#blood diseases

[saunne]

WIP - It's Vampire Time (2)

(randoms blood facts I searched and found for worldbuilding purpose)

There is a lot of blood disorders, cancerous and non-cancerous. It can concern red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Anemias, which can be acquired or inherited, are the most common blood disorders affecting the red blood cells. Blood-clotting and bleeding disorders are two ends of a spectrum and mainly concern platelets and clotting factors. For white blood cells, it's mostly proliferative disorders (too many) and leukopenias (not enough).

There are actually 40 blood group classification groups, the best known being ABO, Rhesus and Kell. Some are based on antigens, others on specific proteins and glycoproteins, some on membranes...

In France, a blood group is considered rare if fewer than 4 people out of 1000 have it and there are no other compatible blood groups for transfusing these patients. There are around 250 rare groups identified, which would affect around 700,000 people.

There is a blood group, hh also known as "Bombay" which affects one person in 1 million in Europe and whose only compatible blood is Bombay group blood. "Bombay" groups appear in testing as group O people, but receiving O blood can cause them to have acute hemolytic crises.

The body contains 4 to 5 liters of blood. Blood loss is considered serious from a third of the total volume of blood, i.e. between 1.3 and 1.6 liters. It can be fatal from half of the total volume (death by exsanguination).

The volume of blood collected per donation is between 400 ml and 500 ml. It is less than or equal to 13% of the blood volume estimated from the weight and height of the donor.

The blood in the arteries, except the pulmonary arteries, is oxygen-rich blood. The blood in the veins, on the other hand, is blood poor in oxygen. The arteries leave the heart while the veins go there, which causes the flow to be at a higher pressure in the arteries, which are therefore wider than the veins. A wound affecting the arteries is more likely to be quickly fatal given the blood flow.

To feed by biting, the most accessible blood vessels are :

external carotid artery (neck)

jugular veins (neck)

brachial artery (arm)

ulnar artery (arm)

radial artery (arm)

cephalic vein (arm)

cubital median vein (arm)

basilic vein (arm)

femoral artery (leg)

great saphenous vein (leg)

little saphenous vein (leg)

Blood in itself has little nutritional value. It is 98% water, and although it has proteins, lipids and minerals, they are present in very small quantities.

Normal human red blood cells have an average life span of about 120 days in the circulation, i.e around 4 months.

[medicaregate]

Aplastic Anemia | Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatments

Aplastic anemia (AA) is the syndrome of chronic primary hematopoietic failure caused by injury, which results in decreased or absent hematopoietic precursors in the bone marrow and accompanying pancytopenia.

Aplastic anemia is classified as either moderate, severe (SAA), or very severe (vSAA).

Three primary mechanisms can result in the development of AA: –

1. Direct injury.

2. Immune-mediated.

3. Inherited or acquired bone marrow failure.

Usually, AA is idiopathic, however, it can be attributable to: –

- Radiation.

- Toxic chemicals (like Benzene, solvents, and glue vapors).

- Cytotoxic drugs (chloramphenicol, gold).

- Immune-related disorders (Eosinophilic fasciitis, SLE, Graft versus host disease).

- Thymoma.

- Viral infections (Epstein-Virus Infection, Parvovirus B19, Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and Hepatitis virus).

- Anorexia nervosa and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH).

Patients typically present with non-specific symptoms caused by associated cytopenia, such as: –

- Low energy levels, pallor, and headaches with anemia.

- Mucosal bleeding.

- Bruising/petechiae.

- Menorrhagia with thrombocytopenia.

- Fever with or without evidence of infection with neutropenia.

The most common complications of aplastic anemia are bleeding, infections, and transformation to lymphoproliferative disorders.

Aplastic anemia has the following diagnostic criteria: –

The presence of bone marrow hypocellularity and two or more cytopenias (reticulopodia less than 1% or less than 40,000/microliter, neutropenia less than 500/microliter, or thrombocytopenia less than 20,000/microliter).

The bone marrow cellularity in moderate disease is less than 30%.

The severe disease has less than 25% cellularity or less than 50% cellularity with fewer than 30% hematopoietic cells.

Very severe meets the severe criteria in addition to neutropenia less than 200/µL.

Aplastic anemia treatment focuses on the underlying cause.

