#constance baker motley

[susiestamps]

US 2024 Constance Baker Motley, lawyer and judge

[africanamericanreports]

The 47th stamp in the Black Heritage series honors Constance Baker Motley (1921–2005), the first African American woman known to have argued a case before the United States Supreme Court and the first to serve as a federal judge. Read more: https://www.africanamericanreports.com/2024/01/2024-usps-black-heritage-stamp-series.html

[valkyries-things]

CONSTANCE BAKER MOTLEY // JURIST

“She was an American jurist and politician, who served as a Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. A key strategist of the civil rights movement, she was state senator, and Borough President of Manhattan in New York City before becoming a United States federal judge. She was the first Black woman to argue at the Supreme Court and argued 10 landmark civil rights cases, winning nine. Motley was also the first African-American woman appointed to the federal judiciary, serving as a United States district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York. In 1965, Motley was elected President of the Borough of Manhattan to fill a one-year vacancy. She was the first woman to hold the office. As president, she authored a revitalization plan for Harlem and East Harlem, successfully fighting for $700,000 to improve these and other underserved areas of the city.”

[blackhistorychatgpt]

Constance Baker Motley

My dad gave me, my brother, and my daughter each this commemorative stamp of Constance Baker Motley. She was influential on his career - my dad worked at NAACP Legal Defense Fund and became a judge just as she did. So today I'm showing what AI says about her life and legacy. I showed perlexity results first and as the son of a librarian I am fast falling for it and how they integrate and cite sources for their answers.

From Perplexity:

Constance Baker Motley (September 14, 1921 – September 28, 2005) was an influential American jurist and politician. She made significant contributions to the civil rights movement and the legal profession. Motley was the first African American woman to serve as a federal judge, having been appointed by President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1966. Prior to her judgeship, she was a prominent civil rights lawyer and a key figure in the legal battle against racial segregation. From 1945 to 1964, she worked on major school segregation cases supported by the NAACP Legal Defense Fund, and she personally led the litigation that integrated several universities in the southern United States. Motley's work was instrumental in advancing civil rights and promoting equal justice under the law. Her legacy continues to inspire generations of lawyers and judges, particularly women and people of color, to pursue careers in the legal profession. She was a trailblazer and a champion of justice, leaving a lasting impact on the American judicial system and society as a whole[1][2][4][5].

Citations: [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constance_Baker_Motley [2] https://www.uscourts.gov/news/2020/02/20/constance-baker-motley-judiciarys-unsung-rights-hero [3] https://blackhistory.news.columbia.edu/people/constance-baker-motley [4] https://www.britannica.com/biography/Constance-Baker-Motley [5] https://www.uscourts.gov/news/2023/03/01/women-judges-reflect-constance-baker-motleys-legacy

Constance Baker Motley worked on all of the major school segregation cases supported by the NAACP Legal Defense Fund from 1945 to 1964. She personally led the litigation that integrated several universities in the southern United States. She was the first Black woman to argue at the Supreme Court and argued 10 landmark civil rights cases, winning nine. Her work was instrumental in advancing civil rights and promoting equal justice under the law[1][2][3][4][5].

Citations: [1] https://blackhistory.news.columbia.edu/people/constance-baker-motley [2] https://www.womenofthehall.org/inductee/constance-baker-motley/ [3] https://www.uscourts.gov/news/2020/02/20/constance-baker-motley-judiciarys-unsung-rights-hero [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constance_Baker_Motley [5] https://www.uscourts.gov/news/2023/03/01/women-judges-reflect-constance-baker-motleys-legacy

From Bard:

Champion of Justice: Constance Baker Motley and the Legal Fight for Civil Rights

Constance Baker Motley, a name synonymous with courage, brilliance, and unwavering commitment to justice, etched her legacy in the annals of American legal history. As a lawyer for the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund (LDF), she spearheaded landmark cases that dismantled the edifice of Jim Crow segregation, paving the way for a more equitable nation. This essay delves into the remarkable life and career of Motley, highlighting her legal prowess, strategic acumen, and profound impact on the Civil Rights Movement.

Born in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1924, Motley faced racial discrimination from a young age. This ignited a passion for justice within her, leading her to pursue law at Columbia University, where she excelled despite being the only Black woman in her class. Joining the LDF in 1946, she embarked on a journey that would reshape the legal landscape of America.

