#ccvv

[allforafro]

Jurassic park is trending om

I love jurassic park

I watched og trilogy a 975323899853247032488 times

[cb-writes-stuff]

SO I went through the Project Opal tag and WOW. Great worldbuilding, I can picture it. How do you come up with names and words in the language? I focus on the real world with my writing so not much is left up to me to decide.

I’m glad you asked! Which I’m realizing is a phrase I use a lot!

Loredump time~!

And also

Linguistics time~!

So! The language spoken by people in the Vandeth Desert is called Vandeth. You asked about names and words, so I’ll talk about names and words.

I knew I wanted to use a constructed language (or conlang, for short) for the Vandeth people. After a previous project proved extremely time-consuming and not at all worth it, I decided to create Vandeth using a top-down method. I started by just making up words, then seeing what they had in common, finding rules they follow. Every word I made after that would follow those rules. And when I needed grammar rules, I made those up, and continued following them.

Some of the most important things are vowel inventory, consonant inventory, and phonotactics (what sequences of sounds are allowed to go together). Vandeth uses the standard /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, and /u/ vowels, and that’s it. (They’re pronounced consistently, unlike in English.) I won’t write out all the consonants, but at this point I’m no longer adding any new ones.

Now, the phonotactics. This is mainly about syllable shapes. In Vandeth, the most common vowel shape is CV. After that is CVC. A very rare syllable shape is VC. Even rarer is CVV and CCVV. I also try to have a good balance of how often certain sounds appear and where. Hard, sharp sounds are more common, while soft, round sounds are rarer. What makes a sound hard, sharp, round, or soft is kinda vague. It’s a bit of a kiki/bouba situation. But to me, a word like “luvimo” doesn’t sound like Vandeth at all, but “shivaki” does.

But how do I even come up with new words? Well, I first look at the words I have and consider if it can be derived from any of those. At one point, I wanted a word for “gossip”. I looked at the words I had, and I noticed blai, “stain” and saksa, a verb stem meaning “to talk”. In Vandeth, words go after the word they describe, and when a word is derived from two others the words swip-swap. So the word for “gossip” ends up being blaisaksa. As another example, the word geital is a combination of gi, “two”, and keital, which used to be “gikeital” before it was shortened to be easier to say. The reason for this is that a geital is the same length as a keital but twice the length. The word keital itself actually comes from the verb stem kei, “to wear”, and the noun tal, “shadow”.

And what about names? Well, usually it’s just a word. Or it should be. I gave a throwaway character (an infant) the name Kimi, which in Vandeth means “pearl”. It’s kind of a cutesy name. Most often I just pick sounds that are Vandeth-y. It’s really important to me that Vandeth names (Vennem, Kalami, Mela) sound distinct from Delgane names (Lynn, Elvi, William, basically any English name) and names from other languages (Sóf, Markhi, Lili).

Don’t even get me started about grammar. There’s lots of linguistics and affixes involved, and admittedly, I haven’t made a whole lot of full sentences so the grammar is actually not super fleshed out. There’s enough for deriving words, though. Maybe I should just start translating random things, or have people send things to be translated via asks. Hmm… Anyway.

[noraamaru]

Introducing: Jananic language!

(Warning: long post! Keep in mind English is not my first language. I apologize for any grammar mistakes)

Jananic or Janaji (pronounced "dyanadyi") is the dominant language spoken in a fictional piece of land in Southeast Asia called the Hook-Eye Territory.

It's the official language in these 5 small countries (which I will address later on another post).

I inspired myself in a abugida writing system, also present in other languages such as Thai and Hindi. Here are the very basics about each sound and symbol.

Explaining it simply, in this kind of systems, vowels come attached to consonants in syllables (with some exceptions), instead of being written by its side, like you would do while using an alphabet.

Basics

Janaji has 6 vowels (15 if counting the pitch variations) and 16 consonants, only 3 of them being terminal consonants. A total of 31 separate sounds.