If possible, remove the offending agent(s).

Treatment is dependent on the patient’s age, disease severity, donor availability, and performance status when there is no distinctive reversible cause.

Young patients (less than 50 years old) with severe disease who are in good health should receive an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT) before starting immunosuppressive therapy.

Older patients (50 years and older) in good health, as well as young patients without an HCT donor, are given full-dose immunosuppressive therapy using: –

- Eltrombopag.

- Horse/rabbit anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG).

- Cyclosporine A.

- Prednisone.

Read more at: https://medicaregate.com/aplastic-anemia-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatments/

[twinliches]

cannot stop thinking about the french man who during dinner responded to a person asking "should we be naughty and get desert" by pulling a face and going "naughty? it is chocolate, it is not an, uh, threesome"

[drkarunakumar]

Low Platelet Count: When Should You Worry?

If you notice prolonged bleeding from cuts, easy bruising, red or purple skin spots, bleeding gums, nosebleeds, or blood in urine or stool, you might have thrombocytopenia—a low platelet count. Learn about its causes, diagnosis, and when it's critical. Discover tips to boost your platelet count. By the end, you'll understand thrombocytopenia and when to seek medical help for a low platelet count.

When your platelet count is low, your blood's ability to clot is reduced. This makes even small injuries or internal bleeding more likely to cause prolonged or difficult-to-stop bleeding. Symptoms of a low platelet count can include excessive bruising, prolonged bleeding from cuts or wounds, nosebleeds, blood in urine or stools, and, in severe cases, spontaneous bleeding from the gums or internal organs.

Common causes of low platelet count, or thrombocytopenia, include:

1. Bone marrow disorders

2. Autoimmune disorders

3. Medications

4. Viral infections

5. Vitamin deficiencies

It's crucial to note that while these factors can lead to low platelet count, the severity and danger of thrombocytopenia depend on various factors, including the underlying cause and the individual's overall health.

A low platelet count becomes dangerous when it leads to a significantly increased risk of excessive bleeding or when it indicates an underlying condition that requires immediate medical attention. Symptoms such as prolonged bleeding from minor cuts, unexplained bruising, nosebleeds, blood in urine or stools, or spontaneous bleeding from the gums or elsewhere can indicate a dangerous low platelet count. If you experience any of these symptoms, it's essential to seek medical attention promptly.

To find out treatment and the normal count of platelets please visit: https://www.drkarunhematology.com/blog/when-is-low-platelet-count-dangerous/

Dr KK Hematology Clinic

No 3-9-242, 81, Siva Arun Colony, West Marredpally, Secunderabad, Telangana 500026

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/DrKKCompleteHematologyCare

Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC6icFvbjZt24SuRXoS-uwqw/featured

LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/dr-k-karuna-kumar-4b20b8192/

Contact us: https://www.drkarunhematology.com/contact.html#

[munaeem]

Inflammation levels in the blood.Why do doctor measure it? What parameters are measured? When should inflammation levels be measured?

Inflammation Levels in the Blood: Why Do Doctors Measure Them? Inflammation is a natural response of the immune system to protect the body from harmful stimuli such as infections and injuries. However, when inflammation becomes chronic or excessive, it can contribute to the development of various health conditions, including arthritis, heart disease, and even certain types of cancer. To better…

[medicalroute]

How to begin to apply to receive treatment for you health issue with us?

Our guide services begin from geting information about personal information for the applicant. Then we most get knowledge about the disease history and current symptoms. As well as, should the patient or the responsible for the patient legally to send to us the medical files that clearly understood by email. We will open the files and study them cooperating with doctors and in the final take the decision about accept the patient in our hospital and send the invitation. Before the applicant arrive to the hospital all the appointments will organise to the patient. When they arrive to the hospital and the process began, they will take support with sufficient assistance and translators who will assist them in the all matters in the hospital. To contact with us to get more information click

[vellichorom]

you sick little animal, even death itself pities you.

[mintybagels]

finally got some time to make somethin :3

[blueey-jayzilla]

[snoozedraws]

opens my trench coat to reveal this wretched little gnome

[teenagenutant]

a fic that has made me laugh and has very, very much made me cry just updated... so i drew about it! power up by @pickledcarrotsandradish!! wahoo!!!

