#connoisseurship

[galleryofart]

British Gentlemen In Rome

Former Title: Connoisseurs in Rome

Artist: Catherine Read (Scottish, 1723–1778)

Genre: Conversation Piece

Date: c. 1750

Medium: Oil on Canvas

Collection: Yale Center for British Art at Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut

[studiesinconnoisseurship]

Salvator Mundi - master of the dead eyes

Salvator Mundi, various attributions (Louvre Abu Dhabi)

The Salvator Mundi painting, widely touted as a Leonardo, seems to have disappeared into the limbo of the Saudi Royal family’s treasury where it will doubtless lie, like an ingot of gold in a vault, unseen by most and unappreciated by its owner except as proof of the great wealth required to secure it. Frequent mention, however, is still made of this picture, and while that continues, so does the undesirable confusion that is spread by any demonstrable misattribution. This Brief Study is intended to provide that demonstration.

From left: Head of the Young John the Baptist (Drawing from a private collection, featured in an auction catalogue from 1934 as ‘School of Leonardo’) ; Salvator Mundi ; Head of a Woman (Musee du Louvre?)

Drawings, as always, are helpful. Here are two, to set beside the Salvator Mundi: on the left of it a drawing of a young John the Baptist, on the right a drawing of a young woman, possibly at the Louvre. It is enough to compare, and find similar, the eyes, the nose, the mouth, the treatment of hair. If likeness means anything, it ought to obtain in a juxtaposition such as this. As soon as it becomes clear that these two images are products of the same hand, it becomes clear also that the artist who made the drawing cannot be Leonardo, who never drew like this, and therefore Leonardo cannot be responsible for the painting either.

Of course the Salvator Mundi is Leonardesque. It is by an inferior artist (perhaps Salai, as once suggested by Suida) who has latched onto the ‘sfumato’, or smoky mysteriousness, that is displayed – for some tastes, to excess – in the late Leonardo Saint John the Baptist at the Louvre and copied by this artist in a painting at the Walters Museum. This mysteriousness, the smoky atmosphere implied in the etymology of the Italian word, is indulged in by this artist as if it was all that mattered in Leonardo’s art. The result is that Christ stares out at us, like a ghost from another world, with those strange, ‘dead’ eyes.

Left: St John the Baptist by the follower of Leonardo – Walters Museum, Baltimore ; right: Leonardo’s original – Musée du Louvre

Comparing the earlier drawing with the two paintings of John the Baptist

Comparing the earlier drawing with the two Baptist images either side, one by the copyist, the other by Leonardo, reveals as much as the difference in colour, the ‘Salvator’ eyes, nose and mouth.

Both attributed to the School of Leonardo, Left: ‘Head of a Youth’ – Ambrosiana, Milan ; Right: Portrait of a Lady – Columbia Museum of Art, South Carolina)

Another drawing , of an androgynous-looking youth at the Ambrosiana, shows the same rather long eyes whose lids are more prominent than anything between them . This might almost be a study for the no less ghostly Portrait of a Lady at Columbia Museum of Art in South Carolina. The same artist’s draughtsmanship (or lack of it) is seen in a drawing (Mona Vanna) and a painting both featuring a naked Mona Lisa. A weak sense of form is disguised by a quantity of perfunctory smudging of charcoal or graphite. His admiration for Leonardo is matched by his failure to understand how necessary a proper grounding in observational drawing was to Leonardo’s painted work. A similar failure attended the followers of Turner.

Left: Mona Vanna, attributed to Leonardo ; Right: Female Figure, attributed to Salai

If we return to the Salvator Mundi, we can observe the unconvincing treatment of drapery folds and the way in which ornamented braidwork is not adequately integrated with the rest of Christ’s robe, but lies across it in two, rather than three, dimensions. When our eye moves to the orb, it is equally dissatisfied by the lazy depiction of it, with no attempt at highlight. The orb is as dead as the eyes.

The draperies, braidwork and orb from Salvator Mundi tell us this is not Leonardo’s work

Colour is always a significant indicator in paintings. In this case we have a near-Prussian blue with chestnut browns trailing off into a deeper brown penumbra. This is the palette of the Lansdowne Madonna (‘Madonna of the Yardwinder’), a more impressive work than the Salvator Mundi but displaying a similar tendency to wrap figures in a haze of sfumato.

