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olivia-longueville · 5 years

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Henry FitzRoy: a product of Henry VIII’s lust for Bessie Blount

Henry FitzRoy, the only acknowledged illegitimate son of Henry VIII, was born on the 15th of June 1519. As Cardinal Wolsey sent the boy’s mother, Lady Elizabeth Blount, to live in the prior’s house of the Priory of St Lawrence in Blackmore, Essex, before her pregnancy became visible to court, little Henry came into the world there. The infant was named Henry after his royal father.

The birth of Henry FitzRoy by Elizabeth Blount in the ShowTime The Tudors

The boy’s mother is more commonly known to history as ‘Bessie’. The twelve-year-old Lady Blount became a maid of honor to Queen Catherine of Aragon in 1512 or 1513. In her book “Bessie Blount: Mistress to Henry VIII”, the British historian Elizabeth Norton writes:

“Bessie, with her good looks, musical ability and skill in dancing, was one of the most accomplished ladies at Henry VIII’s court. She excelled in the pageantry of the court and, with a little help from her family connections, soon found herself as one of the stars within the queen’s household.”

At the beginning of his reign, the court of Henry VIII and Catherine was a whirlwind of feasting, dancing, hunting, wrestling, masquing, and revels of all kinds, with tournaments having been a regular feature of court life. Teenaged Bessie must have delighted in all those various entertainments and in the principles of chivalry and courtly love, with which the tournaments were connected. The young and athletic Henry loved jousting, and during the tournaments, when he appeared before the audience on a warhorse draped in cloth of gold, his appearance was truly magnificent. At one of the festivities, in which she shone like a star, Bessie first came to the attention of her liege lord. How could Bessie resist such a man?

It seems that the King of England was attracted to Bessie’s sweet and youthful loveliness. The first mention of their relationship occurs in a letter written by the king’s closest friend – Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk – on the 25th of October 1514, in which after speaking about the life of the king’s sister, Princess Mary Tudor, in France, the duke ended the letter by saying:

“I beseech your Grace to tell Mistress Blount and Mistress Carew the next time that I write unto them or send them tokens they shall either write to me or send me tokens again.”

Lady Blount seems to have succumbed to the king’s charms in 1514. The evidence for Bessie’s affair with Henry is scant, just as it is with most of his other liaisons. At the time, the king did not wish to make his extramarital amours public, perhaps because he did not want to distress Catherine who was often pregnant, and there was still a possibility for her to bear a male heir. At New Year 1515, Bessie was reported to have danced with Henry merrily during the feast. In July 1515, the ruler appointed his paramour’s father, Sir John Blount, one of the “King’s Spears” or Royal Guard that was a new royal bodyguard, established by Henry VIII when he came to the throne. According to Norton, Bessie was not only one of the loveliest creatures at court, but also an intelligent woman who shared with the king his literary interests and his taste for pageantry. Due to Henry’s desire for secrecy, no correspondence between the lovers has survived.

It is likely that Bessie could have fallen, even fleetingly, in love with her young, educated, and charismatic sovereign. Their rendezvous were clandestine, and only the king’s intimate friends (Charles Brandon e. g.) were aware of them; I wonder whether Catherine of Aragon knew about her husband’s new relationship. Unlike many of Henry’s other affairs, the monarch’s liaison with Bessie was not short-lived and lasted until she bore him an illegitimate son, Henry FitzRoy.

Given Catherine’s unsuccessful childbearing history, Henry must have been over the moon with FitzRoy’s birth. Finally, the Tudor ruler had a son whom he had always yearned to have! But his mother was not his spouse, so the child could not be his heir to the English throne. At the same time, in Henry’s eyes, FitzRoy’s existence proved that he was capable of fathering a healthy son. Perhaps from the moment of the infant’s birth, Henry began to blame Catherine for the lack of his male progeny, which for him was a slur on his manhood. It is highly likely that FitzRoy’s birth was a turning point in the lives of Catherine and Henry as the rock-solid core of their relationship cracked, and their previously good marriage became a travesty of true love, disguised by Henry’s regal coldness to his aging wife and by Catherine’s sangfroid that concealed her anguish.

We don’t know for a certainty when and how Henry VIII first met his son. Soon after Bessie’s labor, the infant was baptized at the chapel at Blackmore with Cardinal Wolsey acting as his godfather. Fitzroy was created Duke of Richmond and Earl of Nottingham, for the monarch could not deny his only living son such privileges. In spite of the king’s gratitude to Bessie and his former fascination with her, he nevertheless broke his relationship with Lady Blount. The boy’s upbringing remains shrouded in mystery until the moment FitzRoy was set up in his own establishment and entered Bridewell Palace (one of Henry VIII’s residences in London).

In 1522, Bessie Blount married Sir Gilbert Tailboys or Talboys, 1st Baron Tailboys of Kyme (a man from Wolsey’s household). The couple went on having three children: Elizabeth, George and Robert. Elizabeth Norton convincingly argues that the monarch may also have been the father of Bessie’s daughter, Lady Elizabeth Tailboys, as later Henry was too much interested in this young woman’s marriage and property rights, which could indicate that she was his secret daughter.

Despite his death of tuberculosis in his adolescence, Henry FitzRoy would become the longest-lived of Henry VIII’s sons. Many historians claim that Henry VIII may have fathered other children out-of-wedlock whom he did not acknowledge, but this cannot be proved.

You can learn more about FitzRoy’s life in my article: Death of Henry FitzRoy (http://olivialongueville.com/2016/07/23/death-henry-fitzroy/).

All images are in the public domain.

#bessy blount #King Henry VIII #Henry FitzRoy Duke of Richmond #Henry Fitzroy #Tudor period #the tudors

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tsgcincinnati · 5 years

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MEMBER SPOTLIGHT: Jennifer of Pomegranate & Lime

We believe in storytelling here at The Scout Guide, and love telling the unique stories behind our business owners. This Member Spotlight focuses on Jennifer, the owner of one of our favorite gift shops in Cincinnati, Pomegranate & Lime, located in the Mariemont Strand. This great gift store opened in August 2010 and offers gifts for the home, ladies, gents and kids.

How did you get into retail and open Pomegranate & Lime?

It was always a dream of mine to have my own store and was fortunate before having children to have extensive retail experience including hiring employees (staffing), running the business and running the merchandising side of retail.

I started in department store training at Pogue's located in Carew Tower, and then as a ladies ready-to-wear buyer (ladies sports wear). I would go to NYC for buying trips and loved those. I then worked as a buyer for 5 years and then left the company to work at Talbots for 10 years and eventually managed up to 15 stores. I put retail “on hold” to raise my two children.

What do you love most about owning your store?

Building relationships with customers. (I witnessed this first hand, as when I asked her this, she really connected with each person, knew their names, helped with gift suggestions and gave them each personal time and smiles!)

I’m in my 10th holiday season and have had customers who have attended all ten holiday open houses, which is very special for me to see.

Why did you choose Mariemont to open your store?

As a recent empty-nester, I needed a purpose. I saw the open spot in the Mariemont Strand, I said to myself “that's my shop when the lease is available.” The prior jewelry store left the spot and I took the risk and never looked back.

Why the name Pomegrante and Lime?

I wanted it to be unique and have it’s own identity. I started out with “Pomegrante” which is something I have always loved - it’s healthy and I love the look of the fruit. I’m a very visual person and loved the letters and shape the word creates. My daughter said it needed another word to go with “Pomegrante.” That’s when “Lime” came to mind along with the tag line - “classic gifts with a twist.”

Explain to us more about how you pick your assortment.