[medicaregate]

Sickle Cell Anemia | Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatments

Sickle cell anemia is an inherited condition of the globin chains that leads to hemolysis and chronic organ damage.

It is a chronic blood condition characterized by abnormally rigid and sickle-shaped red blood cells.

Hemolysis and Vaso-occlusive crises are the two primary characteristics of sickle cell anemia (VOC).

The gene defect is caused by a known mutation of a single nucleotide (A to T) of the p-globin gene, resulting in glutamate being replaced by valine at position 6.

Sickle cell anemia manifests as severe hemolytic anemia that is periodically interrupted by crises.

The most common type of crisis is a Vaso-occlusive crisis.

Their etiology is usually attributed to low oxygen tension as in high altitude, water loss, and infection.

Vaso-occlusion causes intense pain, particularly in the bones (hips, shoulders, and vertebrae).

Infarcts of the small bones cause painful dactylitis (hand-foot syndrome).

The complete blood count in HbSS reveals hemoglobin levels in the range of 6-8 g/dL, with reticulocytosis (due to compensatory bone marrow hyperplasia).

A blood film may show sickle-shaped cells and hyposplenism characteristics (target cells and Howell-Jolly bodies).

Confirmation of the diagnosis is accomplished using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

When compared to normal adults, sickle cell disease has a lower overall life expectancy (perhaps by 20 to 30 years), but advances in therapy are extending survival.

Voxelotor and crizanlizumab are two newer medications that were approved in 2019, also the increased use of hematopoietic stem cell transplants, and research into novel methods like gene therapy all point to an improvement in quality of life and survival rates.

Treatment aims is to prevent RBC sickling, dehydration, hypoxia, and acidosis, all of which can induce sickling.

The typical approach to managing a crisis is supportive unless a blood transfusion is necessary.

For the management of severe pain attacks, it is frequently necessary to administer subcutaneous morphine or another strong opiate.

Children born with sickle cell disease will be given folic acid (1 mg dose) every day for the rest of their lives.

Patients must also take penicillin every day from birth until age five due to their susceptibility to pneumococcal infection.

Sickle cell disease has a great chance of being cured with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (bone marrow transplantation).

Read more at: https://medicaregate.com/sickle-cell-anemia-causes-symptoms-diagnosis-and-treatments/

[cricket124]

LADY GAGA DISEASE 🖤🚗⛓🧥🩸

[noctxj]

hanahaki disease “… in which the victim coughs up flower petals when they suffer from one-sided love. It ends when the beloved returns their feelings, or when the victim dies…”

part i / part ii / part iii / part iv

˚. ✦.˳·˖✶ ⋆.✧̣̇˚. ˚. ✦.˳·˖✶ ⋆.✧̣̇˚. ˚. ✦.˳·˖✶ ⋆.✧̣̇˚. ˚. ✦.˳·˖✶ ⋆.✧̣̇˚.

agent who slowly withdraws from poly!tf141 after the first episode of bloodied flowers (realising they’re in love), from declining offers to relax in the rec room, accompany them to the local pub, or even working out in the gym to sparring.

agent knows that they’re not being subtle, see’s the guys try and figure what is going on with them. but agent refuses to let them find out—never.

agent who finally manages (after ensuring they wouldn’t hack up another flower) to file a notice, a formality really, to john— captain price, for their absence in the oncoming month or two. as there are no current operations needing agents’ immediate attention, its an opportunity for agent to get their other affairs in order after months being on base with the taskforce. 

john— captain price, briefly glancing at the document before focusing his ocean blue eyes to search agents (tired) face, a frown creasing between his full brows.

pleasedontlookatme—

whatdoyousee—?

the captain getting up from his seat to circle around his desk to stand before agent, his scrutinising gaze trying to catch agents downcast eyes.

pleasejohndont—

“this wouldn’t be about you pulling away from us recently hm?”

bullseye— 

agent could feel a thorn piercing the walls of her throat, their jaw tightening in response. a reaction john notices, his face softening as he reaches out to tip agents chin back to finally see his now gentle imploring eyes.

soblue—

“just don’t forget to come back to us, okay little love?”

little love. a pet name that simon (proudly) started to refer to agent amongst the taskforce (and no one else, lest they meet ghost in the middle of the night) while the others also followed suit—

“or would you rather shorty? or tiny even?” simon had smugly responded after seeing agents offended (blushing) face.

ugh that big oaf of a man, not everyone needs to be the size of an industrial fridge—!!

johnny and kyle chortling in the background, seemingly forgetting they’re suppose to be supervising the recruits’ training.

the pinch of another thorn dragging up their throat throwing agent back into the present.