Syllables are usually formed as (CV), but can be (CVV), (CCV) or even (CCVV) if the consonant and/or vowel in it is duplicated. In JJ, different consonants or vowels can not share the same syllable. The only exceptions are:

• When the base sound is also a vowel and not a consonant (VV type of syllable)

• When the terminal consonants N and G are paired together at the end of a syllable

Let me show a few examples:

Writing directions

The writing direction can vary depending on the level of formality and context. On the present day, people will write horizontally, right to left or left to right. However, traditionally and in formal contexts, it's written vertically. If it's from bottom to top or top to bottom, it depends on the hierarchy between the people writing (if any).

• If you are speaking to your subordinate or someone who's either younger or less experienced than you, you write from top to bottom ↓. This makes you the dominant voice. (ex: a boss giving instructions to a worker)

• If you are speaking to an authority figure or just someone who's older or more experienced than you, you write from bottom to top ↑. This is a way of sounding more humble. (ex: a regular person sending a letter to a priestess)

People usually will not write vertically to talk to people they are very close to. However, vertical writing can also be used in posters, outdoors and ads, and especially art and poetry.

But worry not! For convenience reasons and better understanding, I'll write left to right when explaining stuff in my posts.

I think that's all for today!

[linguisticsizfun]

The verb “to come” in Telugu

వచ్చు vattsu “to come” is an irregular verb in Telugu and here I will explain all its irregularities. Examples in modern Telugu will be given, as well as the historical reasons why it is like this. The historical data will be traced back to Proto-Dravidian, with comparative data given in other Dravidian languages. The comparative data will be taken from the Dravidian etymological dictionary (DED), with extra info added as needed.

As a learner of Telugu, I assume other learners are reading this, so first I will give all the forms of vattsu in its tenses, as well as participle forms. Firstly, the conjugation of “to come” in all tenses. From left to right: past, future/ non-past, present continuous.

నేను nēnu "I" - వచ్ఛాను vacchæːnu - వస్తాను vastānu - వస్తున్నాను vastunnānu

నువ్వు nuvvu "thou/ you" - వచ్ఛావు vacchæːvu - వస్తావు vastāvu - వస్తున్నావు vastunnāvu

వాడు vāɖu "he" - వచ్ఛాడు vacchæːɖu - వస్తాడు vastāɖu - వస్తున్నాడు vastunnāɖu

అది adi "she, it" - వచ్చింది vacchindi - వస్తుంది vastundi - వస్తున్నది vastunnadi

మేము mēmu/ మనము manamu "we" - వచ్ఛాము vacchæːmu - వస్తాము vastāmu - వస్తున్నాము vastunnāmu

మీరు mīru "you"/ వారు vāru "they" - వచ్ఛారు vacchæːru - వస్తారు vastāru - వస్తున్నారు vastunnāru

అవి avi "they" - వచ్ఛా��ి vacchæːyi - వస్తాయి vastāyi - వస్తున్నాయి vastunnāyi

Negative tenses

The simple non-past negative, which can also be used for future, conjugates for all persons.

నేను nēnu "I" - రాను rānu

నువ్వు nuvvu "thou/ you" - రావు rāvu

వాడు vāɖu "he" - రాడు rāɖu

అది adi "she, it" - రాదు rādu

మేము mēmu/ మనము manamu "we" - రాము rāmu

మీరు mīru "you"/ వారు vāru "they" - రారు rāru

అవి avi "they" - రావు rāvu

The past negative is రాలేదు rālēdu "did not come" and it applies to all pronouns. Similarly, the negative continuous is రావటంలేదు rāvaʈamlēdu "is not coming".