Left: The Lansdowne Madonna – Private Collection – features the same colour palette and ‘sfumato’ as the Salvator Mundi

Clearly I do not hold this artist in much esteem. Plutocrats are welcome to spend a fortune on his work, but the rest of us should keep our eyes peeled for quality and not allow our vision to be blurred by the ‘Leonardo mystique’ and the floaters of dubious attributions. What this case highlights, not for the first time, is the regrettable necessity for connoisseurs to apply themselves to mediocrities. In an ideal world they would not need to, but they often have to because one person – an originator whom others follow – has ascribed a work by an inferior artist to a vastly superior one. These words, inferior, superior, imply what is at stake: a difference of quality. The exercise I have conducted here will have some value if it succeeds in demonstrating that difference. A painter who has little sense of form cannot disguise the fact, try as he may, with ‘mystery’ that has no depth or substance; it is hollow and spectral, like the dead eyes. If we cannot definitely name him, let us nickname him the Master of the Dead Eyes.

[yakourinka]

the way ranni says "disturbed by thee" always impresses it's like distÜRBd

[blackcatcigarlounge]

The best cigars are like wine – they only get better with time. For many cigar enthusiasts, aging cigars is an art. While cigar aging may seem complex and time-consuming, it is well worth the effort. Aging cigars is a process that enhances the flavors, aroma, and overall smoking experience of an individual in a cigar bar in Florida.

[pearlprincess02]

libra sun 11H, taurus moon 6H, scorpio rising, libra mercury 12H, scorpio venus 12H

libra sun: is a day cardinal air sign. the symbol of libra is the scales and its glyph reflects both balance and the setting sun. libra rules over harmony, balance, decisions, love and beauty. libra is the diplomat and mediator of the zodiac. libra comes across as fair, peace-loving, and creative. however, libra it is sign that does not like to decide on just one side, but likes to remain neutral. that's why decisions make them difficult. but they like appearance and beauty, which means that in love, libra will always look for someone who looks nice and it will be important to libra that this person is looking good. libra is also a sign that will always fight for justice. no matter what, they will always be on the side of justice and prove it. libras adore high art, intellectualism, and connoisseurship.

sun in 11th house: miss/mr. popular. committed as fuck. most people love you and if they don’t, it’s because of a projection. chatty. should be a podcast owner. makes a new friend every week. really good at social media. open minded. wants to save all of the animals. “if we don’t have earth, we have nothing.” this is the friend you seek to help take your mission statement up a level. to the natal owner: you can’t save everyone!! not everyone is worth your genuine love and support. learn boundaries.

taurus moon: a taurus moon has a calm and peaceful energy. they are resilient, practical, and have a strong interest in material things. taurus moons have a natural ability to stabilize any situation while remaining grounded. they are reliable, persistent and determined to get things done. with the grounded and stabilizing energy of taurus, they have strong emotions but also take the time to process them. taurus moons enjoy the simple things in life and appreciate a comfortable and stable environment. they are focused on creating and maintaining a sense of security in their life, whether it's in their job, relationships or just simply being at peace. taurus moons are a mixture of deep feelings, practical thinking, and a grounded outlook on life. they are a calming presence who can also bring stability to any situation. they are likely to value and appreciate comfort, stability, and peace, and strive to create that in their life. taurus moons can also be stubborn and slow to open up or move. their greatest desires may be for a sense of security and stability in their life, both in material and emotional ways. they also highly value comfort and love, and desire love and adoration from others.

moon in 6th house: you are always think of ways to help those you love with your emotional support. this is the house of daily work so you may experience significant emotional experiences at your job that shape and change you as a person. it’s also the health house so having the moon here could indicate that you are at your best emotional health when you have been taking care of your physical and mental health.

scorpio rising: dark just dark - their eyes look dark even if they’re light colored, dark auras, tattoos, literally looks like a fucking shadow ok, doesn’t realize they death glare people they hate, i love these people tbh they’re so intriguing and beautiful in a mysterious way, DEFINITELY attracts obsessive people and friends, probably feels like they’ve been 20 different people in their lifetime - always transforming their image and looks

libra mercury: a libra mercury indicates a very charming and balanced approach to communication. you likely have a strong ability to communicate in a friendly, diplomatic, and socially intelligent way. you enjoy engaging in conversation and may be very comfortable being the center of attention. you enjoy connecting with other people, and you likely have a tendency to keep things light and positive. you are likely to approach conversation in an intuitive, gentle, and diplomatic way that avoids confrontation or conflict. you may have a strong need for harmony and balance in your interactions and relationships.

