#biotransformation

[mechanaonmeta]

Rebirth that transcends

Nausea. Head spins. I'm reborn.

I sense that there is a new world around me, full of Light and Love. The affection that pervades me is such as to move me. I left and abandoned everything I carried with me from my previous life and now I'm lost in this new world to discover, and little by little I regain consciousness and awareness. I died in Egypt with my arms crossed on my chest, a gesture that for me symbolically indicates a self-embrace. I understood that the latter represents the love that each of us must allow ourselves to become responsible for our own death and rebirth. It takes a burden off us and empowers us to become absolutely independent of what we receive from the outside world. Thanks to this liberation we can abandon our position of need and personify a new being of Light who walks his way on a path that is also luminous. Only when we are filled with Love can we perceive how much there really is in the world around us. The first change always starts from us, let's let ourselves go to the structure and abandon our sense of guilt.

[sakuraswordly]

This protective ability of the liver stems from the expression of a wide variety of xenobiotic biotransforming enzymes whose common underlying feature is their ability to catalyse the oxidation, reduction and hydrolysis (Phase I) and/or conjugation (Phase II) of functional groups on drug and chemical molecules.

[cybercity-sunrise]

1.25.2024

Hello friends :) The new semester is underway, and off to a good start so far. For classes, I'm taking Biotransformations, Soil and Groundwater Remediation, Carbon Storage, and the environmental engineering seminar. I've also been in the lab a lot more, and am almost ready to begin my first major experiments here. It's nice to feel like I am settling into my program and new city; both have been bringing me a lot of happiness lately. Wishing everyone a fulfilling 2024!

[cbirt]

Enzymes that have been specially engineered can improve the application of biocatalysts in industrial biotransformations and help address the biotechnological problems of the twenty-first century. The rotamer inverted fragment finder–diffusion (Riff-Diff) approach, which scaffolds catalytic arrays in de novo protein backbones with customized substrate pockets, is a hybrid machine learning and atomistic modeling technique presented by researchers. Researchers utilized Riff-Diff to build a catalytic tetrad that can effectively catalyze the retro-aldol process. High fold variety is shown in functional designs, which have substrate pockets resembling those of natural enzymes. A few of the resulting de novo enzymes exhibit activity comparable to those that have been refined by in vitro evolution. The design approach can theoretically be used with any combination of catalytically capable amino acids. These discoveries clarify basic concepts of enzyme catalysis and open the door to addressing issues related to the de novo protein catalysts’ practicability in industrial processes.

Chemists use high-throughput screening as a vital method to find naturally occurring enzymes that exhibit the appropriate activity during chemical transformations. However, locating these enzymes calls for a lot of resources and screening power. Biocatalysts for diverse purposes have been developed through protein design; nevertheless, the significance of low initial catalytic rates has been overlooked. 

Directed evolution and high-throughput screening make up for this in the current paradigm. This method, however, is not appropriate for developing new, effective catalysts for chemical reactions that cannot be accessed by high-throughput screening. By addressing methodological flaws in functional design and enzymatic activity prediction, researchers can improve efficiency and expand the knowledge of the fundamentals of enzyme catalysis.

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[expertacademicassignmenthelp]

The Physiology Of The Liver

The liver is a vital organ responsible for numerous functions including metabolism, immunity, digestion, detoxification, and vitamin storage. It weighs around 2% of an adult’s body weight and is unique due to its dual blood supply from the portal vein (75%) and the hepatic artery (25%).

Cellular Structure

The liver’s functional unit is the lobule, which is hexagonal in shape. Each corner of the hexagon has a portal triad consisting of the portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct. The lobule is composed mainly of hepatocytes, which have distinct apical and basolateral membranes. Hepatocytes are categorized into three zones based on their function and blood supply:

Zone I (periportal region): Closest to the blood supply, involved in oxidative metabolism (e.g., gluconeogenesis, bile formation).

Zone II (pericentral region): Sits between Zones I and III.

Zone III: Farthest from the blood supply, primarily involved in detoxification and biotransformation.

Blood and bile flow in opposite directions within the liver. The space of Disse, between the hepatocytes and the sinusoidal lumen, contains Kupffer cells (macrophages) and Ito cells (fat-storing stellate cells).

