#compound fracture 2014

[fanofspooky]

Scream King - Tyler Mane

[thermodynamic-comedian]

my previous poll concluded that john gaius' gender identity is the year 2014. this feels accurate, but fellas,,,

[kudosmyhero]

Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (IDW) #30: Northampton - part 2

Read Date: May 30, 2023 Cover Date: January 2014 ● Story: Kevin Eastman ◦ Bobby Curnow ◦ Tom Waltz ● Script: Tom Waltz ● Art: Sophie Campbell ● Colors: Ronda Pattison ● Letters: Shawn Lee ● Editor: Bobby Curnow ●

**HERE BE SPOILERS: Skip ahead to the fan art/podcast to avoid spoilers

Reactions As I Read: ● in the Mirage story of Northampton, the narrative told is through April’s journal. Here, Michelangelo is writing to his friend Woody ● Alopex is such a great character

● ACK just when things were coming together! ● 👏👏👏👏👏

Synopsis: Michelangelo is writing a letter to his friend Woody back in New York City. Mikey lets Woody know that he and his brothers found Leonardo and then had to go into hiding to get away from the Shredder. Mikey explains that even though they went out of town to get away from trouble, trouble found them in the form of Alopex, who stowed away with them to get away from the Foot Clan too, which she has renounced. Mikey expresses worry for Leo.

Leo sits beside a stream, wishing their mother would appear to him again. Unbeknownst to Leo, Alopex watches him from the shadows. Raphael sneaks up on Alopex and leads her away to question her about what she's doing there. Alopex tells him she was trying to thank Leo for standing up for her when the others discovered her, but Raph doesn't believe it. Alopex says she doesn't care if Raph believes her, because she knows what Leo has gone through, she knows what its like to have Shredder in your head, twisting your thoughts and emotions.

Mikey continues his letter to Woody, telling him about Splinter's injuries at the hand of Shredder. Donnie has been tending to Splinter, and says the cut has healed nicely but he'll have to keep a close eye on the fracture. But Mikey knows the Shredder hurt Splinter more by turning Leo against him. Donatello is frustrated that he can't do anything about the Technodrome problem while they're living in April's parents' barn, and no one else understands his worries.

Leo is still walking through the woods by himself, dealing with the lingering effects of the brainwashing. He hallucinates a spectral version of the Shredder in the trees, causing him to cry out. At that moment, the Turtles' mother Tang Shen appears to him and calms him. Shen walks with Leo to a peaceful garden, one she has taken him to before. Shen asks Leo if he's found what he had lost. Leo tells her that he has his family back, but he is still unfamiliar with them. She tells him to proceed slowly, and not to let himself get overwhelmed. She tells him she is needed elsewhere and she vanishes, causing Leo to wake up. Donnie is standing over him trying to rouse him, but Leo stays calm, no longer so jumpy as a result of the brainwashing.

At April O'Neil's parents' house, April's mother Beth tells April and Casey Jones that her father, John, was part of a top-secret project when he worked at StockGen. John spent years working with a healing compound nicknamed ooze, when he began to have second thoughts about the ethical implications of StockGen's work. Unfortunately, John then had a stroke, which put any thought of the ooze out of John and Beth's minds. Beth tells April she wishes she had kept her away from StockGen, but John's injury compensation and April's internship put her worries out of her mind. Beth retrieve's John's old laptop with all of his notes from his work at StockGen and gives it to April, telling her maybe she can make sense of it.

Back in the woods, Donnie tells Leo he was talking in his sleep, saying something about their mother and ghosts. Leo says it felt like he was really speaking to their mother, not just dreaming, and Donnie must think he's crazy for saying that. Donnie tells him that six months ago, he would have, but after what they've seen, he's not sure. Donnie concedes that maybe what they're going through really is the result of some type of cosmic fate or destiny. Leo tells him he just feels like he's stuck in place, treading water. Donnie assures him that it's just the after-effects of the brainwashing, and it'll pass. Donnie asks Leo to come back to the barn with him so he can bounce ideas about the Technodrome off him. This time it's Leo's turn to reassure Donnie, telling him that if he tackles the problem one step at a time he'll succeed.

In the barn, Shen now appears before Splinter, although to her he will always be her husband Hamato Yoshi. Splinter is embarrassed, asking her not to look at him in his new rodent form. She tells him that the true essence of an individual lies within. Splinter tells her that he is worried he is a failure, having let Shredder take their eldest son and turn him against them. Shen points out that Leo has been returned to them, and although he suffered at the hand of the Foot, there is a force that outweighs all darkness: love.

Mikey finishes up his letter to Woody, telling him that although they're all hurting pretty bad, Mikey has an idea to help speed up the healing process. Mikey builds a campfire and begins roasting hot dogs, and Splinter and his brothers join him. Even Alopex is invited to sit with them.

However, high above in the night sky, Koya circles the campfire, reporting in to Oroku Karai that she has found Splinter and the Turtles.

(https://turtlepedia.fandom.com/wiki/Northampton,_part_2)

Fan Art: TMNT n.13 - Variant Cover by Claudia-SG

Accompanying Podcast: ● Shellheads - episode 62

[ifreakingloveroyals]

25 March 2014 | Jockey Ruby Walsh, who suffered a compound fracture to his right arm after falling at the Cheltenham Festival, attempts so shake hands with Queen Elizabeth II at the Irish Community Reception at Buckingham Palace. The reception is in an advance of Ireland's President Michael D Higgins who will be the first Irish President to pay a state visit to Britain in April. (c) Steve Parsons - WPA Pool/Getty Images

[serenata-your-neighborhood-lefty]

When Abdirahman Ahmed Mohammed first sought asylum in Australia, he still carried a bullet in his leg. 

But the Somali refugee's health problems would only become more severe in his years in offshore detention on Manus Island, and later on Nauru. 

Mr Mohammed reported frequent chest pains and first received tests on his heart in late 2014.

 He was given further heart tests in 2017 and battled other health issues, including eye problems and a compound fracture to his thigh where the bullet struck. 

But he was not transferred to Australia for treatment until almost five years later, when he suffered a heart attack on Nauru in April 2019.

The Australian government killed this man via medical neglect. He had to live with an untreated compound fracture for five years. After he finally received medical attention, he was straight back to offshore detention. He never made it out. 

He spent the last eight years of his life in what is essentially a prison, never knowing if and when he would get out. 

The Australian government killed this man.