“of course, captain.”

lies.lies.lies.

⋆.✧̣̇˚.

agent whose kept a mental list of contacts who owe them favours, a debt that is finally being repaid: to find a cure for hanahaki disease. from the highest level of power and prestige in society, to the lowest trenches of the underworld. over the course of a few weeks, one by one, each contact falls short of delivering. but agent keeps digging. keeps searching.

there is never nothing. there has to be something somewhere. someone must have at least thought— until finally a contact (old friend) provides them with a lead. 

a doctor whose dedicated their life in medical research of hanahaki disease, searching for a cure— whispers that there is a cure. they’re located halfway across the world. but that doesn’t matter to agent, they’re leaving within an hour; flight booked and travel bag already packed.

washing the remnants of blood down the sink drain, tears wet on their cheeks. the episodes were happening more frequently.

agent is running out of time.

⋆.✧̣̇˚.

“… it can be cured through surgical removal, but when the infection is removed, the victim's romantic feelings for their love also disappear…”

agent feels drained as the doctors words echo in their mind even hours after agents abrupt appearance in the doctors office. one look into agents (desperate) eyes and the doctor already knew why they had come, offered tea to soothe their throat (wash the metallic taste away, even if temporarily).

agent immediately coughing out both the tea, then one bloodied rose— then two— three— and finally four, as agent reaches to rip the tangled thorns from the back of their throat, ignoring the screaming pain of thorns dragging out of their mouth and past their stinging pale lips. 

the doctors face stricken with worry and sadness, trying to wipe the blood from agents face and hands; disposing of the thorny flowers in a sterile bin. the doctor concluding that agent does not have much time to deliberate if they wish to proceed with the experimental procedure. an incredibly invasive surgery that may not completely cure the victim; follow up surgery’s may be required. 

being split open from larynx to diaphragm, sown back together, only to be split open again if a single flower is coughed back up.

agent acknowledges this. pain is pain after all—

whats more to add to the pile?

˚. ✦.˳·˖✶ ⋆.✧̣̇˚. ˚. ✦.˳·˖✶ ⋆.✧̣̇˚. ˚. ✦.˳·˖✶ ⋆.✧̣̇˚. ˚. ✦.˳·˖✶ ⋆.✧̣̇˚.

tric’s notes

added some dialogue in this part compared to the first part. unedited, also like the first part. i know nothing about the complexities of surgery (google images my saviour) so don’t try to make sense of it haha.

thanks for reading!! ♡︎♡︎

crossposted on ao3 (same username!)

[munaeem]

How does hemophilia develop?

Hemophilia A or B: Hemophilia is a group of genetic disorders that prevent blood from clotting normally. There are two main types: Hemophilia A and Hemophilia B. Hemophilia A is the most common form, caused by a deficiency or absence of clotting factor VIII. Hemophilia B, also known as Christmas disease, is caused by a deficiency or absence of clotting factor IX. Causes of Hemophilia: Hemophilia…

[lampp0start]

Finally! Some more art for my Rabies au! I still desperately need to design non-rabid Sonic.

Here are the rabid werehog boyos! Encounter one of these alone in the woods and consider yourself a goner!

Shadow chaining himself to the bed at night so when he werehogs out he doesn't go around killing people. He's probably in the basement of an abandoned house he is hiding in. This is either right before or right after Sonic has died. Bonus: He's pregnant.

Shadow before the incident where he is bit! I plan to do a comic showing the whole ordeal on how he got the werehog rabies. It's going to be a long time til I get the courage to though.

This is the original rabid werehog sketch I did for this au a couple months ago, it's somewhat outdated.

Fun facts:

Tails dies, Sonic kills him

Sonic dies, Shadow kills him

Shadow gives birth to sonadow baby and it lives

Shadow dies, kills himself

Silver adopts the baby