The imperative is used when giving orders or requests. It is as follows:

రా rā (singular), రాండి~ రండి ra(a)ɳɖi (plural) “come”

negative imp. - రాకు rāku (singular), రాకంది rākaɳɖi (plural) “do not come”

“vattsu” is the dictionary form but it takes the form రా rā in some contexts. In Telugu, the root came from *var-cc-, with *-cc- being a past tense suffix (Krishnamurti, 2003, p. 298). The suffix is also attached to verbs ending in -yu in the past tense; చేశాను cēśæːnu "I did", వ్రాశాను vrāśæːnu "I wrote". Which is why the suffix does not feature in non-past tenses, like రా rā (imperative, infinitive), రాను (negative) "I will/do not come", రాలేదు rālēdu (past negative, made with infinitive +lēdu) "did not come", as they came from *var-a.

Now that the forms of the verb have been established, I will go over more of the linguistic details. Firstly, I took the entry from the DED and enhanced it with adding the scripts of each language, along with Proto-Dravidian info where found.

DED 5270 *vaH-r- "to come" > Ta. வா vā, வரு- varu-, Ma. വരിക varika, Ka. ಬರ್ bar, Te. వచ్చు vaccu, Go. waiānā, Kui vāva

This is because Telugu undergoes a rule of CVCV > CCVV, though it mainly applies when the second consonant turns to -r-. And in modern Telugu, for most words the consonant clusters are simplified so the -r- just disappears, unless it is vr- which becomes r-. More examples below:

DED 5372 "to live", *vāʐ > Ta. வாழ் vāʐ, Ma. വാഴുക vāʐuka, Ka. ಬಾಳು bāɭu, ಬದುಕು baduku, OKa. ಬೞ್ದುಂಕು baʐdunku, Te. బ్రతుకు bratuku "to live, life" (I think the Telugu word is a Kannada borrowing as v- > b- is a Kannada sound change, not Telugu)

DED 5263 *vari- > Ta. வரி vari-, வரை varai- "to draw", Te. వ్రాయు~ రాయు (v)rāyu "to write", Go. rasāna "writer", Kui vrīsa scratch, mark

DED 2149 *koʐ-V "tender, young” > Ta. கொழுந்து koʐuntu "tender twigs, leaves, shoots", கொழுமை koʐumai "beauty, fertility, plumpness", Ka. ಕೊಡ koɖa tender, Te. క్రొత్త~ కొత్త k(r)otta "new", Go. kōɽsānā to sprout, grow, Kui koɽgi newly sprouted, green, immature

Examples of VCV > CVV

DED 2559 *cil "not" > Ta. இல்லை illai "no", Ka. ಇಲ್ಲ illa "no, does not exist, there is not", Te. లే- lē "is not", లేదు lēdu "no", Go. sile, hill- "not be", Kui siɖa

DED 474 *ira-ɳʈ 2 > Ta. இரண்டு iraɳʈu, Ma. രണ്ടു raɳʈu, Ka. ಎರಡು eraɖu, Te. రెండు reɳɖu, Go. ranɖ(u), Kui rī

DED 502 *iʐi- "to descend" > Ta. இழி iʐi, Ma. ഇഴിക iʐika, Ka. ಇಳಿ iɭi, Te. ɖigu, Go. ḍigānā, Kui dīva

I added Gondi and Kui data since they are in the same branch as Telugu but so far I am inconclusive about the sound changes in them. I have not studied any Dravidian language apart from Telugu to be confident about saying things about them. Languages used:

South Dravidian

Ta. - Tamil

Ma. - Malayalam

Ka. - Kannada

South-Central Dravidian aka South Dravidian II

Te. - Telugu

Go. - Gondi

Kui

Notes

I used just “v” for the Proto-Dravidian and modern languages. It does get annoying that different books alternate v vs w, but I settled on using v. And they are supposed to make the same sound anyways, so it does not really matter.

The consonants ḻ, r̤, ẓ, which I wrote as ʐ correspond to the consonants in Tamil ழ, Malayalam ഴ, Old Kannada ೞ. Different sources write these in different ways, so I just wrote what aesthetically satisfies me.