[cinematicnomad]

i am sad we've never got to see buck's scars. my brother had a similar compound fracture (ive just assumed at least one of the fractures was compound to account for how intense his injury was) and the scars are intense bc it's not just the scar from the bone but also separate incisions where the surgeons go in. then there's also nerve damage. my brother cant feel the scars and surrounding area at all. plus, his leg still acts up - things like kneeling for long periods can cause issues, or just long days on his feet and his job is less physically demanding than buck's. basically, i just want to see more about the long term affects of buck's leg injury and how hard he still pushes himself.

oh man, anon, i FEEL YOU. when my aunt was 14 she was out in the woods with her girl scout troop and a bunch of them decided to try and lift a tree that had fallen over and they got it juuuuust high enough to then DROP it right on her leg. she spent like a full on year in the hospital (1960s medicine, baby!) have surgeries, and she still wears a bandage to this day and has a limp. and both my parents fell and broke their wrists and had to have multiple surgeries—it's really wild to see the difference in scars, bc my dad broke both bones in his wrist in 1999 and had to have this huge external contraction screwed into his wrist bones for several weeks, and then my mom broke both bones in her wrist in 2014 and she had a quick little surgery where they added some stuff internally and sewed her up. so my dad's wrist is littered with really deep, noticeable scars, while my mom's wrist has a couple super dainty, thin scars that are easy to miss.

but ANYWAY, yeah, i am such a sucker for stuff like this. i'm gonna be super bummed if 911 sticks to what tim said post-s4 finale about skipping past eddie's recovery bc like...i LIVE for that stuff. @woodchoc-magnum's fics are good for always including, like, little asides about buck's leg acting up or getting sore, or eddie giving him a massage when his muscles get too tense. those are some of my favorite small moments in her fics!! i wish there was more stuff like that in the show (like, hey makeup dept, i miss chimney's forehead scar!!)

let’s talk about 911

[alkalinevegannews]

The idea that drinking milk helps you build strong bones is not well-supported by science. Many say it is nothing more than a clever marketing strategy by dairy lobbyists. ⠀ One 2011 meta-analysis from the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research found no protective benefit of milk consumption and hip fracture risk. Another 2014 study published in JAMA Pediatrics determined that drinking more milk as a teenager did not lower the risk of bone fractures later on in life, and in fact was associated with an increased risk of hip fractures in men. ⠀ An additional 2014 study published in BMJ and involving more than 105,000 men and women found that higher milk consumption was associated with an increased risk of bone fractures and early death. ⠀ Milk contains several compounds shown by research to promote inflammation in certain people, including saturated fats and a sugar called lactose. According to the U.S. National Library of Medicine, about 65 percent of adults lack the enzyme necessary to even digest lactose. ⠀ Milk also contains a compound called D-galactose. D-galactose is shown in animal research to promote oxidative stress, accelerated aging, chronic inflammation, neurodegeneration, impaired immune function, and gene dysregulation. ⠀ Sources: https://asbmr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jbmr.279 https://www.pcrm.org/news/blog-0 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24247817/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4212225/ https://www.arthritis.org/health-wellness/healthy-living/nutrition/healthy-eating/dairy-and-inflammation https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26287637/ https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/lactose-intolerance https://www.instagram.com/p/CEMjZHMhFzV/?igshid=12kjo20snyb2v

[nflfromafar]

QB guide - The Greats

NOTE: I will only list QBs who played during the 2020 season.

Tom Brady

Age: 43 Team history: Tampa Bay Buccaneers (2020 -), New England Patriots (2000 - 2019) Super Bowl wins: 2002, 2003, 2004, 2014, 2017, 2018, 2020 MVP: 2007, 2010, 2017

Let me start my post with the GOAT of football and professional sports.

When the New England Patriots selected Tom Brady at the 2000 NFL draft in the sixth round as the 199th overall pick, no one knew who he will become.  Brady had the opportunity to come into the game after Patriots’ starter quarterback got injured, and he hasn’t left since then. This was his 21st season in the game, most by any QB in the history of the NFL. 

After the news came out last year that after 20 years Brady will not re-sign with the Patriots, many thought this was the end of him. Oh boy, they were wrong. He signed with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, got Robert Gronkowski, the best TE in league history out of retirement, and won the Super Bowl for the 7th time in his career. With that win, Tom Brady has more Super Bowl wins than any team in history. (the Pittsburgh Steelers and the New England Patriots both have 6)  Whenever he gets asked about which is his favorite ring, he always answers “the next”. That’s the TB12 mentality.

He is called the Greatest Of All Time for a reason. 

Drew Brees

Age: 42 Team history: New Orleans Saints (2006 -), San Diego Chargers (2001 - 2005) Super Bowl win: 2009

Drew Brees is one of the bests who ever played.  He holds numerous records such as career pass completions, career completion percentage, and career passing yards. 

He started his career at the Chargers as a backup QB but was named starter in his second season in 2002. 

In 2006, after the Chargers and Brees couldn’t come to an agreement on his new contract, he signed with the New Orleans Saints. In 2009 he won the Super Bowl with the Saints and was named Super Bowl MVP. 

This past season they got defeated in the playoffs by the Buccaneers.  As of now, it sadly looks like this was Brees’ last season in the NFL. If he really hangs up his shoes, then we can say one thing for sure; he had one hell of a career. 

Aaron Rodgers

Age: 37 Team history: Green Bay Packers (2005 -) Super Bowl win: 2010 MVP: 2011, 2014, 2020

Aaron Rodgers is a beast on the field. He is known to be one of the most accurate passers of all time. He set the single-game franchise record with a perfect 158.3 passer rating in 2009.

Drafted in the first round of the 2005 draft, he sat behind Brett Favre during the first three years of his career. He took over the starting job after Favre retired in 2008 and has been keeping the job ever since then. 

The 2020 NFL Draft had the best WR class for a long time, and Rodgers hoped that he would finally get a weapon (Packers haven’t drafted a receiver since the 2002 draft). When they traded up for a pick in the first round, everyone had big expectations. Well. The Packers drafted QB Jordan Love. Yes, when one of the best QB in the NFL, Aaron Rodgers still got 4 years left on his contract. I don’t even want to say anything more about this, and rather link this video from the Pat McAfee Show where you can see diehard Packers fan, Ty Schmit’s reaction. Fun fact before the video, like two minutes before the pick Ty said, “I swear to fucking God, if the Packers draft Jordan Love, I’m fucking done.” Well, they did. Here’s his reaction (they sometimes refer to Ty as Mel in the video as he was impersonating Mel Kiper all night): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4FZLM46-CFo (I seriously recommend you to watch this if you have 5 minutes, it’s amazing) 

Despite the fact that the Packers did not pick any receiver, the team did get to the NFC Championship where Brady defeated them. Rodgers also had an MVP season with 4,299 passing yards and 48 touchdowns. 

Ben Roethlisberger

Age: 38 Team history: Pittsburgh Steelers (2004 -) Super Bowl wins: 2005, 2008

BigBen has been one of the most efficient passers in NFL history. He is currently ranked 7th all-time in NFL career passing yards and 12th all-time in passer rating (94.3).

Philip Rivers

Age: 39 Team history: Indianapolis Colts (2020), San Diego/Los Angeles Chargers (2004 - 2019)

Philip Rivers is one of the best who has ever done it and got nothing back in return. Rivers played 16 seasons with the Chargers, and one with the Colts before retiring after the previous season.

The Chargers plan to sign Rivers for a one day contract after the new league year starts so he can retire officially as a Charger. 

Dadgummit, call me selfish but I am very happy that he went to the Colts last year. The Chargers drafted Justin Herbert to be his replacement and look at him, ROTY. 

Russell Wilson

Age: 32 Team history: Seattle Seahawks (2012 -) Super Bowl win: 2013

He has been named to eight Pro Bowls and has started in two Super Bowls, winning one of them in 2013. He holds the record for most wins by an NFL quarterback through nine seasons (98), and is one of four quarterbacks in NFL history with a career passer rating over 100.

Alex Smith

Age: 36 Team history: San Francisco 49ers (2005 - 2012), Kansas City Chiefs (2013 - 2017), Washington Football Team (2018 -)

I am not a WFT supporter, hell I don’t even watch their games, but this man right here is one of the biggest warriors on planet Earth.