mercury in 12th house: you need to create a space in your life where you can retreat into your own private thoughts. you are quite happy in your own company and tend to prefer to work alone or behind-the-scenes. you may forget things easily.

scorpio venus: a scorpio venus is characterized by a deep and intense approach to relationships. people with this placement may have emotional walls up, making it challenging for them to open up and be vulnerable. they may have a darker side or be attracted to the hidden depths on others. they may have a strong intuitive nature, seek out deep and meaningful connections, and crave intimacy and trust. they may have high standards and expectations when it comes to relationships and expect their partners to match their intensity and be willing to explore deep levels of trust.

venus in 12th house: these are my artistic people, they have a lot of passion and compassion. they tend to be attracted to spiritual or helpful people. they value connections and are naturally drawn to others; they find much comfort in helping those around them. they are looking for a partner with good character and empathy.

@danseuse-de-ballet

ᵒᵇˢᵉʳᵛᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿˢ ᵃʳᵉⁿ'ᵗ ᵐⁱⁿᵉ

[determinate-negation]

The industry bows to the vote it has itself rigged. The incidental costs to the firm which cannot turn a prof­it from its contract with a declining star are legitimate costs for the system as a whole. By artfully sanctioning the demand for trash, the system inau­gurates total harmony. Connoisseurship and expertise are proscribed as the arrogance of those who think themselves' superior, whereas culture dis­tributes its privileges democratically to all. Under the ideological truce between them, the conformism of the consumers, like the shamelessness of the producers they sustain, can have a good conscience. Both content themselves with the reproduction of sameness.

Unending sameness also governs the relationship to the past. What is new in the phase of mass culture compared to that of late liberalism is the exclusion of the new. The machine is rotating on the spot. While it already determines consumption, it rejects anything untried as a risk. In film, any manuscript which is not reassuringly based on a best-seller is viewed with mistrust. That is why there is incessant talk of ideas, novelty and surprises, ofwhat is both totally familiar and has never existed before. Tempo and dynamism are paramount. Nothing is allowed to stay as it was, everything must be endlessly in motion. For only the universal victory of the rhythm of mechanical production and reproduction promises that nothing will change, and nothing unsuitable will emerge. To add anything to the proven cultural inventory would be too speculative. The frozen gen­res– sketch, short story, problem film, hit song– represent the average of late liberal taste threateningly imposed as a norm. The most powerful of the culture agencies, who work harmoniously with others of their kind as only managers do, whether they come from the ready-to-wear trade or college, have long since reorganized and rationalized the objective mind. It is as if some omnipresent agency* had reviewed the material and issued an authoritative catalog tersely listing the products available. The ideal forms are inscribed in the cultural heavens where they were already num­ bered by Plato-indeed, were only numbers, incapable of increase or change.

Adorno and Horkheimer, Dialectic of Enlightenment

[latinosoles]

"It's...ah...a bit tight, Mara."

"You will get used to it, darling. Consider this part of your gift to me, I've always wanted to have you here in a dress. And you are positively ravishing.”

“Heh, since you seem to like it so much, I’ll do my best not to rip it. Fancy dresses are no match for Sjur Eido, her mighty muscles, and accidental trips while wearing heels.”

“Enough foreplay, my Wrath. Tell me, what is this new instrument you have brought to enrich our practiced symphony? I expect that something exquisite will be what makes me sing tonight?”

“Oh, yes. It won’t be as rough on your voice as the brush. This stimulation is much more…delicate. It will still drive you up the wall, don’t get me wrong, but think of it as sensory degustation rather than being immediately overwhelmed. Thought you’d want something different from the usual to start off, and believe me, you’ll last wayyy longer.”

“Keep talking like that, Sjur, and you might be spared your turn. I am very much in the mood to embark on connoisseurship of the senses. One that ends when morning breaks the dusk.” 

