#blés

[myelicia]

Haus auf dem Berg by Christine Ellger

[les-larmes-d-eros]

Lena muse, par Victor Olivier (Soulfulnude)

[clove-pinks]

Un nid dans les blés (a nest in the wheat) by Paul Gavarni c. 1837 (Yale University)

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The Dome of the Halle au Blé — Ironwork in Paris in the 19th Century

The Halle au Blé under demolition in 1887

The Halle au Blé was transformed into the Bourse de Commerce — Pinault Collection. Though most of the original building was changed, the iron dome designed in 1807 was kept in tact.

The iron dome of the Halle au Blé (which housed the grain exchange of Paris during the 18th and 19th century), was the largest iron structure in the world at the time of its construction between 1807 and 1813.

The original dome of the Halle au Blé was made of wood and burned down in a fire in 1802.

The replacement dome, upgraded to cast iron, was designed by François Bélanger. The design was sent to a committee headed by Becquay-Beaupré, and was approved by Napoleon in 1807.

Bélanger's elegant and audacious design was submitted to Crétet, who consulted with Napoleon. The emperor approved the project in a decree of September 4, 1807. Napoleon was interested enough in the project to visit the site during construction, and he personally dedicated the dome. Actual construction began in 1809 with cast iron produced at Le Creusot, but the dome was not ultimately completed until 1813, having cost 700,000 francs, seven times more than the original estimate.

Bélanger’s iron dome is important because it was the largest iron structure of its day, and it was several decades before another of such magnitude was constructed. The elegant and slender ribs of the dome seen from 40 meters below create an illusion of lightness far surpassing that which is possible with other traditional framing materials.

The novelty of the use of iron and the thinner dimensions made the Halle au Blé a notable attraction in Napoleon’s day and throughout the 19th century. Pierre Fontaine, whom Napoleon had named First Architect and who had argued with the emperor regarding the Vendôme Column, the Temple of Glory, the Pantheon, the Pont des Arts, the Pont des Invalides, and the Pont d'lena, found the dome to be much more satisfying in its use of iron than these other structures.

“This work,” he wrote, “is one of the most remarkable which has been erected under the present regime.” In fact, many of the Parisian guidebooks of the last century give ample treatment to its description, since the dome was considered to be one of the significant landmarks of the capital.

Conversion to the Bourse de Commerce:

The engineer Cosmo Canovetti was charged in 1887 with the reconstruction of the Halle au Blé and its conversion into the Bourse de Commerce. In order to determine whether to retain or reconstruct the dome, Canovetti examined it for any deterioration. He calculated the bending moments by means of funicular polygons, a process unknown to Bélanger, in order to determine whether the additional weight of a roof covering over part of the dome would create any structural problems. Canovetti found the structure adequate, and he observed that Bélanger had understood well the appropriate ratio of diminution to give the ribs from their spring points on the masonry wall to their apex at the compression ring which forms the lantern base.

Source:

Building with Iron: A Napoleonic Controversy, Frances H. Steiner, Technology and Culture, Volume 22, Number 4, October 1981, pp. 700-724 (Article), Published by Johns Hopkins University Press

[basims]

Assasin's Creed: Unity | Halle aux Blés 1/?

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[jeanfrancoisrey]

Coquelicots, marguerites dans un champ de blé…

[damez1979]

Assassin's Creed Unity - Destroying Lafrenière's Gunpowder | La Halle aux Blés Mission Walkthrough

[brilag]

Dans chaque grain de blé se cache une étoile (Arthur Machen) par brigitte lagravaire Via Flickr : 2017-07-04-Goulens (9)

[fidjiefidjie]

Bon Matin 💙 🆕️🌾💙

Gaétan Nonchalant et Philippe Katerine 🎶 Champs de Blés

(Changement de programme)

[steph-photographie]

Du blé, des coquelicots, la naissance du printemps !

[spottys-rathole]

"On a fait un truc de couple une fois ça a pas marché du tout, je sais plus on est parti en voyage dans un pays... Zlan, et ça a été une catastrophe, mon pote"

Queue le fandom qui découvre qu'il existe un village en Autriche qui s'appelle Zlan

[ireneead]

I watched Frozen Empire yesterday. It was an OK movie, but then again, my expectations were really low.

I loved some things about it and hated others.

Seeing the ogs again was wonderful (I actually thought they would have an even smaller part in this one!) , and Janine joining them was the cherry on top!

They really pulled at your nostalgic heartstrings! Lots of references to the original films!

But... I didn't care for the new characters and I especially disliked that ghost girl... too annoying for my taste!

Trevor was absurdly underused again, which is terrible because he has SO MUCH potential (I like Finn Wolfhard as an actor!)!

And the worst thing... what the fuck have they done to Phoebe? She acted stupid in this one! She went from being basically the smartest one in Afterlife to the stupidest one in FE! Not to mention her personality! She was so annoying! I kinda feel bad for McKenna Grace, she's a great actress too! But her character... 🤦🏼‍♀️🤦🏼‍♀️🤦🏼‍♀️

My favourite character in the movie? Obviously... Ray Stantz, of course! The movie had another 'vibe', so to speak, whenever he or Winston was on... it shone!

But yeah, I still prefer Afterlife... it's a much, much better film.

And yeah, I still missed Harold/Egon. Very much so.

[transparentgentlemenmarker]

Surprenant cette moissonneuse

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