Development

The liver develops from endodermal cells of the foregut as the hepatic diverticulum around the fourth week of embryonic development. It undergoes complex differentiation influenced by various pathways (e.g., Wnt/β-catenin, FGF). By the sixth week, the liver participates in hematopoiesis, and hepatocytes begin bile production by the 12th week.

Organ Systems and Functions

The liver interacts with multiple body systems:

Digestive and Metabolic Roles: Aids in digestion, stores fat-soluble vitamins, and handles cholesterol.

Hematological Functions: Produces clotting factors and proteins.

Detoxification: Metabolizes drugs and other xenobiotics through phase I (oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis) and phase II (conjugation) reactions.

Bilirubin Metabolism: Converts heme to unconjugated bilirubin, then conjugates it for excretion.

Hormonal and Protein Synthesis: Involved in thyroid hormone activation and synthesis of nearly all plasma proteins.

Related Testing

Liver function tests (LFTs), including ALT, AST, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), help assess liver health. Imaging techniques like ultrasound, CT, and MRI are also employed to identify liver abnormalities.

Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis results from chronic liver injury (e.g., due to alcoholism, hepatitis B and C), leading to fibrosis and necrosis. It causes symptoms like portal hypertension, coagulopathy, and jaundice. Hepatitis viruses (A, B, C, D, E), autoimmune diseases (e.g., primary biliary cholangitis), and metabolic conditions (e.g., non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) also contribute to liver pathology.

Clinical Significance

Understanding liver physiology helps manage conditions like viral hepatitis, alcoholic liver disease, benign liver lesions, and liver cancers. Early detection through appropriate testing and management strategies is essential for preventing end-stage liver disease and improving patient outcomes

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[jobrxiv]

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[healthlineonline]

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[tsmom1219]

enviPath: The environmental contaminant biotransformation pathway resource

enviPath is a database and prediction system for the microbial biotransformation of organic environmental contaminants. The database provides the possibility to store and view experimentally observed biotransformation pathways. The pathway prediction system provides different relative reasoning models to predict likely biotransformation pathways and products. The enviPath platform provides a…

[tiancifertilizermachine]

The country advocates the increase of organic fertilizer, the vice minister of agriculture put forward organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer together with the use is the most scientific way of fertilization at present! So what is the difference between organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer? What are the benefits of the two collocation?

One,What are organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers

1, organic fertilizer mainly comes from plants and/or animals, applied to the soil to provide plant nutrition as its main function of carbon-containing materials. The Production process of this kind of Fertilizer usually involves the Organic Fertilizer Production Line, which can ensure the quality and effect of organic fertilizer.

2, chemical fertilizer is through chemical research and manufacture of fertilizer, with chemical and/or physical methods made of containing one or several kinds of crop growth needs nutrient elements of fertilizer.

Two, the environment is different

1, organic fertilizer is the use of biological excreta or remains to act as fertilizer, organic matter in organic fertilizer is decomposed by microorganisms, the remaining inorganic salts into the soil is absorbed by plants, because organic fertilizer and the environment has a good compatibility, will not cause pollution to the environment.

2, chemical fertilizer is the high purity of inorganic salts buried in the soil, these salts dissolved into the soil after the absorption of plants, because the concentration of inorganic salts is large, it is easy to cause soil acid-base balance is destroyed, harm the environment.

Three, the seven differences between organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer:

(1) Organic fertilizer contains a large amount of organic matter and has obvious effects on soil improvement and fertilization; Chemical fertilizer can only provide inorganic nutrients for crops, long-term application will cause adverse effects on the soil, so that the soil "more and more greedy".

2) Organic fertilizer contains a variety of nutrients, the nutrients contained in a comprehensive balance; However, the nutrients contained in chemical fertilizer are single, and long-term application is easy to cause nutrient imbalance in soil and food.

(3) Organic fertilizer has low nutrient content and needs to be applied in large quantities; However, chemical fertilizers have high nutrient content and low application rate.

(4) Long effective time of organic fertilizer; The fertilizing period of chemical fertilizers is short and fierce, which is easy to cause nutrient loss and pollute the environment.