Motley's legal acumen shone brightly in numerous cases. In the landmark Brown v. Board of Education, she co-authored the legal brief and played a crucial role in dismantling the doctrine of "separate but equal." Notably, she strategically selected cases challenging segregation in universities, understanding that education was key to unlocking opportunities for Black Americans. Victories in cases like Meredith v. Fair, which desegregated the University of Mississippi, and Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education, which integrated Mississippi public schools, stand as testaments to her dedication to equal access to education.

Motley's brilliance extended beyond courtroom arguments. She possessed a profound understanding of the social and political dynamics of the South, crafting legal strategies that resonated with communities and garnered public support. In the Birmingham Children's Crusade, she secured the release of arrested children and protected Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. from legal persecution, ensuring the movement's momentum.

Her impact transcended individual victories. Motley's tireless efforts contributed significantly to the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, dismantling legal barriers to equality. She later served as a federal judge, continuing her fight for justice from the bench.

Constance Baker Motley was not just a lawyer; she was a force of nature who embodied the spirit of the Civil Rights Movement. Her legacy extends far beyond legal victories, inspiring generations of lawyers and activists to fight for equality. By refusing to accept the status quo, she challenged a nation to live up to its ideals of justice and opportunity.

Further Reading:

Civil Rights Queen: Constance Baker Motley and the Struggle for Equality by Tomiko Brown-Nagin

One Woman's Fight: Constance Baker Motley and the Civil Rights Movement by Mary Beth Norton

Lifting as We Climb: African American Women's History from 1830 to 1990 by Evelyn Brooks Barnett

Freedom is a Constant Struggle: Ferguson, Palestine, and the Global Struggle for Equality by Angela Davis

We Shall Overcome: A History of the American Civil Rights Movement by Charles M. Payne

Brown v. Board of Education: A Civil Rights Battle for All Americans by Dwight D. Eisenhower, Blanche Wiesen Cook, & Milton Eisenhower

Letter from a Birmingham Jail by Martin Luther King Jr.

My Beloved World by Sonia Sotomayor

Sisters in Law: How Supreme Court Justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg and Sandra Day O'Connor Changed the Course of American Justice by Linda Hirshman

Crusader for Justice: The Autobiography of Constance Baker Motley (Edited by Molly Yard)

By exploring these works, you will gain a deeper understanding of Constance Baker Motley's remarkable life, her pivotal role in the Civil Rights Movement, and the enduring impact of her legacy on American society. Remember, her story is not just a chapter in history; it serves as a call to action, urging us to continue the fight for a just and equitable future for all.

From ChatGPT:

Constance Baker Motley: A Trailblazer in Law and Civil Rights

Introduction: Constance Baker Motley, a pioneering figure in American legal history, made indelible contributions to the advancement of civil rights and the legal profession. Her career spanned several decades, during which she played a crucial role in landmark civil rights cases, both as an attorney and as the first African American woman appointed to the federal bench. This essay explores the impact of Constance Baker Motley on law and civil rights, focusing on some of the most important cases she worked on.

Early Career and Legal Activism: Constance Baker Motley began her legal career as a law clerk for Thurgood Marshall at the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund (LDF). In this role, she was involved in groundbreaking cases that aimed to dismantle segregation and promote racial equality. Notably, she worked on Brown v. Board of Education (1954), a landmark case that declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.

School Desegregation Cases: Motley continued her work on school desegregation cases, including Meredith v. Fair (1961), where she represented James Meredith, the first African American student admitted to the University of Mississippi. Her legal acumen and dedication to justice were evident as she navigated the intense legal battles and societal resistance surrounding desegregation.

Civil Rights Act of 1964: Motley played a pivotal role in the development and passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. As a key strategist and draftsman, she contributed significantly to the legislation that aimed to end segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Key Role in Birmingham Campaign: Motley's involvement in civil rights extended beyond the courtroom. In 1963, she played a vital role in the Birmingham Campaign, working alongside Martin Luther King Jr. and other activists. Her legal expertise was integral to the success of this pivotal moment in the civil rights movement, which led to significant concessions from Birmingham's business community.

Judicial Career: Constance Baker Motley's impact on law and civil rights extended to her judicial career. In 1966, President Lyndon B. Johnson appointed her as a federal judge for the Southern District of New York, making her the first African American woman to serve in a federal judgeship. Throughout her tenure, she continued to make decisions that promoted equality and justice.

Conclusion: Constance Baker Motley's legacy is a testament to her dedication to justice and equality. Her work in landmark civil rights cases and her historic appointment as a federal judge paved the way for future generations of African American attorneys and jurists. Constance Baker Motley's impact on law and civil rights is a beacon of inspiration, highlighting the transformative power of legal advocacy.