Reference List

B.     Krishnamurti. (2003). The Dravidian Languages. Cambridge University Press.

B.     Krishnamurti, & J. P. L. Gwynn. (1985). A Grammar of Modern Telugu.     Oxford University Press.

Burrow,     T., and M. B. Emeneau. (1984). A Dravidian etymological dictionary. 2nd     ed. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Clarendon Press. https://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/burrow/.

Fabricius,     Johann Philipp (1972). J. P. Fabricius's Tamil and English dictionary. 4th     ed., rev.and enl. Tranquebar: Evangelical Lutheran Mission Pub. House.

N.Učida,     B.B.Rajapurohit & J. Takashima. (2013). Kannada-English Etymological     Dictionary. Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and     Africa (ILCAA), Tokyo University of Foreign Studies.

Reconstruction:Proto-Dravidian/wāẓ.     (2022, August 18). In Wiktionary. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Dravidian/wāẓ

ಬೞ್ದುಂಕು. (2022, July     5). In Wiktionary. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ಬೞ್ದುಂಕು

[vlonuva]

ccvv

[hosss22210]

CCVV

[george228732]

Fylass comes back and asks Selene if he tasted good ccvv

WAIT NO I WAS JUST TRYING TO MAKE A FUNNY/ih

[germanautohaus]

Wondering if the PCV valve in your engine has failed? This is a positive indicator. When the PCV valve fails it puts an enormous vaccum strain on the crankcase. Enough to where you have to fight to pull the oil cap off. It also leads to increased oil consumption and potentially causing your rear main seal to rupture! 😮 #GermanAutohaus #Chattanooga #Tennessee #ScenicCity #PCV #Separator #Diaphragm #OilCap #Vacuum #CCVV #OilConsumption #Failure #EuroShop (at German Autohaus) https://www.instagram.com/p/B3E-Y8VFnbm/?igshid=1538sg3bs1wv5

[connorfrantaphotography]

[vegansunlover]

"Meine Freunde sind eine einzige Enttäuschung" (at Munich, Germany) https://www.instagram.com/p/CcVv-XwrsPj/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[enochianribs]

Hi guys I think Dean would hasacggfdnn hjkgjccj gxcytftf. Ccvv vvmvvjtxxt vvmjugug77.--<$

[marienailsworld]

... 白とゴールドのオーガニック。 シンプルだけどハイセンス。 #nailartist #nailstagram #nailsofinstagram #nailswag #nailpro #nailist #marienails #nail #nails #naildesign #nailart #fashion #trend #gelnails #instanails #fashionista #fashionlove #botanical #マリーネイルズ #ネイルデザイン #ネイル #ジェルネイル #ファッション #ネイルサロン #ネイリスト #お洒落さんと繋がりたい #ボタニカル #ネイルアート #おしゃれ #コーデ https://www.instagram.com/p/CCvv-JqDn_g/?igshid=kbutqmeq3rdt

[tumalele]

#bijoux#colori#fantasia# https://www.instagram.com/p/CCvV-5Gq9Uu/?igshid=15a9nvb7mqpmi

[kaiobarreiros-blog]

Ontem eu comi muito salmão, tomei todos os drink's do bar, provei de tudo, vi muita treta, muito mico, muita comédia e nem fiquei ruim, mas tentei! Kkkk #ccvv #oriental #pretaformou #formandospedagogia #denovo #queroaminha #neragay (em Ccvv Vila Velha)

[edsonsoterioposts]

214 ofertas de FONTANERO encontradas

214 ofertas de FONTANERO encontradas

FONTANERO OBRAS EDIFICIO -CCVV ELECNOR, S.A 4,3 1.320 opiniones Madrid, Madrid (España) Presencial Publicada hace 22h Salario no disponible Experiencia mínima: al menos 2 años Tipo de contrato: indefinido, jornada completa Descripción de la empresa Elecnor es una de las principales corporaciones globales en desarrollo, construcción y operación de proyectos a través de dos grandes negocios…