#autonomic dysreflexia

[space-1z-cool]

Happy Dysautonomia Awareness month. To all people with dysautonomia, i hope your dysautonomia makes you less aware of itself this month.

to all chronically ill and disabled people ever, (gives you so many spoons), here. for these trying times.

also i hope ur able to get a treatment plan that works and doctors that listen. o7

[nonsensi-cal-lyrics]

Today on: what BS is AD pulling? My J extension cap was stuck in my waistband making me nauseous. The more ya know lol

[limbiclown]

Me

I can’t breath

[limbiclown]

The doctor gets to make a bunch of money and go on vacations and stay known for being the “best” and spread misinformation to people about their bodies his whole life while I am stuck here in bed trying to figure out how to ease the pulsing pain spreading through my body that originates from my spine that he fractured (uncalled for) and gets inexplicably worse when I have to pee

[cripplecharacters]

Hello! I intend to write a main character who is a wheelchair user due to an accident that was fatal to others but not them. I have a problem with deducting the limitations of the disability. Theyre an artist but after the injury they lost some mobility with their hands and since theyre a main character i will give them a romantic interest but im not sure how to make the genitelia function. The hands being limited mobility is important but also their ability to have sex is too. Is this possible or if someone has partial feeling in their hands the genitelia also has problems or can it function fully, would there be other problems regarding sex? How long would the physical therapy period be after the injury? Would they be able to use a regular computer mouse easily or would they need another device? They dont live in an accessible state so what type of chair would they use? Can they transfer from their chair by themselves perhaps? Would they experience chronic pain anywhere in their body or would there be no feeling at all? I want to write the character right so i would appreciate it very much if you answered my ask, thank you

Hey!

It depends on what the accident actually did. I'm gonna assume quadriplegia since that's what it sounds like, but I could be wrong. Since we don't currently have quadriplegic mods I'll just answer for the technical parts but if this is an important character to the story I recommend you get a sensitivity reader if you want to get it right and not just "not medically incorrectly".

Is this possible or if someone has partial feeling in their hands the genitelia also has problems or can it function fully, would there be other problems regarding sex?

Generally speaking, most quadriplegics will have their genitals affected fully or partially depending on the completeness of their injury. However, working 100% as before the injury would be rare.

The one problem that affects all quadriplegics (and some paraplegics) is autonomic dysreflexia, which is essentially a sudden medical emergency caused by a blood pressure rise from too much stimulation. Genital stimulation could potentially cause this and your character would be aware of if they have any knowledge on their condition. Another problem that will affect the extreme majority will be absent/significantly decreased sensation. That doesn't mean that they can't have sex, but they might not feel anything at all there or not feel enough for the entire thing to be pleasurable. For more specific problems, you'd have to consider what set of genitals your character has. People with penises are more likely to cause issues that complicate things a lot (complete erectile dysfunction, inability to ejaculate), than people with a vulva (inability to lubricate). The one exception would be if they have vaginal spasms, which might make penetrative sex physically impossible and/or very painful. Again, this doesn't mean the inability to have sex in general, just requires some changes. Changing focus from genitals to other erogenous zones etc.

You can read about it more here and here. This is also useful but long and uses medical language. Just be aware that it doesn't really factor in trans people and potential differences people on HRT may have.

How long would the physical therapy period be after the injury?

This depends on a lot of things. Depending on what you consider physical therapy, they might do PT indefinitely. SCI is a permanent injury and if it's complete, PT is good to keep it from getting worse (e.g. preventing muscles from contracting), and if it's incomplete then it can also be about potentially restoring more function (how some paralyzed people are eventually able to walk again, it's not a miracle, it's PT). PT can be the in-patient kind that they would probably spend a few months in, out-patient which could be months to a few years, and simple at-home exercises that they could probably do indefinitely (as mentioned), for example passive range of motion exercises.

If the character has specific goals, they will probably go to therapy longer for that specifically. It could be PT, but it could also be occupational therapy. You can read more here or here.

Would they be able to use a regular computer mouse easily or would they need another device?

They probably could. (I recommend this guy's channel for other similar questions like this, he explains them very well).

They dont live in an accessible state so what type of chair would they use?

The type of chair would depend more on their actual needs than the accessibility of the environment. However if you want to specifically factor that in, a light-weight wheelchair would be better so it can be physically moved up the stairs, transported by car, etc.

Can they transfer from their chair by themselves perhaps?

At the start almost definitely no, after some rehab, maybe. If you have your character's level of injury figure out you can search (e.g.) "c6 sci transfer" and see how various people do it. Some can do it by themselves, others need a sliding board, and many can't do it at all. It also depends on factors like weight and age.