Sources:

Cook, R. (2018). Constance Baker Motley: A Biography. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.

Graham, S. H. (2011). Constance Baker Motley: One Woman's Fight for Civil Rights and Equal Justice under Law. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi.

Motley, C. B. (1979). Equal Justice Under Law. New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux.

Reading List:

"Constance Baker Motley: A Biography" by Gary L. Ford Jr.

"Constance Baker Motley: One Woman's Fight for Civil Rights and Equal Justice under Law" by Gary L. Ford Jr.

"Equal Justice Under Law" by Constance Baker Motley

"Becoming Justice Blackmun: Harry Blackmun's Supreme Court Journey" by Linda Greenhouse

"Simple Justice: The History of Brown v. Board of Education and Black America's Struggle for Equality" by Richard Kluger

"The Hollow Hope: Can Courts Bring About Social Change?" by Gerald N. Rosenberg

"May It Please the Court: The Most Significant Oral Arguments Made Before the Supreme Court Since 1955" by Peter Irons

"Race and Liberty in America: The Essential Reader" edited by Jonathan Bean

"The Birth of the West: Rome, Germany, France, and the Creation of Europe in the Tenth Century" by Paul Collins

"Making Our Democracy Work: A Judge's View" by Stephen Breyer

[uvmagazine]

Civil Rights Pioneer Constance Motley Honored With USPS Stamp

Civil rights pioneer Constance Baker Motley will be honored with the 47th USPS stamp as part of their Black Heritage series.

The 47th stamp of the USPS Black Heritage series will honor civil rights pioneer Constance Baker Motley.

USPS stamp for Constance Baker Motley

Motley was a civil rights activist  and the first African American woman to argue a case before the U.S. Supreme Court and the first to serve as a federal judge.

A dedication ceremony will take place Wednesday, January 31, at the Constance Baker Motley…

[cartermagazine]

Today In History

Constance Baker Motley, a Civil Rights Activist, Manhattan Borough President and the first African American woman named to a federal judgeship, was born in New Haven, CT, on this date September 14, 1921.

Those who remember Motley best have varied explanations of how she found the courage and tenacity to dismantle Southern race laws. But they agree that Motley exhibited supreme calm and confidence throughout her career.

CARTER™ Magazine carter-mag.com #wherehistoryandhiphopmeet #historyandhiphop365 #carter #staywoke #blackhistorymonth #blackhistory #history #constancebakermotley

[bestforeverstampbracket]

Year of the Dragon

Constance Baker Motley

[todaysdocument]

Order with Notice of Entry Judgment

"granting access to all accredited sports reporters to the locker room without regard to their sex"

Record Group 21: Records of District Courts of the United States Series: Civil Case Files File Unit: [Melissa Ludtke and Time, Incorporated v. Bowie Kuhn, Commissioner of Baseball, et al.]