As a buyer, I have always been curating my assortment of goods I love. I consistently had a mental list building throughout my time in retail, which has made it a lot easier and fun working on the lines for the store which include baby, jewelry, home goods, mens and giftware.

What are some of your favorite things you carry?

In Jewelry, I love Julie Vos & Enewton (and have even met and been visited by Elizabeth Newton who is lovely!) In baby, I love Pixie Lily and Jelly Cat since they’re timeless and soft. My favorite right now in Giftware is Michel Design, and in Men's, it’s Smathers & Branson. I love to support other small businesses when I pick out lines to carry.

Anything else you want to tell our readers about you and the store?

My favorite holiday is Christmas - people are usually in a joyful mood and I love offering complimentary gift wrapping, which I feel is very helpful and appreciated by my customers. I love being a part of the Scout Guide because supporting dreams matters. I really love the saying, “When you support small businesses you are supporting a dream."

You can visit Jennifer and her sweet team at the store at 6804 Wooster Pike in the Mariemont Strand, and follow along on her Instagram page --> here. Be sure to tell her Scout sent you and thank you for reading our stories!

Jennifer, her husband Scott and their dog, Sophie. Photos by Ross Van Pelt.

#pomegranateandlime #giftstoresincincinnati #bestofcincinnati #livelovelocal #supportsmall #shopsmall #mariemontstrand

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maryroxburghetrust · 6 years

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West Horsley Place, Guy Fawkes and the Gunpowder Plot!

Guy Fawkes, Footman at West Horsley Place

West Horsley Place has many amazing stories connecting it to major events in English history; one of the most exciting is its connection to the Gunpowder Plot. The below account is by Pam Bowley, respected local historian and author of a book on the history of West Horsley Place.

At the age of about 19 Guy Fawkes took up the position of a footmen to the 1st Lord Montague of West Horsley Place and Cowdray Park in Sussex. Lord Montague was quite elderly by then and died two years later in 1592. Then Fakes went into the service of the 2nd Lord Montague. The Montagues were staunch Catholics but often managed to escape paying recusant fines; they had so many houses in Surrey and the surrounding counties to which they could escape.

Guy Fawkes is believed to have been more than an ordinary footman, because being a Catholic he was in a position of confidence and trust, probably accompanying his master everywhere. He was well educated so he may have been more of a personal assistant. He was tall, powerfully built with reddish-brown hair, and later in life he added a flowing moustache and a bushy beard. He was intelligent courageous, steadfast and loyal. Recognising these qualities in the young man, and his zeal for furthering the Catholic cause, the 2nd Lord Montague may have helped him obtain a career in the Spanish army in Flanders where his Catholicism was no bar to success. Many young Catholic Englishmen did the same.

Sir Anthony Browne, 2nd Lord Montague and brothers

His career prospered. He became an ensign and later a captain in the Spanish army. Once he had been sent on a mission to Phillip III of Spain, to ask for his support in an invasion of England to further the cause of the English Catholics, but he received nothing but empty promises. Expecting the King of Spain to be true to his word, Guy, who spoke both French and Spanish fluently, changed his first name to Guido.

When King James came to the throne in 1603, there was widespread joy among the Catholics who hoped he would now restore some degree of toleration towards them. But instead he made a new peace treaty with Spain. The English Catholics became impatient with the lack of action, and soon a number of Catholic gentlemen decided that something must be done, and under Robert Catesby, a group of conspirators got together meeting in secret. They were a tightknit circle and were all related by kinship, marriage or friendship. The 2nd Lord Montague of West Horsley Place was married to Catesby’s first cousin, Elizabeth Tresham, whose brother, Francis Tresham was among the conspirators, so Montague may have been aware of the plot. The conspirators decided the only way to be rid of the King was to blow up the House of Lords from a cellar beneath the chamber where the King was opening Parliament, but they needed someone who could handle gunpowder.

Guido Fawkes, as he was now called, being back in England, had probably taken up employment again with his former master, Lord Montague. He was sworn to secrecy and drawn into the plot, but he remained an outsider. Not being one of the élite, he was not privy to their private supper parties where plotting took place.

The old Houses of Parliament in those days were nothing like they are today. They consisted of a warren of buildings with the principal rooms and offices on the upper two floors, while down below at street level were taverns, shops and one house known as ‘the Whynniard Lodging’. This house consisted of a ‘cellar’ at ground floor level for storage with a small chamber above connected by a door to the King’s Robing Room, for John Whynniard was the keeper of the King’s wardrobe. Thomas Percy of Albury (friend and neighbour of Lord Montague), whose lodgings were nearby, took out a lease on Whynniard’s and installed Guido Fawkes in it. Guido estimated that up to 36 barrels of gunpowder would be required to demolish the building, so over the following months he accumulated numerous barrels of different sizes which were stored in the cellar.

On the 4th November 1605, Lord Montague received an anonymous letter at his London home, advising him not to go to the Houses of Parliament on the following day the 5th November. Could this have been from Guido himself? But what the conspirators did not know was that a long-delayed search of Parliament ‘both above and below’ had been ordered to be carried out! On hearing that the losing had been leased to Thomas Percy, the Kind became suspicious and ordered a more thorough search led by Sir Thomas Knevett of Ockham. This time the barrels and their contents were discovered and a tall figure wearing a dark cloak was seen leaving the building and was promptly arrested. He gave his name as John Johnson, servant to Thomas Percy, but, of course, it was Guy Fawkes. As news of his arrest broke, the conspirators fled in all directions.

Fawkes was ordered to be tortured until he gave his true identity as they thought ay first that he might be a Jesuit priest. He bravely held out until all the conspirators were had had time to get away. Then he was given the worst torture of all, which was the rack, whereby all a man’s joints would be dislocated and he would be permanently damaged. After two days of unmerciful torture, his body broken and his mind gone, he at last gave the names of the other conspirators.

They were soon rounded up and executed after a brief trial, but poor Guido Fawkes, not being of the ‘gentleman class’ was hung drawn and quartered after his broken body was dragged to the execution site on a hurdle.

Lord Montague spent nine months in the Tower, but his name was eventually cleared. Sir Walter Raleigh was also under suspicion, because his wife was a Throckmorton [her brother Nicholas Carew would later buy West Horsley Place in 1643], although he had not had anything to do with the plot.

Except taken from ‘West Horsley Place: The Story of an Old House and the People Who Once Lived In It’ by Pam Bowley ©Pam Bowley 2007

West Horsley Place, Guy Fawkes and the Gunpowder Plot! was originally published on West Horsley Place

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stephaniefchase · 7 years

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Bajan Newscap 10/4/2017

Good Morning #realdreamchasers. Here is your daily news cap for Wednesday, 4th October, 2017. There is a lot to read and digest so take your time. Remember you can read full articles via Barbados Today (BT), or by purchasing Mid Week Nation Newspaper (MWN).