In 2018, in a game against the Texans, Smith suffered a life-threatening injury.  He suffered a spiral and compound fracture to his tibia and fibula in his right leg when he was sacked. Following the initial surgery, Smith developed life-threatening necrotizing fasciitis that resulted in sepsis which required him to undergo 17 surgeries, including eight debridements, across four separate hospital stays over a period of nine months. Doctors had even suggested that an amputation above the knee might be his only option before performing skin grafts and an operation transferring muscle from his left quadriceps to save it. (Source: Wikipedia)

Despite all of that, Alex Smith returned to the field in Week 5 of the 2020 season and led the team 5-1 as a starter. He was named NFL Comeback Player of the Year, and many suggested to officially rename the award the Alex Smith Comeback Player of the Year. 

[virgocity]

I’ve officially hit my (preliminary) goal of watching 100 horror movies.

Here’s my picks for 5 best and 5 worst.

My top 5 horror movies:

Creep (2014)

Gerald’s Game (2017)

The Ritual (2017)

V/H/S/2 (2013)

Clinical (2017)

My 5 absolute worst bottom-of-the-barrel horror movies:

Hostel (2005)

Bleed (2016)

The Last Shift (2014)

The Windmill (2016)

Compound Fracture (2013)

[ultrajaphunter]

(via Reviving the Petroleum Administration for War: A Case for Government-Industry Partnership - War on the Rocks)

REVIVING THE PETROLEUM ADMINISTRATION FOR WAR: A CASE FOR GOVERNMENT-INDUSTRY PARTNERSHIP RYAN P. KELLOGG AND DAVID BRUNNERTAUGUST 2, 2022 COMMENTARYGAO oil rig The Russo-Ukrainian War is exposing deep fissures in global energy networks and finally forcing Western capitals to address their energy security. The prices for crude oil and natural gas in the United States have risen approximately 50 percent and 100 percent respectively since December 2021, with even higher prices for U.S. allies in Europe. Combined, these increases are pushing inflation to 40-year highs and threatening to tip many developed economies into recession. The economic pain is causing instability in the developing world and weakening NATO cohesion on Ukraine.

To confront this profound challenge, policy should consider creating a partnership between government and industry for managing energy resources. We believe the Biden administration should look to the World War II-era Petroleum Administration for War as a model. A 21st-century Petroleum Administration for War would focus on supply chain resiliency and price shock mitigation measures to rapidly increase oil and natural gas volumes when needed, with the ultimate goal of delivering lasting energy security to the United States and its allies.

BECOME A MEMBER

The Petroleum Administration for War, first known as the Office of Petroleum Coordinator for National Defense, was created in 1941 to marshal America’s diverse production, refining, and transportation assets for the war effort. The administration relied on deep industry buy-in, leveraging the technical and commercial know-how of the private sector for its remarkable success. An updated version of this approach — call it the Energy Security Agency — could again facilitate government-industry cooperation, enabling the U.S. government to partner with domestic producers to address key energy security challenges.

The Rise and Fall of Shale

Today’s crisis marks a dramatic reversal of the halcyon days of the “shale revolution,” the period from 2007 to 2014 when U.S. domestic oil production nearly doubled and energy security seemed assured through the independent actions of private firms responding to price signals. This breathtaking expansion was driven by the new technology of hydraulic fracturing and massive influxes of capital investment chasing yields in an environment with low interest rates and rising commodity prices. In 2014, Goldman Sachs proclaimed that the United States would replace the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries as the primary “swing producer,” effectively putting a ceiling on global prices for oil. Once captive to autocratic regimes, U.S. energy security, defined by steady supplies at affordable prices, would be assured by domestic production delivered solely by a nimble, innovative private sector.

However, when the dust settled on the 2010s, oil and gas companies were the worst performing sector of the S&P 500. As a whole, the oil and gas segment delivered dismal returns of 6 percent versus the benchmark’s 190 percent over the course of the decade. Despite bringing down drilling and completion costs by 40 percent between 2014 and 2021, the shale model was not working due to rapid initial decline rates of new wells and lower commodity prices. Investors, in seeking to recoup their losses, now demand disciplined spending and low debt levels. As a result, since January 2021 annualized U.S. domestic production growth has not responded to higher prices, remaining at an anemic 3 percent compared to growth rates of 13 percent and 19 percent following similar price increases in 2011 and 2018 respectively.

The industry’s newfound financial prudence compounded steadily with emerging structural changes in climate investing. Beginning in 2004, the Environment, Social, and Corporate Governance framework grew out a U.N. report calling for ethical reforms to capitalism following the Enron and WorldCom scandals. This framework led to a steady reduction in investment dollars available to oil and gas firms. Private equity, university trusts, sovereign wealth funds, and public pensions are actively divesting from fossil fuels. These investors are motivated by ethical concerns, but perhaps more importantly, growing financial risks. With the U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change setting the goal of net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, investors are increasingly worried that existing oil and gas reserves will be stranded in an environment where it is no longer profitable to produce them.

In short, capital markets have grown increasingly reluctant to fund fossil fuel investments following a decade of poor returns, price volatility, and growing concern over climate change. As such, domestic producers, subject to these market forces, can no longer supply the volumes needed to moderate price increases. This shortfall is particularly acute following decades of chronic underinvestment in oil and gas infrastructure outside the United States, a post-pandemic surge in demand, and Western sanctions of Russian energy. These overlapping changes in the capital markets strip U.S. domestic oil and gas producers of the money and incentive needed to be the world’s swing producer — thus endangering the affordability part of the energy security equation.

A Model for Government Leadership

Recognizing that U.S. producers are unlikely to ride to the rescue, the Biden administration is pursuing a kitchen sink strategy toward lowering prices for consumers. On the domestic front, this involves tapping the Strategic Petroleum Reserve, allowing higher biofuel blends for gasoline, admonishing U.S producers and refiners for obscene profits, and offering up a potential federal gas tax holiday. Abroad, the administration is seeking more production from autocratic states within the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries Plus, specifically Venezuela, Iran, and Saudi Arabia. With Saudi Arabia in particular, this strategy is resulting in a major reversal of administration policy. But this has done little to ease global energy prices. Thus, Russian sanctions are weaker and the unified NATO support for Ukraine is in peril.

Short-term solutions are limited, and calls for austerity have been met with little enthusiasm. But the administration has a unique opportunity to forge a new approach towards energy security built around much stronger public-private engagement. Fortunately, this type of partnership has a historical precedent: the World War II-era Petroleum Administration for War.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt formed the Petroleum Administration for War in May 1941 after declaring a national emergency in response to Nazi threats against U.S. shipping. The organization’s mission was to secure adequate supplies of petroleum products at “the proper places and at reasonable prices to meet civilian and military needs.”

The Petroleum Administration for War operated as an independent agency reporting directly to the president. It was led by Harold Ickes, the Secretary of the Interior. Ickes insisted on putting industry at its center to help address the complexity of the task in front of him and avoid the massive government staffing required for a more top-down approach. At the head of the agency was a National Office, composed of a cadre of government leaders alongside a national industry committee, which was made up of 450 private sector executives. Supporting the National Office were regional district committees comprised mostly of industry leaders and technical staff. In its daily operations, the National Office coordinated with other wartime agencies to set overarching goals and then tasked the industry-led committees to advise on the technical processes and operating plans to achieve them.