[stamp] MICROFILM SEP 26 1978 [stamp] MICROFILM SEP 26 1978 58 UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK MELISSA LUDTKE and TIME, INC., Plaintiffs, -against- BOWIE KUHN, Commissioner of Baseball, LELEAND MacPHAIL, President of the American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, the NEW YORK YANKEES PARTNERSHIP; The Mayor of the City of New York; The Commissioner of Parks and Recreation for the City of New York; and the Director of the Economic Development Administration of the City of New York, Defendants. [stamp] U. S. DISTRICT COURT FILED SEP 25 1978 S. D. OF N. Y. 77 CIV. 6301 ORDER [handwritten] + Judgment In accordance with its opinion of this date, the court now ORDERS that plaintiffs' motion for summary judgment be and is hereby GRANTED, and defendants' motion for summary judgment is hereby DENIED. It is further ORDERED: 1) That defendants, their officers, agents, representatives, servants, employees, and all persons acting in concert and participation with them, be and they hereby are permanently enjoined from refusing to admit plaintiff Melissa Ludtke to the locker rooms of the clubhouses at Yankee Stadium solely on the ground of her sex; 2) That defendants shall adopt one of the al- ternative methods referred to in the court's opinion of this date to protect the privacy of ballplayers within the locker room while granting access to all accredited sports reporters to the locker room without regard to P-043-B 58 FPI.MI--9.9.75.150M.4345 their sex; and 3) That a copy of this injunctive order shall be served on the "city defendants", dismissed from this action by order of the court dated April 14, 1978, forth- with. Dated: New York, New York September 25, 1978 SO ORDERED [signature] Constance Baker Motley CONSTANCE BAKER MOTLEY U. S. D. J. [stamp] JUDGMENT ENTERED [handwritten] - 9/26/78 Raymond F. Burghardt CLERK P-043-B - 2 - FPI.MI--9.9.75.150M.4345 INDEX NO. 77 Civ. 6401 (CBM) UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK MELISSA LUDTKE and TIME, INC., Plaintiffs, -against- BOWIE KUHN, Commissioner of Baseball, et al., Defendants. ORDER WITH NOTICE OF ENTRY CRAVATH, SWAINE & MOORE Attorneys for Plaintiffs ONE CHASE MANHATTAN PLAZA NEW YORK, N. Y. 10005 Tel. No. HAnover 2-3000 [stamp] FILED U.S. DISTRICT COURT SEP 25 4 05 PM '78 S.D.OF N.Y. UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK MELISSA LUDTKE and TIME, INC., Plaintiffs, -against- BOWIE KUHN, Commissioner of Baseball, LELAND MacPHAIL, President of the American League of Professional Baseball Clubs, the NEW YORK YANKEES PARTNERSHIP; The Mayor of the City of New York; The Commissioner of Parks and Recreation for the City of New York; and the Director of the Economic Development Administration of the City of New York, Defendants. 77 Civ. 6301 (CBM) NOTICE OF ENTRY OF ORDER [stamp] LAW DEPARTMENT CITY OF NEW YORK 78 SEP 25 P3:42 OFFICE OF CORP COUNSEL PLEASE TAKE NOTICE that an Order, of which the within is a true copy, was entered and filed in the office of the clerk of the above-named Court on the 25th day of September 1978. September 25, 1978. CRAVATH, SWAINE & MOORE Attorneys for Plaintiffs, One Chase Manhattan Plaza, New York, N. Y. 10005 TO: Allen G. Schwartz, Esq., Corporation Counsel, Attorney for Municipal Defendants, Municipal Building, New York, N. Y. 10007

[whenweallvote]

Judge Constance Baker Motley is the 47th honoree of the U.S. Postal Service Black Heritage stamp series!

Constance Baker Motley (1921-2005) was the first Black woman to argue a case before the U.S. Supreme Court, AND the first to serve as a federal judge. She also played a key role in knocking down legal segregation.

Judge Motley’s legacy is Black History, and we’re proud to see her uplifted on Black Heritage Stamps across the country! 📨👩🏾‍⚖️

[lboogie1906]

Jurist Constance Baker Motley (September 14, 1921 – September 28, 2005) was a jurist and politician, who served as a Judge of the US District Court for the Southern District of New York. A key strategist of the civil rights movement, she was a state senator, and Borough President of Manhattan before becoming a US federal judge. She obtained a role with the NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund as a staff attorney after receiving her JD and continued her work with the organization for more than twenty years. She was the first African American woman to argue at the SCOTUS and argued 10 landmark civil rights cases, winning nine. She was a law clerk to Thurgood Marshall, aiding him in the case Brown v. Board of Education. She was the first African American woman appointed to the federal judiciary, serving as a US district judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.

She was born in New Haven, Connecticut, the ninth of twelve children. Her parents, Rachel Huggins (domestic worker) and McCullough Alva Baker (chef) were immigrants from the Caribbean Island Nevis. Her mother served as a community activist. She founded the New Haven NAACP.

She was a founder of the New Haven NAACP and she was exposed to African American history, especially the writings of W.E.B. DuBois, in her Sunday School. While in high school, she became president of the New Haven Youth Council and was secretary of the New Haven Adult Community Council. She graduated with honors from Hillhouse High School. Though she had formed a desire to practice law, she lacked the means to attend college and instead went to work for the National Youth Administration.

With his financial help, she started college at Fisk University but transferred to NYU. She obtained her BA. She received her LLB from Columbia Law School.

During her second year of Law School, Thurgood Marshall hired her as a law clerk. She was assigned to work on court-martial cases that were filed after WWII.

She was married to Joel Motley Jr., a real estate and insurance broker for 59 years. #africanhistory365 #africanexcellence #alphakappaalpha

[worldwidenews29]

Kamala Harris: From Prosecutor to Vice President of the United States

Kamala Harris's journey to become Vice President of the United States is a tale of ambition, perseverance, and groundbreaking achievements. From her early days as a student at Howard University to her role as a prominent figure in criminal justice reform, Harris has left an indelible mark on American politics. Her ascent to the second-highest office in the land has sparked enthusiasm and hope for many, particularly among women and people of color.