THANKS NSRL – The Queen Elizabeth Hospital (QEH) has started to pay its debt and is in a position to meet its financial obligations to suppliers once again. The Sanitation Service Authority (SSA) will soon get its new fleet of trucks, and will even be looking to purchase additional equipment. Minister of Finance Chris Sinckler says Barbadians can thank the controversial National Social Responsibility Levy (NSRL) for that good news. Revealing he had been publicly maligned on social media for introduction of the tax but that national financial issues would still remain after him, Sinckler yesterday told the House of Assembly the NSRL was already reaping benefits that would help ease the country’s financial woes. (MWN)

FREE TO BORROW – Barbados now has access to over US$500 million in financing from the Latin American Development Bank (CAF) following a decision by the island to acquire more shares in the institution. This was revealed today by Minister of Finance Chris Sinckler as he led off debate on the Latin American Development Bank Amendment Bill 2017 in the House of Assembly. While not indicating whether the country, which is facing significant financial problems, intended to seek a major loan from CAF, Sinckler said access to low-cost financing was now enhanced by the move to buy more shares. Offering some background to the measure, the Member of Parliament for St Michael North West said in 2015 Barbados joined the bank and purchased 3, 522 common shares in CAF for a value of $50 million. With this shareholding the island could borrow up to four times the value of its shares for domestic purposes and up to eight times for projects that improved integration. Sinckler revealed that Barbados was given the opportunity by CAF to increase its investments in the bank by an additional 1,080 shares, bringing the total investment to US$65.37 million. In this connection, he said the island had already borrowed $30 million for Berth 5 expansion at the Bridgetown Port, and $15 million for the purchase of new scanners for the Port and software for the Barbados Revenue Authority (BRA) to create a single platform to capture Value Added Tax, Land Tax, Inland Revenue and the Licensing Department’s revenue streams. Moreover, he told the House the tendering process was already under way for the single tax system and the acquisition of security scanners with both projects expected to be in place by year-end. The minister of finance further revealed that Barbados had accessed $35 million from the Latin financial institution for road improvement by the Ministry of Transport and Works, adding that additional funding for roads would come soon. He informed the House that Barbados had been well served by its participation in CAF because of the reduced financing costs and “simpler” bureaucracy when compared to institutions like the Caribbean Development Bank and the World Bank. (BT)

SINCKLER CONCEDES TO GROWTH OF LESS THAN 1% THIS YEAR – Minister of Finance and Economic Affairs Chris Sinckler has conceded that the Barbados economy will not grow by two per cent this year. In fact, given the impact of Government’s “tight” fiscal programme, he told reporters that growth was more likely to be in the range of 0.5 per cent and 0.7 per cent in 2017, which is in keeping with the forecast made by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) back in June. However, the jury is still out on the success of the measures, which included a controversial hike in the National Social Responsibility Levy, from two per cent to ten per cent amid protests from the island’s trade unions and members of the local business community who complained that the tax was simply too onerous. However, to date Government has been sticking slavishly to its programme with Sinckler reporting yesterday that “we seem to be on track, but we have to ensure that we keep the expenditures under control”. (BT)

LASHLEY RAISES CONCERN ABOUT COMPULSORY ACQUISITIONS – Minister of Transport and Works Michael Lashley today made a strong case for an overhaul of the Land Acquisition Act, as Government sought Parliament’s approval to abandon a 14-year-old compulsory acquisition at Weston St James. Back in 2003, the House of Assembly approved the takeover of the property owned by Ralph Griffith with a view to clearing the watercourse following the 1995 Weston floods in which well-known calypsonian Carew lost his life. However, Cabinet subsequently decided at a meeting on November 3, 2016 that it no longer required the land for the purpose for which it was acquired and agreed that it should be returned to its former owner. Today, Lashley said while the former Barbados Labour Party Government may have been acting in the country’s best interest at the time, the landowner was made to suffer as a result of the actions of the state. Lashley said his ministry and others had received numerous complaints from private citizens and businesses about such compulsory acquisitions, including the fact that they have had to wait lengthy periods for compensation. Lashley was adamant that displaced landowners should be paid in a reasonable time, suggesting that Government could negotiate compensation other than money given its current financial constraints. The Minister of Transport and Works however made it clear that citizens were not helpless, pointing to a 1999 case in which Parsons Pest Control successfully challenged Government’s compulsory acquisition of 17 acres of land. (BT)

LOWE: PROJECTS A FLOOD THREAT – Housing developments in uphill areas are creating a drainage headache for communities below and may in many instances be contributing to flooding in Barbados’ low-lying areas. So says Minister of the Environment and Drainage Dr Denis Lowe, who added that people were building on water courses, affecting how the water got from the high elevations to the run-off point. He claimed it was happening “all over Barbados”. He told the House of Assembly yesterday some people were constructing “without the permission of the Town Planning Department” while others were even challenging that department’s authority by starting a development and applying for building retention afterwards. Speaking on a resolution to abandon Government’s compulsory acquisition of land at Weston, St James, that had been deluged by the flood of 1995 that claimed the life of popular calypsonian Carew, Lowe said water flowed downhill at a rapid rate “because there are no adequate check dam systems that would slow down the pace of the water as it gets down to the lower elevations. (MWN)

HUSBANDS TO CHAIR CBC TALKS – Today’s meeting involving the Ministry of Labour, Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) and Barbados Workers’ Union (BWU) will not be chaired by Minister of Labour Dr Esther Byer Suckoo. Instead, her colleague Senator Harry Husbands will be leading the talks, which are set to take place at 10 a.m. at CBC’s offices in the Pine, St Michael. The MIDWEEK NATION understands that Byer Suckoo will be out of the island. On Monday evening she sent letters to the BWU and CBC inviting them to attend the talks. (MWN)

STRIKING CBC EMPLOYEES TO GO BACK TO WORK – Striking workers at the state-owned Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) will be back on the job tomorrow, in what their union, the Barbados Workers’ Union (BWU) said was a show of good faith ahead of talks between the state broadcaster and the BWU, initiated by Minister of Labour Dr Esther Byer-Suckoo. The union last night called off escalation of the protest over increments, after receiving an invitation from Byer-Suckoo for the meeting, scheduled for 10 a.m. tomorrow at CBC in The Pine, St Michael. However, BWU General Secretary Toni Moore said at the time the CBC workers would remain on strike for the seventh straight day pending the outcome of those talks, stating the union was being cautious because of broken promises by the radio, television and cable company. The BWU now says keeping the employees off the job while the talks were taking place would not be an act of good faith, therefore, it had a change of heart. Still all is not settled as the former union boss revealed that Byer-Suckoo would miss her own meeting, much to the BWU’s dismay. The minister had chaired the last meeting at which an agreement was reached on the payment of increments dating back to 2012. (BT)

‘NO NEED FOR LAWYERS’ AT ERT – People do not need an attorney for their cases to be heard by the Employment Rights Tribunal (ERT). Minister of Labour Dr Esther Byer Suckoo emphasised this during an interview with the MIDWEEK NATION while speaking about upcoming changes to the ERT. She said the wait on lawyers from both sides had contributed to cases not being dealt with as expeditiously as they could be, and that matter was under review. “Because persons are relying more and more on lawyers when they come to the tribunal, there is often a delay because the lawyers have to be all available at the same time and I gather, as with our court system, that doesn’t always happen . . . . The tribunal is created in such a way that members of the public do not have to come with attorneys. (MWN)

BPA CONCERNED THAT 200 POLICE OFFICERS ARE STILL ACTING – Police officers here are hoping the appointment of Tyrone Griffith as the top cop in the Royal Barbados Police Force (RBPF) will be the beginning of a wave of appointments of officers in acting positions. The Barbados Police Association (BPA) today said a staggering 200 cops had been acting in senior positions for much too long, some of them up to two ranks higher than their substantive posts. BPA President Constable Mervin Grace told Barbados TODAY while they welcomed the appointment of Griffith, who had acted as commissioner for just over four years, it was time for officers of lower rank to get their just due. Grace said the number of acting positions “is so great I can’t tell you”, revealing that there were officers acting from as low down the ranks as sergeant up to the third highest post of assistant commissioner of police. In addition, he said, the RBPF was short of over 100 police officers, making the acting situation even more burdensome. The BPA head said his organization expected Griffith to maintain the same high standards that he had been demonstrating since his acting appointment in June 2013. On January 11, this year 56 officers were appointed across the ranks of sergeant, station sergeant, inspector, assistant superintendent, superintendent, senior superintendent and assistant commissioner of police. Griffith, 62, joined the Force in 1975. (BT)