Where the United Kingdom effectively nationalized its oil champion Shell, the United States used the Petroleum Administration for War to pursue a path of cooperation and buy-in from its domestic producers. The approach was tremendously successful in supplying petroleum products to the frontlines, increasing total oil production by 30 percent between 1940 and 1945. At the war’s end, the U.S. Joint Chiefs commended the  Petroleum Administration for War, stating that “no government agency and no branch of American industry achieved a prouder war record.” In a testament to the effectiveness of this approach, the close working relationship between the U.S. government and industry continued in the post-war years. With a focus on managing supply and affordability through multiple crises in the Middle East, this partnership was vital in maintaining the country’s role as a swing producer up through the 1967 Arab oil embargo.

The key to the agency’s success was the deep level of participation and buy-in from domestic producers. This commitment grew out of an organizational structure built around industry committees staffed by thousands of executives and technical experts. These committees, which worked on a voluntary basis and were organized by functional area, performed the engineering and logistical work required to produce, refine, and transport petroleum products for military and domestic use. While the Petroleum Administration for War provided strategic direction and oversight, these committees not only executed plans, but also served as a valuable sounding board to shape more effective government policy. Assessing the results in 1946, Wharton professor William Newman concluded the agency provided “unusually effective” private-public cooperation in an era where joint action between industry and government was common, but not always value-adding.

The circumstances in which the Petroleum Administration for War succeeded aren’t that different from the circumstances today. In the 1940s, there was deep suspicion and distrust between government and domestic industry, driven by anti-trust concerns instead of today’s environmental issues. Moreover, like it is today, the mid-century oil industry was composed of many competing firms of various sizes with differing incentives, risk tolerances, and commercial capabilities.

What this current era seems to lack is the national political unity that arose from the existential threat faced by the United States during World War II. But the winds of change, at least around industrial policy, may be blowing. In addition to the obvious wake-up call provided by the Russo-Ukrainian War, there’s clear bipartisan unity around the need to counter China’s global rise. As seen by the recent passage of the Chips and Science Act to support domestic semi-conductor manufacturing, the United States is still capable of agreeing on meaningful national industrial policy. As such there may be a path forward for public-private initiatives around national security issues like energy, despite the general political divisiveness.

A New Energy Security Administration

We believe a 21st-century Petroleum Administration for War would be an asset to the security of both the United States and its allies. This partnership between government and industry should be built around the features that Newman identified as crucial for the Petroleum Administration for War’s success: clear agreement on objectives; a laser focus on well-defined problems; an emphasis on technical expertise, not politics; and mutual trust and respect.

With this spirit in mind, we propose a new Energy Security Administration, organized around addressing four main challenges: supply resiliency, refining capacity, natural gas transport, and climate change mitigation. As with the Petroleum Administration for War, the government, in close consultation with industry advisors, would provide the overarching goals and coordination for the Energy Security Administration, while industry committees would provide the technical analysis and implementation.

In terms of organization, the Department of Energy would be the most logical cabinet member to take the lead, in close coordination with the Departments of Defense, Interior, Transportation, and State. The National Petroleum Council, an underutilized advisory committee established following the success of the Petroleum Administration for War, could serve as a jumping off point for a more integrated approach with industry leaders. The initial focus for the Energy Security Administration should be contingency planning to address everything from supply disruptions due to natural disaster to the resource needs of a full-scale war.

Consider supply resiliency. In March 2022, the Biden administration committed to withdrawing one million barrels per day from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve over a six-month period. Although it had a muted impact on prices due to the much larger loss of Russian volumes from global markets, it was notable as only the second time the reserve has been used as a mechanism to impact affordability.

Better government-industry coordination could build on the Strategic Petroleum Reserve’s ability to rapidly add supply. Consider the benefits of creating a strategic reserve of drilled but uncompleted wells. These are wells that have been constructed but not yet hydraulically fractured. A “Strategic Drilled but Uncompleted Well Reserve” would be built over time on federal leases. It could be modeled after the Naval Petroleum Reserves — a series of proven oil fields that served as an emergency fuel source for much of the 20th century. Although a variety of contractual structures are possible, the basic goal would be to create an incentive for companies to drill additional inventory beyond what market forces would dictate. Drilling these strategic reserve wells alongside other wells ensures that technical efficiencies and lower costs are realized. Building an inventory over several years sufficient to produce 2 to 3 million barrels per day for a few months would be an ideal complement to the Strategic Petroleum Reserve and would help restore America’s historic ability to moderate global prices.

An Energy Security Administration could also improve the supply and transportation of natural gas. Natural gas is important both in liberating U.S. allies from dependence on Russia and indispensable as a transition fuel source for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Although ongoing investment in liquid natural gas terminals and pipeline transport will be core to the European Union’s ability to wean itself off Russian gas, aggressively increasing gas production on the continent could also contribute significantly. An Energy Security Administration, relying on industry committees, could provide vital technical, commercial, and policy guidance on developing Europe’s shale reserves. While early assessments of viability of European gas production were pessimistic,  dramatic advances in well construction techniques forged in the crucible of a hyper-competitive U.S. shale business over the last five years have altered the economic calculus. Moreover, justified concerns over methane emissions can now be effectively addressed. In a significant reversal, U.S. utilities and gas producers dropped lifecycle emissions 17 percent from 2005 to 2015 and have consistently demonstrated that natural gas is a cleaner fuel source than coal.

Although much of the focus of a nascent Energy Security Agency would be on the ability to rapidly increase oil and gas supplies in times of crisis, climate change mitigation and decarbonization should also be incorporated into the organization’s DNA. The oil and gas industry is increasingly comfortable with renewable technologies, leading investment in carbon capture and storage, geothermal energy, and hydrogen production. Furthermore, any large-scale transition to renewables will require the implementation of long-duration energy storage to resolve the intermittency challenge associated with solar and wind. This in turn will require repurposing oil and gas reservoirs to store energy as compressed air or water on a massive scale. By building a closer working partnership between government and industry, an Energy Security Administration could forge the flexible, integrated relationship between regulatory agencies, utilities, and local communities that would make this possible.

The advantages offered by an engaged partnership between government and domestic energy providers are immense. They include building emergency oil and gas supplies to lessen price shocks, maximizing global natural gas production as a transition fuel, and creating a shared strategy based on decarbonization

As members of the oil and gas industry, we and our colleagues are eager to be part of the solution to ensure the United States and its allies can access sustainable and affordable energy without interruption. The Russo-Ukrainian War has given Washington and other NATO capitals a newfound focus on energy security, creating the opportunity to forge a new path forward. Prior to meeting with industry executives on June 23, Energy Secretary Jennifer Granholm remarked, “this is an honest conversation… how we can be partners in providing relief to people.” We believe this spirit of partnership is the right one to build on delivering long-term energy security to the United States and its allies.

BECOME A MEMBER

Ryan P. Kellogg is an investor and manager in the oil and gas industry with 18 years of experience. His work with Occidental Petroleum in Long Beach, California, and Shell in Groningen, the Netherlands, featured uniquely close government-industry interaction. Kellogg earned a B.S. in chemical engineering and international relations from North Carolina State University and an M.B.A. from the University of California-Los Angeles. His work has appeared in the Society of Petroleum Engineering journals, and he currently co-hosts a biweekly podcast featuring energy policy and its impact on U.S. foreign policy, Kellogg’s Global Politics.  