Harris's path to the vice presidency has been marked by several notable milestones. Her time as California's Attorney General and her tenure in the U.S. Senate paved the way for her historic nomination as the first woman of color on a major party's presidential ticket. As Vice President, she has taken on crucial responsibilities, including leading efforts on immigration policy and championing the Inflation Reduction Act. Harris's commitment to LGBTQ+ rights and her role as President of the Senate have further cemented her position as a key player in shaping the nation's future.

Kamala Harris's Formative Years

Family Background and Influences

Kamala Harris's mother, Shyamala Gopalan, was an Indian biologist and civil rights activist from Chennai, India. [1] Born on April 7, 1938, to P. V. Gopalan and Rajam, Shyamala belonged to the Brahmin caste and was a gifted singer of South Indian classical music. [1] After winning a national competition as a teenager, she pursued Home Science at Lady Irwin College in New Delhi before unexpectedly applying for a master's program at the University of California, Berkeley, in 1958. [1] Shyamala eventually earned a PhD in nutrition and endocrinology from UC Berkeley in 1964, the same year Kamala was born. [1]

Kamala's father, Donald J. Harris, is a Jamaican-American economist and professor emeritus at Stanford University. [1] Born on August 23, 1938, in Saint Ann's Bay, Jamaica, to Beryl Christie Harris and Oscar Joseph Harris, he has Afro-Jamaican and Irish-Jamaican heritage. [1] Donald received his Bachelor of Arts from the University College of the West Indies in 1960 and later earned a PhD from UC Berkeley in 1966, where he met Shyamala through the civil rights movement. [1]

Education and Early Career

Kamala Harris was born on October 20, 1964, in Oakland, California, to Shyamala and Donald. [2] [3] She and her younger sister, Maya, were raised primarily by their mother, who instilled in them a commitment to civil rights and social justice. [2] Harris attended Howard University, a historically Black college, where she was active in the civil rights movement and the Black Student Union. [2] After graduating from Howard, she earned a law degree from the University of California, Hastings College of the Law. [2] [3]

Shaping of Political Values

Harris's parents were active in the civil rights movement and brought her to civil rights marches in a stroller, teaching her about heroes like Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall and civil rights leader Constance Baker Motley. [4] This exposure to the fight for equality and justice at a young age shaped her political values and commitment to building strong coalitions that fight for the rights and freedoms of all people. [4]

Prosecutorial Career Highlights

Alameda County District Attorney's Office

After graduating from the University of California, Hastings College of the Law, Kamala Harris took a position in the Alameda County District Attorney's Office, where she specialized in prosecuting child sexual assault cases. [13] As a Deputy District Attorney, she also prosecuted cases involving homicide and robbery, working at that office from 1990 to 1998. [13]

San Francisco District Attorney

In 1998, Harris was named managing attorney of the Career Criminal Unit of the San Francisco District Attorney's Office, where she prosecuted three strikes cases and serial felony offenders. [13] She served as the first woman District Attorney in San Francisco's history from 2004 to 2010, becoming the first African American woman and South Asian American woman in California to hold the office. [13] [14]

As San Francisco's District Attorney, Harris was an advocate for LGBTQ+ rights, officiating the first same-sex wedding after California's Proposition 8 was overturned. [14] She also started programs focused on re-entry services and crime prevention, and was known for her tough stance on violent crime. [15]

California Attorney General

Kamala Harris served as California's Attorney General from 2011 to 2017 after winning her first race in November 2010 by a slim margin over Republican Steve Cooley. [14] As Attorney General, she secured a $20 billion settlement for Californians whose homes had been foreclosed on and a $1.1 billion settlement for students and veterans who were taken advantage of by a for-profit education company. [14]

Harris launched initiatives to curb recidivism, with subdivisions focused on program development, evaluations, and grants. [16] In 2015, the California Department of Justice became the first statewide agency to adopt a body camera program for all special agents, and Harris launched law enforcement training on implicit bias and procedural justice. [16] She also initiated a criminal justice open data initiative to increase transparency and a dashboard for public criminal justice data. [16]

Harris had a strong stance against truancy, releasing the annual "In School and On Track" report from 2013 through 2016, which detailed truancy and absenteeism rates in the state. [16] She called for harsher consequences for parents of truant children, a policy she had implemented as a prosecutor. [16] [17]

National Political Ascendancy

U.S. Senate Tenure

Harris served as the junior U.S. senator from California from 2017 to 2021; she defeated Loretta Sanchez in the 2016 Senate election to become the second African-American woman and the first South Asian American to serve in the U.S. Senate. [20] As a senator, Harris advocated for gun control laws, the DREAM Act, a path to citizenship for undocumented immigrants, federal legalization of cannabis, as well as healthcare and taxation reform. [20] She gained a national profile for her pointed questioning of Trump administration officials during Senate hearings, including Trump's second Supreme Court nominee, Brett Kavanaugh. [20]

