong colleague of Thurgood Marshall, at the time the legal defense counsel for the NAACP.

Motley was closely involved with much of the behind-the-scenes legal preparation for Brown v. Board of Education, becoming the first black woman to argue a case before the U.S. Supreme Court. She also defended the Freedom Riders and other protestors during the early 1960s. In 1964 she became the first woman to be elected into the New York State Senate, and in 1966 --to much opposition-- she accepted an appointment from Pres. Lyndon Johnson to the U.S. District Court; the first-ever Black woman to hold a Federal judgeship.

During her time as a Federal judge, Judge Motley ruled on a number of landmark cases for civil rights and women's equality --among them Belknap v. Leary (1970), citing the NYPD for failing to protect Vietnam war protestors; and Ludtke v. Kuhn (1978), reversing a Major League Baseball policy against women reporters in the locker room. In 1986 Judge Motley was named Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, a position she would hold until her death in 2005.

Homework: view Judge Motley's recollections on Brown at: https://youtu.be/gZy9rTaO9NY

[lboogie1906]

Attorney William Haywood Burns (June 15, 1940 - April 2, 1996) was born in Peekskill, New York. He was known for his defense of Angela Davis as well as serving as the first Black dean of a law school in New York.

He began his work in civil rights when he was only 15 years old when he led a movement to integrate a public pool in his hometown of Peekskill. He attended Harvard University for his undergraduate studies and graduated from Yale University Law School. He worked for a New York law firm, but he left to become the first law clerk for Constance Baker Motley, who had been appointed to the US District Court. He became assistant counsel NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund.

During his time at the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, he became the general counsel to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.’s Poor People’s Campaign. He sought new ways to address social justice issues. In 1969, he was one of the founding attorneys of the National Conference of Black Lawyers.

He is most remembered for his defense of Angela Davis, who was charged with murder and kidnapping in connection with an escape attempt of Black prisoners at the Marin County Civic Center on August 7, 1970. Davis was not present at the courthouse; nonetheless, she was charged with aggravated kidnapping and murder because she had allegedly planned the episode. His defense was successful, and Angela Davis was acquitted of all charges in June 1972.

In 1974, he became a law professor at the State University of New York while simultaneously coordinating the defense of 62 of the inmates charged in the Attica Prison Riots. He became the dean of the Law School at the City University of New York. His appointment made him the first Black dean of any law school in New York State.

He was survived by his wife Jennifer Dohrn and five children. #africanhistory365 #africanexcellence