#caravan commodities

[whencyclopedia]

The Camel Caravans of the Ancient Sahara

The camel caravans which crossed the great dunes of the Sahara desert began in antiquity but reached their golden period from the 9th century CE onwards. In their heyday caravans consisted of thousands of camels travelling from North Africa, across the desert to the savannah region in the south and back again, in a hazardous journey that could take several months. Stopping along the way at vital oases, the caravans were largely controlled by the Berbers who acted as middlemen in the exchange of such desired commodities as salt, gold, copper, hides, horses, slaves, and luxury goods. The trans-Saharan trade brought with it ideas in art, architecture, and religion, transforming many aspects of daily life in the towns and cities of a hitherto isolated part of Africa.

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[dogloveri23]

Thieves and Saints

pairing: Cyno X gn! reader Warning: Angst and mentions of death A/n: So, I just want to mention again that these posts are to celebrate my blog's 4-year anniversary and the others will be linked in the anniversary post here!

Often times Cyno often layed in bed and questioned the decision he would make if his ideals and desires one day collided. He often weighed his decisions and came to the conclusion that he wouldn't let go of his ideals. He saw it as an interesting concept but never a reality at least not until today. His muscles tensed as he raced through Sumeru city to get to the Academia. His lungs burned and his sweat dripped profusely across his entire body.

"Theif, you shall not be spared by the Matra!", He heard someone yell. He hoped and prayed that his intel was wrong but it was rarely wrong. Yet he held faith in Hamanubis that this would be some cruel joke.

"If this was past Sumeru, you would be killed quietly in a corner", Another voice said.

The closer he got, he could see your familiar tuft of hair. Your head dropped as you hiccupped between cries. "I didn't do this, I know that's what the evidence is pointing to but I swear I know nothing about this!"

Your voice was shaking, you didn't sound the way you usually did and now you were covered in cuts and bruises that would get infected if no one helped you out.

"Step away from them," He spoke firmly. He could feel the rage bubbling within him as his eyes glanced at your restraints. You looked up at him and he could see a glimmer of hope in your eyes. But he couldn't relax not when he understood the gravity of the situation.

"General, this person is in charge of all previous cases of the stolen commodity. They and their people are in charge of crippling the economy and trade of all of Sumeru as we know it!"

It was a lie. Cyno knew it. He didn't have to see the evidence to know it. "What are the grounds and evidence of your claims?" He inquired, his eyes not leaving you and his mind not ceasing its prayers.

"The fingerprints analysis of her and those on the abandoned carriers in the desert line up as well as various photos of her with the fatui."

Both were suspicious but the odds of you working with the people who killed your parents are highly unlikely. If anything, you were probably seeking revenge. He would make sure to scold you when you got out of here. The fingerprint would be a tougher case to dispute.

"General Cyno, Carriers are not touched by mere passersby in Sumeru. As they do not work at Caravan Ribat to inspect goods, unless she was actively involved, it would make no sense for their fingerprint to be there!" A matra argued.

It was a solid line of reasoning. "Did you question the suspect?" He asked as sourness filled his mouth. It didn't feel right to call you a suspect but if he let a term of endearment slip, there would be no way for him to save you.

"Yes, but they insist they had no part in it and they just happened to be caught up in the middle. They mentioned helping a child going by the name of Zamba that they met in Sumeru City. No names were found in the archives"

"Then we shall take their word on it and search for Zamba. It would destroy the face of the Matra if we gave undeserving sentences".

"But if we let them go and they escape, they could likely cause more trouble. We shall detain them in prison for three days while we investigate."

"Very Well"

He grits his teeth. He couldn't stop you from going to prison as it was standard protocol. It was just three days, he needed you to hang on for three days while he got the evidence to set you free. He could save you and still stick to his ideals.

"Cyno! Cyno, please! The crimes I am being accused of are grave, the prisoners were starved because of it. If they get word that I may-"

"I'll look into it," He cut you off. But it was cold, too cold. He could see the last rays of hope completely fade from your eyes. It was like you knew something that he did not. Yet, if he spoke any longer, he wasn't sure how much longer he'd be able to keep his emotions at bay.

As soon as he was left to his own advances, he endlessly scoured the desert looking and searching for clues. His body begged for rest and yet he knew that if he closed his eyes, you would be behind bars.

As Hamanubis would have it, he found the real culprits and brought them to the Academia. He could feel his body crashing and yet he wouldn't give in, not until you were back home safe. Not until he could hold you to fall asleep. Not until he could kiss your worries away and have you back.

On his arrival at the academia, the other Matra gave each other solemn looks as they scratched the back of they're heads. "The person from earlier is innocent as per my report. I had expected to see you processing their release."

No response. Cyno cocked his head and looked at them once more. He couldn't understand why none of them refused to bring you out. Why were they choosing to keep his happiness away from him? Why were they choosing to deny him of his lover? He hadn't slept in days and yet they chose to withdraw his slumber further by keeping them away!

"General... They were killed. It slipped that they were a suspect and-"

"And you let the other prisoners mess with them?" He yelled. His calm exterior faltered in the blink of an eye.

"Sir-"

"You let them die!"

He felt himself fall to his knees as his palms dug into the ground. He could feel Hamanubis' power slipping out of him uncontrollably. He was too angry to stay calm. He was too upset to keep up a Facade. He wanted everyone and anyone to pay for the grave mistake.

***

Cyno coughed loudly as he broke into a cold sweat. His eyes dashed around to the familiar walls and bedding till they landed on you staring at him concerned. You looked sleepy and your general appearance was dishevelled. but you were unharmed and in one piece, just the way he liked you. It was all a terrible dream. He sighed in relief.

"Are you ok, Cyno. Do you need me to-" His arms engulfed you as his fingers traced patterns into your back.

"Just hug me. That's all I need my love."