David Brunnert is an investor and executive in the oil and gas industry with over 25 years of experience. His previous employers have included Key Energy Services, where he served as COO, and Weatherford International. A graduate of Ranger School, Brunnert started his career as an officer in the 82nd Airborne Division, where he served as platoon leader during Desert Shield/Storm. Brunnert earned a B.S. in mechanical engineering from the United States Military Academy and a Master of mechanical engineering from the University of Houston. His work has appeared in the Society of Petroleum Engineering journals and he is a named inventor on over 40 patents.

[junker-town]

Tiger Woods’ status for The Masters 2022, explained and updated

Photo by Andrew Redington/Getty Images

Tiger Woods could be marking his return to pro golf. Let’s look at what got us here.

It’s been a long time since we’ve seen Tiger Woods compete in a professional tournament, but the golfing icon might be ready to get back on the course — or maybe not. One of the major stories leading up to The Masters this week is whether or not Tiger will play in his first event since his horrific February 2021 car accident. While realistically nobody thinks Woods can win, everyone wants to see him back on the course.

Tiger’s potential return is something everyone wants to see. The former No. 1 is still the draw of the golf world, even if he hasn’t held the top spot since 2014. This has led to a fevered pitch at Augusta as people hang off every warm up, each appearance, even his footwear to try and glean information on whether Woods will compete this week or not.

What happened in his car accident?

Early in the morning of February 23, 2021 reports emerged that Woods had been involved in a serious car accident. A single-vehicle crash, Woods was involved in a rollover in which his SUV ran off the road at a reported 80 miles per hour, close to Ranchos Palos Verdes, California.

After leaving the road, Woods’ vehicle rolled down a steep incline, coming to rest at the bottom of a ditch, resting on its side. Emergency personnel had to remove Woods from the vehicle using the jaws of life, and while his injuries were not life-threatening, he was transported to the Harbor-UCLA Medical Center with serious injuries.

The breadth of Woods’ numerous injuries were incredibly severe for a pro athlete. He suffered open fractures (commonly referred to as “compound fractures”) to the tibia and fibula in his right leg and ankle, as well as structural and soft tissue damage to his right ankle.

Speaking to the media in November of 2021, Woods detailed how serious his injuries were. He said the damage to his leg was so extensive that “amputation was on the table,” though doctors were able to save his limb through surgical intervention.

When did Tiger last compete?

We last saw Tiger on the course at the father/son PNC Championship in December, when Tiger and Charlie Woods finished second to John Daly and John Daly II — though that was largely a relaxed, pro-am atmosphere.

It’s been almost 18 months since Woods last competed in a professional event, coincidentally enough at The Masters 2020. Covid delayed the event, pushing the Augusta tradition from March to November of 2020, and saw Woods finish 38th.

Still, The Masters have always been special for Tiger. In 2019 he stunned the world by winning winning the event from long odds. He earned his fifth green jacket, breaking a tie with Jack Nicklaus and putting him just one away from tying Arnold Palmer for 1st.

Is it realistic to think he will return?

No, not really — but it’s here things get trickier. The possibility for Woods’ return has been something on the cards for this year, but when asked Woods has downplayed coming back for The Masters 2022.

As recently as Sunday he threw water on rumors he was getting ready to come back this week by saying he was a “game time decision,” but more notably pointed out just how much rehabilitation he’s been working on, not to play golf, but simply live his life.

“I’m still working on the walking part. My foot was a little messed up there about a year ago, so the walking part is something that I’m still working on, working on strength and development in that. It takes time. What’s frustrating is it’s not at my timetable. I want to be at a certain place, but I’m not. I’ve just got to continue working. I’m getting better, yes. But as I said, not at the speed and rate that I would like. You add in the age factor too. You just don’t quite heal as fast, which is frustrating.”

Woods went on to add that any kind of golf practice has been exceedingly limited. He told reporters that he has been putting and chipping the ball, pointing out that it’s going well, but that he’s had next to no practice driving the ball or working on his long game.

Still, rumors swirled — especially when The Masters released a list of former champions who wouldn’t be playing in 2022, with Woods’ name notably off the list. It would seem the door was open for Tiger to make a triumphant return, despite all signs pointing to him still being a long, long way from returning to competition.

But he’s in Augusta, right?

Yes, but it’s important to not conflate that with “he’s playing.” There’s ample reason for Woods to be involved in The Masters in some capacity other than playing. The Champion’s Dinner has long been an occasion for winners of the past to appear at Augusta, serving as the de facto social gathering of the year for professional golfers.

This also marks his first major return to the spotlight in the world of professional golf, which means Woods could be using his appearance at the event to get the media attention out of the way now, so when he is ready to get back on the course he won’t be met with the same level of scrutiny.

What’s this I heard about his shoes?

Everyone is clamoring for some sign that Woods could come back, because that’s how much people want to see Tiger play again. This also occurred Sunday when people noticed he was practicing in FootJoy brand shoes, rather than his signature Nikes.

Marketing themselves as a “more comfortable golfing shoe,” Woods wearing FootJoys has prompted speculation that he’s more serious about trying to play than he’s letting on. Changing shoes would be significant in light of his long-term sponsor, though many have taken the switch to FootJoy to mean that he’s looking for some foot relief and comfort that would allow him to walk comfortably on his surgically repaired leg during The Masters.

These rumors seem to have at least some teeth, with Nike issuing a statement that was supportive of their athlete, but acknowledged their products might not be suited for him right now.

“Like golf fans around the world, we are delighted to see Tiger back on the course,” Nike said in a statement. “He is an incredible athlete, and it is phenomenal to see him returning to the game at this level. His story continues to transcend sport and inspire us all. As he continues his return, we will work with him to meet his new needs.”

So look, will Tiger play?

Only Tiger Woods can answer that. Honestly, the sense is that he really, really wants to return, but he’s just not there yet. The question then pivots to whether Tiger would take to Augusta knowing his game is limited and he might not be able to finish a round, or would he rather wait until he can return at his best?

History tells us Woods would sooner skip an event than deliver a sub-par performance, but this is very different to his past injuries. The world would completely understand if he can’t play, or is forced to retire early — and nobody has any illusions that Tiger could shock the field in 2022 and win The Masters.

Whatever happens next, Tiger will be the talk of Augusta until the tournament begins on Thursday. If he’s able to go, the reception he gets at that first tee could be the most emotional we’ve ever seen.

[thekillerblogofkillers]

M. Jaishankar (1977-2018)

M. Jaishankar, also known as Psycho Shankar, was an Indian serial killer known for his spate of rapes/murders between 2008 & 2011. He is believed to have been involved in around 30 rape, murder and robbery cases across Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. He was accused of killing at least 19 women. After being captured by Indian authorities, Jaishankar was incarcerated in Bangalore, where he was diagnosed as being mentally ill. He committed suicide after an unsuccessful escape attempt in February 18. Jaishankar’s crimes are known to have begun around 2008. The first crime of his to be reported occurred on July 3, 2009, when he attempted to rape & murder P. Shyamala, 45. By August of that year he had raped & murdered 12 women, and raped a further 6 women. Jaishankar kept a machete in his bag, killing whoever resisted him. He would kidnap sex workers near dhabas (roadside cafes) on highways, raping and killing them brutally. He also targeted women living in farmhouses or other, similar, rural areas.