BYE BYE KAIDEN – The innocence of a child not allowed to be contaminated by mundane matters, seemed frozen forever in the body of one-month-old Kaiden Dacosta Greenidge who was laid to rest today. The purity of the dead baby was reflected in the way he was dressed – in an all white suit – for his final earthly journey, and it was amplified by the fact that he was given an all white velvet casket. As Kaiden lay peacefully in the casket as though he were fast asleep, family members dressed in blue and white, with shirts proudly displaying photographs of the infant, huddled at the front of the Ebenezer Seventh Day Adventist Church in Eden Lodge, St Michael for just one more lasting moment with the child. They joined the wider congregation in singing children’s hymns such as There’s A Friend For Little Children, Jesus Wants Me To Be A Sunbeam and When He Cometh, among others. It was an intimate funeral service for a baby, whose mysterious death on September 13 mere hours after he was left with carers at the Divine Day Nursery, had mortified his parents Petra Rouse and Silverson Greenidge. Kaiden was taken to the nursery at St Stephen’s Hill, Black Rock, St Michael on the morning of Wednesday September 13. Six-and-a-half hours later his parents received a call from the day care informing them that the infant appeared to be ill. Soon after, he was pronounced dead on arrival at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital. His death triggered a police investigation as the parents demanded to know what went wrong. Police this afternoon told Barbados TODAY that a preliminary autopsy report concluded that the boy died of natural causes. However, Public Relations Officer Acting Inspector Roland Cobbler said lawmen were awaiting the final results of the autopsy to determine which direction their investigation would take. Therefore, he said no one could be held criminally responsible at this stage. Meantime, Child Care Board Director Joan Crawford, who has repeatedly refused to comment because of the police investigation, explained that private day care facilities were required to admit children no younger than six weeks old, accompanied by with a medical certificate, and with the parents’ approval. Government nurseries, she said, accepted infants from the age of three months. Crawford’s announcement appeared to support a suggestion by Minister of Social Care Steve Blackett that the baby might have been too young to be accepted at such a facility. (BT)

THIRTEEN-YEAR-OLD BOY DIES IN ROAD ACCIDENT – A 13-year-old boy is this island’s 19th road fatality. According to police, the teenager, whose name has not yet been released, was struck by a car driven by 59-year-old David Ash of Thorpes, St James. The accident occurred around 6:45 p.m., at Campaign Castle, St George. Lawmen say preliminary investigations suggest that the victim disembarked a minibus and was attempting to cross the road in front of the minibus when he was struck by the car being driven by Ash, who was overtaking the minibus. The teen was rushed to the state-run Queen Elizabeth Hospital but later succumbed to his injuries. Police are continuing investigations. The number of road deaths so far this year is almost double the total for 2016. (BT)

POLICE PROBE VIDEOS OF ‘RECKLESS’ PSV DRIVERS – Two separate videos circulating on social media, which seem to show public service vehicle (PSV) operators engaging in reckless and dangerous practices, have caught the attention of police and transport authorities, as well as PSV owners. The videos emerged within the last two weeks, with one showing a route taxi racing through the River Terminal with its conductor hanging through the door of the vehicle while onlookers cheer, while the second shows a minibus packed to capacity, with at least three persons outside the door while the bus was in motion. Director of the Barbados Transport Authority Alex Linton told Barbados TODAY the authority was actively tracking the drivers involved and they would face the full brunt of the law. Linton urged the public to advise the transport authority whenever they see such behaviour exhibited by PSV operators instead of publishing footage on social media. (BT)

SHOOTING INCIDENT IN CANE VALE – Police are investigating a shooting incident which occurred sometime after 8:00 p.m., today at Cane Vale, Christ Church. During this incident, Rolando Sealy, 19, of Cane Vale, Christ Church, received a gunshot injury to his right bicep. He was transported to the QEH by private motor car. Preliminary investigations revealed that Sealy was liming in the area with other men, when a motor car approached, and one of the occupants opened fire on the group before speeding away. Anyone who can provide any information to assist with these investigations is being asked to contact Oistins Police Station at telephone 418-2608, or 418-2612, Police Emergency at telephone number 211, Crime Stoppers at 1-800-TIPS (8477), or the nearest police station. All information received will be strictly confidential. (MWN)

MILLION DOLLAR CASE: CLERICAL OFFICER ON TRIAL FOR THEFT - The trial of a clerical officer, accused of stealing over a million dollars belonging to the Psychiatric Hospital, is currently underway in the High Court. The Crown is currently presenting its case against Anderson Ryan Ince of Hannays Road, St Lucy, who was earlier released on $100,000 bail after pleading not guilty to the charges back in 2006. It is alleged that sometime between August 1, 2003 and August 1, 2005, Ince stole $1,118,500, belonging to the Black Rock, St Michael institution and vested with the Central Bank. He is also accused of laundering the funds. Attorneys Steve Gollop, Charmaine Delice-Hunte and Neil Marshall are representing the accused man while Deputy Director of Public Prosecutions Donna Babb-Agard is prosecuting the Crown’s case, along with Principal Crown Counsel Alliston Seale and crown counsels Oliver Thomas and Olivia Davis. Today, Madam Justice Michelle Weekes heard from Ince’s ex-fiancé, Marsha Gill, who said she met the accused man while working at the mental institution as a nursing assistant. Under questioning from the lead prosecutor, Gill said she knew that her fiancé worked in the administrative division of the hospital as a clerical officer. However, Gill said she did not know his monthly salary. She also revealed that they lived together in a three-bedroom rented house in St Joseph for approximately seven years and “shared [the rent] half, half”. During that time, Ince “gifted her” with a Toyota Platz motorcar, but Gill said she did not know who paid for the vehicle. “I assumed it was him . . . he gave it [the car] as a gift,” she said, adding that they also took a vacation between the 2003 and 2006. “We went to New Jersey by my sister,” the witness said. However, she told the nine-member jury she could not remember who paid for the tickets for she and her daughter, as well as Ince to travel, neither did she know the cost of her vehicle. She also revealed that Ince had purchased her engagement ring, along with wedding bands, but again she did not know the cost of the items. “I just went to look [at Columbian Emeralds] not to purchase . . . I did not look at the prices,” she said, while identifying the pieces of jewellery in court this afternoon. A previous witness – Angela Reifer who works at Columbian Emeralds International – told the court that she had identified in July last year several pieces of jewellery, presented to her by the police. Among them a three-stone pendant valued at US$3,000 with matching US$4,000 earrings; a five-stone princess cut diamond 14-carat gold ring, costing over US$6,000 and a gents diamond gold set in 14-carat white gold worth US$5,000. Under further examination, Gill admitted to being “curious” about how Ince could afford some of the items. However, she said Ince had told her he had a side job, even though she told the court she could not remember what that was. “[Discussions] about finances always brought noise . . . so I chose not to ask about finance,” Gill said. However, she admitted to being “shocked” after a search warrant was executed at their home and the jewellery and other valuables confiscated amid the investigations into alleged theft at the Psychiatric Hospital. A number of other witnesses have also given evidence, including Ince’s friend Terryann Badenock who told the court that the accused man had approached her “about something that would help me out in my financial situation”. After revealing to Badenock that he supplies the Psychiatric Hospital with vegetables, he reportedly asked her for her national insurance number, national registration number, the spelling of her name and address. Badenock was later shocked to learn from Ince that a cheque in the amount of $20,000 was to be deposited into her account. “I was not looking for that amount,” she said disclosing that a subsequent cheque of $15,000 was also deposited in the account, which she shared with her husband. However, she was subsequently instructed by Ince to write cheques to him for various amounts. The trial continues tomorrow at 10 a.m. (BT)