"Alright, " You sigh. Your eyes are still heavy but you can tell he needs this from you."I love you."

"I love you too. And please run away from anyone named Zamba."

[paganimagevault]

Sogdian ancient letter 5, about the year 313 CE

"The author of letter 5 was writing from Guzang, the modern Wu-wei, located northwest of Luoyang in the Hexi Corridor. The addressee of the letter may have been resident in Khotan, an important town along the southern silk route just before it crosses the Pamir Mountains to reach the oases of Transoxania, the region between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers. This letter also refers to the chaos and difficult conditions in China; the author's position had apparently been made the more difficult when his commercial partner, Ghawtus, abandoned him. Thus the author was forced to return from Dunhuang to Guzang.

The letters include the names of several products--silver, linen and a kind of unprocessed cloth, musk (whose source was Tibet), pepper, and "white" (probably white lead powder, a valuable commodity used in cosmetics and drugs). Unfortunately the meaning of some terms for other products is not known. It appears from the quantities mentioned that the trade was relatively small-scale and, as we might expect, focused on goods with high value for the weight."

-Prof. Daniel C. Waugh at University of Washington

Translations of the letter (translation by Prof. Nicholas Sims-Williams, University of London):

"[Verso] To the noble lord, the chief merchant Aspandhat. -- [Sent] by your servant [Fri-khwataw].

[Recto] To the noble lord Aspandhat, blessing (and) homage. And (it would be) a [good] day [for him] who might see you healthy (and) safe, happy, free from illness (and) content. Fr[om Fri-khwataw] your servant. And [for me the] day (would be still) better if [I might see] you [my]self [and] might pay homage to you from nearby, [as] (homage is offered) to the Gods.

[From] inside (China) [I] have heard worse, not better, (news) day (by) day, and whatever I might write concerning A[khurmaztakk](?), how he himself went (away) and what he had . . . I have become isolated, and, behold, I stay here in Guzang and I do not go hither (and) thither, and there is no caravan(?) (departing) from here. In Guzang (there are) 4 bundles of "white" for dispatch, and 2,500 (measures of)(?) pepper for dispatch, and a double prasthaka of n(••y)t, and 5 prasthakas of rysk, and half a stater of silver. When Ghawtus went (away) from Guzang I went after him, and I came to Dunhuang, (but) I was prevented(?) from straying(?) outside (China). (If) . . . Ghawtus had seen [=found?] a level route, then I would have brought out the "Blacks." Many Sogdians were ready to leave, (but) they could not leave, for Ghawtus went by(?) the mountains. I(?) would (have) remain(ed) at Dunhuang, but they [=the Sogdian inhabitants] were destitute. I depend(?) on charity(?) from your 'pr'k, for I am serving(?) . . . in Guzang, and [they . . .] me, and they make me . . ., and they obtain my . . ., [and] they increase (it) with our . . . And . . . I am very wretched, and . . . the . . .

I heard thus: Kharstrang [owed(?)] you twenty staters of silver, and he declared(?) thus: I (will) bring(?) (it). He gave me the silver, and I weighed it, and (there were only) four and a half staters altogether. I asked: If he [sent] twenty staters, why do you give me four and a half staters? He said thus: Aspandhat found me on the way and he gave (it) to me(?). {He said thus: (There are) seven and a half staters of silver.} And for four staters I obtained four loads of 'st(k)[•](m). And the "Blacks" took the silver, for they said thus: We(?) have no money. For (according to them it is) better (that) I should be wretched than they! (If) you should hear how Akhurmaztakk has done me harm, then you should pay heed (to this) too.

Sent by your servant Fri-khwataw. This letter was written from Guzang in the third month on the thirtieth (day)."

[theblackbookofarkera]

Saibia Travelers, the

The Saibia Travelers are a nomadic consortium of merchants, weaving through the intricate and sprawling trade routes of the Sharoo Magyar Alligium nexus. Their ambition is vast, as they aim to monopolize all commerce across Arkera.

This guild of traders is renowned for their cunning and resourcefulness, specializing in the procurement of exotic and elusive commodities that are coveted across the world. The Saibia Travelers are not mere merchants; they are collectors of secrets, masters of negotiation, and scholars of the arcane. They possess an extensive repository of knowledge, which they leverage to engage with insular societies that are typically hostile to foreign influence. Their expertise extends to mastering rare dialects and participating in esoteric rituals, all in the pursuit of establishing trade relations with these xenophobic communities.

The Saibia Travelers are easily identifiable by the distinctive orange hue of their lips, a telltale sign of their consumption of abis—a potent nootropic that sharpens the mind and enhances perception. This substance is integral to their trade, allowing them to maintain a keen edge in their dealings and negotiations.

Traveling in compact caravans, the Saibia Travelers are accompanied by a cadre of enslaved warriors—individuals who have been subjected to cruel conditioning to serve their masters unquestioningly. These warriors are a grim testament to the lengths the Saibia Travelers will go to protect their interests and secure their cargo.

As they traverse the diverse landscapes of Arkera, the Saibia Travelers continue to expand their influence, their network of contacts, and their repository of rare goods. Their presence is a blend of fear and fascination among the local populations, as they bring with them the promise of wealth and the threat of subversion. In the grand tapestry of Arkera's commerce, the Saibia Travelers are a force to be reckoned with, their motives as complex as the routes they travel.

[santmat]

"That which you came into this life to obtain is the Name of the Lord, which can be found in the house of the saints. Trade in your ego and gain back your soul, and in the scales of the heart, weigh only the Name. Carrying only the Name, begin the journey in the caravan of saints, shedding all else that is false and would bind you. Then all will bless you, and your face will be radiant in the home of God. Few are they who trade in this commodity. Nanak is ever a sacrifice unto them." (Guru Arjun Dev, Book of Sukmani, Peace Lagoon translation)

[antaxzantax]

Umbrella Pharmaceuticals - Chapter 34

He had chosen Raccoon City for its isolation, its poverty, its vibrant decadence. It was a wasteland, terra nullius[1]; a chimera, neither an industrial centre nor a small town in the foothills of the Appalachians. It was a want and I can't; a kind of American East End[2].

