#charu roy

[haveyouseenthismovie-poll]

[byneddiedingo]

Charu Roy and Seeta Devi in A Throw of Dice (Franz Osten, 1929)

Cast: Seeta Devi, Charu Roy, Himansu Rai, Modhu Bose, Sarada Gupta, Tincory Charkrabarty. Lala Bijoykishen. Screenplay: Niranjan Pal, W.A. Burton, based on a story from the Mahabharata. Cinematography: Emil Schünemann. Art direction: Promode Nath. 

India would become one of the great filmmaking centers of the world, but the silent film A Throw of Dice, though one of the early classic films made in the subcontinent, was directed by a German, Franz Osten, who would be arrested in India in 1939 for being a member of the Nazi party. Osten was a prolific filmmaker who did much of his work in India, often in collaboration with actor-producer Himansu Rai, who plays the heavy in this story based on an episode in the Mahabharata. It's about two kings who fall in love with Sunita (Seeta Devi), the beautiful daughter of a hermit, Kanwa (Sarada Gupta), who has fled the corruptions of court life. When one of the kings, Ranjit (Charu Roy), wins the heart of Sunita, the other, Sohat (Rai), plots against him. He proposes a game of dice, with the stakes being each other's kingdom. Using loaded dice, Sohat not only wins Ranjit's kingdom and the hand of Sunita, but also tricks Ranjit into becoming his slave. But when Sohat's deception is uncovered, Ranjit's subjects mobilize and attack Sohat's palace. In desperation, Sohat leaps from a high cliff. It's a slight tale in the telling, but the beauty of the north Indian setting and the opulence of the palaces give the story a sumptuous frame. There's also a cast of thousands on display and a whole menagerie of tigers and elephants and other animals. 

[cinedel1al1001]

A4. Pranpancha Pash (1929)

La película de hoy es una producción Germano-India (técnicamente, Germano-Británica pues el subcontinente todavía estaba bajo el régimen colonial). Está basada en un cuento tradicional y, como suele ser habitual en éstos, su trama es predecible y los personajes cumplen su papel sin mayor profundidad. A esto se le suman unas interpretaciones muy estáticas, especialmente la de Charu Roy (el héroe de la cinta) que parece labrado en mármol poniendo siempre la misma expresión facial. No he encontrado información sobre él; pero parece que era sólo su segunda película. Me parece raro que le dieran con tan poca experiencia el papel protagonista en esta producción que debió ser muy costosa para la época.

Y ésta, la producción, es lo que más destaca del film: 10.000 extras, 1.000 caballos, elefantes, repito, elefantes (y muchos) y hasta algún tigre. Como decía John Hammond en Parque Jurásico: "No reparamos en gastos". Todo ese derroche unido a las espectaculares localizaciones convierten las numerosas escenas de festejos en un deleite para la vista. Además, se muestran varias ceremonias tradicionales indias que pueden resultar interesantes para quien no las conozca.

En definitiva, una película visualmente atractiva, bastante corta, pero argumentalmente plana. No te va cansar pero tampoco te vas a acordar de ella mañana.

Liquidada la crítica y viendo que esta es la última película muda que veremos por aquí, me gustaría decir algo sobre las restauraciones digitales tan de moda actualmente. Me parece muy necesario este proceso para preservar e incluso rescatar películas muy deterioradas o que se creían perdidas. La restauración es una herramienta esencial para no perder nuestro patrimonio cultural y poder legárselo a las generaciones futuras. Ese patrimonio les servirá de fuente de conocimiento e inspiración, les mostrará lo que hicieron las personas que le precedimos y podrán aprender de nuestros errores, construir sobre nuestros aciertos y añadir su contribución a ese legado.

Sin embargo, haciendo uso a la IA estamos viendo películas digitales perfectas, sin una sombra o mancha; incluso estamos dándoles color y reconstruyendo escenas perdidas. Estamos llegando a un punto en que estamos viendo las películas antiguas mucho mejor de lo que el público original las vio y, aunque eso pueda ser interesante para nosotros como espectadores, creo que el daño que le estamos haciendo a la Historia y nuestra memoria es irreparable. Cuando de aquí a 10 ó 20 años me acerque a un miembro de la Gen Z o posteriores y les pregunte "¿Cuándo crees tú que se empezó a usar el color en el cine?"; seguramente ni sepa que existieron alguna vez películas en blanco y negro. Y para muestra, un botón, ¿sabías querido lector que el cinematógrafo originalmente se movía con una manivela? Esa cadencia manual ralentizaba la película y provocaba un notorio parpadeo en la imagen. Te animo a que busques ese parpadeo en las nuevas versiones digitales de clásicos del cine mudo. No existe. Todo es prístino, nítido y agradable al ojo. Me da miedo pensar que nuestra memoria audiovisual se está despegando de nuestra Historia real porque ese hueco que estamos dejando en medio lo va a acaba ocupando alguien (La Naturaleza aborrece el vacío).

¿Queda alguien todavía que haya leído 1984?

12 de Marzo de 2024

[fiitjeepunecenter]

The International Science Olympiad Competition of Southeast Asia (ISOCSEA - 2023) Results.

👏 Twenty One (21) FIITJEE PUNE CENTRE Students showcased outstanding performance in ISOCSEA 2023 as total 19 Medals have been grabbed for the Nation

🥈 Silver Medalist: 04 Students

Aayush Singh (Class - 7)

Charu Karn, Ramasuparaj M, Suyash Sharma (Class - 9)

🥉 Bronze Medalist: 15 Students

Suchit Roy (Class - 6)

Shubham Dhumane, Vishwajeet Jadhav (Class - 7)

Shaurya Phadke, Shourya Sawant (Class - 8)

Atrey Kulkarni, Rohan Sinha, Vedant Khadke (Class -9)

Shivraj Pansambal (Class -10)

Aryan Mohite, Anchal Tamboli , Aryan Suratkar, Nuraj Chavan, Jidnyasa Patil, Jeevanayagam. S (Class - 11 and Class 12)

🎉 Honorable Mention: 2 Students

_We heartily congratulate all Meritorious Students with lots of wishes for all their future exams._

Regards FIITJEE Pune Centre

[newssy]

Kunal Jaisingh Replaces Mohit Kumar As Anirban Banerjee In 'Durga Aur Charu'

Kunal Jaisingh Joins ‘Durga Aur Charu'(Photo Credit –Instagram/Still From Durga Aur Charu) TV actor Kunal Jaisingh has replaced the male lead Mohit Kumar, who was playing the role of Anirban Banerjee in the show ‘Durga Aur Charu’ which stars Rachi Sharma as Durga and Adrija Roy as Charu. It is the second season of the show ‘Barrister Babu’ and revolves around two girls Durga and Charu, who are…

[indiejones]

INDIES TOP BOLLYWOOD ACTORS PER DECADE!