Would they experience chronic pain anywhere in their body or would there be no feeling at all?

They would definitely experience at least some chronic pain. It'd be very unusual if they didn't (without being strongly medicated). They'd almost definitely have back pain at the very least.

These two are also not exclusive - you can absolutely have pain in areas without actual sensation (I do). It's because of nerve damage and the nerves firing off incorrectly, so a light touch could be unperceivable, but cause shock-like pain.

I know this wasn't one of the questions, but they could still be an artist as a quadriplegic. They could potentially paint with their mouth or tape a brush to their hand in order to draw.

Hope this helps,

mod Sasza

[crippled-peeper]

Autonomic dysreflexia is a condition characterized by sudden changes in autonomic functions such as blood pressure, heart rate, and body temperature. It most commonly occurs after spinal cord injuries (SCI) at the T6 level or higher; however, it may also occur in individuals with other types of neurological conditions

[limbiclown]

Not to be controversial but my doctors were fucking around not figuring stuff out so I googled my symptoms and went on a several hour online tangent and figured out I Probably* have autonomic dysreflexia weeks before the doctors did. I went to an appointment and after a few hours someone finally thought of it and I was like “yeah I figured that out like three weeks ago…”

Unless I don’t have it then we’re just all wrong lmao

Don't google any symptoms. Ever.

[smalife1234]

Our newest video! Has many things that happened! It's action packed and we would really love if you'd view it!

↓

https://youtu.be/eljWyi18ihY?si=bpJU9F0NLrLpMaD9

Img desc #1: shows Emmie overheated with her white long-sleeved shirt buttoned to help her cool down she is near a bed

Img desc #2: shows a skinwalker background image with the skinwalker circled with red text above it saying "Skin Walker Sighting" Doc seen left of the image is seen looking scared she is wearing a grey short-sleeved shirt there is a large red arrow seen in doc's hands pointing towards the skinwalker Emmie see right of the image is seen overheated she has a long-sleeved white shirt on. The shirt is unbuttoned. She is seen with her face red from Autonomic dysreflexia there is the white text just below Emmie's image and it says "+ overheating"

[turbotaxevasion]

Happy Disability Pride Month!

In honor of the shift from LGBTQ Pride Month to Disability Pride Month, I’m going to bring awareness to some underrepresented and underinformed disabilities as a queer and disabled artist/writer. These are all disorders that I have come across among friends and acquaintances. Every disorder I discuss must have a clinical diagnosis in order to be treated. You should only be self-diagnosing if you plan on going to a doctor to confirm your speculations. Do not self-diagnose if you are not willing to confirm with a medical professional. This post is not to diagnose you.

Big Trigger Warning: Discussions of psychological disorders like E/Ds, depression, and personality disorders. 

Dysautonomia

Any disorder relating to the autonomic (involuntary) nervous system

POTS

I have this! It is a nervous system disorder that affects heart rate and blood pressure because your nervous system does not allow your muscles to properly circulate blood, especially through the legs. Some symptoms include elevated heart rate, chest pain, low or high blood pressure, fatigue, changes in body temperature, and dizziness or fainting. POTS is more common in AFAB people than AMAB.

Amyloidosis

Amyloidosis is a disorder that occurs when a protein known as amyloid builds up in the organs. Amyloidosis is closely related to dysautonomia and chronic pain syndromes such as Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome because of the comorbid symptoms. These symptoms include edema, purpura around the eyes, skin that bruises easily, and fatigue.

Frey’s Syndrome

A neurological disorder closely related to dysautonomia that causes excessive sweating while eating. There are very few solutions to this disorder and even fewer of them are known to work.

Mitochondrial Syndrome

Mitochondrial diseases occur when there are genetic mutations and deformations to the mitochondria in cells that directly influence how the organelle produces energy. People with mitochondrial diseases can have poor growth, muscle weakness, seizures, visual and / or hearing problems, learning disabilities, and may develop kidney, liver, or heart disease.

Autonomic Dysreflexia

Autonomic dysreflexia is a disorder that causes abnormal overreactions of the autonomic nervous system. Symptoms include elevated heart rate, excessive sweating, and high blood pressure.

Chronic Pain

Any disorder relating to long-lasting pain surrounding any part of the body.

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

I have this one too! Patellofemoral pain syndrome is a chronic pain syndrome in which muscles in the lower extremities are too weak to support patellar (kneecap) movement. Thus, the patella (kneecap) will not track right. this causes lots of issues with walking.