He landed there on the recommendation of a good old Californian friend. This friend, who knew of Oswell’s eternal desire to found his Motor City [3], recommended the Midwest because of its accelerated post-war boom. Cities such as Detroit had expanded relentlessly, and others such as Gary had sprung up like mushrooms. In the late 1950s, he opened the first Anzec Pharma plant in Detroit. Twenty years later, the Umbrella Pharmaceuticals plant closed due to the oil crisis of the early 1970s and the ongoing outsourcing of manufacturing to the Third World, a process Oswell hoped would be completed with Thatcher's impending election victory. Because of its terrible location and limited industrialisation, Raccoon City participated in the birth of the Rust Belt [4], becoming one of the few towns whose mayoralty was sold to foreign and domestic investors for four pounds. This attracted Oswell like a moth to a fly lamp. He took over the town hall and in less than five years, subverting the law, had his country house and training centre built. The financial boost he brought, in return for his guaranteed interference in the council, meant more jobs, more houses and more middle-class families happy with their bland lifestyles, less crime, fewer vagrants and well-fed bellies thanks to co-optation and bribery. In short, his plan had worked.

But there was another problem. The question of the Progenitor. It all fitted into the jigsaw of interpersonal relationships, favours and shell companies that would be used to carry out the second phase. With the approval of the City Council and the dismissal of the police, the disappearance of a handful of junkies, prostitutes, beggars and poor Whites, Blacks, Latinos and Asians would not attract attention if it was done with care and wisdom. He had already chosen his first “hotbed”: Eastside, the city's poorest area. A rattrap of dilapidated housing, half-ruined squats and caravan parks. Its residents struggled against the common ills of unemployment and drug addiction, the wilful incompetence of the authorities, the total neglect of the federal government and an unbearable desperation. In this situation, there was one problem: rats, and he proposed the solution: a fumigation company. They would either knock on the door or find an unsuspecting person driving a large, well-equipped van. The training centre was half an hour away. Sick, crippled or healthy: it didn’t matter. Marcus would process the “commodity” and some of it would be diverted to Spencer Mansion. If it worked, the next step would be Europe.

That was what had been agreed.

[1] Literally Latin for “no man's land”.

[2] The East End of London, often referred to within the London area simply as the East End, is the historic core of wider East London, east of the Roman and medieval walls of the City of London and north of the River Thames. The area was notorious for its deep poverty, overcrowding and associated social problems.

[3] Detroit's nickname, in the sense of an industrial and corporate city.

[4] The term "Rust Belt" refers to the impact of deindustrialization, economic decline, population loss, and urban decay on these regions attributable to the shrinking industrial sector especially including steelmaking, automobile manufacturing, and coal mining.

[rosinaperfumery]

Amazing Jade is a fragrance with warm and spicy notes of the Orient.  Olfactory evocation of the Silk Route, heiress of the Jade Route, symbol of overture and rich diversity, this perfume evokes an exciting voyage in the heart of the caravans carrying rare commodities where the spicy effluvium of incense and leather meld together in a wake of wood and musk.

Olfactory Notes

Top: Roasted pistachio, hazelnut

Heart: Incense, labdanum, tuscan leather

Base: Musk, agarwood

#amazingjade #lessoeursdenoe #rosinaperfumery #templeofaphea

[ocean-of-junk]

if you do fall into the trap, create a detailed history of where some commodity comes from and its history of how it plays in to the current setting. Like whats the main industry of the area? wheat/rice/potatoes? Silk? wool? Dye? fish? even trade hubs need the ability to produce their own food. How dose the landscape and weather fit in.

in current modern era we kind of do not think about this since you can find EVERYTHING all year round in the same grocery store.

irl we all kind of learn over time where stuff originates. like lets say olives. what kind of journey have they taken to reach you? what amazing stories have we missed out on just because olives are the catalyst?

Something that's not like plot relative, it just already exists in the world. In general I dont write anything detailed about the setting untill I start writing myself into a corner. Like my current setting, the people my main character generally interacts with are too poor to afford silk clothing, outside of perhaps a wedding dress, but of course the rich people show off with layers and layers of silk all year round. So it gets imported. where is it imported from? how dose it travel? who cultivates the worms ect. ect. ect. the main industry in my starting area is wheat or rice, I cant decide yet. and sheep or goats. so lots of wool-ish clothing. due to space limitations horses and cows are rare. chickens? ducks? quail? Not sure. but my main character wants a burger but beef is way out of their reach.

like there's a whole process there where you can insert a backstory, or call back to it later when you need a caravan or a farmer turned mercenary story.

even if its fantasy where dose the stuff come from?

oh man chocolate. it exists, but where? are there mass produced bars or is it reserved for the royalty/super rich?

eventually you'll get tired of writing where the stuff comes from and you'll want to write the actual story and how your character eventually interacts with that stuff.

What they don’t tell you about storytelling is that it becomes an instinct over time. You learn how to kind of … intuitively chain events together over time. That doesn’t mean it’s a cakewalk, or that you never get stuck on plotbeats, but you have a better time walking yourself out of corners that you as a less experienced writer would have been tempted to abandon your story over. Because you’ve been stuck in similar corners before; you know how you get out now.

I know its frustrating to keep hitting dead ends, but you got this. You’ll learn a little from every roadblock you hit.