 1910’s TOP 10 -

Position

Name

Known For

1

Anna Salunke

Satyavadi Raja Harishchandra

2

Bhalachandra D. Phalke

Sati Tulsi Vrinda

3

R. Nataraja Mudaliar

Keechaka Vadham

4

Dorabji Mewawala

Kangal Kedi

5

G.V. Sane

Valmiki

6

D.D. Dabke

Satyavadi Raja Harishchandra

7

P.G. Sane

Raja Harishchandra

8

Ganpat G. Shinde

Narad Sansar

9

Purshottam Vaidya

Shri Krishna Janma

10

Subramanya Naidu

Markandeya

11

Neelkanth

Kaliya Mardan

  1920s TOP 340 -

1. .Anna Salunke 2. .Janibabu 3. .Mubarak 4. .Hiralal Dutta 5. .Lobo 6. .D.N. Potdar 7. .M. Ismail 8. .Asooji 9. .Haider Shah 10. .Master Mohan 11. .Master Vithal 12. .Ghulam Hussein 13. .Bachubabu 14. .Sakribai 15. .Prithviraj Kapoor 16. .Nripen Bose 17. .Fayma 18. .Amar Choudhury 19. .R. Budhker 20. .Chapgar 21. .Nilamani De 22. .Ardhendu Bandyopadhyay 23. .Tarak Bagchi 24. .Krishna Kumbhar 25. .Sayani Atish 26. .Yakbal 27. .Kunjalal Chakraborty 28. .Bhagwat 29. .Jamna 30. .Shankar 31. .Balabhai 32. .Kashinath Chatterjee 33. .Sorabji Kerawala 34. .V.S. Bapat 35. .Abhyankar 36. .Ghulam Qadir 37. .Ibrahim 38. .Dattopant Sohoni 39. .Baren Roy 40. .Syed Abdus Sobhan 41. .Bapurao Apte 42. .Homi Master 43. .Abdul Pahelwan 44. .Chittaranjan 45. .Ghanshyam Singh 46. .Gulzar 47. .Ghodke 48. .Sardar B. 49. .Bulbule 50. .Nawabzada Nasarullah 51. .Krishnadhan Mukherjee 52. .Atul Sen 53. .J.P. Gidwani 54. .Saqi 55. .Aziz 56. .Bhumen Roy 57. .Tulsi Bandyopadhyay 58. .Dave 59. .P.N. Varne 60. .Leslie 61. .Kantibhushan Bandyopadhyay 62. .Faruki 63. .Jal Balsara 64. .Tinkari Chakraborty 65. .Siraj 66. .Jal Merchant 67. .Puneger Bapeji 68. .Nooman 69. .Faredoon 70. .Prova 71. .Mohanlala 72. .Y.L. Chichulkar 73. .Shashimukhi 74. .Shanker Narmada 75. .A.R. Kardar 76. .Raja Sandow 77. .Amitav Ghosh 78. .Ramesh Niranjan 79. .Joy Narayan Mukherjee 80. .Abdul Rehman Kabuli 81. .Gopalchandra Bhattacharya 82. .Bidkar 83. .Surendranath Ghosh 84. .Vishnupant Pagnis 85. .Bankim Dutta 86. .Baburao Pendharkar 87. .Thatte 88. .Dhansukhlal Mehta 89. .Light Alias 90. .Anant Apte 91. .Kanjibhai Rathod 92. .Moni Burma 93. .Umar 94. .Abdul Razaq 95. .Anant Khule 96. .S. Nazir 97. .G.R. John 98. .Kisan Lal 99. .Khan 100. .Jadhavrao 101. .M. Hussein 102. .Baburao Gade 103. .Damuanna Joshi 104. .Kankabati 105. .Y.V. Rao 106. .Elizer 107. .Dilip Raiji 108. .Fram Sethna 109. .Wadilal 110. .Ahi Sanyal 111. .Dhirendranath Ganguly 112. .Chittaranjan Goswami 113. .Master Rehman 114. .Zunzharrao Pawar 115. .Bhagwati Mishra 116. .Tukaram Mandhere 117. .Sailen Chowdhury 118. .Himmat 119. .Durgadas Bandyopadhyay 120. .Anil Kumar 121. .Tayeb 122. .Charu Roy 123. .Suresh 124. .Master Bachu 125. .Kalipada Das 126. .Ram Kishore 127. .Nandram 128. .Noor Mohammad Charlie 129. .Tulsi Banerjee 130. .Boman Shroff 131. .Alibux 132. .Das 133. .B.K. Mistry 134. .T.P. Kailasam 135. .Ghori 136. .Jai Kishan Nanda 137. .Inamdar 138. .Lala Bijoykishen 139. .Nimai 140. .Hasam 141. .Krishnaji Ghanekar 142. .S. Bhopatkar 143. .Nanda Babu 144. .Nandrekar 145. .Himanshu Rai 146. .Bhanu Banerjee Sr 147. .S.B. Rajhans 148. .Master Bhagaban Das 149. .Jhadhavrao 150. .Khanderao Kondke 151. .Vijay Kumar 152. .Danibabu 153. .Ata Mohamed 154. .W.M. Khan 155. .Gangaram 156. .Nayampally 157. .Shankarrao Bhute 158. .Jairam Desai 159. .Dabir 160. .Baburao Sansare 161. .Dattoba Rajwade 162. .Atul Gangopadhyay 163. .Prafulla 164. .Kali Prasad Ghose 165. .Lalu Bose 166. .Suryakant 167. .Bapuji Punegar 168. .Sundarrao Nadkarni 169. .Hiralal 170. .Navinchandra 171. .Rustom Irani 172. .Harihar Diwana 173. .Tarakumar Bhaduri 174. .Nimai 175. .Sawan Singh 176. .Zaverbhai Kaiser 177. .Dinshaw Bilimoria 178. .Thomas 179. .Mazhar Khan 180. .Behram Vasania 181. .K. C. Roy 182. .Marathe 183. .Jagtap Jr 184. .Manoranjan Bhattacharya 185. .J.C. Daniel 186. .Diwan Sharar 187. .Phani Burma 188. .Athavle 189. .Gani Babu 190. .Sultan Alam 191. .Haridas 192. .Madanlal Vakil 193. .Amboo 194. .K.P.Bhave 195. .Faram 196. .Vishnu 197. .Deben Mullick 198. .Keshavlal 199. .H. Dhodke 200. .Kedar Chatterjee 201. .Mohammad Ishaq 202. .Balasaheb Yadav 203. .Bandopant Sohoni 204. .Balahai 205. .P.R. Joshi 206. .Padval 207. .E. Bilimoria 208. .Satyen 209. .Jaynarayan Mukherjee 210. .Baburao Shinde 211. .Surajram 212. .Kanaknarayan Bhup 213. .Kukreja 214. .Manmatha Pal 215. .Aundhkar 216. .Baburao Datar 217. .Nirmalendu Lahiri 218. .Saiyed Umer 219. .Funniman 220. .Rustomji Patel 221. .Imtiaz Ali Taj 222. .Kshirsagar 223. .Nimbalkar 224. .Nanubhai 225. .Bachhuram 226. .Pandurang Varne 227. .Sushil Ghosh 228. .Sitarampant Joshi 229. .Phatak 230. .Salvi 231. .Trymbakrao Pradhan 232. .Madhav Malasure 233. .Siddimiya 234. .Tatyaba Shelar 235. .Jiban Gangopadhyay 236. .B.S. Rajhans 237. .Bishwanath Bhaduri 238. .Vasant Shinde 239. .Kanu Bannerjee 240. .R.N.Vaidya 241. .Sooraj Ram 242. .Jamshedji Khansaheb 243. .Durgadas Banerjee 244. .Premankur Atorthy 245. .Ganpatrao Bakre 246. .Maneklal Patel 247. .Limaye 248. .Dighe 249. .Ravji Mhaskar 250. .Dwarkadas Sampat 251. .Dhanji 252. .La Tosca 253. .A.K. Chakraborty 254. .Ravi Bhaskar 255. .Ahindra Choudhury 256. .K. G. Gokhale 257. .Madhav Khaire 258. .Bal Gangar 259. .Anand Shinde 260. .Vasantrao Deshpande 261. .Prabhashankar 262. .Gatubhai Vaidya 263. .Yakub 264. .G. R. Mane 265. .Nizam 266. .Chavan 267. .K. B. Athavale 268. .V. Shantaram 269. .M. Udwadia 270. .Nagendra Majumdar 271. .Bachoba 272. .Takle 273. .J. Makhijani 274. .Yusuf Effendi 275. .Madhusudan 276. .Dinesh Ranjan Das 277. .Lalya Gokhale 278. .Vithaldas Panchotia 279. .Prabodh Bose 280. .Himmatlal 281. .Dinkar 282. .Samson 283. .Mehboob Khan 284. .Kartik Dey 285. .M. Manilal 286. .Bhaurao Datar 287. .Nimbalkar 288. .Bapu Gokhale 289. .V. Y. Datar 290. .Putli Baba Vyas 291. .Brojendra Sirkar 292. .Naresh Mitra 293. .Wamanrao Kulkarni 294. .Keshav Narayan Kale 295. .Rajababu 296. .A. P. Kapoor 297. .Bhonsle 298. .Joshi 299. .Bachu Pawar 300. .Jal Khambatta 301. .Sakharam Jadhav 302. .Dada Pendse 303. .Jardos 304. .Laxman Malusare 305. .Kishabapu Bakre 306. .K. Dhaiber 307. .Shankarrao Bute 308. .Krishna Chauhan 309. .Sahadev 310. .Dattopant Sakte 311. .Sajjad 312. .Angelo Ferrari 313. .Bruto Castellani 314. .Bhagaban Das 315. .Keki Adajania 316. .Khorshedji Bilimoria 317. .Manchersha Chapgar 318. .Eugenio de Liguero 319. .Khorshedji Engineer 320. .Master Bubla 321. .Isaac Simon 322. .James Magarth 323. .Aga Hashr Kashmiri 324. .Jashodna Singh 325. .Cawasji Golla 326. .Ardeshir Sanjana 327. .Mr. Palwan 328. .Master Revla 329. .Pestonji Madan 330. .Ardeshir Sanjana 331. .H.B. Waring 332. .Dot Foy 333. .Chales Reed 334. .Ezra Mir 335. .Satyendranath Dey 336. .Dhiraj Bhattacharya 337. .Amritlal Bose 338. .Prafulla Roy 339. .Chani Dutta 340. .Pandit Tulsidutt Shaida 341. .Moman Behram

  1930s TOP 100 –

 1. .K.L. Saigal 2. .P.C. Barua 3. .Nazir 4. .Motilal 5. .Master Vithal 6. .Dinshaw Billimoria 7. .Master Nissar 8. .Gajanan Jagirdar 9. .Ramanand Sharma 10. .Vishnupant Pagnis 11. .K.C. Dey 12. .Paidi Jairaj 13. .Prithviraj Kapoor 14. .Jayant 15. .Chandramohan 16. .Sohrab Modi 17. .Ashok Kumar 18. .Surendra 19. .Gope 20. .Sunder 21. .Nana Palsikar 22. .Mazhar Khan 23. .Salvi 24. .Ganpat Bakre 25. .Nanasaheb Phatak 26. .Keshavrao Date 27. .Kartik Dey 28. .V. Shantaram 29. .Chhudekar 30. .Samson 31. .Noor Mohammad Charlie 32. .Badri Prasad 33. .Naresh Mitra 34. .Wasti 35. .Pahari Sanyal 36. .Prem Adib 37. .Hari Shivdasani 38. .Nandram 39. .Zhunzharrao Pawar 40. .Dhiraj Bhattacharya 41. .Mubarak 42. .Sardar B. 43. .Shiraz 44. .Lala Yaqub / Yakub 45. .Vasantrao Pehalwan 46. .Agha 47. .Trilok Kapoor 48. .E. Billimoria 49. .Elizer 50. .Navinchandra 51. .Ishwarlal 52. .Amar Choudhury 53. .P.F. Pithawala 54. .Maruti Rao 55. .Hiralal 56. .Kashar Butt 57. .Bhanu Bannerjee 58. .Chandrarao Kadam 59. .Sankatha Prasad 60. .Inamdar 61. .M.V. Raju 62. .Atul Sen 63. .Prakash Mani 64. .Gul Hamid 65. .Manilal 66. .Nazir Bedi 67. .Fazlu 68. .Samar Ghosh 69. .Jagdish Sethi 70. .Mansur 71. .Ali Bux 72. .Lobo 73. .Keki Adjania 74. .Sayani Atish 75. .Kanhaiyalal 76. .Jamshedji 77. .Jaynarayan Mukhopadhyay 78. .Bhagwan 79. .Pankaj Mullick 80. .Mehboob Khan 81. .Baburao Gade 82. .Rafiq Ghaznavi 83. .Krishna Kumbhar 84. .Thomas 85. .Bhagwat 86. .Bhudo Advani 87. .Madanrai Vakil 88. .Sadiq Nawab 89. .Bimal Dasgupta 90. .Shahu Modak 91. .Chaman Puri 92. .Madhukar Gupte 93. .Damuanna Malvankar 94. .Debaki Bose 95. .Bhagwandas 96. .Bapurao apte 97. .J.P. Gidwani 98. .Nawab 99. .Zaverbhai 100. .Suresh

  1940s TOP 50-

 Position

Name

Known For

1

K.L. Saigal

Shahjehan

2

Jayant

State Express

3

Gajanan Jagirdar

Ramshastri

4

Karan Dewan

Bahar

5

Shyam

Albela

6

Bharat Bhushan

Mirza Ghalib

7

Prem Adib

Anokhi Ada

8

Nissar

Kisan Kanya

9

Paidi Jairaj

Sholay

10

Surendra

World War Z

11

Dev Anand

Kala Bazar

12

Kishore Sahu

Mayurpankh

13

Dixit

Basant

14

Shyam Sunder

Dholak

15

Balraj Sahni

Baazi

16

Ajit Khan

Zanjeer

17

Ashok Kumar

Mahal

18

Rhada Blank

19

L. Narayan Rao

Chandralekha

20

Sohrab Modi

Mirza Ghalib

21

D.K. Sapru

Pakeezah

22

Manher Desai

Sati Naag Kanya

23

Master Vithal

Zalim Jawani

24

V.H. Desai

Andaz

25

Ashiq Hussain

Neel Kamal

26

Aftab

Husn Ka Chor

27

M. Esmail

Husn Ka Daku

28

Ghulam Rasool

Bulbule Baghdad

29

David Abraham

Yakeen

30

Ghulam Mohammed

Anokhi Ada

31

Sheikh Mukhtar

Do Ustad

32

Premnath Malhotra

Johny Mera Naam

33

John Cawas

Zimbo Ka Beta

34

Musa

35

Paresh Bandyopadhyay

Alakananda

36

Benjamin

Speed Queen

37

Omkar

Do Roti

38

Ram Kumar

39

Kishore Kumar

Sholay

40

Subba Rao G.V.