[mbmspeaks]

History lessons for my daughter part 1

When I started on this project I asked my mom and dad for some historical figures for me to write poems about. Here's the list my mom texted me:

" Constance Baker Motley, Lani Guinier, Zora Neale Hurston, Toni Morrison, Maya Angelou, Ella Baker, Mary Church Terrell, Fannie Lou Hamer, Michelle Obama, Barack Obama, James Baldwin, Amiri Baraka, Lorraine Hansberry, Harry Belafonte, Thurgood Marshall, Sydney Poitier, David Dinkins...."

I asked my nine year old daughter who she knew. I had done a few and decided to do poems and scenes to tell her about the rest of them she didn't know who are:

" Lani Guinier, Toni Morrison, Ella Baker, Mary Church Terrell, Fannie Lou Hamer, James Baldwin, Amiri Baraka, Lorraine Hansberry, Thurgood Marshall, Sydney Poitier, David Dinkins... "

Me: Write me a poem about Thurgood Marshall

ChatGPT:

Thurgood Marshall, a name that rings with pride For justice, he fought with unwavering stride A voice for the voiceless, a light in the dark His passion for equity left its indelible mark

With courage and poise, he stood in the face of hate Challenging segregation with every case he'd litigate For years, he toiled with his pen and his heart Crafting an argument that would tear hate apart

He paved the way for generations to come From the humblest beginnings, his fight had begun An emblem of strength, of justice, and grace His legacy endures, never to be erased

So we honor Thurgood Marshall, a true civil rights great Whose sacrifice and service no one can underrate May we follow his example, and stand for what is right And continue his mission, to shine justice's light.

#ThurgoodMarshall #civilrights #justice #equality #poetry #blackhistorymonthRegenerate response

Me: Write me a Sonnet about Fannie Lou Hamer

ChatGPT:

In the Mississippi heat, a voice was raised With courage in her heart and truth on her tongue She spoke of justice, dignity unfazed And for her people, she fought hard and long

Fannie Lou Hamer, sharecropper's daughter A woman of great strength and fortitude She fought against injustice and slaughter And to the nation, her message was shrewd

With words that spoke of freedom and of rights She moved the hearts and minds of many men Her voice rose up and reached majestic heights And changed the course of history's pen

Fannie Lou Hamer, your legacy is strong Your words still ring out and your spirit lives on.

#FannieLouHamer #CivilRightsActivist #MississippiFreedomDemocraticParty #Sonnet #Poetry

me: Write a short bio of of the two civil rights leaders we just wrote poems about

ChatGPT:

Sure, here are brief bios for Thurgood Marshall and Fannie Lou Hamer:

Thurgood Marshall was an American lawyer and civil rights activist who played a significant role in the fight for racial justice in the 20th century. He was the first Black justice on the Supreme Court of the United States, appointed by President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1967. Prior to his appointment, Marshall worked as a lawyer for the NAACP, where he successfully argued landmark cases such as Brown v. Board of Education, which ended the legal segregation of public schools in the United States.

Fannie Lou Hamer was a civil rights activist and community organizer who played a key role in the fight for voting rights in Mississippi in the 1960s. Born into a sharecropping family, Hamer faced poverty and discrimination throughout her life, but remained committed to the struggle for racial justice. She was a founding member of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, which fought to unseat the state's all-white delegation at the 1964 Democratic National Convention. Hamer's powerful testimony at the convention brought national attention to the struggle for voting rights and the violence and oppression faced by Black people in the South.

[readyforevolution]

Black History Fact!!!

#OnThisDate

Constance Baker Motley was nominated by President Lyndon B. Johnson on January 26, 1966, to a seat on the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York vacated by Judge Archie Owen Dawson.[23] Senator James Eastland of Mississippi delayed her confirmation process for seven months. Eastland was in opposition to her past desegregation work including Brown v. Board of Education and Meredith v. Fair. He used his influence as chair of the Senate Judiciary Committee to disrupt Motley's nomination, and went as far as accusing her of being a member of the Communist Party.[16] Despite opposition, she was confirmed by the United States Senate on August 30, 1966, and received her commission the same day, becoming the first African American female federal judge. She served as Chief Judge from 1982 to 1986. She assumed senior status on September 30, 1986. Her service terminated on September 28, 2005, due to her death in New York City.