[libraryofcirclaria]

775

Library of Circlaria

Remikra Timeline

Edoran Prosperity and the Desire for Tomlas

As the 700s continued, the Edoran economy grew. Trade with the sea guilds increased tremendously along the coastlines, while land merchants traded with the Kingdom of Daylram and Norm, as well as Wannonia, Tomlas, and even Ecnedivelc and Malbec. The Crown slowly but steadily increased taxes on goods as the Edoran Kingdom continued to prosper.

Between 741 and 742, three gold quarries were discovered in Tomlas. Local Edoran merchants near the border began traveling to and from these locations to barter for such a precious material. Also a desirable commodity present in the nation of Tomlas was its expansive fields of grain. As the Edoran population continued to grow, it could barely sustain itself on its domestic farmland, which was not so yielding because only small bits of it existed between the Corren summits. Therefore, food was expensive. In 743, after Edoran merchants seeking gold returned with word on such plentiful fields, a trade deal was signed between the two nations, where the Edoran Kingdom would export minerals and wood in exchange for Tomlassan exports of grains and furs.

Tension Between the Two Kingdoms

However, a change in Tomlassan leadership would bring a difference in the relationship between the two Kingdoms. In 755, after a two-year coup that ensued in the wake of Queen Ura III's unexpected death, King Mendon IV ascended the throne. As King of Tomlas, Mendon IV was jealous of Edoran prosperity, and instilled a high tariff on the grain trade. In the following year, King Peter III of the Edoran Kingdom responded with high tariffs on wood and minerals. In 757, Tomlas retaliated with yearly limits on gold traded from its three quarries, to which the Edorans responded in 758 with a steep increase in their existing tariffs. It was in 760, a year after, and a response to, the nation of Tomlas setting limits on its grain exports, that King Peter III verbally threatened war.

The Edorans began following through with their threats by commencing target practice with their muskets. In 762, the Tomlassans discovered this and built fortresses dedicated to the infantry training of muskets as well. King Mendon IV also drafted all young and able-bodied Tomlassans to join. In the year that followed, in response to this, the Edorans built even stronger fortresses and instituted their own military draft.

Nalesh was born in 745 to a family of independent Tomlassan farmers who grew large amounts of grains. With this, they fed themselves, but also traded large portions. They were hurt financially when the tariffs began taking effect. When tension began to increase between Tomlas and Edora, Nalesh was made to join the Tomlassan Army, where he encountered a rival named Demor, who won an unfair draw to obtain additional lands of grain, given away by the family of a deceased owner. In May 765, in retaliation to this, Nalesh and a company of his followers deserted the Tomlassan Army, and subsequently attacked and captured one of the three gold quarries. In October, he made a deal with the Edorans, offering them ownership of the quarry in exchange for an entire county and its mineral reserves in the Correns. Nalesh and King Peter III agreed to the deal; and King Peter III sent a caravan of merchants to make the Edoran claim.

However, Demor had a network of spies, including spellcrafters and eagle-riders, observing Nalesh and his activities. Upon hearing news of the deal with the Edorans, Demor sent a message to King Mendon IV, who, in March 767, dispathed a division of the Tomlassan Army, who fired muskets at and killed most members of the merchant group. Survivors of the massacre fled back to the Edoran Kingdom and sent a message to King Peter III, who declared war.

The Edoran-Tomlassan War

In September 767, the Edorans launched their first major offense across the Tomlassan border, attacking the nation with infantry and calvary, carrying muskets and swords, as well as archers and spellcrafters, serving as eagle-riders. The Tomlassans were engineered in a similar fashion, though; and there were three of them for every two Edorans. The Edorans were pushed back to only five miles into Tomlassan territory as a result.

Sir Paul Venn of Cales, during this time, invented the spellfire-trigger, meaning that muskets build with such no longer required gunpowder. The King recruited a division of his forces to train with these, and supplied such weapons to the battlefront. In October 769, Edoran forces launched another major offensive, during which the Tomlassans were outmatched, enduring heavy casualties. They were forced to retreat to Tomlas proper, as the Edorans closed in around its walls, placing it under siege.

Nalesh, having survived the conflict thus far, and making his way into the city for protection, employed spellfire skills gained in earlier years, and managed to sneak into Tomlas proper the idea for the spellfire-trigger invention made by Paul Venn. Within the city walls sat an eagle aviary, owned by eagle-breeder, Zin Midan. Midan created a wartime invention which involved a large basket that could carry two soldiers, which was tied on each of its four corners by a long rope. Each of the four ropes was each tied to a separate eagle manned by a rider, as the four of them trained to fly in coordination. Midan, during this time, replicated his invention for five-hundred units. In May 770, utilizing this strategy, the Tomlassans launched a surprise attack upon the weakest part of the siege. The Edorans were unprepared for this, as each basket was manned by two soldiers armed with muskets, and they endured high casualties. As a result, the siege was broken while the Tomlassans reclaimed nearly all sovereign land previously taken.

Meanwhile, in Edora proper, Sir John Motters was well-informed on matters concerning the war with Tomlas. He noted a problem with the musket, claiming that its open bell made it difficult to hit targets accurately. The mitigating factor was that such a designed was originally intended on facilitating the loading of ammunition. Motters' solution was to narrow the open end so that it was the same length as the base of the gun, and to provide each soldier with a special funnel tube separate from the gun to facilitate the loading of ammunition. The result of this was improved accuracy and increased range. Before long, the King approved of these enhancements, and recruited a division to train with them while adapting the new gun to the battlefield. This invention became known as the closed musket.

In September 771, armed now with closed muskets, the Edorans launched a third major offensive against the Tomlassans. They now could hit the eagles carrying the baskets and inflict higher Tomlassan casualties. Furthermore, since the Tomlassans had not yet adapted closed muskets, themselves, the Edorans copied the eagle-basket idea and fly over the walls of Tomlas proper, striking forces inside. With this method, they shot dead the gatekeepers and forced open the gates. As the Edorans poured in, Tomlas fell, during which King Mendon IV was shot dead. Tomlas was now part of the Edoran Kingdom.