“Then put your little peds on my lap, spread your piggies wide open, and get ready to sing~”

***

Heyy y'all! I gifted myself this comm as a birthday present, featuring Queen Mara Sov and her partner Sjur Eido, from the Destiny franchise. Artist link is here:

And if anyone here is into Destiny, here's a link to a longfic series I've been writing for some time:

[luchicm04]

♎LIBRA♎

September 23 to October 22 - Symbol: Scales⚖️

Sun: Joy Moon: Anxiety Rising: Fear

Personality Explanation:

Libra is an air sign, represented by the scales, symbolizing balance and harmony. Ruled by Venus, Libras are aesthetes of the zodiac and are passionate about high art, intellectualism, and connoisseurship. They are excellent designers, decorators, art critics, and stylists. Libra symbolizes "we," and relationships are paramount for them. They love harmonious partnerships with fashionable mates, especially those who make attractive arm candy. Libra governs the skin and is highly motivated by physical appearance.

When regularly coupled, Libras must be careful about seeking attention outside the agreed-upon boundaries of their relationship. They must remember that the happiness of their loved ones and the health of their relationships are more important than maintaining the attention of distant admirers. Libras are a cardinal sign, making them great at launching new initiatives. However, they struggle with indecision due to considering multiple perspectives in all pursuits. Instead, Libras should develop and trust their intuition. Despite their ambivalence, Libras can navigate virtually any social situation and resolve conflicts effortlessly by turning on the charm.

Read what your sign's horoscope emotions mean for you right here, or check out the rest of my works here.

[wilderhazard]

It's hard to express this without being rude about it (and I generally like the author), but this piece neatly encapsulates everything in Gay Culture™ that I'm alienated from: expensive resort vacations treated as routine or at least rite of passage, twee sentimentality about party drugs, an affectation of connoisseurship based on liking mediocre pop music, and an affectation of radicalism based on voting for Democrats but feeling conflicted about it.

[studiesinconnoisseurship]

Rogier and Campin: Mistaken Identities

Connoisseurship, by its nature, will often involve mistaken identity, work by one artist being taken for that of another. This Study looks at a case that can be illustrated by work attributable to two famous fifteenth centruy artists, Rogier van der Weyden and Robert Campin, within one collection, that of the London National Gallery, and the relation of these pictures to others elsewhere.

When juxtaposed, it is easy to see the similarities between faces in Rogier's Altarpiece at Beaune and portraits in the National Gallery, attributed to Campin. Such a degree of likeness makes it hard to see how there could be disagreement that they were all painted by the same hand. Stylistically, everything corresponds, even the craquelure

In the above juxtaposition, the left-hand face of each pair is a face out of the Beaune Altarpiece, the Last Judgment, still at Beaune in Burgundy, that everyone seems agreed is the work of Rogier van der Weyden. The right-hand face of each pair is of the Man and Woman, respectively, portrayed in two separate panels at the London National Gallery where they are ascribed, not to Rogier, but to Robert Campin. The two artists were famous in their day for the outstanding quality of their work, and they both presided over large workshops.

The Altarpiece at the Hotel-Dieu, Beaune. Open, it shows The Last Judgement

Closed, the polyptych shows the donors kneeling before statues of saints

Here is another Portrait of a Man that can also be seen at the National Gallery. It is the portrait of a known person, Alexander Mornauer.

Portrait of Alexander Mornauer, attributed to "the Master of the Mornauer portrait", National Gallery, London

The Mornauer portrait before cleaning, showing a 'Holbein blue background, and reworking of the hat

He was given a plain blue ‘Holbein’ background that has been removed, as being a later addition, to reveal one that is of much more interesting texture and of a sort of puce colour. The painter of this picture is simply called ‘The Master of the Mornauer Portrait’, thought to be from ‘South Germany’.

If we now place this Mornauer portrait between two other images, the Portrait of a Stout Man from the Thyssen Collection in Madrid (ascribed to Robert Campin) and the two onlookers beside the Bad Thief to the Left of Christ from the panel at Frankfurt (Staedel Institut), generally considered a work by Campin, do we not see similarities, in this second case, nearly as compelling as the very different similarities in the first?