Scoliosis

I also have this one! Scoliosis is defined as a physical disorder in which the spine is not a straight vertical line. There is either an “S” or “J” curve in the spine, compressing it and causing sharp or aching back pain.

Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction

TMJ causes pain and tenderness in jaw joints and surrounding muscles and ligaments. Symptoms of TMJ include jaw stiffness, limited movement and locking of the jaw, ringing in ears, and dizziness.

Myofascial Pain Syndrome

This is a chronic muscular pain disorder. Typically, this pain is confined to one specific area, such as the neck or shoulders.

Fibromyalgia

A chronic disorder that causes pain and tenderness throughout the body, as well as fatigue. People with fibromyalgia can also have depression, anxiety, and trouble with memory and concentration.

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome

EDS is a group of disorders that affect connective tissues that support the skin, bones, blood vessels, organs, and other tissues. Symptoms of EDS include stretchy, translucent skin, loose joints, and chronic pain. 

Arthritis

Arthritis is defined as inflammation in one or more joints causing stiffness and pain. There are many different kinds of arthritis, each with different causes. These causes can include wear over time, infections, and underlying diseases.

Neurological Disorders

Any disorder relating to the brain and how it functions.

Seizure Disorders

Epilepsy

Epilepsy is a disorder of the brain characterized by repeated seizures. People with epilepsy can experience multiple kinds of seizures and can experience symptoms such as confusion, staring spells, stiff muscles, and loss of consciousness.

Cerebrovascular Diseases

Functional Neurological Disorder

Functional Neurological Disorder is essentially a stroke mimic. It can replicate the symptoms of a stroke, such as limb weakness, numbness, and speech disturbance.

Migraines

Lots of people have migraines and I am no exception. Migraines are caused by excessive blood flow to the brain. Migraines affect more than 10% of people worldwide and are 3 times more likely to affect AFAB people than AMAB people.

Psychological Disorders

Any disorders affecting mood, thinking, and behavior. I will not be discussing my mental disorders on the internet. Most people are familiar with what these are and what they look like, so I will instead be providing statistics for each one.

Anxiety Disorders

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) affects 6.8 million adults. Only 43.2% of those adults are receiving treatment. AFAB are twice as likely to be affected (Anxiety Disorders Association of America).

Panic disorder (PD) affects 6 million adults. AFAB are twice as likely to be affected (Anxiety Disorders Association of America) .

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) affects 2.5 million adults. AFAB are 3x more likely to be affected (Anxiety Disorders Association of America) .

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) affects 7.7 million adults. AFAB are 5x more likely to be affected (Anxiety Disorders Association of America) .

Depression 

Approximately 280 million people in the world have depression. AFAB are twice as likely to develop depression (World Health Organization). 

Bipolar Disorder

4.4% of US adults experience bipolar disorder in their lives (National Institute of Health).

Personality Disorders

It is estimated that 9% of US adults have at least one personality disorder (American Psychiatric Association).

Eating Disorders (TW)

Eating Disorders affect 9% of the population worldwide (National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders).

BIPOC are significantly less likely than white people to be asked by a doctor about eating disorder symptoms (National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders).

Black teenagers are 50% more likely than white teenagers to exhibit bulimic behaviors (National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders).

Rates of body dissatisfaction were higher among transgender and nonbinary youth (90%) compared to cisgender youth (80%) (National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders).

[lairn]

Okay, I’m in the gap between school and fieldwork so I’m responsible for my own education for a couple weeks. Things I wanna prioritize:

-read up on spinal cord injuries (precautions and interventions) to reduce my nerves about autonomic dysreflexia

-get a better sense what intramedullary nailing entails since its an expertise of my supervisor

-review precautions and interventions for various ortho ailments

-try out hades

-start a new minecraft world

[als145]

Me and my wife rarely wear hoodies and there's a big reason for that.

Me and my wife are both Quadriplegics. I am a Quadriplegic at the C3 -C4-C5-C8-T1-T10 level and my wife is a Quadriplegic at the C4-C5-C6-T1 Level and we both have issues with temperature regulation and we have trouble sweating or knowing what our chills mean (we get Autonomic dysreflexia causing us to have chills sometimes) so we don't always know when to wear a hoodie or a coat.

Well thankfully we do have some sensation I can feel when it's cold by my face and my top hand and my half thumb, my half hand has been really useful since I don't (physically cannot) wear gloves 🧤 and so when I drive my joystick which involves my hands I can feel the cold breeze on my hand thankfully I can't exactly feel a cold joystick because I don't have sensation in my fingers or the inside of my palm.