772-773: Tension Between Edora and Moorland

In 772, King Castol VI, ruling over Moorland since 753, saw the fall of Tomlas as cause for concern. In a method of drafting similar to the Edorans and Tomlassans, he recruited able-bodied candidates in large numbers, training all of them with closed muskets, while building numerous fortresses along the border. Meanwhile, King Peter III saw the Moorlandish fortification as a threat, and, throughout 773, also boosted soldier recruitment while constructing even stronger fortresses. The conquered city of Tomlas proper was enhanced with extra lines of defense, and was renamed Fort Nalesh, after their Tomlassan contributor.

The Truce of 774

In September 774, King Peter III died and was succeeded by Queen Elaina, who called for a truce with Moorland. In a compromise, both nations promised to reduced staffing of their fortresses with only enough to protect passerby from bandits, while a deal of open trade allowed for the trade of certain goods like gold and wheat with no tariffs. In January 775, King Castol VI of Moorland agreed to the terms; and the deal was signed.

<- 729 <- || -> 777 ->

[aniket623]

Gartang Gali: An Ancient India-Tibet Route in Uttarakhand

Introduction

Nestled in the serene landscape of Uttarakhand, Gartang Gali is an ancient India-Tibet route that holds immense historical and cultural significance. This pathway, once a bustling trade route, now offers travelers a unique glimpse into the past, combined with the breathtaking beauty of the Himalayan region. With a rich history and stunning vistas, Gartang Gali is an unmissable destination for adventurers, history enthusiasts, and nature lovers alike.. The sight of this waterfall is a treat to the eyes of the admirer and thus it is one of the most popular waterfalls in Meghalaya; so much so that it has now become a symbol of the tourism scenario in this state.

Historical Significance

Gartang Gali was a crucial link between India and Tibet, facilitating the exchange of goods and culture. Traders traversed this treacherous path with their caravans, carrying essential commodities such as salt, wool, and spices. The route not only served economic purposes but also played a significant role in cultural exchanges between the two regions. Walking along Gartang Gali today, one can almost hear the echoes of ancient traders and the clattering of hooves on the wooden planks.

The Route

Gartang Gali is a wooden bridge pathway carved into the rocky cliffs of the Himalayas. It spans approximately 150 meters, perched at an altitude of around 11,000 feet above sea level. The pathway is narrow and requires careful navigation, adding an element of adventure to the journey. The bridge offers spectacular views of the surrounding mountains and valleys, making it a paradise for photographers and nature enthusiasts.

Restoration and Accessibility

What to Expect

Travelers visiting Gartang Gali can expect a blend of adventure, history, and natural beauty. The trek to the pathway is moderately challenging, suitable for those with a reasonable level of fitness. As you make your way along the narrow wooden planks, the sense of walking in the footsteps of ancient traders adds a profound dimension to the experience.

The surrounding landscape is characterized by towering pine trees, rugged cliffs, and the distant hum of rivers flowing through the valleys. The air is crisp and fresh, filled with the invigorating scent of pine and wildflowers. The views from Gartang Gali are nothing short of spectacular, offering a panoramic vista of the Himalayan range that leaves visitors in awe.

Nearby Attractions

While Gartang Gali is a highlight in itself, the region offers several other attractions that can be included in your itinerary. Here are a few notable ones:

Gangotri National Park: Located nearby, this national park is home to diverse flora and fauna, including snow leopards, black bears, and a variety of bird species. It is a haven for wildlife enthusiasts and nature lovers.

Gangotri Temple: One of the four Char Dham pilgrimage sites, Gangotri Temple is a revered Hindu shrine dedicated to Goddess Ganga. The temple is situated on the banks of the Bhagirathi River and attracts thousands of pilgrims each year.

Harsil: A quaint village known for its apple orchards and scenic beauty, Harsil offers a peaceful retreat away from the hustle and bustle of city life. It is an excellent spot for those seeking tranquility and a connection with nature.

Dayara Bugyal: This high-altitude meadow is famous for its lush green expanse and is a popular trekking destination. During the winter months, it transforms into a snow-covered wonderland, attracting skiers and adventure enthusiasts.

Tips for Travelers

If you are planning to visit Gartang Gali, here are some tips to make your trip enjoyable and safe:

Physical Preparation: While the trek to Gartang Gali is not extremely strenuous, it does require a moderate level of fitness. Engage in regular physical activity before your trip to ensure you are prepared for the hike.

Acclimatization: Given the high altitude, it is essential to acclimatize properly. Spend a day or two in nearby lower-altitude areas before attempting the trek to avoid altitude sickness.

Travel Permits: Ensure you have all necessary permits and permissions before embarking on your journey. Check with local authorities or tour operators for the latest requirements.

Weather Conditions: The weather in the Himalayas can be unpredictable. Pack appropriate clothing, including warm layers, rain gear, and sturdy hiking boots. It is advisable to check the weather forecast before your trip.

Safety Precautions: Follow all safety guidelines provided by local authorities. The pathway is narrow and can be slippery, so tread carefully. It is also advisable to travel in groups and have a local guide if you are unfamiliar with the region.

Conclusion

Gartang Gali, with its rich history and stunning natural beauty, offers a unique travel experience in Uttarakhand. This ancient India-Tibet route not only provides a thrilling adventure but also a profound connection to the past. As you traverse the wooden planks of Gartang Gali, surrounded by the majestic Himalayas, you are walking in the footsteps of traders who once bridged two great civilizations. Whether you are a history buff, a nature enthusiast, or an adventure seeker, Gartang Gali promises an unforgettable journey through time and nature.