Sources:

MacLean, Nancy (July 1, 2002). "Using the Law for Social Change: Judge Constance Baker Motley". Journal of Women's History. 14 (2): 136–139.

Hohmann, James (February 3, 2022). "The legacy of Constance Baker Motley". The Washington Post. p. A19. Retrieved February 5, 2022.

[culturesofresistancefilms]

7/21/23

We are pleased to announce that the Nevis Historical & Conservation Society is the latest recipient of our Cultures of Resistance Award!

Located on the island of Nevis in the Caribbean, the Nevis Historical & Conservation Society is working on an important project called "Nevis Notables." This exhibition aims to highlight the achievements of notable individuals from Nevis and those with Nevisian heritage, including civil rights activist Constance Baker-Motley, actress Cicely Tyson, insect morphologist Ernest Melville DuPorte, and former New York State Assembly member Bertram L. Baker.

In addition, the exhibition will share stories of Nevisian individuals who were enslaved—focusing on individual resistors, leaders of slave resistance, escapees, survivors, matriarchs, and skilled individuals such as nurses, teachers, and stonemasons.

For updates on their “Nevis Notables” project follow them at:

Learn more about our award at:

https://culturesofresistancefilms.com/nevis-historical.../

[fdelopera]

Judy Heumann z''l was the mother of the Disability Rights Movement, and she was a proud Jew. Without her, we would not have the ADA.

She passed away in March of 2023, just seven months before Hamas' October 7 pogrom. May her memory forever be for a blessing.

I have to say ... I am glad she never had to see the Disabled Community turn around and ban disabled Jews from the community. I am glad she never had to see the community she worked her entire life to support turn against her because she's a Jew.

If you don't know about Judy Heumann, sit down and LEARN. This is from Judy's website:

.

Judy Heumann was an internationally recognized advocate for the rights of disabled people. She was widely regarded as “the mother” of the Disability Rights Movement. At 18-months-old, Judy contracted polio in Brooklyn, New York and began to use a wheelchair for mobility. She was denied the right to attend school at the age of five because she was considered a "fire hazard." Later in life, Judy was denied her teaching license by the same school district. After passing her oral and written exams, she was failed on her medical exam because she could not walk. Judy sued the New York Board of Education and Judge Constance Baker Motley (the first Black female federal judge) strongly suggested the board reconsider. They did and Judy went on to become the first wheelchair user to teach in the state of New York.

In 1977, Judy was a leader in the historic 504 Sit-In in San Francisco. This 26-day protest (the longest sit-in at a federal building to date) led to Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act being signed into law. Judy was instrumental in the development and implementation of other legislation including the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act, and the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. These pieces of legislation have been integral in advancing the inclusion of disabled people in the US and around the world.

From 1993 to 2001, Judy served in the Clinton Administration as the Assistant Secretary for the Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services in the Department of Education. Judy then served as the World Bank's first Adviser on Disability and Development from 2002 to 2006. In this position, she led the World Bank's disability work to expand its knowledge and capability to work with governments and civil society on including disability in the global conversation. In 2010, President Obama appointed Judy as the first Special Advisor for International Disability Rights at the U.S. Department of State, where she served until 2017.  Mayor Fenty of D.C. appointed Judy as the first Director for the Department on Disability Services, where she was responsible for the Developmental Disability Administration and the Rehabilitation Services Administration. She also was a Senior Fellow at the Ford Foundation, where she produced the white paper Road Map for Inclusion.

Judy was a founding member of the Berkeley Center for Independent Living which was the first grassroots center in the United States and helped to launch the Independent Living Movement both nationally and globally. In 1983, Judy co-founded the World Institute on Disability (WID) with Ed Roberts and Joan Leon, as one of the first global disability rights organizations founded and continually led by people with disabilities that works to fully integrate people with disabilities into the communities around them via research, policy, and consulting efforts. Throughout her life, Judy served on a number of non-profit boards, including the American Association of People with Disabilities, the Disability Rights Education and Defense Fund, Humanity and Inclusion, Human Rights Watch, United States International Council on Disability, and Save the Children. 

Being Heumann: An Unrepentant Memoir of a Disability Rights Activist, written by Judy with co-author Kristen Joiner, was published by Beacon Press in 2020. Following in 2021 was the Young Adult version, Rolling Warrior. Both audiobooks are read by Ali Stroker, the first wheelchair user to perform on Broadway. After a four studio bidding war, Being Heumann’s movie adaptation will be done by Apple TV+ with producer David Permut (Hacksaw Ridge) and writer/director Sian Heder (Academy Award Winning ‘Best Picture’ CODA).