Dil Aur Deewaar

41

Swaraj Kumar Gupta

Insaaf

42

Romeo

43

Sadiq

Do Ustad

44

Chandra Mohan

Amrit Manthan

45

Chandrakant Gokhale

Love and Murder

46

S. Ahmed

Do Auraten

47

Baburao

Sarovarani Sundary

48

Nehal Sharma

49

Shiv Dayal Batish

Arzoo

50

Pramod Chandra

Banjarey

51

Ramesh Thakur

Roop Ki Rani Choron Ka Raja

52

Prithviraj Kapoor

Mughal-E-Azam

53

Shivraj

Devdas

54

Anil Kumar

55

Ata Mohammed

Shaitani Chakkar

56

Asit Sen

Safar

57

Jeevan Lal

Banjarey

   1950s TOP 10 -

Position

Name

Known For

1

Dilip Kumar

Gunga Jumna

2

Balraj Sahni

Baazi

3

Bharat Bhushan

Mirza Ghalib

4

Ashok Kumar

Mahal

5

Dev Anand

Kala Bazar

6

Raj Kapoor

Mera Naam Joker

7

Shyam

Albela

8

Paidi Jairaj

Sholay

9

Abhi Bhattacharya

Jagriti

10

Guru Dutt

Pyaasa

11

Mahipal

Sampoorna Ramayana

    1960s TOP 30 -

Position

Name

Known For

1

Ashok Kumar

Mahal

2

Sunil Dutt

Mujhe Jeene Do

3

Rajesh Khanna

Anand

4

Dharmendra

Sholay

5

Dev Anand

Kala Bazar

6

Shammi Kapoor

Vidhaata

7

Dilip Kumar

Gunga Jumna

8

Rajendra Kumar Tuli

Jurrat

9

Balraj Sahni

Baazi

10

Shashi Kapoor

Deewaar

11

Prithviraj Kapoor

Mughal-E-Azam

12

Pradeep Kumar

Do Dilon Ki Dastaan

13

Raj Kapoor

Mera Naam Joker

14

Guru Dutt

Pyaasa

15

Manoj Kumar

Roti Kapada Aur Makaan

16

Mehmood

Do Phool

17

Sanjeev Kumar

Sholay

18

Om Prakash

Dus Lakh

19

Raaj Kumar

Kaajal

20

Pran Sikand

Zanjeer

21

Biswajeet Chatterjee

Do Dil

22

Ajit Khan

Zanjeer

23

Sailesh Kumar

Charas

24

Sajjan

Kabuliwala

25

Jeevan Dhar

Kanoon

26

Bharat Bhushan

Mirza Ghalib

27

Jeetendra

Kalyug Ke Avtaar

28

Feroz Khan

Janasheen

29

Sheikh Mukhtar

Do Ustad

30

Dara Singh Randhawa

Kal Ho Naa Ho

   1970s TOP 110-

Position

Name

Known For

1

Rajesh Khanna

Anand

2

Shashi Kapoor

Deewaar

3

Dharmendra

Sholay

4

Sachin

Sholay

5

Ashok Kumar

Mahal

6

Dev Anand

Kala Bazar

7

Govardhan Asrani

Bodyguard

8

Rajendranath Malhotra

The Train

9

Mehmood

Do Phool

10

Vijay Arora

Jeevan Jyoti

11

Rajendra Kumar Tuli

Jurrat

12

Johnny Walker

Anand

13

Satyendra Kapoor

Sholay

14

Sudhir Dalvi

Gandhi

15

Balraj Sahni

Baazi

16

Shammi Kapoor

Vidhaata

17

Raaj Kumar

Kaajal

18

Dilip Kumar

Gunga Jumna

19

Sanjeev Kumar

Sholay

20

Amjad Khan

Sholay

21

Asit Kumar Sen

Anand

22

Kanhaiyalal Chaturvedi

Amber

23

Anwar Hussain

Sachaai

24

Om Prakash

Dus Lakh

25

Jagdeep

Andaz Apna Apna

26

Pradeep Kumar

Do Dilon Ki Dastaan

27

Vinod Khanna

Qurbani

28

Jeevan Dhar

Kanoon

29

Vijay Anand

Guide

30

Raza Murad

Padmaavat

31

Ajit Khan

Zanjeer

32

Murad

Anokhi Ada

33

Joy Mukherjee

Humsaya

34

Manoj Kumar

Roti Kapada Aur Makaan

35

Amitabh Bachchan

Black

36

Iftekhar

Don

37

Mehmood Jr.

Karmyog

38

Ramesh Deo

Anand

39

Vinod Mehra

Jurm Aur Sazaa

40

Utpal Dutt

Agantuk

41

Raj Kapoor

Mera Naam Joker

42

Parikshit Sahni

Sultan

43

Partap Sharma

Nehru: The Jewel of India

44

Sunil Dutt

Mujhe Jeene Do

45

Deb Mukherjee

Karate

46

Premnath Malhotra

Johny Mera Naam

47

Sanjay Khan

1857 Kranti

48

Rishi Kapoor

Kapoor & Sons

49

Kishore Kumar

Sholay

50

Abhi Bhattacharya

Jagriti

51

D.K. Sapru

Pakeezah

52

Feroz Khan

Janasheen

53

Suresh Oberoi

Kabir Singh

54

Manher Desai

Sati Naag Kanya

55

Amol Palekar

Daayraa

56

O.P. Ralhan

Hulchul

57

Rakesh Pandey

Devdas

58

Jalal Agha

Sholay

59

Rehman Khan

Taj Mahal

60

Tarun Bose

Jaal

61

Kiran Kumar

Chalaak

62

Anil Pandya

Maya Darpan

63

Dhumal

Ankhen

64

Shekhar Chatterjee

Marjina Abdulla

65

Nisar Ahmad Ansari

Wahan Ke Log

66

Ravi Khanna

Baaz

67

Swarup Dutt

Manavata

68

Wasti

Saat Sawal Yane Haatim Tai

69

Ravindra Kapoor

Hum Kisise Kum Naheen

70

Tariq

Hum Kisise Kum Naheen

71

Nawab

Gunga Jumna

72

Moolchand

Namak Halaal

73

Sameer Khan

Andhera

74

Agha

Amber

75

Dilip Dutt

Guide

76

Habib

Sholay

77

Bipin Gupta

Nimai Sanyasi

78

Raj Mehra

Sharada

79

Hiralal

Zindagi

80

Dev Kishan

Anand

81

Satyajeet Puri

Jai Radhe Krishna

82

Rashid Khan

Teesri Manzil

83

Jagdish Raj

Ilzam

84

Kamal Kapoor

Don

85

Ratan Chopra

Mome Ki Gudiya

86

Samit Bhanja

Ora Charjan

87

Jankidas

Mayurpankh

88

Ram Sethi

PK

89

V. Gopal

Victoria No. 203

90

Tarun Ghosh

Chor Machaye Shor

91

Brahm Bhardwaj

Anand

92

Surendra Kumar

Suddha

93

Ram Avtar

Phir Wohi Dil Laya Hoon

94

Nasir Hussain

Devdas

95

Sunder

Chaudhary Karnail Singh

96

Naval Kumar

Saat Sawal Yane Haatim Tai

97

Sujit Kumar

Barood

98

Shreeram Lagoo

Gharaonda

99

Dara Singh Randhawa

Kal Ho Naa Ho

100

Girish Karnad

Ondanondu Kaladalli

101

Mahendra Sandhu

Kaun Kitney Pani Mein

102

Ashish Kumar

Raja Harishchandrra

103

Satish Kaul

Janam Janam

104

Paidi Jairaj

Sholay

105

Gemini Ganesan

Naan Avanillai

106

Krishna

Singhasan

107

Shiv Kumar

Lallu Ram

108

David Abraham

Yakeen

109

M.G. Ramachandran

Kudiyiruntha Koyil

   1980s TOP 80 -

Position

Name

Known For

1

Rajesh Khanna

Anand

2

Dharmendra

Sholay

3

Naseeruddin Shah

A Wednesday

4

Dilip Kumar

Gunga Jumna

5

Shashi Kapoor

Deewaar

6

Ashok Kumar

Mahal

7

Farooq Shaikh

Lahore

8

Dev Anand

Kala Bazar

9

Govinda

Holiday

10

Jeetendra

Kalyug Ke Avtaar

11

Vinod Khanna

Qurbani

12

Sanjeev Kumar

Sholay

13

Pradeep Kumar

Do Dilon Ki Dastaan

14

Sachin

Sholay

15

Om Prakash

Dus Lakh

16

Manoj Kumar

Roti Kapada Aur Makaan

17

Raaj Kumar

Kaajal

18

Mithun Chakraborty

The Tashkent Files

19

Om Puri

East Is East

20

Sunil Dutt

Mujhe Jeene Do

21

Mehmood

Do Phool

22

Govardhan Asrani

Bodyguard

23

Ravi Baswani

Jaane Bhi Do Yaaro

24

Rajendra Kumar Tuli

Jurrat

25

Deven Verma

Andaz Apna Apna

26

Kanhaiyalal Chaturvedi

Amber

27

Shreeram Lagoo

Gharaonda

28

Vijay Arora

Jeevan Jyoti

29

Rehman Khan

Taj Mahal

30

Rakesh Roshan

Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai

31

Rajinikanth

Enthiran

32

Arun Govil

Ramayana: The Legend of Prince Rama

33

Marc Zuber

Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves

34

Raj Babbar

Bodyguard

35

Om Shivpuri

Sholay

36

Kulbhushan Kharbanda

Lagaan: Once Upon a Time in India

37

Suresh Oberoi

Kabir Singh

38

Jeevan Dhar

Kanoon

39

Nana Patekar

Krantiveer

40

Shammi Kapoor

Vidhaata

41

Rakesh Bedi

Uri: The Surgical Strike

42

Kamal Haasan

Vishwaroopam

43

Deepak Parashar

Nishant

44

Raj Kapoor

Mera Naam Joker

45

Rajeev Kapoor

PremGranth

46

Vijayendra Ghatge

Devdas

47

Premnath Malhotra

Johny Mera Naam

48

Satyendra Kapoor

Sholay

49

Feroz Khan

Janasheen

50

Satish Shah

Main Hoon Na

51

Pran Sikand

Zanjeer

52

Amjad Khan

Sholay

53

Amol Palekar

Daayraa

54

Vinod Mehra

Jurm Aur Sazaa

55

Master Ravi

The Far Pavilions

56

Jackie Shroff

Devdas

57

Biswajeet Chatterjee

Do Dil

58

Pankaj Kapur

Maqbool

59

Aditya Pancholi

Bodyguard

60

Rohan Kapoor

Kranti

61

Ajit Khan

Zanjeer

62

Sanjay Dutt

Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.

63

Sunny Deol

Ghayal

64

Utpal Dutt

Agantuk

65

Raj Kiran

Karz

66

Shafi Inamdar

Hum Dono

67

Amrish Puri

Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom

68

Navin Nischol

Zorro

69

Bharat Bhushan

Mirza Ghalib

70

Laxmikant Berde

Maine Pyar Kiya

71

Ashok Saraf

Karan Arjun

72

Kumar Gaurav

Kaante

73

Anil Kapoor

Slumdog Millionaire

74

Rishi Kapoor

Kapoor & Sons

75

Amitabh Bachchan

Black

76

Salman Khan

Sultan

77

I.S. Johar

Death on the Nile

78

Mahesh Kothare

Zabardast

79

C.S. Dubey

Kismet Palat Ke Dekh

80

Vikram Gokhale

Bhool Bhulaiyaa

  1990s TOP 50 -

Position

Name

Known For

1

Rajesh Khanna

Anand

2

Govinda

Holiday

3

Dharmendra

Sholay

4

Vivek Mushran

Tamasha

5

Naseeruddin Shah

A Wednesday

6

Sanjay Dutt

Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.