[aggravateddurian]

Maple Mike's Great White North Caravan

Introducing an original caravan for my Fallout fanfic 'Iron Guardians'.

Maple Mike's Great White North Caravan is a caravan company that made it big from selling rare commodities, and formalised the use of Golden Maple brand maple syrup bottle caps as currency in the Great White North wasteland of eastern Canada, formerly the provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and parts of eastern Quebec. The Golden Maple brand of maple syrup was a dominant brand in Canada prior to the US annexation, and the distinctive gold, white and red bottle caps became collector’s items. Much like how Nuka-Cola bottle caps became a form of currency in the American wastelands after the Great War, most of the Atlantic provinces began to use Golden Maple bottle caps.

Maple Mike’s isn’t just a trade caravan, they’re a vital line of communication for disparate settlements, as well as a currency exchange, converting water into bottle caps, and Canadian bottle caps into American bottle caps. Its founder and leader, Michael ‘Maple Mike’ McClellan, worked in the infamous pre-war Canadian Federal Maple Syrup Reserve, and was one of the driving forces of the use of Golden Maple brand syrup bottle caps becoming the go-to currency.

More lore and character profile below the cut.

Maple Mike

“Finest wares from the Great White North. Ever tried pre-war maple syrup, smoothskin?”

Maple Mike, born Michael McClellan, is a Canadian travelling trader and a pre-war ghoul, born in St. Andrews, New Brunswick, on October 3rd, 2038. Mike served in the Canadian Forces when Canada finally had enough of US domination and exploitation and managed to survive post-defeat reprisals by US troops occupying New Brunswick. He instead found employment with the New Brunswick branch of the (in)famous Canadian Federal Maple Syrup Reserve, a job with near-guaranteed job security, because of the benefit of maple syrup (and its economic boost) to the US occupation authorities.  Mike’s luck was stretched to the limit when Canada was subjected to nuclear attack.

While Mike’s family, including his wife, Annaleise, his two children, Sandra and John, perished in the Great War. Mike was somewhat less lucky, being exposed to enough radiation to ghoulify him. Now mutated by the radiation of the wasteland, Mike found himself distrusted, even feared, by the ‘smoothskins’, yet he was indispensable, because Maple Mike, as he would soon become known, had managed to get in on the ground floor. Red Maple brand maple syrup bottle caps had become an unofficial currency of the Great White North wasteland, and with his knowledge of the locations of the Canadian government’s maple syrup reserves, he was able to amass enough wealth to establish himself as a reputable trader, and owner of a trade caravan.

Mike has done business not just in New Brunswick, but in Nova Scotia, Quebec, Maine and even as south as the Capital Wasteland. However, he tends to do his business in the northern part of New England, recognising the comparative lack of centralised authority in the region and enhanced opportunities for trade with the disparate settlements, essentially making himself a vital line of communication for the Commonwealth and northern New England.

C48 light automatic rifle

Image credit: https://www.milsurps.com/showthread.php?t=78363

One of the few weapons Maple Mike will sell are the .308 calibre Canadian battle rifles, prized in the New Hampshire wastes for their reliability and stopping power. While 10, 20 and 30 round magazines were issued, 30 round straight magazines were common. The C48 is an evolution of the C2 automatic rifle, itself a variant of the classic FN FAL battle rifle, and was adopted in 2048. Many of them fell into American hands during the annexation of Canada, and have been found as far south as Panama, and as far west as the Los Angeles Boneyard.

Mike tends to sell the Canadian battle rifles without mods, expecting wastelanders to likely modify their weapons after purchase with God knows what sort of abominations.

The average C48 is sold at Maple Mike's stand in the Nashua Foundry Markets, starting at 1000 caps (or 10 litres of water).

[grison-in-space]

I can't help but be reminded of Kage Baker's Anvil of the World, which involves a hapless caravan master entrusted with a gross of "glass butterflies" that appear very nearly as practical as this:

The man in the mask turned his head, peering through the domed lenses of his fish eyes. The name Smith was an alias, only the latest of many the man had used. He got awkwardly to his feet as he saw his cousin approaching. His cousin’s costume was fine and elaborate, robes of red-gold brocade and a fire efrit mask. No less elaborate was the costume of the lady his cousin had in tow: butterfly wings of green and purple foil and a butterfly mask of the same material. “This, madam, is Smith. My caravan master,” explained his cousin. “A most experienced veteran of transport. A man in whose expert hands you may trust the rarest of commodities.” This was not exactly true. Smith had never led a caravan in his life, but his cousin’s freight and passenger service had lost its former master to a vendetta on the day of Smith’s sudden arrival in Troon, so Smith was learning the business. “How nice to meet you,” said the woman in the mask, and shot out a black and curling tongue. Smith started, but the tongue was merely a feature of the mask, for it was hollow, and she poked it now into a tall glass of punch. “Honor on your house, lady,” Smith murmured. His cousin coughed, and said, “Smith, this is Lady Seven Butterflies of Seven Butterflies Studio. You will be privileged to transport her celebrated creations!” “I’m delighted,” said Smith, bowing. “Rely on me, lady.” But Lady Seven Butterflies had lost interest in him and fluttered off to the punch bowl. His cousin leaned close and grabbed him by the shoulder. They bumped papier-mâché faces as he hissed, “Very important client! Almost ready to sign a contract granting us exclusive transport rights! Used to go with Stone and Son until they broke goods in transit. Vital we catch the ball, cousin!” Smith nodded sagely. “Right. What are we shipping for her?” “One gross of glass butterflies, what else?” said his cousin impatiently, and turned to pursue the lady. Smith sat down again. It was a good thing his new job would require him to be on the open road a lot. He didn’t think people in Troon got enough oxygen.

come to Marshals if u would like to purchase World’s Most Breakable Object

[study-buddies]

Aliko Dangote: A Legacy of Business and Philanthropy

Aliko Dangote, born on April 10, 1957, in Kano, Nigeria, is a renowned Nigerian businessman and philanthropist. He is best known as the founder and CEO of the Dangote Group conglomerate, a diversified enterprise with interests spanning various sectors.