Left to Right: The Mornauer Portrait; Portrait of a Stout Man, attrib. Campin, Museo Thyssen, Madrid; detail and full image of The Bad Thief to the Left of Christ, attrib. Campin, Staedel Museum, Frankfurt

The Mornauer portrait clearly predates both the Thyssen Head of a Man and the Frankfurt Crucifixion, which one takes to be late work by the artist; that said, we can see an earlier manifestation of the same extraordinarily bold facial modelling, the same eyes and eyebrows, the same fine brushwork in the brown hair and the hairs of fur, and, in the detail of the two onlookers to the Crucifixion, very similar and distinctive hands displaying all their veins and joint-creases.

Much work remains to be done on the oeuvres of two men who were clearly the stars of the generation after the Van Eycks, but what these comparisons already suggest is that their styles are very distinct from each other. It appears that two portraits have got linked with Robert Campin when they are much more likely to be by Rogier van der Weyden, and a fine work by Campin in the same Gallery has gone unrecognised, relegated to ‘South Germany’. There is evidence here of the muddle that surrounds these two names.

I do not believe that we have many works anywhere by Robert Campin, but what there is strikes me as of remarkably high quality. His hyper-realism may not appeal to all tastes today, but it belongs to its time and makes a superlative link between Jan van Eyck and Dürer in the tradition that leads on to Holbein, and eventually Ingres. Of work by Rogier van der Weyden we have more, including two masterpieces, the Beaune Altarpiece and the Madrid Deposition, but his work likewise has to be distinguished from that of numerous artists of his time, mostly of lesser talent, who spent their careers in workshops such as those headed by himself and Campin.

Left to RIght: The Mornauer Portrait; Portrait of a Man, attributed to the same artist, Kupferstichkabinett, Berlin; in BW; Reflectogram of the Mornauer Portrait, revealing the same style of folds in the clothing and vein details in the hands

I wish to draw attention at this point to two drawings. The first is a portrait of a man of middle age with black curly hair, wearing a hat and holding his hands together with the two thumbs abutted. This remarkable image is held at the Kupferstichkabinett in Berlin and attributed to the same hand as the Mornauer. The penmanship in the modelling of the man’s shirt is superlative and the vividness of his presence is all the greater for the addition of watercolour to his face, neck and hands.

The connection, as I see it, with Campin is made by a very helpful infrared reflectogram of the Mornauer portrait in a publication (2010) by the National Gallery, entitled A Closer Look: Deceptions and Discoveries. The underdrawing of that painting is so close to the treatment of the folds in the sleeves of the shirt in the drawing that I think it very likely that they are by the same artist. Note the veins in the hands of both painting and drawing; Dürer could not have observed them better.

Left: 'Le Christ Bénissant', attrib. Toussaint Dubreuil, the Louvre; Right from Top: Detail from Campin's Throne of Mercy; Detail from Campin's Bad Thief; Detail from Campin's Madonna by a Firescreen, National Gallery, London

The second drawing - an image at the Louvre entitled Christ Blessing - I also think is by Campin, though probably from a different period of his career. Here the penmanship is bolder and looser than in the drawing just mentioned, but the dense cross-hatching and other mark-making is very similar. Below are some juxtapositions that help to link this drawing with the Mornauer portrait and other Campins in the treatment of facial features, hands and hair-curls.

Left to Right: Faces of Mornauer; Christ; the Stout Man

Hair and fingers from the Bad Thief (left) and Christ Bénissant (right)

Hand details: VIrgin and Child, Campin (top); Saint Veronica, Campin (left) both Staedl Museum, Frankfurt; The Mornauer (middle); The Bad Thief (bottom)

That two paintings by Rogier van der Weyden can be taken for work by Campin when the two artists are so completely different is concerning. The focus of the present Study has been limited to three paintings in the London National Gallery, the stylistic connection of two of them, the paired portraits of A Man and A Woman, with Rogier’s Beaune Altarpiece, and a third, the Mornauer Portrait, with Crucifixion and other panels at Frankfurt. On the evidence even of these few works we can see Campin as a master capable of projecting a very powerful image with hyper-realistic attention to texture and fine detail. The Rogier portraits are realistic too, but less forceful and arguably more sympathetic depictions of individuals with faces easily associated as those of husband and wife.