7

Ayub Khan

Uttaran

8

Om Puri

East Is East

9

Akshaye Khanna

Dil Chahta Hai

10

Irrfan Khan

The Lunchbox

11

Avinash Wadhawan

Ghar Aaya Mera Pardesi

12

Nana Patekar

Krantiveer

13

Arvind Swami

Thani Oruvan

14

Bobby Deol

Aashram

15

Salman Khan

Sultan

16

Raj Babbar

Bodyguard

17

Amitabh Bachchan

Black

18

Mamik Singh

Ssshhhh... Koi Hai

19

Sudesh Berry

Agle Janam Mohe Bitiya Hi Kijo

20

Siddharth

Baazigar

21

Sunil Dutt

Mujhe Jeene Do

22

Suniel Shetty

Main Hoon Na

23

Chandrachur Singh

Josh

24

Johny Lever

Awara Paagal Deewana

25

Feroz Khan

Janasheen

26

Fardeen Khan

No Entry

27

Anil Kapoor

Slumdog Millionaire

28

Sunny Deol

Ghayal

29

Paresh Rawal

Hera Pheri

30

Jeetendra

Kalyug Ke Avtaar

31

Satish Kaushik

Tere Naam

32

Shah Rukh Khan

Don 2

33

Kader Khan

Taqdeerwala

34

Ajay Devgn

Shivaay

35

Anupam Kher

Hotel Mumbai

36

Rahul Roy

Junoon

37

Rishi Kapoor

Kapoor & Sons

38

Rajinikanth

Enthiran

39

Rakesh Roshan

Kaho Naa... Pyaar Hai

40

Jackie Shroff

Devdas

41

Manoj Bajpayee

Gangs of Wasseypur

42

Sharad S. Kapoor

Josh

43

J.D. Chakravarthi

Satya

44

Akshay Kumar

Hera Pheri

45

Shakti Kapoor

Andaz Apna Apna

46

Amrish Puri

Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom

47

Aamir Khan

Taare Zameen Par

48

Apurva Agnihotri

Pardes

49

Nirmal Pandey

Bandit Queen

50

Vikas Bhalla

Son of Sardaar

51

Kamal Haasan

Vishwaroopam

52

Rahul Bose

Everybody Says I'm Fine!

  2000s TOP 45 -

Position

Name

Known For

1

Govinda

Holiday

2

Irrfan Khan

The Lunchbox

3

Rajinikanth

Enthiran

4

Akshaye Khanna

Dil Chahta Hai

5

Kamal Haasan

Vishwaroopam

6

John Abraham

Dhoom

7

Naseeruddin Shah

A Wednesday

8

Fardeen Khan

No Entry

9

Dev Anand

Kala Bazar

10

Om Puri

East Is East

11

Sharman Joshi

3 Idiots

12

Rishi Kapoor

Kapoor & Sons

13

Karann Nathh

Dil Tera Aashiq

14

Parzaan Dastur

Kuch Kuch Hota Hai

15

Jaaved Jaaferi

Salaam Namaste

16

Yashpal Sharma

Lagaan: Once Upon a Time in India

17

Abhimanyu Singh

Gulaal

18

Rahul Bose

Everybody Says I'm Fine!

19

Ajay Jadeja

Khel

20

Arshad Warsi

Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.

21

Satish Shah

Main Hoon Na

22

Jawed Sheikh

Na Maloom Afraad

23

Rahul Singh

Delhi Belly

24

Razak Khan

Hera Pheri

25

Madhavan

Vikram Vedha

26

Vinay Pathak

Bheja Fry

27

Raj Singh Chaudhary

Thar

28

Arunoday Singh

Apharan

29

Neeraj Vora

Hera Pheri

30

Rajeev Khandelwal

Aamir

31

Salman Khan

Sultan

32

Shah Rukh Khan

Don 2

33

Aamir Khan

Taare Zameen Par

34

Vivek Oberoi

Company

35

Hrithik Roshan

Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara

36

Rajesh Khanna

Anand

37

Manoj Bajpayee

Gangs of Wasseypur

38

Anupam Kher

Hotel Mumbai

39

Sanjay Dutt

Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.

40

Suresh Menon

Fanaa

41

Shiney Ahuja

Bhool Bhulaiyaa

42

Nassar

Bãhubali 2: The Conclusion

43

Shiv Panditt

Shershaah

44

Harman Baweja

What's Your Raashee?

45

Farooq Shaikh

Lahore

 2010s TOP 30 -

Position

Name

Known For

1

John Abraham

Dhoom

2

Arshad Warsi

Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.

3

Madhavan

Vikram Vedha

4

Adil Hussain

Life of Pi

5

Akshaye Khanna

Dil Chahta Hai

6

Rajinikanth

Enthiran

7

Vinay Pathak

Bheja Fry

8

Farooq Shaikh

Lahore

9

Naseeruddin Shah

A Wednesday

10

Salman Khan

Sultan

11

Sunny Deol

Ghayal

12

Rahul Bose

Everybody Says I'm Fine!

13

Sanjay Dutt

Munna Bhai M.B.B.S.

14

Rishi Kapoor

Kapoor & Sons

15

Rajeev Khandelwal

Aamir

16

Vinod Khanna

Qurbani

17

Jaaved Jaaferi

Salaam Namaste

18

Kamal Haasan

Vishwaroopam

19

Irrfan Khan

The Lunchbox

20

Partho A. Gupte

Jasmine Stung

21

Victor Banerjee

A Passage to India

22

Rituparno Ghosh

Dahan

23

Sharman Joshi

3 Idiots

24

Barun Sobti

Iss Pyaar Ko Kya Naam Doon

25

Avinash Tiwary

Laila Majnu

26

Manoj Bajpayee

Gangs of Wasseypur

27

Aamir Khan

Taare Zameen Par

28

Prabhas

Bãhubali: The Beginning

29

Raj Singh Chaudhary

Thar

30

Kay Kay Menon

Haider

[vintagewoc]

enakshi rama rau and charu roy in shiraz (1928)

[myluckyerror]

Himansu Rai and Charu Roy in “Shiraz” (1928), dir. Franz Osten, an Anglo-Indian-German co-production filmed on location

[headoverheelsforramsey]

Meet My OC

A/N : Introducing a brand new OC as my early submission for @openheartfanfics OC Day! Debolina is Meera's sister who ends up with Bryce, I haven't planned much about their relationship so suggestions are always welcome. You are soon going to meet her in an edit, but before that let's get on with the formal introduction, shall we?

Full Name : Debolina Roy

Nickname : Lina (friends and family), Dee (Bryce)

Face Claim : Aditi Rao Hydari

Age/Birthday : 27 / 26th September

Love Interest : Dr. Bryce Lahela

Hometown : Seattle, Washington (born); Calcutta, India (brought up)

Education : Parsons School of Design 

Occupation : Junior Stylist and Fashion Illustrator at Khaite

Family : Charulata Roy (mother), Aniruddha Bose (maternal uncle), Maithili Bose (maternal aunt), Abhimanyu Bose (cousin brother), Dr. Meera Bose (cousin sister)

Background : Debolina or better known as Lina was born to Charulata Roy. Who at that time had just moved to the states as the executive manager of a research project and made a few mistakes in her love life. She became pregnant even after all the necessary protection. The father refused to take responsibilities and abandoned his girlfriend and his unborn child. Charulata decided on keeping the baby, she couldn't bring herself to destroy the little beating heart on the sonogram. She was broken but she had put a lot on stake to reach where she was in her career. She was determined on not letting the pregnancy stop her or her thriving career. She finally gave birth to a completely healthy Lina, with constant help and support from her sister Maithili, who had moved to USA for a few months keeping her own 4 year old son Abhi and 2 year old daughter Meera back in India with her husband. All was well for two years after which Charulata became much more busy in work and balancing Lina and work was taking a toll on her. Lina deserved undivided love and attention. Charu felt she was growing incapable of of providing the latter with every passing day. Hence with a stone on her heart she moved Lina back to Calcutta to her second mother Maithili while she focused on her career. For the next seventeen years Abhi, Meera and Lina was brought up by Aniruddha and Maithili as siblings, with frequent visits from Charulata, before Lina moved to New York to earn her fashion degree.

Personality Traits : Easygoing and fun, life of a party, hella competitive, ambivert, flirty, commitment-phobic, talkitave, cheerful, polite, kind, adventurous

Random Facts : Dog lover, a new cook, dancer, loves alcohol, loves her family dearly, can live off ramen for the longest time, has the highest body count among the three siblings, owns the best wardrobe, takes forever to get ready, thai is her favorite cuisine, misses home-cooked meals, intimacy is her love language, candlelit dinner is her ideal date, in highschool she failed in mathematics thrice, bollywood buff, part-time influencer.

So I am back. Did a few edits before my exams where you will see Lina again, if I can finally sit down and complete the remaining. I hope you love her as much as I do. 💜

Taglist : @starrystarrytrouble @mm2305 @charisworld @choicesfanaf @potionsprefect @genevievemd  @shanzay44 @little-flowers-on-heaven @schnitzelbutterfingers  @coffeeheartaddict @gryffindordaughterofathena @chemist-ana @adiehardfan @custaroonie @ireneadlerisseggsy @takemyopenheart @natureblooms24 @mainstreetreader @izzyourresidentlawyer @a-crepusculo @quixoticdreamer16 @starryeyedrookie @barbean

+ @openheartfanfics

Let me know if you want to be added or removed! 💜

[showbuzzer]

Top 10 youth centric bollywood movies you must watch

Originally published on showbuzzer

Catching the emotions of youth is not an easy task, Every Year Bollywood produces a number of youth-based movies but only a few of them can relate to youth. So here we are presenting the top 10 youth-centric movies you must watch

Wake Up Sid

This is a story of a careless and aimless guy sid(Ranbir Kapoor) who doesn’t know what he is doing with his life. He has no interest in a study but he is very creative when it comes to photography but his passion is completely ignored by his father, Ram Mehra(Anupam Kher) who is a businessman and wants sid to join his business after graduation. Sid’s life completely changes when he meets Aisha (Konkana sen Sharma), an aspiring writer. With the help of Aisha, Sid finds a new way of life.

Director: Ayan Mukherji

2. Fukrey

Fukrey is a story of Delhi-based four youths who have different dreams but one common problem, which is money. Hunny (Pulkit Samrat), Choocha (Varun Sharma), and Laali (Manjot Singh) want to take admission to regular college but Zafar (Ali Fazal), a former college student wants to become a musician. Their life suddenly changes when they all meet Bholi Punjaban (Richa Chadha) who invested money in Hunny’s scheme, but everything doesn’t go according to plan, and here starts the game of cat and mouse.

Director: Mrighdeep Singh Lamba

3. Rocket Singh: Salesman of the year

Harpreet Singh Bedi (Ranbir Kapoor), a B.com graduate joins as a salesman in a big computer assemble company, AYS. Soon he finds out about the corrupt culture of the company, as an honest guy Harpreet thinks that he can manage the clients even without taking bribes but his honesty brings him only humiliation. Soon he forms his own company with his colleagues. In between, he faces many hurdles but in the end, manages to achieve his goal.

Director: Shimit Amin

4. Queen

Queen is a story of Rani (Kangana Ranaut), who is a Delhi-based Punjabi girl and belongs to a conservative family. She falls in love with Vijay (Rajkumar Rao) who later ditched her just before a wedding. Now Rani decides to go on Honeymoon alone to Paris and Amsterdam where she meets new people and gains experience of life & rediscover her own identity.