Hailing from the Hausa ethnic group, Dangote was born to Mariya Sanusi Dantata and Mohammed Dangote. His family background in prosperous caravan trading under British colonial rule, particularly through his grandfather Alhaji Sanusi Dantata, played a significant role in shaping his entrepreneurial journey. At a young age, Dangote’s grandfather instilled in him the values of business acumen and enterprise, which laid the foundation for his future endeavors.

After completing his business studies at Al-Azhar University in Cairo in 1977, Dangote returned to Nigeria and embarked on his entrepreneurial path. With a loan from his uncle, he started a commodities trading business, initially focusing on cement. Over time, his business flourished, leading to the establishment of the Dangote Group in 1981.

Under Dangote’s leadership, the Dangote Group expanded rapidly, diversifying its interests to include foodstuffs, cement, haulage, and other sectors. The conglomerate grew to encompass various subsidiaries, including Dangote Industries Ltd., Dangote Cement PLC, and Dangote Sugar Refinery PLC, among others. With operations not only in Nigeria but also in several other African countries, Dangote’s influence extended across the continent.

One of Dangote’s most ambitious projects was the construction of a massive oil refinery in Lagos state, initiated in 2013. The refinery, along with accompanying infrastructure such as a fertilizer plant and a power station, aimed to address Nigeria’s fuel crisis and significantly impact the country’s energy sector. Despite facing delays, the refinery, upon its partial opening in May 2023, promised to revolutionize Nigeria’s energy landscape.

Dangote’s entrepreneurial prowess translated into immense wealth, earning him a place on Forbes magazine’s annual list of billionaires and Africa’s richest individuals. However, his success was not without controversy, as his name surfaced in the Panama Papers in 2016, linking him to offshore shell companies.

Beyond business, Dangote is renowned for his philanthropic endeavors. The Aliko Dangote Foundation, established in 1994 and renamed Aliko Dangote Foundation (ADF) in 2018, has been instrumental in addressing issues such as childhood malnutrition, disease outbreaks, and disaster relief efforts.

In recognition of his contributions to Nigeria’s economic development and philanthropic efforts, Dangote has received numerous awards and honors, including the Grand Commander of the Order of the Niger (GCON) and various international accolades.

Aliko Dangote’s journey epitomizes the fusion of business acumen with humanitarian values, leaving an indelible mark on Nigeria’s economic landscape and the continent at large.

[ciolookindia]

Everything you need to know about cryptocurrencies & blockchain.

There was a time not long ago when the barter system was brought to an end with the advent of gold. With its intrinsic value firmly established, gold became the best and most preferred mode of receipts and payments. It also led to hoarding and became the de facto means to establish one’s net worth. This continued till the time they found all the disadvantages of gold including the liability associated with storage, transport, and ownership.

Remember stories of caravans being robbed midway into the journey with women laden with gold being the prime target? From that came the understanding that one ought to have something that’s as liquid as gold and does away with the headache of storage and logistics. Paper currencies tied to gold standards were the next invention where each paper note/currency guaranteed a certain quantity of gold.

Everything was fine till the time people understood that gold was a limited commodity and made it difficult to keep parity with paper money for all times. This became especially acute in times when economies started to boom, and the governments had to print notes to keep up with the demand for money.

Gold couldn’t keep pace, and in the year 1929 at the end of the Great Depression, the world finally broke free of gold parity and established the system of fiat currency that was printed at the beck and call of individual governments worldwide. Each currency’s value was determined by various factors including GDP growth rates, rates of industrialization, status of industries and infrastructure, intrinsic worth of economies and the likes.

With each country having its own currency, there was felt a need to bring parity to worldwide transactions that to an extent was brought about by the Breton Woods system in 1944 where signatory countries agreed to a complex system of recognizing each-other’s currency via the USD which was tied to gold.

In 1975, the US government being the main player unilaterally pulled out of the system by terminating the USD’s tie-up with gold. Currency ever since are fiat currencies that can be printed as per a country’s needs. These days, exchange worldwide is done through a basket of currencies including USD, Euro, Yen and Yuan. Somewhere, these too depend upon the value of USD to execute a transaction.

All this has resulted in the following:

Wild swings in currency values depending upon demand and supply of currencies. These are known to add to the cost of every transaction. Add to that, transfer and ownership charges including banking brokerage changes, swift charges, and the likes. All these while adding to the costs, do precious little to the value of a transaction with currency exchanging known to take days (if not more) to fructify.

2. Transactions being at the mercy of every government. With notes being printed by governments, every transaction must go thru government agencies that only add to the costs and delays, and nothing to its value.

Slow pace of transactions. Try transferring money from the US to India or vice-versa. It takes days, and at the end what you get is of lesser value than what was intended due to varied charges levied by the intermediaries.

Currency speculation! Fiat currencies worldwide have given birth to a de-facto industry whose worth is higher than the trade in goods and services. Currency speculation! Does it add to the value of anything at any stage? Never. It enriches only banking intermediaries while being of little use to countries worldwide. In fact, they can sometime add to the costs of transactions and make them unviable.

Using banks for monetary transactions within or outside the country thus doesn’t add to the value of the transaction per-se. On the other hand, it does add (and sometimes substantially) to the cost of transactions. Using cryptos would on the other hand bring down the cost of transactions besides simplifying things.