(5) Organic fertilizer comes from nature, there is no chemical synthesis in fertilizer, long-term application can improve the quality of agricultural products; Chemical fertilizer is a pure chemical synthetic substance, improper application can reduce the quality of agricultural products.

(6) In the production and processing process of organic fertilizer, as long as it is fully decomposed, it can improve the drought resistance, disease resistance and insect resistance of crops after application, and reduce the use of pesticides; Long-term application of chemical fertilizer, because it reduces the immunity of plants, often requires a large number of chemical pesticides to maintain crop growth, which is easy to cause the increase of harmful substances in food.

(7) Organic fertilizer contains a large number of beneficial microorganisms, which can promote the biotransformation process in the soil and is conducive to the continuous improvement of soil fertility; Long-term and extensive application of chemical fertilizers can inhibit the activities of soil microorganisms, resulting in a decline in the ability of soil autoregulation.

Four, organic fertilizer with chemical fertilizer six benefits

1, short to take long, fertilizing soil. The nutrient of chemical fertilizer is single, high content, fast fertilizer effect, but short duration; Organic fertilizer has complete nutrients and long fertilizer effect, which can improve soil and fertilize soil fertility. The two can be used in combination, which can be replaced by short and long, fully supply the nutrients needed for crop growth, promote the healthy growth of crops, and improve the yield benefit. 2. Preserve nutrients and reduce loss. Chemical fertilizer dissolves quickly and has large solubility. After being applied to soil, the concentration of soil solution will increase soon, resulting in higher infiltration pressure of crops, affecting the absorption of nutrients and water by crops, and increasing the loss and opportunity of nutrients. The mixed use of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can inhibit the disadvantage of the sudden increase of soil solution. At the same time, organic fertilizer can improve the nutrient absorption conditions of crops, improve the water storage and fertilizer retention capacity of soil, avoid and reduce the loss of chemical fertilizer nutrients, and improve the utilization rate of chemical fertilizer.

3, reduce nutrient fixation, improve fertilizer efficiency. After fertilizer is applied to the soil, some nutrients will be absorbed by the soil, chelated or fixed, reducing the fertilizer efficiency. For example, superphosphate and calcium-magnesium phosphate fertilizer are directly applied to soil, which is easy to connect with iron, aluminum, calcium and other elements in soil, and generate insoluble phosphoric acid which is fixed, resulting in the loss of available nutrients. If mixed with organic fertilizer, it can not only reduce the contact surface with soil, reduce the fixed opportunity of soil and chemical fertilizer, but also make those insoluble phosphorus in phosphate fertilizer into effective phosphorus that can be used by crops, and improve the fertilizer efficiency of phosphate fertilizer. 4, improve soil structure, increase production. Long-term single application of chemical fertilizer will damage the aggregate structure of soil, cause soil adhesion and compaction, and reduce tillage performance and fertilizer supply performance. Organic fertilizer contains abundant organic matter, which can activate fluffy soil and reduce capacity; Can improve soil water, fertilizer, air, heat and other physical and chemical properties; Adjust the pH. The combination of the two can not only increase the yield, but also promote the sustainable development of agriculture. 5, reduce the amount, reduce pollution. The mixing and collocation of organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can reduce the application amount of chemical fertilizer by 30%-50%. On the one hand, the land pollution can be reduced from the use of chemical fertilizer, and on the other hand, some organic fertilizer can degrade the residue of chemical fertilizer and pesticide in the soil.

6. Enhance microbial activities and increase soil nutrients. Organic fertilizer is the energy of microbial life, and chemical fertilizer is the inorganic nutrition of microbial growth. The combination of the two can promote microbial activity, and then promote the decomposition of organic fertilizer, produce a large number of carbon dioxide and organic acid, help to dissolve insoluble nutrients in soil, and supply crops for absorption. Carbon dioxide can increase the carbon nutrition of crops and improve photosynthetic efficiency. Microbial life is short, and after death, it decomposes and releases nutrients for crop absorption and utilization.