On August 23, 2009, Jaishankar raped & murdered 39-year-old police constable M. Jayamani. Usually stationed at the all-women police station in Kangeyam, Jayamani was on temporary assignment at Perumanallur for the visit of deputy chief minister M.K. Stalin. Jaishankar kidnapped her, raped her multiple times, and killed her. The police found her body 1 month later. Jaishankar and his accomplice P. Mohan Selvam were charged with the murder of 50-year-old K. Thangammal Ponnaya on September 10, 2009. The pair were acquitted in this case in 2014 due to insufficient evidence. The Tiruppur police began a manhunt for Jaishankar & arrested him on October 19, 2009. He was locked up at the Coimbatore Central Prison & was charged with 13 counts of rape & murder in Tiruppur, Salem & Dharmapuri. Whilst in custody he confessed that he enjoyed torturing women before raping & killing them. On March 17, 2011, police took Jaishankar to a fast-track court in Dharmapuri for a murder trial. The following day, armed reserve police constables M. Chinnasamy & Rajavelu were assigned to escort him back to Coimbatore. On this journey, Jaishankar managed to escape at the Salem bus stand at around 9:30pm. 2 days later, Chinnasamy shot himself due to shame. Jaishankar escaped to Karnataka, where he raped and murdered 6 women in a month in Bellary. He also killed a man & a child in Dharmapuri. At the end of April 2011 the police managed to trace his phone to Delhi. They initially believed that he had dumped his phone there, but in May, they traced his calls to Mumbai, where he stopped using it. A special team, made up of 2 sub-inspectors and 15 other officers, was assigned to find & arrest Jaishankar.

By May of 2011 the police had distributed wanted posters in public places across Karnataka & Tamil Nadu, looking for information about Jaishankar’s whereabouts. On the evening of May 4, 2011, he reached Elagi village in Karnataka on a stolen motorcycle. He approached Chandrakala Hotagi, working alone in a field, asking her for water & food. He proceeded to try and rape her, but she raised the alarm and her husband came to her rescue, along with a friend. Jaishankar tried to run away but Prakash Hotagi and other villages caught him and took him to the Zalaki police station. He was handed over to the Chitradurga police on May 5, 2011. Following his arrest he was kept at the Parappana Agrahara Central Jail in Bangalore – he was sentenced to 27 years in prison. Whilst at the jail he received treatment for psychiatric problems. On August 31, 2013, police took Jaishankar to the courthouse in Tumkur near Bangalore. After returning that evening, Jaishankar faked illness & was admitted to the prison hospital wing. There, he managed to get hold of a duplicate key & used it at 2am on September 1, 2013, when the daily guard change occurred. Police suspected that an insider helped him get the key. Jaishankar scaled a 20 foot wall, then walked across a 15 foot wall before finally climbing the 30 foot high compound wall. He then managed to safely cross the electric fence, since, luckily for him, it was not functional that night. It was reported that he carried a bamboo pole with him to balance on the walls & a bedsheet to use for cushioning the glass pieces on top of the wall. Jaishankar was injured during the escape & drops of his blood were discovered outside the outer wall. It was also reported that he was wearing a prison uniform during the escape. 11 jail staff, including 3 wardens, 2 jailors & 6 security guards, were suspended as a result of the escape. Police issued a red alert to all Karnataka police stations, also urging women to be careful in isolated areas. A reward of ₹ 500,000 was announced for any information leading to Jaishankar’s arrest. Police also analysed his behaviour, psychology and history in an attempt to predict his next actions. 10,000 wanted posters & 75,000 pamphlets with photographs of Jaishankar & in 5 languages (Hindi, Kannada, Marathi, Tamil, and Telugu) were printed. These were distributed in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Maharashtra.

During his 2nd escape Jaishankar had fractured his leg jumping from the 30 foot high wall of the prison compound. He didn’t contact his family in Tamil Nadu, but soon after his escape a police informant managed to get in touch with him. This informant lured Jaishankar to a dilapidated building near the Kudlu gate in Bangalore, promising him a motorcycle in order to escape the city. Instead, police arrested him at noon on September 6, 2013. It cost the government over ₹ 75,000 to treat his fractured leg at the Victoria Hospital, in an operation on September 23. After the surgery Jaishankar was sent to Central Prison in Bangalore with 24/7 CCTV monitoring his cell along with extra lights. The lock on his cell door was designed to be unreachable by the person within. It was also decided that in case of illness, Jaishankar would be treated in his cell, rather than being taken to the hospital wing. Police also agreed to deploy extra security while escorting him to trials in order to minimise the chance of escape. On February 25, 2018, Jaishankar unsuccessfully attempted a 3rd prison escape & was subsequently held in solitary confinement. 2 days later he committed suicide by slitting his throat with a shaving blade that he had acquired from a barber the day before. Jail staff discovered him lying in a pool of blood at 2:30am, during their daily rounds, and gave first aid. He was later moved to Victoria Hospital and it is there that he was declared dead at 5:10am.

[skullboneandunown]

An Unexpected Development pt. 3

Donovan stands there awkwardly, as the other Guardians of the Multiverse stare at him expectantly. “...Uh...I guess this is where I explain myself? Alright then...A few years back my world was threatened by reality warping creatures called Unown. They were driven out of control due to the Multiverse beginning to fracture and fall into madness. I went into their dimension to address the issue directly, and found that cracks in space-time were forming all over their home. As I closed each fracture, the Unown began to calm down and assist me. As we finally sealed all the fractures, I sensed The Watcher observing me. He asked for my assistance due to an alternate version of Thanos became aware of the existence of the Multiverse, and intended to ‘balance’ not just his world, but every world. He brought me to that Earth, where I made contact with the Avengers of that timeline. He succeeded in getting the stones, but only managed to snap away half of all life in that timeline. He portaled away, and destroyed the stones because he wasn’t strong enough to keep using them. Five years later, Tony Stark invented time travel, we got the stones from different points in time, but the Thanos from 2014 followed us into the present, and destroyed the Avengers Compound. Bruce Banner snapped back everyone that was dusted, and pretty much fought the biggest battle that timeline has ever seen. Thanos got his hands on the stones, and tried to blast Tony away, but I got in the path of Thanos’ attack, and absorbed a massive amount of power from the stones. Long story short, Tony snapped Thanos and his forces away, and somehow survived despite being a normal human.”

The Watcher nods, and addresses the group. “Donovan has the most experience when it comes to the might of all six stones. As such, his assistance would be invaluable to our plan to stop Ultron.” He explains the plan to everyone, from Donovan and Strange stalling Ultron enough for the others to remove the stones so Gamora can destroy them with her Infinity Crusher. With the plan set, the group are sent to a universe devoid of any sentient life, a perfect place to hide from Ultron. As Strange begins prepping protection spells for everyone, Donovan tinkers with the Ultron Sentry head as Gamora approaches him. “....So...you’ve fought my Father? I can’t say I blame you though. I suppose he’s a tyrant in almost every universe. Although I’d like to see the version of T’challa’s universe.” Donovan nods, and looks to ‘Star Lord’. “I agree. It’d be nice to meet a version of Thanos that isn’t trying to kill everything.” The two make a small glance to Killmonger, who’s taking small peeks at the Ultron head Donovan has. Gamora huffs and looks to Donovan. “I take it neither of us trust him.” Donnie nods. “Yeah. He has the eyes of a conqueror.” The two are called over to a toast, a very very awkward toast from Strange, before T’challa saves the whole thing.....and Thor screws up the plan by alerting Ultron to their location. Strange voices his frustrations, and Round One commences...