Judy is featured in Crip Camp: A Disability Revolution, the 2020 award winning, Oscar-nominated documentary film, directed by James LeBrecht and Nicole Newnham and produced by the Obama Higher Ground Production Company. She has been featured in numerous other documentaries on the history of the disability rights movement, including Lives Worth Living and the Power of 504. She delivered a TED talk in 2016, “Our Fight for Disability Rights- and Why We’re Not Done Yet”. Her story was also told on Comedy Central’s Drunk History in early 2018, in which she was portrayed by Ali Stroker. In 2020, Judy was featured on the Trevor Noah show. She also hosted an award-winning podcast called The Heumann Perspective, featuring a variety of members from the disability community. 

Judy graduated from Long Island University in Brooklyn, NY in 1969 and received her Master’s in Public Health from the University of California at Berkeley in 1975. She was awarded several honorary doctorate degrees from universities across the United States including New York University, University of Pittsburgh, Middlebury College, and Smith College. She also received numerous awards including being the first recipient of the Henry B. Betts Award in recognition of efforts to significantly improve the quality of life for people with disabilities and the Max Starkloff Lifetime Achievement Award from the National Council on Independent Living. 

Judy Heumann passed away on March 4th, 2023 at the age of 75. News of her passing was reported on by major outlets in the United States and around the world. Judy Heumann passed away on March 4th, 2023 at the age of 75. Stay up-to-date on projects in Judy’s honor by following Judy Heumann Legacy on Instagram and Facebook or subscribing to the Judy Heumann Newsletter.

Still waiting for big-name disability rights activists to say a single fucking word about the disabled people murdered on October 7th. Oh wait, I forgot, despite the fact that Jews built the entire disability rights movement from the ground up, disabled Jews will never matter to disabled goyim. They're more than happy to take credit for and even profit off of our work while forcing us out and demonizing us and painting us as enemies of "their" movement and accusing us of trying to eradicate disabled people (because Jews-I-mean-Zionists are just so evil and basically N*zis, right?).

They are such fucking hypocrites. They constantly insist that the entire world is actively trying to murder them at all times, and then they celebrate our deaths and scream for more. And even as they mock our dead and piss on their graves, they still expect us to show up for them so they can continue stepping on our necks to lift themselves up.

I'm done with this fucking "community."

.

[blackhistorychatgpt]

Black Judges

My dad is a retired federal Magistrate Judge, so today I thought I'd do a little tribute to black judges.

From Perplexity:

Some famous African American judges include:

Thurgood Marshall: He was the first African American to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States, appointed by President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1967. He served until 1991[2].

Ketanji Brown Jackson: She is a current federal judge who has been nominated to the Supreme Court of the United States by President Joe Biden in 2022. Prior to this nomination, she served as a federal judge on the United States District Court for the District of Columbia[2].

Clarence Thomas: He is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, having been appointed by President George H. W. Bush in 1991[2].

These are just a few examples of the many African American judges who have made significant contributions to the U.S. judicial system[1][2].

Citations: [1] https://www.naacpldf.org/black-judges-history/ [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_African_American_federal_judges [3] https://www.uscourts.gov/news/2023/02/09/african-american-judges-offer-life-lessons [4] https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/black-judges-justice-perspectives-bench [5] https://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/education/civic-ed/celebrating-black-history/

Here are five other African American judges:

Constance Baker Motley: She was the first African American woman to serve as a federal judge. Motley was appointed to the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York in 1966[1][2].

Reggie B. Walton: He is a judge on the United States District Court for the District of Columbia. Walton has been involved in high-profile cases and has served on the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court[5].

Julie A. Robinson: She is a judge on the United States District Court for the District of Kansas. Robinson was the first African American to serve as a federal judge in the state of Kansas[5].

Roger L. Gregory: He is the Chief Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit. Gregory was the first African American to serve on the Fourth Circuit[5].

Leon Higginbotham: He was a prominent African American judge who served as a federal judge on the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania and later as Chief Judge of the Third Circuit Court of Appeals[1][2].

These judges have made significant contributions to the U.S. judicial system and have played pivotal roles in shaping legal history.

Citations: [1] https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/black-judges-justice-perspectives-bench [2] https://www.naacpldf.org/black-judges-history/ [3] https://mcca.com/resources/reports/federal-judiciary/african-american-judges-by-president/ [4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_African_American_federal_judges [5] https://www.uscourts.gov/news/2023/02/09/african-american-judges-offer-life-lessons