FATHER DID NOT ‘WILLFULLY’ CAUSE SON’S DEATH – Dave Anthony Searles has been found not guilty of willfully exposing his five-month-old son Ethan in a manner likely to cause injury to his health. Magistrate Kristie Cuffy-Sargeant handed down the sentence on the Cemetery Lane, Road View, St Peter resident in the No.2 District ‘A’ Magistrates’ Court today. She explained that the verdict was based on the fact that the prosecution was unable to prove that Searles “willfully” committed the act. Ethan’s lifeless body was discovered in the back seat of Searles’ car, which was parked outside his workplace in Brittons Hill, St Michael on December 5, 2012. Searles, who had denied the charge, was represented by attorney-at-law Branford Taitt Jr. (BT)

THIS IS ‘FOR LIFE’ – With tears in his eyes, Dave Anthony Searles walked out of the District “A” Magistrates’ Court a free man yesterday, five years after he had been charged in connection with the car death of his five-month-old son. But he has some advice for parents of newborn and young children: see the rear-facing cars seats and leave them in the store. “You see rear-facing car seats? If you are a person who is accustomed to a routine, it is a recipe for disaster,” he stressed. Searles, 48, of Cemetery Lane, Road View, St Peter, was originally charged with unlawfully killing Ethan Searles on December 5, 2012. That was subsequently withdrawn and replaced with the charge that being a person over 16 years, having custody of Ethan Searles, who was five months old, he wilfully exposed the child in a manner likely to cause injury to the health of the child. (MWN)

MAN ADMITS TO CUTTING COP WITH A RAZOR – Presentencing and psychiatric reports have been ordered on a 54-year-old man who today confessed to wounding a police officer two years ago. When Richard Carmichael Best of St Stephen’s Hill, St Michael appeared before Madam Justice Jacqueline Cornelius he pleaded guilty to wounding Police Constable Johnathan Ermay with a razor blade on September 10, 2015. According to the prosecutor, Crown Counsel Oliver Thomas, Ermay responded to a report of tourists being harassed in Trafalgar Square, The City and subsequently arrested Best for causing a disturbance. The prosecutor said it was while on the way to Central Police Station that Best reportedly made a swinging motion towards Ermay’s face, cutting him on the left side with a sharp object which was later identified as a razor blade. However, the officer was still able to subdue him, as two colleagues came to Ermay’s assistance.Best, who is being represented by attorney Vonda Pile, returns to the No.5 Supreme Court on November 14. (BT)

GLENN LEARNS THE HARD WAY – Calling him a “seasoned and unbending” criminal, Justice Jacqueline Cornelius today sentenced a 50-year-old St Michael man to eight years behind bars on firearm, ammunition and cannabis charges. However, Martin Robert Glenn of St Stephen’s Housing Area, Black Rock, only has two years and 295 days left to serve of that sentence, having spent 1,896 days on remand at HMP Dodds. Back in May 2016 Glenn pleaded guilty to possession of a .38 firearm, six rounds of ammunition and a quantity of cannabis after he was apprehended in connection with a burglary at Kew Road, Bank Hall, St Michael on July 24, 2012. Glenn, who has 11 prior convictions, five of which fall under the Firearms Act, apologized before Justice Cornelius in the No.5 Supreme Court in July of this year for his crimes, saying he had had a lot of time to reflect on his life and could no longer do the things he used to. However, in her ruling today Justice Cornelius pointed out to Glenn that his latest offences occurred only a year after he was released from prison in 2011 after serving a lengthy sentence on kidnapping and firearm charges. “[You] show yourself to be an obdurate offender . . . 11 previous convictions which extend over a period of 28 years are reflective of a seasoned, unbending criminal, who is unable to, or refuses to learn from the error of his ways,” the judge said as she imposed the sentence. Senior Crown Counsel Krystal Delaney was the prosecutor in the case. (BT)

HIGH HOPES – Barbados are really liking their chances at home. Coach Mike Sims has high hopes for the hosts at this weekend’s CARIFTA Triathlon Championships although many officials still don’t know what to expect from the inaugural meet. Sims expressed the sentiment ahead of Saturday’s start to the first ever regional age-group event at the Garfield Sobers Sports Complex. “I don’t want to put any pressure on them, but I think we’re going to be surprised,” said Sims during yesterday’s press launch at the Barbados Olympic Association’s headquarters. (MWN)

EXCELLENCE SPRINGER’S ‘ONLY WAY’ – Springer Memorial Secondary School continues to be a beacon on the hill. This was stressed by acting principal Mitchelle Maxwell during the Government Hill, St Michael school’s 53rd anniversary Founder’s Day Service when past and present students, teachers and friends assembled on Monday. Maxwell described Springer as an incubator for many outstanding Barbadians in various fields, including athletics, an area in which they have won the most titles in the girls’ division in the Barbados Secondary Schools’ Athletic Championships since 1998. “Today marks the 53rd birthday of our beloved school, 53 years of growth and achievement, 53 years of sustained efforts in providing education in Barbados. Each day brings new accomplishments to Springer Memorial School. We are indeed thankful to God for His many blessings. We are mindful of the hard work and dedication which would have led to the establishment of this noble institution. The Springer Memorial School continues to be a beacon on the hill and those who traverse the grounds of this campus are reminded every day that excellence is the only way,” said Maxwell. (MWN)

HELP NEEDED FOR FOOD PROGRAMME – The Barbados Youth Action Programme is struggling to keep its free breakfast service up and running. President of the charitable organisation, Lumumba Batson, said this was evident after visits to several schools and hearing repeated cries from children who started classes on empty stomachs. He said they had solicited help from corporate Barbados since January, but donations mainly came from members of the Wildey community and surrounding districts who placed money in a box at the village shop Peggy’s Place. Batson said more was needed to keep the meals programme going after ten months in existence. “We know we can’t feed everybody but this is a start. We were also hoping that it would branch out to other communities eventually. Usually we go five days a week but we are thinking about cutting back two days because we are not getting the support that we need to keep it going,” Batson said. He said meals left back were given to senior citizens in the area. Batson was one of many people in the St Michael South East constituency who sounded off on the recent move of former Democratic Labour Party member Patrick Tannis’ recent move to the Barbados Labour Party. (MWN)

That’s all for today folks there are 88 days left in the year Shalom! #thechasefiles #dailynewscaps Follow us on Twitter, Facebook & Instagram for your daily news. #bajannewscaps #newscapsbystephaniefchase

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queenmarytudor · 5 years

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About the time that the King's council had sent to her [Mary] to Hunsdon, [Nicholas Carew] sent for me to his chamber at Westminster, bidding me welcome, saying that the cause he sent for me was for that he did know I did give my heart and service to her for her mother's sake, and he showed me a letter of his own hand to her, wherein he besought her for the love of God, and so in likewise did all her friends here desire her to follow the King's desire, and they were sure that his Majesty was minded at that Parliament to make her heir apparent till God should send his Majesty other issue. At which time I made answer, I durst not except I did know my Lord's pleasure, then being secretary [Thomas Cromwell], who bade me not fear for he would show him his self, saying that he was sure Master Secretary would give a hundred pounds that she would consent. And so thereupon I went with his letter to her Grace, who showed me that her Grace had received the same day a letter from his wife by her servant.

Anthony Roke interrogation, 1539

#i'm guessing this was september 1534 #because elizabeth carew sent a letter to her then #nicholas carew #elizabeth carew

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queenmarytudor · 6 years

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Mary Tudor during the reign of Anne Boleyn - Part Three 1536

I figured the most natural point to conclude this series is a month after Anne’s death, with Mary signing the act declaring her a bastard and acknowledging all what Henry and Anne wanted her to throughout her time as queen. This period of Mary’s life defined her future personality, and led to the darkest parts of her reign.