[sciencespies]

Study links hydraulic fracking with increased risk of heart attack hospitalization, death

https://sciencespies.com/environment/study-links-hydraulic-fracking-with-increased-risk-of-heart-attack-hospitalization-death/

Study links hydraulic fracking with increased risk of heart attack hospitalization, death

The Marcellus Formation straddles the New York State and Pennsylvania border, a region that shares similar geography and population demographics. However, on one side of the state line unconventional natural gas development — or fracking — is banned, while on the other side it represents a multi-billion dollar industry. New research takes advantage of this ‘natural experiment’ to examine the health impacts of fracking and found that people who live in areas with a high concentration of wells are at higher risk for heart attacks.

“Fracking is associated with increased acute myocardial infarction hospitalization rates among middle-aged men, older men and older women as well as with increased heart attack-related mortality among middle-aged men,” said Elaine Hill, Ph.D., an associate professor in the University of Rochester Medical Center (URMC) Department of Public Health Sciences, and senior author of the study that appears in the journal Environmental Research. “Our findings lend support for increased awareness about cardiovascular risks of unconventional natural gas development and scaled-up heart attack prevention, as well as suggest that bans on hydraulic fracturing can be protective for public health.”

Natural gas extraction, including hydraulic fracking, is a well-known contributor to air pollution. Fracking wells operate around the clock and the process of drilling, gas extraction, and flaring — the burning off of natural gas byproducts — release organic compounds, nitrogen oxide, and other chemicals and particulates into the air. Additionally, each well requires the constant transportation of equipment, water, and chemicals, as well as the removal of waste water from the fracking process, further contributing to air pollution levels. Fracking wells remain in operation for several years, prolonging exposure to people who work at the wells sites and those who live nearby.

Instead of the typical single source of industrial air pollution, such as a factory or power plant, fracking entails multiple well sites spread across a large, and often rural, geographic area. In 2014, there were more than 8,000 fracking well sites in Pennsylvania. Some areas of the state have a dense population of fracking wells — three Pennsylvania counties have more than 1,000 sites. Contrast that with New York State, which has essentially banned the process of hydraulic fracking since 2010.

Exposure to air pollution is recognized as a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Other research has shown that the intensity of oil and gas development and production is positively associated with diminished vascular function, blood pressure, and inflammatory markers associated with stress and short-term air pollution exposure. Light and noise pollution from the continuous operation of the wells are also associated with increasing stress, which is another contributor to cardiovascular disease.

The research team decided to measure the impact of fracking on cardiovascular health by studying heart attack hospitalization and death rates in 47 counties on either side of the New York and Pennsylvania state line. Using data from 2005 to 2014, they observed that heart attack rates were 1.4 to 2.8 percent higher in Pennsylvania, depending upon the age group and level of fracking activity in a given county.

The associations between fracking and heart attack hospitalization and death were most consistent among men aged 45-54, a group most likely to be in the unconventional gas industry workforce and probably the most exposed to fracking-related air pollutants and stressors. Heart attack deaths also increase in this age group by 5.4 percent or more in counties with high concentrations of well sites. Hospitalization and mortality rates also jumped significantly in women over the age of 65.

Fracking is more concentrated in rural communities, which the authors speculate may further compromise cardiovascular heath due to the trend of rural hospital closures. People who suffer from cardiovascular disease in these areas may be at increased risk of adverse health outcomes, including death, due to less access to care. The authors suggest that more should be done to raise awareness about fracking-related risks for cardiovascular disease and physicians should keep a closer eye on high risk patients who reside in areas with fracking activity. They also contend that the study should inform policymakers about the tradeoffs between public health and the economic activity generated by the industry.

“These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence on the adverse health impact of fracking,” said Alina Denham, a Ph.D. candidate in Health Policy at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry and first author of the study. “Several states, including New York, have taken the precaution of prohibiting hydraulic fracturing until more is known about the health and environmental consequences. If causal mechanisms behind our findings are ascertained, our findings would suggest that bans on hydraulic fracturing can be protective for human health.”

The study was funded with support from the National Institutes of Health Office of the Director.

Story Source:

Materials provided by University of Rochester Medical Center. Original written by Mark Michaud. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.

#Environment

[gonzopiano]

Hear the song 'Compound Fracture' from the album '2014' at - https://pianogonzology.blogspot.com/2021/04/compounded.html?spref=tw #gonzopiano

[sherlysylvia1897]

Volumil - How to use it?

What are the health benefits of bone broth?

 Often referred to as "liquid gold," bone broth provides many nutrients that are generally difficult to find from outside sources. As you will learn in this guide, the benefits of bone broth can be powerful.

Bone broth is made up of type 2 collagen, which is only found in animal bones and connective tissue. Type 2 collagen is a protein source that improves the health of the skin, teeth and joints; it could be considered as an anti-aging elixir.

But the benefits of bone broth don't end there.

Health benefits of bone broth

Drinking bone broth can improve your overall health and well-being. Read on to learn more about the top benefits that give bone broth its well-deserved nickname of liquid gold.

Metabolic and cardiovascular health

Glycine is an amino acid that is particularly abundant in bone broth. It plays a role in blood sugar regulation by controlling gluconeogenesis, the production of glucose in the liver, and has even been suggested to counteract some of the negative effects of consuming fructose in the diet.

Glycine has also been shown to reduce the size of heart attacks.

In addition, it balances the intake of methionine. Muscle fiber meats and eggs are rich in methionine, an amino acid that raises homocysteine ​​levels in the blood.

High homocysteine ​​is a significant risk factor for serious illnesses like heart disease, stroke, mental illness, and fractures, and it increases our need for homocysteine-neutralizing nutrients like vitamins B6, B12, folate, and choline.

People who eat a lot of animal protein need an adequate amount of glycine to balance the methionine in meat, and that is obtained from bone broth.

Skin health

The skin is made up of two layers: the epidermis and the dermis. The epidermis, or top layer, is made of keratinocytes and is largely responsible for the skin's barrier function. Underneath is the dermis, which is a dense matrix of collagen and GAG that provides structural and nutritional support.

Keratin, collagen, and GAGs are abundant in bone broth, particularly if the animal's skin is included in the cooking process.

Multiple studies have shown that collagen and gelatin, found in bone broth, can benefit your skin's health.

In a 2014 randomized controlled trial, consumption of collagen significantly improved skin elasticity and tended to improve skin moisture content. Collagen scaffolds are widely used in medical applications to promote tissue regeneration and heal wounds.

A study in mice found that supplementing the diet with gelatin could even protect against UV-induced skin damage.

GAGs also offer additional benefits for the skin. GAG hyaluronic acid has been shown to promote skin cell proliferation and increase the presence of retinoic acid, which improves skin hydration.

Dermatan sulfate has been shown to aid in cell turnover and wound repair.

Muscles and performance

The glycine in bone broth is also important for the synthesis of hemoglobin and myoglobin, which carry oxygen through blood and muscle tissue, respectively.

Glycine also increases creatine levels, which leads to an increase in the capacity for anaerobic (high intensity) exercise and stimulates the secretion of human growth hormone, which can enhance muscle repair.

Recent evidence suggests that proline may play a role in the regulation of the mTOR cell signaling pathway, which integrates signals from nutrients, growth factors, stress factors, and cellular energy status to affect cell growth and function.

Proline, along with other amino acids, activates mTOR, resulting in improved muscle protein synthesis.

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the chemical form of energy in the body that can be used to get work done. Phosphorus is required for the formation of this compound, and ATP cannot be biologically active unless it is bound to a magnesium ion.