Director: Vikas Bahl

5. Pyar Ka Punchnama

Rajat “Rajjo” (Kartik Aryan), Nishant “Liquid” (Divyendu Sharma) and Vikrant (Raayo S Bakhirta) are working bachelors and friends who live together in an apartment. Rajat falls in love with Neha (Nushrat Bharucha) and Nishant falls in love with Charu (Ishita Raj Sharma). Vikrant loves Rhea (Sonalli Seygall) who can’t get over her boyfriend, Varun. Soon all three friends found out that girls are dominating on them & they have lost all their fun, happiness, privacy, and laughter. so they decide to quit their relationship.

Director: Luv Ranjan

6. Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara

The story follows three friends Arjun (Hritik Roshan), Kabir (Abhay Deol), and Imran (Farhan Akhtar) who reunite for a three-week road trip when one of their friends get engaged.They set off to Spain where Arjun falls in love with Laila (Katrina Kaif) who helps him to overcome the fear of water and compulsion to work. During the whole trip, each friend chooses a different sport to end their fear.

Director: Zoya Akhtar

7. Yeh Jawani Hai Deewani

Naina Talwar (Deepika Padukone) is a medical student who one day meets an old classmate Aditi Mehra (Kalki Koechin) and decides to go on a hiking trip into the Himalayas. Naina meets other classmates Kabir “Bunny” (Ranbir Kapoor) and Avinash “Avi” (Aditya Roy Kapoor). During their Journey, Naina and Bunny’s bond gets stronger but before she could express her feelings bunny decides to leaves India to pursue his career. They meet again after a few years and their love journey starts again.

Director: Ayan Mukherji

8. Udaan

Udaan is a story of 17-year boy Rohan (Rajat Barmecha) and his Alcoholic, abusive & conservative father Bhairav Singh (Ronit Roy). Rohan wants to become a writer but his father forces him to work at his metalworking factory and then attend engineering classes. Soon Rohan realizes that if he wants to follow his dream, he has to take a tough decision. After facing several humiliations one day he decides to leave the house with his little brother Arjun to chase his dreams.

Director: Vikramaditya Motwane

9. Luck By Chance

Vikram Jai Singh (Farhan Akhtar) is a young struggling actor who wants to become a film star. He falls in love with Sona Mehra (Konkana Sen Sharma). One day he gets a chance to work in a big banner movie as a lead actor. Soon he becomes romantically involved with co-actress Mikki (Isha Sharvani). News of their secret affair leaks and Sona gets upset with Vikram. Vikram rises to stardom but at the expense of his friends and love. Vikram tries to get back Sona but she refuses and walks out of his life.

Director: Zoya Akhtar

10. Dil Chahta Hai

Akash (Amir khan), Sameer (Saif Ali Khan), and Sid (Akshaye Khanna) are college friends who have just completed their graduation and plans a trip to goa. They vow to return there very soon and meet again. Soon Sameer and Sid fall in love with Pooja(Sonali Kulkarni) and Tara( Dimple Kapadia) respectively. But then something happens which breaks their bond & they choose a different path of their life but reunites again later.

Director: Farhan Akhtar

We hope you like our post, if you like it don’t forget to comment in the comment section and also share the post with your friends. Stay tuned with us..!

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[jaffacakerebellion]

Welshified names

Y’all’ve seen the American/ English names spelled in an Irish way, so here are some spelled in a welsh way.

Hugo- Hiwgow

Roderick- Rhodrig

Kaleb- Ceilub

Elijah- Ulausia

Theodore- Lluowdowr

Logan- Lowgun

Cooper- Cywpwr

Mason- Meisun

Brody- Browdu

Charlie- Tiarly/ Siarly

Bryce- Brais

Roy- Roe / Roi / Rou

Zion- Sauon/ Saion/ Saeon

Tobias- Towbaiws/ Tubauws

Shane- Siaen

Jonah- Siowna

Wade- Waed

Victor- Fucdwr

Harry- Charu

Throckmorton- Llrocmortwn

Thrasher- Llrasiyr

Feel free to add, cymrades.

[margdarsanme]

NCERT Class 12 Political Science (India) Chapter 6 The Crisis of Democratic Order

NCERT Class 12 Political Science Solutions (India Since Independence)

Chapter 6 The Crisis of Democratic Order 

TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED : Q l. State whether the following statements regarding the Emergency are correct or incorrect. (a) It was declared in 1975 by Indira Gandhi. (b) It led to the suspension of all fundamental rights. (c) It was proclaimed due to the deteriorating economic conditions. (d) Many Opposition leaders were arrested during the emergency. (e) CPI supported the proclamation of the Emergency.

Answer: (a) Correct, (b) Correct, (c) Wrong, (d) Correct, (e) Correct. Q 2. Find the odd one out in the context of proclamation of Emergency. (a) The call for ‘Total Revolution’. (b) The Railway Strike of 1974 (c) The Naxalite Movement (d) The Allahabad High Court verdict (e) The findings of the Shah Commission Report

Answer: (c) The Naxalite Movement Q 3. Match the following:

Answer: (a)-(iii), (b)-(i), (c)-(ii), (d)-(iv). Q 4. What were the reasons which led to the mid-term elections in 1980?

Answer: 1. Janata party lacked direction, leadership and a common programme. 2. Janata party government could not bring a fundamental change in policies pursued by Congress. 3. There was a split in Janata Party and the government led by Morarji Desai which lost its majority in less than 18 months. 4. Charan Singh government was formed due to support of Congress party which later decided to withdraw its support resulting resignation of Charan Singh government within four months. 5. All the above mentioned reasons led midterm elections of 1980, which defeated Janata Party and again Congress led by Indira Gandhi came back to power by winning 353 seats. Q 5. The Shah Commission was appointed in 1977 by the Janata Party Government. Why was it appointed and what were its findings?

Answer: The Shah commission was appointed in May 1977 by Janata Party government which was headed by J.C. Shah, retired chief justice of Supreme Court of India to look into the matters of: 1. Allegations of abuse of authority, excesses and malpractices as well as actions taken in the name of emergency proclaimed on 25 June 1975. 2. The Commission performed to examine various evidences to give testimonies even including Indira Gandhi to appear before Commission, but she refused to answer any questions. Findings of Shah Commission: (a) It found many ‘excesses’ committed during Emergency. (b) Under preventive detention laws nearly one lakh eleven thousand people were arrested. (c) Press censorship took place without any proper legal sanctions. (d) Even general manager of Delhi Power Supply Corporation received verbal orders from the officers of the Lt. Governor of Delhi to cut electricity to all newspapers press at 2 a.m. on 26 June 1975. Q 6. What reasons did the Government give for declaring a National Emergency in 1975?

Answer: Emergency was proclaimed in response to petition filed by Raj Narain to declare Indira Gandhi’s election invalid. (i) On June 25, 1975, the government declared the threat of internal disturbances to invoke Article 352 of constitution. (ii) Article 352 can declare emergency on ground of either internal or external disturbances. (iii) The government decided a grave crisis to be arisen to proclaim emergency to bring law and order, restore efficiency and implement pro-poor welfare programmes. (iv) The President Fakhruddin Adi Ahmad proclaimed emergency which became the most controversial episode in Indian Politics. Q 7. The 1977 elections for the first time saw the Opposition coming into power at the Centre. What would you consider as the reasons for this development?

Answer: The 1977 elections were evolved as a shock to everyone as Congress party was defeated for the very first time and opposition party came into power: 1. The opposition adopted the slogan ‘Save democracy’ against imposition of emergency earlier. 2. The opposition campaigned non- democratic character of rule which provided various excesses. 3. The opposition party highlighted the preventive detention and press censorship to favour public opinion. 4. Janata Party also ensured not to divide non-Congress votes. 5. Middle section of north India was moving away from Congress for whom Janata Party became a platform. 6. Hence, elections of 1977 emerged many other factors instead about emergency only. Q 8. Discuss the effects of Emergency on the following aspects of our polity.

(a) Effects on civil liberties for citizens. (b) Impact on relationship between the Executive and Judiciary. (c) Functioning of Mass Media. (d) Working of Police and Bureaucracy.

Answer: 

(a) Effects on Civil Liberties for Citizens: 1. The government made large scale arrests under preventive detention. 2. Arrested political persons could not challenge arrest even under Habeas Corpus petition. 3. Despite of filing many petitions government claimed it not to be necessary to be informed on grounds to arrested persons. 4. In April 1976, finally it was proved that the government could take away citizen’s right to life and liberty by overruling of high courts under supreme court and accept government’s plea.

(b) Impact on Relationship between the Executive and Judiciary: 1. The Parliament brought in many new changes in Constitution which made an amendment declaring that elections of Prime Minister, President and Vice¬President could not be challenged in the court. 2. The forty-second amendment (42nd) was also passed to bring a series of changes in constitution like duration of legislatures, elections can be postponed by one year during an emergency.

(c) Functioning of Mass Media: 1. Press censorship took place which banned freedom of press and newspapers w7ere supposed to prior approval before they publish any material i.e. RSS and Janata Island were banned. 2. Protests, strikes and public agitations were also banned. 3. Various fundamental rights were also suspended including even Right to move to court for restoration of Fundamental Rights. 4. Kannada writer Shivarama Karanth awarded with Padma Bhushan and Hindi writer Fanishwarnath Tlenu with Padmashri returned their awards in protest against suspension of democracy.

5. Newspapers mainly Indian Express, and the statesman protested against censorship by leaving blank spaces where news items were censored.

(d) Working of Police and Bureaucracy: Refer Part (a) + (b) of the same question. Q 9. In what way did the imposition of Emergency affect the party system in India? Elaborate your answer with examples.

Answer: 1. Due to absolute majority to party in power, leadership even dared to suspend democratic process. 2. The constitution makers presumed to be abide by laws and democratic orders, hence, wide and open ended powers were given to the government during emergency. 3. A tension and differences arose between institution based democracy and democracy based on spontaneous popular participation. 4. It was attributed to incapability of party system to incorporate aspirations of the people. 5. For the first time, opposition parties came together to form a new party ‘Janata Party’ not to divide the non-Congress votes. 6. 1977 elections brought an end to one party dominance and created coalition government. Q 10. Read the passage and answer the questions below:

“Indian democracy was never so close to a two-party system as it was during the 1977 elections. However, the next few years saw a complete change. Soon after its defeat, the Indian National Congress split into two groups The Janata Party also went through major convulsions David Butler, Ashok Lahiri and Prannoy Roy. —Partha Chatterjee (a) What made the party system in India look like a two-party system in 1977? (b) Many more than two parties existed in 1977. Why then are the authors describing this period as close to a two-party system? (c) What caused splits in Congress and the Janata Party?

Answer: (a) The imposition of emergency in 1977 and political crisis made the party system in India look like a two-party system. (b) Two parties existed in 1977 were Congress and non-Congress parties to be described as close to two party system because it ended the one party dominance and emerged Janata Party, umbrella of non¬Congress parties. (c) Split in Congress: Congress splitted on the issues of presidential elections in 1969. Split in Janata Party: On tensions among three leaders Morarji Desai, Charan Singh and Jagjivan Ram for leadership in 1979.

Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 Mark]

Q 1. Mention the main reason for the defeat of Congress party in the elections 1977.

Answer: The opposition party adopted the slogan ‘Save democracy’ against the imposition of emergency. Q 2. In which year fifth general elections to Lok Sabha held?

Answer: 1971. Q 3. Name the political party which came to power at centre in 1977.

Answer: Janata Party Q 4. In January 1974, Students of Gujarat started an agitation against which two major problems?

Answer: 1. Rising prices of food grains, cooking oil and other essential commodities. 2. Corruption in high places. Q 5. Who was Charu Majumdar?