The importance of organic fertilizer granulator

In the production process of Organic Fertilizer, Organic Fertilizer Granulator plays a crucial role. It can process organic fertilizer raw materials into particles suitable for application, improving the utilization rate of fertilizer and the absorption effect of crops.

The application of Fertilizer Granules Compaction Machine

Fertilizer Granules Compaction Machine is a kind of organic fertilizer granulator. It makes raw materials into granules by means of extrusion, which is suitable for the production of a variety of organic fertilizers.

The advantages of Disc Granulator

Disc Granulator also plays an important role in the granulation process of organic fertilizer due to its efficient granulation capacity and stable product quality.

[mechanaonmeta]

Rinascita che trascende

Nausea. La testa gira. Rinasco.

Percepisco che c'è un nuovo mondo intorno a me, pieno di Luce e Amore. L'affetto che mi pervade è tale da commuovermi. Ho lasciato e abbandonato tutto ciò che mi portavo appresso dalla vita precedente e ora sono spaesata in questo nuovo Mondo da scoprire, e a poco a poco riacquisisco coscienza e consapevolezza. Sono morta in Egitto con le braccia incrociate sul petto, gesto che simbolicamente per me indica un auto-abbraccio. Ho compreso che quest'ultimo rappresenta l'amore che ognuno di noi deve concedersi per divenire responsabile della propria morte e della propria rinascita. Ci toglie un peso e ci dà il potere di divenire assolutamente indipendenti da ciò che riceviamo dal mondo esterno. Grazie a questa liberazione possiamo abbandonare la nostra posizione di bisogno e personificare un nuovo essere di Luce che cammina per la sua strada su di un sentiero anch'esso luminoso. Soltanto quando siamo stracolmi d'Amore possiamo percepire quanto ce ne sia realmente nel mondo che ci circonda. Il primo cambiamento parte sempre da noi, lasciamoci andare alla struttura e abbandoniamo i nostri sensi di colpa.

[eurofinsadvinus]

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[guiltiest-gear]

"What do you mean "biotransformation phase"?! I'm gettin cheese!" -quote anon

Average white boy tbh

[monatomicgoldpowder]

Unlocking the Mysteries of Ormus Gold: An Insight into the Lows of Inorganic Advancement

Ormus gold, (or atomic ormon gold, and monatomic gold) are fascinating compounds that made everyone want to take a closer look at spirituality, alchemy, and healthiness. These secret materials, which are virtually everywhere with an approximate value of gold, are alleged to be crucial sources of magic that favour humans in the progression of growth and wholeness.

Besides, ormus gold resembles the same noble metal honoured for its material value, ormus gold is the separation of the ordinary symbolism ornorms. As compared to its atomic form, gold atoms are mostly in a singular and isolated state, they are not bonded together with the normal pattern of metallic bonds. Resonating with this configuration the Ormus gold is thought to endow it with even greater energetic features, rendering it a powerful tool for spiritual change and evolution.

Atomic ormus, which is one of the names used in place of ormus metal, has a long history connected to alchemists who had a passion for secret knowledge and esotericism. Alchemical literature while working on the biotransformation of the base substances into gold, alchemists and mystics, as a trusted part of ancient lore seek to unveil its secret potential which is supposedly leading to the level of enlightenment and immortality.

Despite the controversial scripts of science behind ormus gold or Monatomic gold substances, anecdotal stories still show a large number of people who have claimed to have gained spiritual aid and healing through the use of these substances. The diversity of practices in which the ormus gold is applied, meditation, energy healing, and personal growth work, among others, such gold continues to captivate and fascinate those who desire to find the answers concerning the mysteries of consciousness and explore new possibilities of the human potential.

Conclusion:

To briefly encompass the three subjects, ormus gold, atomic ormus, and monatomic gold are amazing collisions of past and current knowledge with spiritual experience. The evolution of our awareness regarding these mystifying molecules also comes along with the acknowledgement that they may significantly impact our lives in the most profound way possible. This newbie may also help us to better comprehend the subject.