My wife, however, has a tad bit more sensation than me. She can feel her top arms and a bit of her front torso. We're talking from the top shoulder to maybe the top of the armpit, so not a lot, but still way more sensation! So she can feel how cold it is way faster than I might be able to but this doesn't mean she or I cannot wear a jacket just because we don't feel it.

We have to take precautions just like everyone else does! So we don't get frostbite or our AD doesn't act up!

Just to end this random rant/post, we wore a hoodie today, which is something we don't often do! But we were fine the whole day except for the time when I left my computer bag at home, oops! (That was this morning)

[nonsensi-cal-lyrics]

I think it's stupid and evil that cold can be a trigger for autonomic dysreflexia

[the-reality-revolution]

RJ Spina Accessing Super Consciousness

It is always good to speak with RJ and there is nobody like him. In this  interview we focus on his amazing new book Access Super Consciousness  RJ Spina has devoted his adult life to teaching people how to raise  their frequency, improve the quality of their life, heal themselves, and experience the blissful state of truly being free.  

He’d spent the better part of his life exploring profound metaphysical  truths through his own higher consciousness exploration, but it was  waking up from emergency life-saving surgery still permanently paralyzed  from chest-down paralysis that awakened him to the highest truth he’d  ever encountered: he could heal himself and walk again. It was something  that he instantaneously knew. And he knew how he would do it.  

"My body was destroyed, but I was free. It was as if my old operating  system of awareness had been replaced with a greatly enhanced model with  far greater receptivity, bandwidth, and processing ability. I knew  immediately and precisely how I would heal myself. I was in a state of  Grace and cosmic consciousness. I was truly free. " 

Within two months RJ was walking with the help of a physical therapist.  On the one hundredth day after surgery, just as he had originally  predicted on the very first day after emergency life-saving surgery, he  was walking on his own. All the conditions he’d been diagnosed  with—diabetes, pancreatitis,Hashimoto’s disease, hypothyroidism, and a  syndrome called autonomic dysreflexia—had been resolved.   RJ has helped countless people. He has written dozens of articles about  consciousness, the Greater Reality, meditation, the ability to project  one’s consciousness, and the nature of the Self. He teaches meditation, self-realization, self-healing, and how to become a healer to seekers  around the world.

[nursingscience]

160 NURSING BULLETS: Medical-Surgical Nursing Reviewer

1. Bone scan is done by injecting radioisotope per IV and then x-rays are taken.

2. To prevent edema on the site of sprain, apply cold compress on the area for the first 24 hours.

3. To turn the client after lumbar Laminectomy, use the logrolling technique.

4. Carpal tunnel syndrome occurs due to the injury of median nerve.

5. Massaging the back of the head is specifically important for the client with Crutchfield tong.

6. A one-year-old child has a fracture of the left femur. He is placed in Bryant’s traction. The reason for elevation of his both legs at 90º angle is his weight isn’t adequate to provide sufficient countertraction, so his entire body must be used.

7. Swing-through crutch gait is done by advancing both crutches together and the client moves both legs past the level of the crutches.

8. The appropriate nursing measure to prevent displacement of the prosthesis after a right total hip replacement for arthritis is to place the patient in the position of right leg abducted.

9. Pain on non-use of joints, subcutaneous nodules and elevated ESR are characteristic manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis.

10. Teaching program of a patient with SLE should include emphasis on walking in shaded area.

11. Otosclerosis is characterized by replacement of normal bones by spongy and highly vascularized bones.

12. Use of high-pitched voice is inappropriate for the client with hearing impairment.

13. Rinne’s test compares air conduction with bone conduction.

14. Vertigo is the most characteristic manifestation of Meniere’s disease.

15. Low sodium is the diet for a client with Meniere’s disease.

16. A client who had cataract surgery should taught to call his MD if he has eye pain.

17. Risk for Injury takes priority for a client with Meniere’s disease.

18. Irrigate the eye with sterile saline is the priority nursing intervention when the client has a foreign body protruding from the eye.

19. Snellen’s Test assesses visual acuity.

20. Presbyopia is an eye disorder characterized by lessening of the effective powers of accommodation.

21. The primary problem in cataract is blurring of vision.

22. The primary reason for performing iridectomy after cataract extraction is to prevent secondary glaucoma.

23. In acute glaucoma, the obstruction of the flow of aqueous humor is caused by displacement of the iris.

24. Glaucoma is characterized by irreversible blindness.

25. Hyperopia is corrected by convex lens.

26. Pterygium is caused primarily by exposure to dust.

27. A sterile chronic granulomatous inflammation of the meibomian gland is chalazion.

28. The surgical procedure which involves removal of the eyeball is enucleation.

29. Romberg’s test is a test for balance or gait.

30. If the client with increased ICP demonstrates decorticate posturing, observe for flexion of elbows, extension of the knees, plantar flexion of the feet.