Answer: Charu Majumdar was a communist revolutionary and the leader of Naxalbari uprising. He founded the Communist Party of India (Marxist Leninist). Q 6. Name the president who proclaimed emergency in 1975 in India.

Answer. President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmad at midnight on 25 June 1975. Q 7. Who introduced Twenty Point Programme and Why?

Answer: Congress government led by Indira Gandhi introduced ‘Twenty Point Programme’ to maintain law and order and to restored efficiency including land reforms, eradication of bonded labour, land redistribution, workers participation in management etc. Q 8. Who became the symbol of restoration of democracy?

Answer: Jayaprakash Narayan, leader of Janata Party. Q 9. Mention the Historic decision given by the court in famous Kesavananda Bharati Case.

Answer: That there are some basic features of constitution not to be amended by parliament at all. It led to a crisis between the government and judiciary. Q 10. What was the controversy regarding the appointment of the chief justice A.N. Ray in 1973?

Answer: It became political controversial because in this appointment the government set aside the seniority of three judges who had given ruling against the stand of government. Q 11. Why did Congress win in Southern states?

Answer: 1. The impact of emergency was not felt equally in all the states. 2. The forced relocation and dis¬placements, the forced sterilisations were mostly concentrated in the northern states. Q 12. What do you mean by Preventive Detention?

Answer: In Preventive Detention Act, people are arrested and detained on the apprehension to commit any offence in future and government made large scale arrests under this during emergency.

Very Short Answer Type Questions [2 Marks]

Q 1. What factors led to crisis of democratic order in Indian Politics?

Answer: 1. Emergence of Indira Gandhi with a lot of popularity. 2. Party competitions had been created. 3. Relation between the government and judiciary had become tense. Q 2. Mention the factors which led Naxalite movement in backward states.

Answer: 1. Forced labour 2. Exploitation by moneylenders 3. Exploitation of resources by outsiders. Q 3. What was Shah Commission of inquiry? How did government react to it? “

Answer: The Shah commission was appointed in May 1977 by Janata Party government headed by S.C. Shah, retired chief justice of Supreme Court of India to look into the matter of: 1. Allegations of abuse of authority. 2. Excesses and malpractices. 3. Actions taken in the name of emergency proclaimed on 25 June 1975. The government appeared before commission against various evidences but she refused to answer any question. Q 4. Describe any two outcomes of Naxalite Movement.

Answer: The ‘Naxalites’ were the Marxist and Leninist Agricultural workers of Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar and adjoining areas who organised massive agitations against economic injustice and inequality and demanded redistribution of land to cultivators. Q 5. Mention circumstances to be characterised for imposition of emergency?

Answer: 1. Emergence of Indira Gandhi. 2. Power Politics became personalised and governmental authority was converted into personalization. 3. Bitter party competition. 4. Tense relations between the government and judiciary. Q 6. Who organised the first nationwide Satyagraha and Why?

Answer: It was organised by Jayaprakash Narayan for Indira Gandhi’s resignation, he appealed to people not to obey illegal and immoral orders by a massive demonstration on 25 June 1975. All these changed the political mood of the country against Congress.

Short Answer Type Questions [4 Marks]

Q 1. Explain the reasons for students movement of 1974 in Bihar and the role played by Jayaprakash Narayan in this movement.

Answer: Reasons for Student’s Movement of 1974: Students organised movement against: 1. Rising prices of food grains, cooking oil and other essential commodities. 2. Corruption in high places. Assess Role played by Jai Prakash Narayan: Satyagraha was organised by Jayaprakash Narayan for Indira Gandhi’s resignation, he appealed to people not to obey illegal and immoral orders by a massive demonstration on 25 June 1975. All these changed the political mood of the country against Congress. Q 2. Evaluate the consequences of declaration of emergency in 1975? 

Answer: 1. It effected civil liberties of peoples i.e. in April11976 it was proved that the government could take away citizens’ right to life and liberty by overruling of high courts under supreme courts and accepted government’s plea. 2. The forth-second Amendment was also passed to bring a series of changes in constitution. 3. It affected the functioning of mass media also as press censorship took place which banned freedom of press and newspapers, which were supposed to prior approval before they publish any material. 4. Despite of filing many petitions government claimed it not to be necessary to be informed the grounds to arrested persons. Q 3. Explain any two lessons learnt from emergency imposed in 1975.

Answer: The emergency brought out weaknesses and strengths both to India’s democracy: 1. First lesson was felt that it was extremely difficult to do away with democracy in India. 2. Secondly, it amended that internal emergency could be proclaimed only on the grounds of armed rebellion, on the advice to the president to proclaim emergency must be given in writing by council of ministers. 3. Thirdly, emergency made everyone more aware of civil liberties as well as courts also took an active role in protecting civil liberties of individuals. Q 4. Examine the legacy of emergency of 1975 in India.

Answer: The legacy of emergency was felt in every sphere of people’s life and politics: 1. Between the elections of 1977 and 1980, Congress identified itself with particular ideology, claiming to be only socialist and pro-poor party. 2. The concept of non-Congression was created among oppositions parties. 3. The issues of welfare of backward classes began to dominate politics i. e. northern states elected non¬Congress leaders of backward class since 1977. 4. This period of emergency saw the period of constitutional crisis to loose its origin in constitutional battle over jurisdiction of parliament and judiciary. 5. This period created political crisis also as the party in power enjoyed absolute majority, still decided to suspend the democratic process. 6. The emergency tensed between institution based democracy and democracy based on spontaneous popular participation for which party system was to be blamed. Q 5. Why is emergency and period around it known as the period of constitutional crisis? Explain.

Answer: 1. The Parliament brought in many new changes in constitution which made an amendment declaring that elections of Prime Minister, President and Vice President could not be challenged in the court. 2. The forty second amendment was also passed to bring a series of changes in constitution like duration of legislatures, elections can be postponed by one year during emergency. Q 6. How far do you agree that the government had misused its emergency powers during 1975-77? Explain.

Answer: No, the government hence misused its ‘Emergency Powers’. But it said that it wanted to use the emergency: 1. To bring law and order into society. 2. To restore efficiency into administra¬tion and system. 3. To implement the pro-poor welfare programmes. Q 7. How did emergency of 1975 benefit the Indian democratic set up?

Answer: 1. Between the elections of 1977 and 1980, Congress identified itself with particulars ideology, claiming to be only socialist and pro-poor party. 2. The concept of non-Congressism was created among opposition parties. 3. The issues of welfare of backward class began to dominate politics i. e. Northern states elected non- Congress leaders of backward class since 1977. 4. The emergency tensed between institution based democracy and democracy based on spontaneous popular participation for which party system was to be blamed. Q 8. Describe any four circumstances for proclamation of emergency in 1975.

Answer:1. Emergence of Indira Gandhi. 2. Power politics became personalised and governmental authority was converted into personalization. 3. Bitter party competition. 4. Tensed relations between the government and judiciary. Q 9. Discuss the role of Jayaprakash Narayan in Bihar movement and national politics.

Answer: 1. Loknayak Jayaprakash Narayan from Janata Party was a Marxist of youth, who became a Gandhian and involved himself in a Bhoodan movement. 2. He led Bihar movement and opposed the emergency. 3. Bihar students invited him and he accepted on the condition of movement to be non-violent and not to limit only to Bihar territory. Hence, Bihar movement assumed a political character and national appeal. 4. This movement demanded dismissal of Congress government in Bihar and called for total revolution in social, economic and political aspects to establish a total democracy. 5. Bandhs, gheraos, strikes were organised in protest. Even employees of railways organised a strike which threatened to paralyse the country. 6. In 1975, Janata Party led people’s march to parliament to be one of the largest political rallies ever held in capital. 7. Janata was supported by non¬Congress parties like BJS, socialist parties etc., which projected JP as an alternative to Indira Gandhi. Q 10. ‘Emergency was a Blackmark in Indian History’. Comment.

Answer: 1. Emergency was declared on the ground of internal disturbances on 25 June 1975 to invoke Article 352 of constitution. 2. Prime Minister Indira Gandhi recommended to impose emergency to president Fakhruddin Ali Ahmad. 3. Emergency was one of the most controversial episode which possessed different virus regarding to impose emergency. 4. Emergency practically suspended the democratic functioning. 5. ‘Shah Commission’ exposed many excesses committed during emergency. 6. Emergency highlighted some hidden matters over constitutional battle between the parliament and judiciary. 7. Tensions or conflicts had been arisen between institution based democracy and popular participation of people.

Passage Based Questions [5 Marks]

1. Read the passage given below carefully and answer the questions: Once an emergency is proclaimed, the federal distribution of powers remains practically suspended and al 1 t be powc itc the hands of the union government. Secondly, the government also gets the power to curtail or restrict all or any of the Fundamental Rights during the emergency. From the wording of the provisions of the Constitution, it is clear that an Emergency is seen as an extra-iordinary condition in which normal democratic politics cannot function. Therefore, special powers are granted to the government.

Questions 1. When was emergency imposed? 2. Who recommended emergency to be imposed and to whom? 3. Mention the implications of emergency.

Answer: 1. 25 June 1975. 2. Prime Minister Indira Gandhi recommended to impose emergency to the president Fakhruddin Ali Ahmad. 3. (i) The federal distribution of powers remains practically suspended. (ii) All the powers are concentrated in the hands of Union government. (iii) The government also gets power to restrict all or any of Fundamental Rights during emergency. 2. Read the passage given below carefully and answer the questions: There were many acts of dissent and resistance to the Emergency. Many political workers who were not arrested in the first wave, went ‘underground’ and organised protests against the government. Newspapers like the Indian Express and the Statesman protested against censorship by leaving blank spaces where news items had been censored. Magazines like the Seminar and the Mainstream chose to close down rather than submit to censorship. Many journalists were arrested for writing against the Emergency. Many underground newsletters and leaflets were published to bypass censorship. Kannada writer Shivarama Karanth, awarded with Padma Bhushan, and Hindi writer Fanishwarnath Renu, awarded with Padma Shri, returned their awards in protest against the suspension of democracy. By and large, though, such open acts of defiance and resistance were rare.

Questions 1. Why did people began to protest against government? 2. How did newspapers protest against censorship? 3. How did writers protest against the emergency? 4. Which magazines protested against censorship?

Answer: 1. Against imposition of emergency. 2. Newspaper like Indian Express and the Statesman protested against censorship by leaving blank spaces where news items had been censored. 3. Kannada writer Shivarama Karanth awarded with Padma Bhushan and Hindi writer Fanishwarnath Renu awarded with Padma Shri returned their awards in protest against suspension of democracy. 4. Magazines like ‘Seminar’ and ‘Mainstream’ chose to close down rather than submit to censorship.

Long Answer Type Questions [6 Marks]

Q 1. Analyse any three lessons learnt from the emergency of 1975.

Answer: 

(i) The emergency of 1975 at once brought out both the weaknesses’ and the strengths of India’s democracy. Though there are many observers who think that India ceased to be democratic during the emergency, it is noteworthy that normal democratic functioning resumed within a short span of time. Thus, one lesson of Emergency is that it is extremely difficult to do away with democracy in India.

(ii) It brought out some ambiguities regarding the emergency provision in the constitution that have been rectified since. Now ‘internal’ emergency can be proclaimed only on the grounds of ‘armed rebellion’ and it is necessary that the advice to the President to proclaim emergency must be given in writing by the Council of Ministers.