No one knows how much gold there is below the ground. Any new find will mean lowering of its price. The same isn’t the case with bitcoins which has a fixed quantity of 21 million of which 17.3 million have already been mined. Mining and all the attendant activities including software designed to calculate the algorithms shall cease to function the day the 21 million mark is reached. There-hence shall take place only exchange of bitcoins either singly or in fractions which go as far as eight decimal places (0.00000000). Bitcoins thus can’t be benchmarked against anything other than its own value which shall be a factor of its demand and supply. Transaction time, cost, and issues to do with exchange rates & flows will be a thing of the past.

Read More: https://ciolookindia.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about-cryptocurrencies-blockchain/

Source: https://ciolookindia.com

[healthm]

Tracing the Silk Threads: Sikkim's Ancient Trade Routes

Nestled in the Himalayas, Sikkim's stunning landscapes and rich culture have attracted travelers for centuries. Beyond its natural beauty, the state boasts a fascinating history of ancient trade routes that crisscrossed its rugged terrain. In this article, we embark on a historical journey to explore the ancient trade routes that once connected Sikkim with neighboring regions and distant lands. Explore the adventureous place of Darjeeling, check our taxi service in Darjeeling.  

1. The Silk Route:

Sikkim's strategic location on the southern Silk Route made it a crucial trade center. The Silk Route connected Tibet, China, India, and beyond, facilitating the exchange of goods, culture, and ideas. Sikkim served as a vital link in this intricate network.

2. The Salt Route:

Sikkim's proximity to Tibet made it a significant point along the ancient Salt Route. Salt, a precious commodity, was transported from Tibet to the plains of India. This trade route played a pivotal role in shaping the region's economy and culture.

3. The Tea and Spices Trade:

Sikkim's lush landscapes were not just admired for their beauty but also for their bounty. Tea and spices, including cardamom, ginger, and turmeric, were cultivated in abundance and traded along these routes.

4. Cultural Exchange:

Trade routes were not just about commerce; they were also conduits for cultural exchange. Sikkim's interactions with Tibet, Bhutan, Nepal, and other regions enriched its cultural tapestry, leading to the adoption of customs, languages, and traditions.

5. The Nathu La Pass:

Nathu La Pass, a high mountain pass, was a critical point along the Silk Route. It served as a gateway for traders and pilgrims traveling between Tibet and India. Today, it remains an important border crossing point.

6. Caravans and Yak Trains:

Goods were transported by caravans and yak trains along these ancient routes. These hardy animals were well-suited for the rugged terrain and harsh weather conditions.

7. Decline and Revival:

With the advent of modern transportation, many of these ancient trade routes lost their significance. However, in recent years, there has been a revival of interest in these routes as they hold cultural and historical importance.

8. The Sikkim-Tibet Trade Mart:

The Sikkim-Tibet Trade Mart, held at Nathu La Pass, is a modern-day tribute to the historical trade routes. It allows traders from both sides to exchange goods, reviving a tradition that was interrupted for many years.

9. The Trans-Himalayan Corridor:

Sikkim's potential as a trade corridor between India and East Asia is being explored once again. The state's geographical location and historical connections make it a promising hub for trans-Himalayan trade.

10. Preserving the Legacy:

Efforts are underway to preserve and document the history of Sikkim's ancient trade routes. Museums, cultural centers, and heritage walks help educate visitors and locals about this vital aspect of the state's history.

Conclusion

Sikkim's ancient trade routes are not just historical relics; they are a testament to the region's role in connecting diverse cultures and economies. As Sikkim continues to evolve, it looks back to its historical roots, acknowledging the significance of these trade routes in shaping its culture, economy, and identity. These ancient pathways, once traveled by caravans and traders, are now embraced by travelers seeking to explore the history and heritage of this Himalayan gem.

[thxnews]

Cebu Governor Unveils Kadiwa ng Pangulo Project

  Bringing Cheaper Food and Non-Food Commodities to Cebu Residents

In an effort to provide Cebu residents with access to more affordable commodities, Governor Gwendolyn Garcia announced the launch of the Kadiwa ng Pangulo project. The initiative aims to synchronize with the ongoing "Serbisyo Caravan" and two existing local anti-poverty projects, "Sugbo Negosyo," and "Sugbusug," in selected towns across each district.   Collaboration with National Food Authority to Make Rice Affordable Governor Garcia revealed that the province is collaborating with the National Food Authority in the upcoming Serbisyo Caravan to fulfill President Ferdinand R. Marcos Jr.'s campaign promise of making rice prices more affordable for the less privileged. With this move, the Kadiwa project seeks to bring cheaper food and non-food commodities, even to remote areas, benefiting the people of Cebu.  

Successful Kadiwa Festival Showcasing Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)

Following the Cebu version of the nationwide Kadiwa ng Pangulo launch, 35 micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) participated in the three-day Kadiwa Festival at the Robinsons Galleria. The event provided a platform for start-up businesses to showcase their agricultural and non-agricultural products, and the MSMEs expressed their gratitude to the national government for this opportunity.   A Synchronized Approach for Enhanced Impact Governor Garcia emphasized the need for a synchronized approach among the regional offices of the Department of Agriculture (DA) and the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) through the Serbisyo Caravan. By organizing women in Cebu for livelihood and selling more affordable rice throughout the province, the initiative aims to improve the livelihood and income of participating MSMEs.  

Kadiwa Pop-up Stores for Diverse Agriculture-based Products

Apart from offering affordable rice, the Kadiwa ng Pangulo project enables the sale of processed agriculture-based food and non-food items. This platform serves as an avenue for farmers and MSMEs to introduce new products and sustain their marketing strategies, further enhancing their livelihood opportunities.   Beyond Food Security - Uplifting MSMEs Governor Garcia reiterated that the Kadiwa ng Pangulo project goes beyond ensuring food security in Cebu. It holds the potential to uplift the lives and income of the MSMEs actively participating in the program, boosting economic growth and stability in the province.   Sources: THX News & Philippine News Agency. Read the full article