1536

7th January - Mary’s mother, Katherine of Aragon, dies.

c. 8 – 10th January – It is reported that Henry “ordered the death of her mother to be kept secret” from Mary, “intending to go or send some good personage to console her.” This does not happen.

In her will, Katherine leaves Mary furs, and a necklace with a cross which she had brought from Spain.

Chapuys sends a consolatory letter to Mary informing her of her mother’s death, sending it to one of her ladies to present it to her, which gave her great consolation.

Mary replies thanking him for all the good he has done her and begging him to tell the king that if he took away her company she thinks it will be fatal, and that following his [Chapuys’s] counsel, she would endeavour to show constancy but prepare herself to die.

11th January – Anne Shelton “most unceremoniously, without the least preparation” tells Mary of her mother’s death.

Mary begs her to write to the king to have the physician and apothecary of the queen visit her. Henry replies that any illness she might suffer must be from worry, and she has no need of a physician.

Mary write to Chapuys begging him, among other things, to press for the physician and apothecary by saying she is unwell and cannot do without them.

Chapuys sends his man to Cromwell to deliver Mary’s requests surrounding her mother’s death.

Henry wishes to see what Katherine’s furs are like first, and that “if the Princess wishes to have what had been given her [in the will] she must first show herself obedient to her father.”

12th January – Cromwell tells Chapuys’s servant “it depends only on herself that she should have not merely all that her mother left her, but all that she could ask, provided she would be an obedient daughter.” He continues that “the King must be obeyed, and she must not presume to be wiser or of better conscience than her father.”

? – Anne Boleyn sends a message through Anne Shelton, saying “if she would lay aside her obstinacy and obey her father, she would be the best friend to her in the world and be like another mother, and would obtain for her anything she could ask, and that if she wished to come to court she would be exempted from holding the tail of her gown.”

Anne Shelton constantly implores Mary to consider these matters; Mary replies there is no daughter in the world who would be more obedient to her father in what she could do “saving her honour and conscience.”

Mary sends to Chapuys saying it seems the king will shortly send a number of his councillors to force her to take the oath. She requests him to tell her what to reply.

Mary writes twice to ask Chapuys to visit her.

c.20th January – Chapuys sends to Mary letters Charles V wrote to Katherine of Aragon, as well as a letter Mary of Hungary wrote to her. Anne Shelton refuses to let Chapuys’s servant speak to Mary, telling him she is forbidden to let anyone speak with her without bringing a letter or token from the king.

Anne offers to let Chapuys’s servant see Mary provided he promise not to say anything of it to anyone, but she does not dare allow him to converse with her. This courtesy was showed “because of the little presents which have been made to her in the past”, on advice by Mary.

Mary hears this conversation from her oratory, and shouts to Anne Shelton to “let him go, and that, please God, she would not see him or any other to the displeasure of her father the King.”

21st January – Chapuys receives a letter in return from Mary, saying the letters gave her ‘inestimable comfort’. She says her treatment grows worse and worse.

? – Mary tells Anne Shelton she does not care about offers made to her on her part, and would “rather die a hundred deaths than change her opinion or do anything against her honour and conscience.”

Anne Boleyn writes to Anne Shelton a letter “which might almost be called libel against the Princess”. Mary “has been laughing ever since.”

Chapuys suggests that, as a cover story for an escape, Mary should say she strongly desires entering religion provided she came to full age, especially considering that the King her father is expelling monks and nuns from monasteries who had entered such houses before that time (before they were of age). Mary approves of this ruse and means to put it into practise with additions.

The physician and apothecary of Queen Katherine visit Mary to tell her in detail the final illness and eventual death of her mother. They stay for two days. One of them gives a gold cross to Mary, left to her by her mother.

Mary is writing to Chapuys now more then ever, as on account of her mourning she remains mostly in her room alone.

Anne Boleyn writes a letter to her aunt Anne Shelton:

“Mrs. Shelton, my pleasure is that you do not further move the lady Mary to be towards the King's Grace otherwise than it pleases herself. What I have done has been more for charity than for anything the King or I care what road she takes, or whether she will change her purpose, for if I have a son, as I hope shortly, I know what will happen to her; and therefore, considering the Word of God, to do good to one's enemy, I wished to warn her before hand, because I have daily experience that the King's wisdom is such as not to esteem her repentance of her rudeness and unnatural obstinacy when she has no choice. By the law of God and of the King, she ought clearly to acknowledge her error and evil conscience if her blind affection had not so blinded her eyes that she will see nothing but what pleases herself. Mrs. Shelton, I beg you not to think to do me any pleasure by turning her from any of her wilful courses, because she could not do me [good] or evil; and do your duty about her according to the King's command, as I am assured you do.”

It is unknown if this was a ruse, as it was left in Mary’s oratory. Mary transcribes it and then replaces it where she found it.

29th January – Anne Boleyn’s miscarriages a son.

Mary is to be moved in six days to a different house; thus any escape plans made will no longer work.

? – When changing her lodging she is better accompanied on her removal and provided with what was necessary to her than she ever has been before. King gives her 100,000 crowns to distribute alms along the way. It is rumoured that the King means to increase her train and exalt her position.

Anne Shelton, her daughters and a niece continually question a lady who is intimate with Mary about whether she knows the news of Anne Boleyn’s miscarriage.

Plans continue for Mary’s escape.

16th February – Mary believes it will be easy to escape from the house if she has something sent to her to drug her women. She would have to pass by Anne Shelton’s window but once out of the house could find a way to break or open the garden gate. She “is so eager to escape from all her troubles and dangers that if he [Chapuys] were to advise her to cross the Channel in a sieve she would do it”. She does not think she is guarded, but she may be without knowing.

She is sure she will be removed around Easter to a more convenient house.

She is continually begging Chapuys to ask the Emperor to remedy the situation in England, which she fears will be too late for her. She is daily preparing for death.

Chapuys, however, believes the situation now is not as bad as it was before.

24th February – Mary writes to Chapuys asking him to write to Charles V to remedy her case.

25th February – Mary tells Chapuys that Cromwell has sent her, by the King, for a little cross her mother ordered to be taken to Mary after her death.

18th March – Cromwell sends back the cross to Mary, finding it of little value. Apart from this, she has still received nothing her mother bequeathed to her on her death.

25th April – Nicholas Carew and other persons of the privy chamber send to tell Mary “to be of good cheer, for shortly the opposite party would put water in their wine as the King was already sick and tired of the concubine as could be.”

? – Mary tells Chapuys to watch the proceedings and if possible help to accomplish the said divorce,“were it for no other purpose than for the King’s honour and the relief of his conscience.”

2nd May - Anne Boleyn is arrested.

5th May – Mary is removed to Hunsdon and honourably accompanied both by the servants of Elizabeth and several gentlemen who came of their own accord. Many of her old servants and maids went to her upon the news of Anne Boleyn’s arrest. Anne Shelton allows them to remain, but Mary is warned by Chapuys not to accept or retain anyone but those given by the King.

19th May – Anne Boleyn is executed.

Believing she is restored to favour now Anne Boleyn is dead, Mary writes a series of letters to Cromwell and her father.

26th May – Mary writes to Cromwell.

“Master Secretary, I would have been a suitor to you before this time to have been a mean for me to the King's Grace to have obtained his Grace's blessing and favor; but I perceived that nobody durst speak for me as long as that woman lived, which is now gone; whom I pray our Lord of His great mercy to forgive." Is now the bolder to write, desiring him for the love of God to be a suitor for her to the King, to have his blessing and leave to write to his Grace. Apologises for her evil writing; "for I have not done so much this two year and more, nor could not have found the means to do it at this time but by my lady Kingston’s being here.” Hunsdon, 26 May.