Nutrient deficiencies in phosphorus have been shown to reduce muscle performance. Both phosphorus and magnesium are present in bone broth in modest amounts.

Bones and joints

It should be pretty obvious that the best way to get the nutrients you need to build bone is by eating bone-based foods.

Drinking bone broth provides all the raw materials for building healthy bones, including: Amino Acids, Phosphorus, Calcium, and more.

A deficiency in the raw materials for building bone can lead to a number of different conditions. For example, osteoporosis is associated with reduced levels of collagen and calcium in the bones.

Of course, to keep your bones healthy, you will also need the necessary nutrients to support the building process, such as vitamins D, K2 and C.

When it comes to joint health, GAG lubrication is the key to a full range of motion. GAGs allow part of one bone to slide smoothly and painlessly over part of another.

Sure, you could buy expensive supplements that contain glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate to keep your joints healthy, but why, when these and a host of other beneficial nutrients can be easily obtained from bone broth?

After all, GAGs are not the only component of the broth that improves joint health. Collagen can also benefit the joints.

In one study, researchers found that athletes experienced less joint pain after taking collagen supplements.

Benefits of bone broth for gut health

A healthy colon contains a single, tight layer of epithelial cells, a thick layer of mucus, and a diverse collection of microbes. Microbial dysbiosis and the thinning of this mucus layer can quickly compromise the integrity of the epithelial barrier and cause intestinal leakage.

In people with leaky gut, microbes and dietary proteins can "leak" into the bloodstream and invoke an inflammatory response from the immune system.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of bacterial cell walls, stimulates a particularly robust immune response.

Eating bone broth is an effective way to heal the gut. Gelatin absorbs water and helps maintain the mucus layer that keeps gut microbes away from the gut barrier.

In a mouse model, gelatin supplementation reduced the severity of colitis by strengthening the mucus layer and altering the composition of the gut microbiota.

Gelatin and glycine have also been shown to reduce the inflammation caused by LPS.

Glycine has also been shown to protect against gastric ulcers. Glutamine also helps maintain the integrity of the intestinal mucosa and barrier. These are just a few of the reasons almost everyone should eat gelatin, glycine, and glutamine.

Benefits of spindle broth for digestion

Bone broth has many benefits for gut health. Drinking broth with meals is a great way to aid digestion.

Glycine stimulates the production of stomach acid, which is essential for the proper digestion of any food. Low stomach acid (hypochlorhydria) is surprisingly common in developed countries and can lead to a number of health problems, such as heartburn and GERD.

Glycine is also an important component of bile acid, which is released to aid in the digestion of fats in the small intestine. Bile acid is important for maintaining normal cholesterol levels in the blood.

The presence of gelatin in the intestine also draws fluid into the intestine, which improves intestinal motility and supports healthy bowel movements. Low levels of collagen in the blood have been associated with inflammatory bowel disease.

Detoxification, liver function and kidney health

Recently, there has been some concern regarding bone broth and lead toxicity. However, the vitamins and minerals that are abundant in bone broth, and in Paleo diets in general, can protect against the harmful effects of environmental toxins like lead.

Glycine also stimulates the production of glutathione, the body's main antioxidant.

In animal models, glycine has been shown to accelerate recovery from alcohol-induced fatty liver disease, protect liver cells against hypoxia, and improve survival after liver transplantation.

In humans, glycine reduces oxidative stress in people with metabolic syndrome.

Proline plays a role in apoptosis, the process by which the body breaks down old cells, cleans up waste products, and recycles raw materials for use in healthy cells.

Proline can scavenge free radicals, effectively acting as an antioxidant. Glutamine, on the other hand, acts as a non-toxic nitrogen transporter, transporting amine groups safely through the bloodstream to the kidney.

In the kidney, the conversion of glutamine to glutamate regulates the acid-base balance by producing ammonia.

Eye health

Yes, bone broth can help improve eye health. The cornea consists of three primary layers: an outer epithelial layer, an intermediate layer, and an inner layer.

Hyaluronic acid stimulates the proliferation of the epithelial cells that line the cornea and is commonly used during eye surgery to help replace lost fluids.

The middle, or stromal, layer is made largely of collagen, keratan sulfates, and chondroitin sulfates. Keratan sulfates have been shown to be essential for corneal transparency, while chondroitin sulfate influences the development of neural pathways in the retina.

The amino acid glycine has also been shown to slow the progression of cataracts in a rat model of diabetes.

Brain health

Many components of bone broth benefit the nervous system. The healthy fats in bone broth, especially if made from bone marrow, provide a source of fuel and raw material for the brain.

After all, more than 60 percent of the human brain is made up of fat.

Glycine has been shown to protect against neuronal death after ischemic stroke and likely plays a relevant role in brain development in utero and during the first months after birth.

Calcium is essential for nerve conduction. When a nerve cell is stimulated, the influx of calcium triggers the release of neurotransmitters, allowing the signal to pass to the next nerve cell. Calcium deficiency affects this transmission and can cause symptoms of: Insomnia, depression, hyperactivity.

Lastly, chondroitin sulfate plays an important role in regeneration and plasticity in the central nervous system, which means that it is essential for learning and memory.

Mood and sleep

For some people, bone broth helps improve mood and sleep. Glycine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, which means that it can: decrease anxiety, help with sleep, and promote mental calm.

One study found that three grams of glycine given to subjects before bed produced measurable improvements in sleep quality.

Unlike methionine, glycine does not compete with tryptophan for transport across the blood-brain barrier. Tryptophan is the precursor (raw material) of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that contributes to the feeling of well-being.

Serotonin, in turn, is a precursor to melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. This is why a diet that includes bone broth and fattier cuts of meat can help prevent depression and beat insomnia that some people experience from eating a diet rich in lean meat and methionine-rich eggs.

Immune function

While ancient folk wisdom suggests that a hot cup of bone broth can help calm sufferers and cure the common cold, modern studies have confirmed that components of bone broth can boost the immune system.

For example, glycine receptors have been identified on the outer surface of several different types of immune cells. The effect is a dampening of the immune response, resulting in reduced inflammatory signaling molecules and oxidative stress that can reduce damage to the lungs and other tissues.

Heparan sulfate GAG ​​has been shown to influence B-cell function, T-cell function, and macrophage activity.

Final notes

Long story short, there are an incredible amount of bone broth benefits, and this hot beverage has its roots in a long history of human use. It is an excellent addition to any diet and can be used in a multitude of meals.

When it comes to getting it, you can make your own bone broth at home, or you can buy it pre-made. Regardless of how you choose to get this liquid gold, be sure to make bone broth a staple in your diet.

Homemade bone broth is easy to make, and pre-made is also a good option. Just be sure to follow these steps when shopping.

Buy organic, pasture-raised bone broth. Buying broth that is organic and made from grass-raised animals or wild-caught fish will minimize toxins and maximize the nutrients you get from the product.

Don't buy bone broth that comes in cans or other plastic food containers that contain bisphenol A (BPA) or BPA substitutes. BPA is a powerful endocrine disruptor that carries a large number of health risks.

Volumil is a dietary supplement, which is said to help improve the power of hearing. It is claimed to come with 100 percent natural fixings and that claim alone has seen it being bought by so many people. If it is something you have been thinking of buying too, it is good you are reading this. I’m going to tell you why this formula might not be all you ever wanted.

Volumil