(iii) The Emergency made everyone aware of the value of civil liberties. The courts, too, have taken an active role after the emergency in protecting the civil liberties of the individuals. This is in response to the inability of the judiciary to protect civil liberties effectively during the emergency. Many civil liberties organizations came up after this experience. Q 2. Examine the three consequences of emergency imposed in 1975.

Answer: 

(a) Effects on Civil Liberties of Citizens: 1. The government made large scale arrests under preventive detention. 2. Arrested political persons could not challenge arrest even under Habeas Corpus petition. 3. Despite filing many petitions government claimed it not to be necessary to be informed of grounds to arrested persons. 4. In April 1976, finally it was proved that the government could taken away citizen’s right to life and liberty by over ruling of high courts under supreme court and accepted government’s plea.

(b) Impact on Relationship between Parliament and Judiciary: 1. The parliament brought in many new changes in constitution which made an amendment declaring that election of Prime Minister, President and Vice¬president could not be challenged in the court. 2. The forty-second amendment (42nd) was also passed to bring a series of changes in constitution like duration of legislatures, elections can be postponed by one year during an emergency.

(c) Functioning of Mass Media: 1. Press censorship took place which banned freedom of press is newspapers were supposed to seek prior approval before they publish any material. 2. Protests, strikes and public agitations were also banned. 3. Various fundamental rights were also suspended including even Right to move to Court for Restoration of Fundamental Rights. 4. Kannada writer Shivarama Karnata awarded with Padma Bhushan and Hindi writer Fanishwarnath Renu with Padmashri returned their awards on protest against suspension of democracy. 5. Newspapers mainly Indian Express, and the Statesman protested against censorship by leaving blank editorial column. Q 3. Examine any six reasons for the imposition of emergency in India in 1975. Or Analyse any three reasons for imposing emergency on 25 June 1975. Did the government misuse its emergency powers? Give any three arguments in support of answers.

Answer: (i) Emergency was proclaimed in response to petition filed by Raj Narayan to declare Indira Gandhi’s election invalid. (ii) On June 25, 1975, the government declared the threat of internal disturbances to invoke Article 352 of constitution. (iii) Article 352 can declare emergency on ground of either internal or external disturbances. (iv) The government decided a grave crisis to be arisen to proclaim emergency to bring law and order, restore efficiency and implement pro-poor Welfare Programmes. (v) The President FakhruddinAli Ahmad proclaimed emergency which became the most controversial episode in Indian politics. (vi) Power politics became personalised and governmental authority was converted into personalization Q 4. Assess any three happenings which were responsible for the downfall of Congress Party in the 1977 elections. Or ‘The 1977 elections for the first time saw the opposition coming to power at the centre’. Examine any six reasons for this change.

Answer: The 1977 elections were evolved as a shock to everyone as Congress Party was defeated for the very first time and opposition party came into power: 1. The opposition adopted the slogan ‘save democracy’ against imposition of emergency earlier. 2. The opposition campaigned non- democratic character of rule which provided various excesses. 3. The opposition party highlighted the preventive detention and press censorship to favour public opinion. 4. Janata Party also ensured not to divide non-Congress votes. 5. Middle section of North India was moving away from Congress for whom Janata Party became a platform. 6. Hence, elections of 1977 emerged many other factors instead about emergency only. Q 5. Explain any three outcomes of Lok Sabha elections of 1977.

Answer: 1. In March 1977 elections, for the first time, Congress lost elections with winning 154 seats only. 2. Janata Party and its allies won 330 seats out of 542 seats. 3. Congress lost from the states of Bihar, U.P., Haryana, Delhi and Madhya Pradesh. 4. Janata Party was formed of coalitions under the leadership of Jayaprakash Narayana. 5. Janata Party called this election as a referendum on emergency. 6. Opposition party realised not to divide the votes to enjoy the power under one umbrella. 7. All these indicated a tough time for Congress ahead. Q 6. What is Naxalite movement? Evaluate its role in Indian politics.

Answer: The Naxalites were the Marxist and Leninist agricultural workers of Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar and adjoining areas which organised massive agilations against economic injustice and inequality and demanded redistribution of land to cultivators. Role in Indian Politics: 1. Naxalite, did not participate in the elections formally but these were actively associated with parties. 2. Naxalites ensured a better representation of demands of deprived social sections in party politics. 3. These movements retained associations or relations alongwith the political parties either as an individual or as an organisations.

Picture/Map Based Questions [5 Marks]

1. Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow:

Questions 1. What was the slogan of Janata Party to campaign in elections? 2. Identify the person who is sitting on ground holding the slogan. 3. Against which practices Jayaprakash Narayana agitated?

Answer: 1. Save Democracy. 2. Jayaprakash Narayan. 3. Corruption, lawlessness, violence, and most important against imposition of emergency. Q 2. Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow:

Question. 1. When did cartoon appear in the newspaper and why? 2. Identify the person behind Indira Gandhi. 3. Identify what does the ‘Political Crisis’ stand for. Explain.

Answer: 1. This cartoon appeared few days before the declaration of emergency to capture the sense of impending political crisis. 2. The then Congress president D.K. Barooah. 3. Political crisis in 1977 made the party system in India look like a two party system i.e. Congress and non¬Congress to end one party dominance and emergence of non-Congress party Janata Party as an umbrella for others. Q 3. Study the picture given below and answer the questions that follow:

Questions 1. What situation does the picture refer to? 2. Which Commission is represented into the cartoon? 3. Mention some points of this Commission’s report.

Answer: 1. Appearance of Indira Gandhi before Commission but refused to answer any question. 2. Shah Commission’s report about emergency. 3. (i) There were many excesses committed during emergency. (ii) Several restrictions were put on the press sometimes without legal sanction. (iii) Many people were arrested under preventive detention law. (iv) Even general manager of Delhi Power Supply Corporation received verbal orders from the officers of Lt. Governor of Delhi to cut electricity to all newspaper presses at 2 a.m. on 26 June 1975.

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[cinematic-explorations]

“Soon after, the same tune is repeated when Charu tries to write her first ever piece. The process of her first composition is captured beautifully, with the camera focussed on the play of emotions on her face – thinking; being struck by an idea (“Cuckoo’s call”); trying it out; changing the title (to “Cuckoo’s pain”); being disappointed; then angry; finally, after a spell of deep concentration, hitting upon the right theme (“My village”). We get a glimpse of the images that flash by in her mind as she thinks of her village: river boats with decorative sails; the village mela with fireworks and naga sanyasis; a woman with a charkha.

The opening seven minutes of Charulata, in which Ray establishes her loneliness in a wordless scene, are much talked about. But the four minutes, where her act of composing is shown, are no less memorable.”

                                                        Rituparna Roy, Scroll.in, Dec.15, 2016

https://scroll.in/reel/823236/audio-master-three-women-and-three-moments-of-liberation-in-satyajit-rays-films

[boycottbollywood]

Karan Patel, Bigg Boss 14, Charu Asopa — meet the TV newsmakers of the week

It's Saturday and we are here to fill you in with the top stories from the television industry, which have generated huge buzz over the past seven days. Karan Patel, Bigg Boss 14, Charu Asopa and others have made it to the list this week. It is the weekend and we can now look back at the last seven days that have passed. The whole week contained many interesting stories from the television industry. Karan Patel's look as Mr. Bajaj, Salman Khan charging a whopping amount for the Weekend ka Vaar episodes of Bigg Boss 14, Charu Asopa and husband Rajeev Sen's troubled marriage – a lot of things went down. So, without further ado, let’s take a look at the TV Newsmakers of the week: https://youtu.be/MO0oJ2HFLAY https://www.instagram.com/p/CCV-UBJHdCn/?utm_source=ig_embed Karan Patel has been in the news this week as his new look has come out. He replaced Karan Singh Grover as Mr. Bajaj in Kasautii Zindagii Kay 2 and fans are loving his salt-and-pepper look. Karan Patel revealed his first reaction when he got the offer. In an interview with Pinkvilla, he said, "When I was approached, I was like Mr Bajaj is an iconic and challenging character. Earlier, Ronit Roy did it and then Karan did a good job. So, before saying yes I deliberated if I could shoulder the responsibility and then I took a day or two and then decided to give it a try." http://instagram.com/p/Bn3PKu_hXMc/?utm_source=ig_embed Bigg Boss 14 is in the news this week. Read the full article

[indiejones]

INDIES TOP 340 ACTORS OF 1920s BOLLYWOOD !

.Anna Salunke

.Janibabu

.Mubarak

.Hiralal Dutta

.Lobo

.D.N. Potdar

.M. Ismail

.Asooji

.Haider Shah

.Master Mohan

.Master Vithal

.Ghulam Hussein

.Bachubabu

.Sakribai

.Prithviraj Kapoor

.Nripen Bose

.Fayma

.Amar Choudhury

.R. Budhker

.Chapgar

.Nilamani De

.Ardhendu Bandyopadhyay

.Tarak Bagchi

.Krishna Kumbhar

.Sayani Atish

.Yakbal

.Kunjalal Chakraborty

.Bhagwat

.Jamna

.Shankar

.Balabhai

.Kashinath Chatterjee

.Sorabji Kerawala

.V.S. Bapat

.Abhyankar

.Ghulam Qadir

.Ibrahim

.Dattopant Sohoni

.Baren Roy

.Syed Abdus Sobhan

.Bapurao Apte

.Homi Master

.Abdul Pahelwan

.Chittaranjan

.Ghanshyam Singh

.Gulzar

.Ghodke

.Sardar B.