It is alleged the reason Mary Kingston was there is to deliver a message from the now dead Anne, apologising for her treatment of her.

30th May – Henry marries Jane Seymour.

Mary writes again to Cromwell.

Thanks him for the great pain and labor he has taken in obtaining for her her father's blessing and licence to write to him,—the two highest comforts that ever came to her. Begs him to continue in suit for her. Will be as obedient to the King as can reasonably be expected, and hopes his Grace will not only withdraw his displeasure but license her to come to his presence, which she desires above all worldly things. Begs Cromwell to be her petitioner, "for the love of Him that all comfort sendeth." Can write no more for the rheum in her head, and begs credence for bearer. Hownsdon, 30 May.

1st June – Mary writes to her father.

Begs as humbly as child can for his daily blessing—her chief desire in this world. Acknowledges all her offences since she had first discretion to offend till this hour, and begs forgiveness. Will submit to him in all things next to God, "humbly beseeching your Highness to consider that I am but a woman, and your child, who hath committed her soul only to God, and her body to be ordered in this world as it shall stand with your pleasure." Rejoices to hear of the marriage between his Grace and the Queen now being. Desires leave to wait upon the latter and do her Grace service. Trusts to Henry's mercy to come into his presence. As he has always shown pity, "as much or more than any prince christened," hopes he will show it to his humble and obedient daughter. Prays God to send him a prince. Hounsdon, 1 June.

? - Lord Morley, father of Jane Boleyn, visits Mary.

? - Anne Hussey, her former lady in waiting and wife to her former chamberlain John, visits Mary for 2 days. During this visit, Anne calls for a drink “for the Princess,” and says "the Princess is gone in walking.”

7th June – Mary writes to Cromwell.

Good Mr. Secretary, I think so long to hear some comfort from the King's grace, my father, whereby I may perceive his Grace of his princely goodness and fatherly pity to have accepted my letter and withdrawn his displeasure towards me, that nature moveth me to be so bold to send his Grace a token, which my servant, this bearer, hath to deliver to you." Begs he will find means that the King may send her a token, which will be her greatest comfort till she is permitted to come to his presence. [From Hownsdon the 7 of J]une.

8th June – Mary writes to her father again.

Begs his daily blessing. Though she understands, to her inestimable comfort, that he has forgiven all her offences and withdrawn his displeasure long time conceived against her, her joy will not be full till she is allowed to come to his presence. Begs pardon for her continual suit and rude writing, for nature will suffer her to do no otherwise. Hopes God will preserve him and the Queen, and send them a prince. Hownsdon, 8 June.

9th? June - Cromwell replies, advising Mary.

10th June – Mary writes to Cromwell.

I send by the bearer, my servant, "both the King's Highness' letter, sealed, and the copy of the same, again to you." You will see I have followed your advice, and will do so in all things concerning my duty to the King, God and my conscience not offended; for I take you as one of my chief friends next his Grace and the Queen. I desire you, for Christ's passion, to find means that I be not moved to any further entry in this matter than I have done; for I assure you I have done the utmost my conscience will suffer me, and I neither desire nor intend to do less than I have done. "But if I be put to any more (I am plain with you as with my great friend) my said conscience will in no ways suffer me to consent thereunto." Except in this point, neither you nor any other shall be more desirous to have me obey the King than I shall be ready to do so. I had rather lose my life than displease him. I beg you to take this letter in good part. I would not have troubled you so much, but that the end of your letter caused me a little to fear I shall have more business hereafter. Hownsdon, 10 June.

She enclosed another letter to her father with this, based on Cromwell’s advice:

Begs his daily blessing. Has already, she trusts, obtained forgiveness on her suit, with licence to write to him; but hopes for some token or message of reconciliation, and that she may obtain her fervent desire of access to his presence. Excuses her importunity. Begs him to accept his penitent child, who henceforth puts her state and living in his mercy, next to Almighty God, under whatever conditions. Prays God preserve him and the Queen, and send them a prince. Hownsdon, 10 June.

? – Cromwell replies, stating “To be plain with you, I think you the most obstinate woman that ever was.”

He sends her “a book of articles to subscribe” as well as a draft letter for her to send to the king.

13th June – Mary writes to Cromwell again.

Good Mr. Secretary, I do thank you with all my heart for the great pain and suit you have had for me." I see by your letters that you mislike my exception in my letter to the King. I assure you I did not mean it as you take it, "for I do not mistrust that the King's goodness will move me to do anything which should offend God and my conscience. But that which I did write was only by the reason of continual custom; for I have always used both in writing and speaking to except God in all things. Nevertheless, because you have exhorted me to write to his Grace again, and I cannot devise what I should write more but your own last copy without adding or minishing, therefore I do send you by this bearer, my servant, the same, word for word; and it is unsealed, because I cannot endure to write another copy. For the pain in my head and teeth hath troubled me so sore these two or three days, and doth yet so continue, that I have very small rest, day or night." I trust in your goodness that the King may accept this; for I have no one to make suit to or ask counsel of but you. Hownsdon, 13 June.

14th June – Mary writes to her father again; presumably this is Cromwell’s letter he wrote for her which he believed was more suitable.

Notwithstanding her submission, and that she has twice written to his Highness, has not yet obtained her fervent desire or any piece of the same, to her intolerable discomfort. Is enforced to cry to his merciful ears, and, prostrate at his feet, implore him to put apart his displeasure. His grace has never been wanting to those who repented, and who did not offend by malice but by youth, frailty, and ignorance. Has no hope but in Henry's blessed nature. Begs him to accept her repentance, and means to use herself henceforth so that he shall have no cause to be displeased with her. Prays God to preserve him and the Queen, and send them issue. Hunsdon, 14 June.

? – Chapuys reports that:

“When the Princess, having written several good letters to the King her father, and to this Queen, expected to be out of trouble, trusting to the hope held out to her, she found herself in the most extreme perplexity and danger she had ever been in, and not only herself, but all her principal friends.”

Henry sends the Duke of Norfolk, the Earl of Sussex, the Bishop of Chester [Roland Lee] and several others to press her to sign the act bastardising her, calling her a “monster of nature” and “a traitress [who] should be punished”. Finding they could not persuade her, they continued to threaten her. One says:

“she was such an unnatural daughter, he could hardly believe she was the King’s own bastard daughter. Were she his or any other man’s daughter he would beat her to death, or strike her head against the wall until he made it as soft as a boiled apple.”

Mary finds a way to send Chapuys “immediate information of everything.” She begs him “not to leave her without counsel in her extreme necessity.”

Chapuys tells her that if she finds evidence her life is in danger “to consent to her father's wish.” He assures her that it is Charles V’s advice, and that “to save her life, on which depended the peace of the realm and the redress of the great disorders which prevail here, she must do everything and dissemble for some time.”

Anne Shelton receives orders not to allow Mary to speak a word to anyone, and to watch over so that she should never be left alone day or night.

The chief servant of Mary “who knows all her secrets” is kept at Cromwell’s house for two days.

Anne Hussey is taken to the Tower and interrogated for the crime of calling her Princess when she visited in early June. She insists she had called Mary Princess “merely by inadvertence.”

Nicholas Carew, Francis Bryan and Anthony Browne are questioned by the privy council about their opinions regarding Mary and her legitimacy.

Henry Courtenay and William Fitzwilliam “being suspected of favouring the cause of the Princess” are dismissed from the council.

The King calls judges “to proceed at once to the legal inquiry, and sentence the case by contumacy, as usual in the culprit's absence.”