Clearly there is scope for a wider discussion of the oeuvres of these two very important painters. I hope a future Study can attempt to address that much more complex issue

[luxe-pauvre]

In your book, Jude, you asked, How could I become a better smeller? I like how you shifted away from questions of connoisseurship. You didn’t want to cultivate better aesthetic taste than other people. You just wanted to take in more of the world. Fredric Jameson once said, paraphrasing Adorno, that when you’re doing aesthetics as a Marxist, you can’t get away from the fact that art is a luxury item. It shouldn’t be, but that’s the guilt of the art object for certain critics. There’s an anecdote I’ve heard about Herbert Marcuse being interviewed at his home in La Jolla, California. The interviewer says something challenging, like, “Herbert Marcuse, you’re a Marxist thinker, but I’m looking at all this luxury. We’re lounging around your swimming pool. What do you say to that?” And Marcuse supposedly replies, “Nothing is too good for the people.” That’s a great response to the guilt thing.

Sianne Ngai, How to Choose Your Perfume: A Conversation with Sianne Ngai and Anna Kornbluh

[pussypopstiel]

Wheres the post that was talking about the spn 2021 revival and its like “the level of connoisseurship” cause really it was a level of connoisseurship

[dearorpheus]

“The aesthetic necrophilia of nineteenth-century painting finds its apotheosis in the subject of the anatomy class, a theme vying in popularity with the battlefield and distinguished by some of the same hierarchic categories (the great commander/the great surgeon, the massed ranks of soldiers/the packed theatre of anatomy, the killed/the cadaver). The sacrificial body is posed naked on a table, and the table intuitively evokes the bed (there are also sheets, and the white sheet, like the bridal gown, possesses its own ambiguities). Onto the as-yet unviolated corpse (conventionally female) the collective gaze of the students (conventionally male) is drawn with that ferocity or detached connoisseurship redolent of an aroused sexuality. For their delectation the surgeon flourishes the scalpel with which he will conduct operations as the general in the field wields maps or staffs. The cadaver of the female, formerly inviolable, formerly independent and, while provocative, untouchable in the public sphere, is now the property (and since he may dispose her limbs, the sexual property) of him who now assumes the right to intrude into her flesh (bloodless flesh, since the anatomical subject is never fresh but kept sufficiently long to eliminate the potential shock of bleeding) by that surgical technique known now as then as invasive. In the anatomy class the sexual character of the corpse is revealed as nowhere else as a provocative surface. What permeates her stillness is the prospect of infinite permission, something strangely akin to the absolute permission granted only through the intimacy of the greatest loves... a permission subject to revocation in the living, and decay in the dead.”

— Howard Barker in the afterword for Eroticism and Death in Theatre and Performance 

[lesb0]

While you're on the topic, what's your opinion on separating the art from the artist?(both living and dead)

I'm not on that topic, I think people who are very ignorant about art make up a lot of excuses to stay ignorant as possible. there is no art history without biographical connoisseurship. knowing as much as possible about the lives of artists is half of what I do. you are not able to gain a complete scope of an artwork without knowing enough about the artist

[lilithsaintcrow]

"Far more alarming than the misleading images themselves is the crisis of confidence we are experiencing, accompanied as it is by the erosion of public consensus about what constitutes a credible source."

[paleparearchive]

Character profile - Rembrandt

GENERAL DISCLAIMER: please keep in mind that I got access to these game profiles from gamerch, but unfortunately not all of them have all the information. Wherever you see a "//", it's because that info wasn't on the site and I couldn't find anyone who unlocked it. If you happen to have it, please send it to me! Also, some characters will have more infos than other because they had more cards in the game.

Other note: know that, in this case, "strength" is their painting technique or what they use in paintings.

Name: Rembrandt (Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn)

CV: Hanae Natsuki

Catchphrase: "Soft and Gentle Troublemaker"

Hobby: Collecting accessories

Likes: People's experiences and stories, accessories

Dislikes: Swimming

Height: 180 cm

Birthday: July 15th

Favourite food: Bread

Disliked food: Octopus

Strength: Portraits that richly depict the stories within a person

Special skill: Psychological games¹, connoisseurship of products

Relationships with artists: //

How he became an exclusive member: //

What he wants to do: //

Sleeping time: "Hmm… I sleep well, maybe 8 hours? But sometimes when I'm sleeping, I wake up to straaange noises."

What I want now: //

¹: I don't think Rembrandt ever explained what this games are, but I think it's something like "think of a number and I'll guess it" and those sorta things.