.Bulbule

.Nawabzada Nasarullah

.Krishnadhan Mukherjee

.Atul Sen

.J.P. Gidwani

.Saqi

.Aziz

.Bhumen Roy

.Tulsi Bandyopadhyay

.Dave

.P.N. Varne

.Leslie

.Kantibhushan Bandyopadhyay

.Faruki

.Jal Balsara

.Tinkari Chakraborty

.Siraj

.Jal Merchant

.Puneger Bapeji

.Nooman

.Faredoon

.Prova

.Mohanlala

.Y.L. Chichulkar

.Shashimukhi

.Shanker Narmada

.A.R. Kardar

.Raja Sandow

.Amitav Ghosh

.Ramesh Niranjan

.Joy Narayan Mukherjee

.Abdul Rehman Kabuli

.Gopalchandra Bhattacharya

.Bidkar

.Surendranath  Ghosh

.Vishnupant Pagnis

.Bankim Dutta

.Baburao Pendharkar

.Thatte

.Dhansukhlal Mehta

.Light Alias

.Anant Apte

.Kanjibhai Rathod

.Moni Burma

.Umar

.Abdul Razaq

.Anant Khule

.S. Nazir

.G.R. John

.Kisan Lal

.Khan

.Jadhavrao

.M. Hussein

.Baburao Gade

.Damuanna Joshi

.Kankabati

.Y.V. Rao

.Elizer

.Dilip Raiji

.Fram Sethna

.Wadilal

.Ahi Sanyal

.Dhirendranath Ganguly

.Chittaranjan Goswami

.Master Rehman

.Zunzharrao Pawar

.Bhagwati Mishra

.Tukaram Mandhere

.Sailen Chowdhury

.Himmat

.Durgadas Bandyopadhyay

.Anil Kumar

.Tayeb

.Charu Roy

.Suresh

.Master Bachu

.Kalipada Das

.Ram Kishore

.Nandram

.Noor Mohammad Charlie

.Tulsi Banerjee

.Boman Shroff

.Alibux

.Das

.B.K. Mistry

.T.P. Kailasam

.Ghori

.Jai Kishan Nanda

.Inamdar

.Lala Bijoykishen

.Nimai

.Hasam

.Krishnaji Ghanekar

.S. Bhopatkar

.Nanda Babu

.Nandrekar

.Himanshu Rai

.Bhanu Banerjee Sr

.S.B. Rajhans

.Master Bhagaban Das

.Jhadhavrao

.Khanderao Kondke

.Vijay Kumar

.Danibabu

.Ata Mohamed

.W.M. Khan

.Gangaram

.Nayampally

.Shankarrao Bhute

.Jairam Desai

.Dabir

.Baburao Sansare

.Dattoba Rajwade

.Atul Gangopadhyay

.Prafulla

.Kali Prasad Ghose

.Lalu Bose

.Suryakant

.Bapuji Punegar

.Sundarrao Nadkarni

.Hiralal

.Navinchandra

.Rustom Irani

.Harihar Diwana

.Tarakumar Bhaduri

.Nimai

.Sawan Singh

.Zaverbhai Kaiser

.Dinshaw Bilimoria

.Thomas

.Mazhar Khan

.Behram Vasania

.K. C. Roy

.Marathe

.Jagtap Jr

.Manoranjan Bhattacharya

.J.C. Daniel

.Diwan Sharar

.Phani Burma

.Athavle

.Gani Babu

.Sultan Alam

.Haridas

.Madanlal Vakil

.Amboo

.K.P.Bhave

.Faram

.Vishnu

.Deben Mullick

.Keshavlal

.H. Dhodke

.Kedar Chatterjee

.Mohammad Ishaq

.Balasaheb Yadav

.Bandopant Sohoni

.Balahai

.P.R. Joshi

.Padval

.E. Bilimoria

.Satyen

.Jaynarayan Mukherjee

.Baburao Shinde

.Surajram

.Kanaknarayan Bhup

.Kukreja

.Manmatha Pal

.Aundhkar

.Baburao Datar

.Nirmalendu Lahiri

.Saiyed Umer

.Funniman

.Rustomji Patel

.Imtiaz Ali Taj

.Kshirsagar

.Nimbalkar

.Nanubhai

.Bachhuram

.Pandurang Varne

.Sushil Ghosh

.Sitarampant Joshi

.Phatak

.Salvi

.Trymbakrao Pradhan

.Madhav Malasure

.Siddimiya

.Tatyaba Shelar

.Jiban Gangopadhyay

.B.S. Rajhans

.Bishwanath Bhaduri

.Vasant Shinde

.Kanu Bannerjee

.R.N.Vaidya

.Sooraj Ram

.Jamshedji Khansaheb

.Durgadas Banerjee

.Premankur Atorthy

.Ganpatrao Bakre

.Maneklal Patel

.Limaye

.Dighe

.Ravji Mhaskar

.Dwarkadas Sampat

.Dhanji

.La Tosca

.A.K. Chakraborty

.Ravi Bhaskar

.Ahindra Choudhury

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[dweemeister]

Charulata (1964, India)

The first non-European to win the Nobel Prize in Literature was Rabindranath Tagore, winning in 1913 as the fourteenth laureate. Tagore, a Bengali author, represented the West’s increasing awareness of one aspect of Indian culture, just as Western filmmakers and moviegoing audiences became more aware of one aspect of Indian culture through Satyajit Ray’s films. Ray and Tagore come together in Charulata, Ray’s cinematic adaptation of Tagore’s novella Nastanirh. Nine years after his self-taught directorial debut, Ray had quickly become one of the most prominent figures in international cinema, and he himself believed that Charulata represented his work, “with the fewest flaws”. Also known as The Lonely Wife in English, Bengali-language Charulata requires some knowledge of Indian history and society, specifically its colonial ties to Britain and especially gender-informed attitudes towards women. Though I agree with Ray’s assessment of Charulata’s polish – of the seven movies of his I have seen – I would not say this is his best movie. Considering the quality of his work, even his lowest-standard work is worth witnessing.

Our setting is Calcutta, sometime in the late nineteenth century. Charulata (Madhabi Mukherjee, whose character is referred to as “Charu”) lives with her husband Bhupati (Sailen Mukherjee; no relation to his co-star) in their two-storied, terraced home. She is a housewife who reads any literature and poetry she can find in her spare time; he is the editor of a political newspaper supporting Indian independence. Bhupati’s offices are in a different section of the house, where women are not expected to be, if not outright barred from. So Charu’s days, when she is not reading, are often tedious. Her room, the house’s high walls, and an expansive backyard are all that make up her world. Not that Bhupati is unaware of his wife’s loneliness; he employs his elder brother Umapada (Shyamal Ghoshal; barely in this film) so that Charu has company with his wife, Manda (Gitali Roy). But Manda is too frivolous for Charu. So when Bhupati’s cousin Amal (Soumitra Chatterjee) arrives, Bhupati encourages Amal – a writer – to cultivate Charu’s literary interests.

What follows is a connection between two creative souls as intense as could be imagined. Charu and Amal might not be culture-shaping, headline-writing creators (yet), but their passions are sincere, stemming from their life experiences in times of self-discovery. Passing interests become a lifestyle. Love intermingles with rivalry, competing love. Ray, who also wrote the adapted screenplay and composed the theme music, is able to contain complicated emotions into uncluttered stories. In Charulata, that means planning out a seven-and-a-half-minute opening scene where there is almost no dialogue to introduce the audience to Charu – her personality, her dreams, her isolation. A less confident and skilled director-writer might use narration or spend double or triple that time to depict a character’s interactions with others to grant the audience a portrait of what we need to know about a character.

Permit me a fantasy, but it is moments like these – and countless others during Ray’s Apu trilogy – that make me wonder if Satyajit Ray would have been a transformational force in silent film had he been born some decades earlier. For he is excellent in strategizing and writing out moments where nary a word is spoken, where ideas and feelings are conveyed through the simplest things such as where a character has positioned their body, who or what are they looking at, and what they might be doing when no one else is in the vicinity. In a film where the characters use words to express themselves naturally, Ray needs no words to do so. This diligence is something not often thought about when a Ray movie (or anyone else’s movie, for that matter) is playing. Yet that attention in Ray’s screenplay to granular details is what inspires Charulata’s pathos, as well as in the Apu trilogy and 1966′s Nayak.

Yet there are moments in Charulata that will escape Western viewers. Writing for British film magazine Sight & Sound in 1982, Ray noted that some of the authors mentioned and alluded to in the film as well as songs used will only be accessible to those knowledgeable about Bengali culture. Repeated references to nineteenth century Bengali author Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay appear in the opening minutes. In the aforementioned opening scene, Charu quietly sings Chattopadhyay’s name to herself. Minutes later, Amal arrives at his cousin’s house – his hair wet, his clothes dirty from the storm outside – and quotes from Chattopadhyay, underlining an intellectual and emotional connection to Charu that lovers of Bengali literature will recognize instantly. And if you were wondering if I knew about all of this beforehand and am the most adventurous person when it comes to non-English language literature, the answer is no: I looked it up. This review and this blog is written for an English-speaking audience, and the expectation is that English speakers will take the most out of these movie write-ups. This point on Bengali literary references is just one illustration of how Charulata – which is comprehensible for Western viewers without knowledge of Bengali literature – is operating in meticulous ways that are known and unknown to us viewers.

Here is another point unknown to most in the West: Ray’s adaptation of Charulata concentrates on Charu, shifting the Tagore novella’s focus away from Bhupati. Literary critics of the Tagore novella have noted how its narrative concentration on Bhupati showcases how oblivious he is to his wife’s dissatisfaction with her life. Ray, by entitling his film Charulata and by giving Madhabi Mukherjee far more screentime than Sailen Mukherjee, attempts a feminist approach that mostly works. The complete lack of women engaged in political debates in the household and the newspaper’s headquarters displays, without pontification, how women were discouraged from engaging in, let alone speaking about, the nation’s politics and relationship to the British. Though Charulata seems to be supportive of her husband’s pro-independence positions, the film suggests how Indian women, in this case Bengali women, are more connected to certain populations and policies than Bengali men. The absence of feminist voices creates an echo chamber of self-confirmation – creating an environment similar to the undeserved air of confidence Amal exudes when contemplating his relationship to his wife. A similar dynamic can be applied to Amal’s beliefs – though not as damagingly masculine as his cousin’s – about the role of women in Bengali literature.

The budding relationship of Charu and Amal first exists in a place familiar, confining: a private sphere where women are restricted in action and thought. Charu attempts to reclaim this space as hers, asking Amal to never reveal the poetry he writes in her company to others. These verses are written in a personal notebook Charu gives to Amal. That sort of request goes beyond forbidden friendships and love affairs. Those words, composed in a particular place, supported by the care of a particular person, might have been written by Amal, but Charu feels some sense of ownership, too. This is a new experience for Charu, to see someone engaged in a creative process, let alone designating her as his muse (”muse” is used here not necessarily to connote romantic objectification as occasionally implied, and will be best understood when one views the film). So when Amal violates that trust, Charulata begins to resolve as a narrative, to the only conclusion that might be bearable for the three central protagonists.

Without the performances from the Soumitra Chatterjee and Madhabi Mukherjee, Charulata would not be as impactful as it is. Mukherjee, with her wondrous expressions and facial acting, is incredible as the titular character. In the film’s quietest, stillest moments, she is occupying her character’s life – her pangs of joyfulness and frustration etched on her forehead, eyes, and so many frowns – and showing the audience all that needs to be known as early as possible. It is a stunning performance. Second to Mukherjee is Chatterjee, balancing playfulness and an unwieldy amount of the film’s most visible empathy for Charu. Soulmates though Chatterjee and Madhabi Mukherjee might play, their characters have varying levels of comfort in how they approach sharing their interests with others. There is the necessary narrative friction here, and their performances make the finale all the more crushing for everyone involved – yes, even for Shailen Mukherjee’s negligent Bhupati.

Cinematographer Subrata Mitra – a Ray regular – and his tracking shots float across the house, only venturing outside for the film’s ten-minute scene in the backyard garden, with Soumitra Chatterjee swinging herself back and forth. It is evocative camerawork, unafraid of almost invasive close-ups meant to mark a character’s discomfort with the current situation. The final shot of Charulata is the stuff of vehement mixed opinions (I believe the effect to be unnecessary). Art director/production designer Bansi Chandragupta consulted with Ray well before shooting began to examine Ray’s blueprints of the household – carefully sketched like an architect’s work, along with furniture that Ray thought appropriate for the household. Chandragupta’s and Ray’s sets are a mix of traditional Indian and European designs, reflective of the worlds Bhupati is torn by and the upper-class privilege he thinks little of.

Satyajit Ray is not a director known for unambiguous conclusions, unscathed consciences. Charulata represents one of the most jagged conclusions he has directed and written, designed to linger long after the credits have finished. For Bhupati and Charu, their nest of comfort and homeliness is broken. For Amal (and perhaps Charu, too), what was once a haven has become a reminder. Heartbreak needs no translation.

My rating: 8/10

^ Based on my personal imdb rating. My interpretation of that ratings system can be found here.