The new queen, Jane Seymour, prays and exerts Henry to reconsider, but she “was rudely repulsed.”

Henry swears “in a great passion, that not only the Princess should suffer, but also the Marquis [Henry Courtenay], Cromwell, and several others.”

Cromwell “considers himself a dead man.”

The judges, “in spite of threats” refuse to proceed, and “advised that a writing should be sent to the Princess, and that if she refused to sign it, they should proceed against her.”

Mary, “being informed from various quarters how matters stood” finally gives in and signs the following document without reading it:

The confession of me, the lady Mary, made upon certain points and articles under written, in the which, as I do now plainly and with all mine heart confess and declare mine inward sentence, belief, and judgement, with a due conformity of obedience to the laws of the realm; so minding for ever to persist and continue in this determination, without change, alteration, or variance, I do most humbly beseech the King's Highness, my father, whom I have obstinately and inobediently offended in the denial of the same heretofore, to forgive mine offences therein, and to take me to his most gracious mercy.

1. Acknowledges the King as her Sovereign, submits to all his laws like a true subject, and will maintain them to her power.

2. Acknowledges him as Supreme Head of the Church of England under Christ, and repudiates the pretended authority of the bishop of Rome, renouncing every advantage she may claim thereby.

3. Acknowledges the marriage between the King and her mother, the late Princess Dowager, to have been by God's law and man's law incestuous and unlawful.

After signing, Mary falls “into a state of despondency and sorrow.”

The aftermath of Mary submitting to her father would affect her for the rest of her life. In her first parliament as queen she revoked the act declaring her parent’s marriage invalid and made herself legitimate again. She also returned England to Rome and burnt Thomas Cranmer at the stake, the Archbishop of Canterbury who had officiated the marriage between Henry and Anne.

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queenmarytudor · 7 years

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Mary’s allies #5 - Nicholas Carew

Nicholas Carew was born around 1496, and in his youth was one of the best friends of the future King Henry VIII. He distinguished himself particularly in the lists, with Hans Holbein later painting a portrait of himself in full armour (See below). Nicholas gained a reputation as a “reprobate”, leading to Thomas Wolsey labelling him and the rest of Henry’s closest friends as “youths of evil counsel”. Despite this, his absence from court was not long, and in July 1522 he was promoted to Master of Horse. After this he was often sent on diplomatic missions to France, becoming highly regarded by Francis I.

A distant relative to Anne Boleyn through their common ancestor Lord Thomas Hoo, as Anne rose in favour Nicholas too remained close to the King. In June 1531, as Henry publicly left Catherine of Aragon to spend the summer with Anne, Eustace Chapuys noted that:

“He (the King) had already left Windsor and other places to pass the time, having only in his company the lady (Anne Boleyn), the master of horse (Nicholas Carew) and two others”.

As early as 1532 however, Nicholas began to turn away from Anne and actively work against her, reporting news to Spanish Ambassador Chapuys:

“The Marchioness of Exeter has sent Chapuys a letter, not signed, but either from her husband (Henry Courtenay) or the Grand Esquire (Nicholas Carew) saying that he had heard from Gregory Casale, who has been negotiating with cardinals Grammont and Tournon, whom the two Kings are sending to Rome, that one of their principal charges is to summon the Pope to declare immediately that the divorce should be pronounced.”

This continued over the next years, with Nicolas meeting Chapuys in person in 1534 to tell him that:

“I have learned from the Master of the Horse that when the Lady began to complain of the said young lady, because she did not do either in word or deed the reverence she expected, the King went away from her very angry, complaining of her importunity.”

The King’s anger would also flare a year later; in July 1535 it was reported that “the King wishes to kill his fool because he spoke well of the Queen and Princess. He has been banished from Court.” Nicholas later sheltered the fool in his own home, leading to speculation that he had coached the man into saying his personal thoughts.

Despite working against the King, Nicholas was still rising high, receiving a position in the Order of the Garter “to the great disappointment of Rochford (George Boleyn), who was seeking for it, and all the more because the Concubine has not had sufficient influence to get it for her brother.”

Indeed, while he rose higher then his cousins, he was actively promoting the rise of Henry’s third wife - Jane Seymour in 1536. Chapuys wrote to Charles V that Nicholas “continually counsels Mrs. Semel (Jane Seymour) and other conspirators”. As well as encouraging Jane on how to gain the affections of the King, Nicholas was also encouraging Princess Mary. He sent her a message “to tell the Princess to be of good cheer, for shortly the opposite party would put water in their wine, for the King was already as sick and tired of the concubine as could be.”

Shortly after this, he was arrested and interrogated in the Tower of London with several others. Sir Anthony Browne is recorded as saying in his examination that:

“Mr Carow. showed him lately that he had received a letter from the lady Mary, as he supposes, and thereupon decl[ared] that Mr. Secretary had written a letter [to] her, advising her to submit to th[e King], and showed him that she would so do, [as] he understood; whereupon the said Sir An[thony] prayed God to give her grace so to [do]; whereunto the said Mr. Carowe said, if [she will] not submit herself she is undone, for the King is a merciful prince, and [will] take pity of her, if she will now l[eave her] obstinacy, and cast not herself away.”

While he was released shortly after and even played a prominent part in Prince Edward’s christening in 1537, it would not be long before he was arrested again - and this time he would not be so lucky. On the 31st of December 1538 “the Grand Escuyer, master Caro, was taken prisoner to the Tower, and the moment his arrest was ordered commissioners went to seize all his goods in his houses.”

He was suspected of being part of the Exeter conspiracy - a so-called plot to remove King Henry VIII from the throne and replace him with Princess Mary, who would marry Edward Courtenay or Reginald Pole - two men who carried distant royal blood in their veins. The King himself stated in a letter that “by the Cardinal's counsel, his brother Montague and Exeter conspired to destroy the King and Prince and the ladies Mary and Elizabeth, and usurp the whole rule” and “after their execution it was found, by their letters, that Sir Nich. Carew was one of the chief of that faction.”

Eustace Chapuys was told that “the cause of the Escuyer's arrest was a letter found in the coffer of the Marchioness, by which he informed her of some conversations held in the King's chamber; also that the principal thing that had been required of him since his imprisonment was to testify something against the Marquis.”

Nicholas clearly cooperated, as Chapuys later notes “I am told that, in the hope of pardon, he had already revealed several things against both himself and the Marquis; but nothing has been specified.”

Nicholas’s loyalty to Princess Mary was clearly still evident, as “if any letter of the said Escuyer is found in the possession of the said Marchioness it will be matters concerning the said Princess, of whom the said Escuyer has always shown himself a most devoted servant.”

It is generally agreed the evidence that led to Nicholas Carew’s death was weak, and over-exaggerated to get rid of one of the Princess’s chief supporters. At his trial on the 14th February 1539 it was stated that “said Marquis [Henry Courtenay] at that or other times sent divers traitorous letters to the said Carewe from Westhorseley which the said Carewe traitorously received, which letters they afterwards, to conceal their treason, traitorously burnt.”

Despite his plea of not guilty, Nicholas was found guilty of high treason against the King. On the 3rd of March he was beheaded. In a letter dated the 8th of March, John Butler wrote “Nic. Carew, late master of the Horse, was brought to punishment. As he was led to execution, he exhorted all to study the evangelical books, as he had fallen by hatred to the Gospel.”

With his death, yet another of Princess Mary’s close friends was lost to her, a man who had never stopped fighting for and believing in her and her right as Henry’s heir. As Chapuys stated, “It would seem they wish to leave her as few [devoted servants] such as possible.”

#nicholas carew #tudor #mary i

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