For original source visit: https://monatomicgoldpowder.over-blog.com/2024/06/delving-into-david-hudson-s-ormus-elixir-unraveling-the-mysteries-of-goldwater.html

[healthydryfruitsforyou]

Dried Fruit Intake Associated With a High-Quality Diet | The Harmony | Dry Fruits

In a narrative review recently published in the journal Nutrients, researchers obtained articles from multiple sources, including PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science, on the effects of dried fruits on gut microbiota, overall gastrointestinal (GI) health, including cardiovascular disease (CVD). Has been discussed. ) risk, type two diabetes (T2D), bone health and diet quality.

Recently, studies have found an association between dried fruit consumption on gut microbiota composition and functionality. Gut microbiota contributes to metabolic health; Thus, identifying dietary strategies that promote metabolic health through modification of gut microbial populations should be a priority.

Furthermore, there is a need for a thorough evaluation of the biological activity of bioactive compounds in dried fruits and their bioavailability and bioavailability.

About the Research

In the present narrative review, the researchers limited their literature search to articles published since 2000 to improve contemporary relevance. They mainly covered articles on seven topics, for example, the phytochemical composition of frequently eaten dried fruits.

This helped provide researchers with an update on the phytochemical composition of dried fruits and the mechanisms possibly involved in their biological effects. Finally, they made recommendations for dried fruit consumption based on the reviewed evidence.

Influence of Dried Fruit Composition

Alasalvar et al. showed that dried fruits have diverse phenolic profiles. However, the exact phenolic profiles of dried apples, peaches, and pears are unknown. They documented that nine dry fruits, namely, apples, cranberries, apricots, dates, peaches, pears, figs, plums and raisins, contained phenolic compounds such as anthocyanins, flavonols, flavones, phenolic acids, etc.

For example, carotenoids (such as β-carotene) are plant pigments that are responsible for the bright yellow, red, and orange colors in many vegetables and fruits and are abundant in all dried fruits except seedless raisins, although In different quantities.

Apricots are the richest source of β-carotene, followed by peaches and plums, these dried fruits contain 2,163, 1,074 and 394μg/100 g of β-carotene respectively. Apricots, dates, plums and raisins also contain phytoestrogens, which are absent in dried apples, figs, peaches and cranberries.

The aim of the study should be to comprehensively analyze different phenolic compound classes, such as carotenoids and phytoestrogens, in various dried fruits. Additionally, consuming 20 to 30 grams of dried fruits per day can provide 10 to 16% of the recommended daily fiber intake, depending on the dried fruits chosen.

Dried fruits have a relatively high oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), which varies with type and variety. For example, golden seedless raisins have the highest ORAC value of 10,450 µmol trolox equivalents (TE)/100 g.

Impact of Dried Fruits on Gut Health, and Their Dietary Recommendations

Data on the effects of dried fruits on metabolite production and their functions in the intestine are scarce. However, it is certain that dried fruit consumption regulates gut microbiota to influence health.

Most likely, phytochemicals in dried fruits undergo substantial biotransformation by gut microbiota to produce metabolites that affect health. Future mechanistic studies should address these questions.

Low fruit intake is a major contributor to CVD, T2D, and neoplasms. Therefore, a healthy diet consisting of five portions of fruits and vegetables per day, excluding starchy fruits, is the basis of the World Health Organization (WHO)'s current dietary recommendations. Current dietary guidelines for Americans also recommend four servings of fruit per day, where one-quarter cup of dried fruit is equivalent to half a cup of fruit.

Unfortunately, fruit consumption in most countries, including some European countries and the United States, is below current dietary recommendations for fruits (20 to 30 grams per day) according to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.

Health Benefit Mechanisms Related to Dried Fruits

Human studies have found that dried fruits have a low to moderate glycemic index due to their high mineral content, particularly potassium and magnesium, and increased fiber content, as well as high levels of antioxidants and phytochemicals.

Thus, consistent consumption of dry fruits benefits heart, gut microbiota and bone health. Surprisingly, their consumption may also provide therapeutic benefits. However, more in-depth research is needed on how dried fruits reduce the severity of chronic metabolic diseases.

A recent study showed that prunes prevent and reverse bone loss in women and potentially men after menopause. Phytochemicals such as chlorogenic acid and catechins have osteoprotective effects; However, the mechanisms controlling these effects remain unknown.

[therealgutdoctor]

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