31. The nursing diagnosis that would have the highest priority in the care of the client who has become comatose following cerebral hemorrhage is Ineffective Airway Clearance.

32. The initial nursing action—for a client who is in the clonic phase of a tonic-clonic seizure��is to obtain equipment for orotracheal suctioning.

33. The first nursing intervention in a quadriplegic client who is experiencing autonomic dysreflexia is to elevate his head as high as possible.

34. Following surgery for a brain tumor near the hypothalamus, the nursing assessment should include observing for inability to regulate body temp.

35.Post-myelography (using metrizamide (Omnipaque) care includes keeping head elevated for at least 8 hours.

36. Homonymous hemianopsia is described by a client had CVA and can only see the nasal visual field on one side and the temporal portion on the opposite side.

37. Ticlopidine may be prescribed to prevent thromboembolic CVA.

38. To maintain airway patency during a stroke in evolution, have orotracheal suction available at all times.

39. For a client with CVA, the gag reflex must return before the client is fed.

40. Clear fluids draining from the nose of a client who had a head trauma 3 hours ago may indicate basilar skull fracture.

41. An adverse effect of gingival hyperplasia may occur during Phenytoin (DIlantin) therapy.

42. Urine output increased: best shows that the mannitol is effective in a client with increased ICP.

43. A client with C6 spinal injury would most likely have the symptom of quadriplegia.

44. Falls are the leading cause of injury in elderly people.

45. The client is for EEG this morning. Prepare him for the procedure by rendering hair shampoo, excluding caffeine from his meal and instructing the client to remain still during the procedure.

46. Primary prevention is true prevention. Examples are immunizations, weight control, and smoking cessation.

47. Secondary prevention is early detection. Examples include purified protein derivative (PPD), breast self-examination, testicular self-examination, and chest X-ray.

48. Tertiary prevention is treatment to prevent long-term complications.

49. On noticing religious artifacts and literature on a patient’s night stand, a culturally aware nurse would ask the patient the meaning of the items.

50. A Mexican patient may request the intervention of a curandero, or faith healer, who involves the family in healing the patient.

51. In an infant, the normal hemoglobin value is 12 g/dl.

52. A patient indicates that he’s coming to terms with having a chronic disease when he says something like: “I’m never going to get any better,” or when he exhibits hopelessness.

53. Most of the absorption of water occurs in the large intestine.

54. Most nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine.

55. When assessing a patient’s eating habits, the nurse should ask, “What have you eaten in the last 24 hours?”

56. A vegan diet should include an abundant supply of fiber.

57. A hypotonic enema softens the feces, distends the colon, and stimulates peristalsis.

58. First-morning urine provides the best sample to measure glucose, ketone, pH, and specific gravity values.

59. To induce sleep, the first step is to minimize environmental stimuli.

60. Before moving a patient, the nurse should assess the patient’s physical abilities and ability to understand instructions as well as the amount of strength required to move the patient.

61. To lose 1 lb (0.5 kg) in 1 week, the patient must decrease his weekly intake by 3,500 calories (approximately 500 calories daily). To lose 2 lb (1 kg) in 1 week, the patient must decrease his weekly caloric intake by 7,000 calories (approximately 1,000 calories daily).

62. To avoid shearing force injury, a patient who is completely immobile is lifted on a sheet.

63. To insert a catheter from the nose through the trachea for suction, the nurse should ask the patient to swallow.

64. Vitamin C is needed for collagen production.

65. Bananas, citrus fruits, and potatoes are good sources of potassium.

66. Good sources of magnesium include fish, nuts, and grains.

67. Beef, oysters, shrimp, scallops, spinach, beets, and greens are good sources of iron.

68. The nitrogen balance estimates the difference between the intake and use of protein.

69. A Hindu patient is likely to request a vegetarian diet.

70. No pork or pork products are allowed in a Muslim diet.

71. In accordance with the “hot-cold” system used by some Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and other Hispanic and Latino groups, most foods, beverages, herbs, and drugs are described as “cold.”

72. Milk is high in sodium and low in iron.

73. Discrimination is preferential treatment of individuals of a particular group. It’s usually discussed in a negative sense.

74. Increased gastric motility interferes with the absorption of oral drugs.

75. When feeding an elderly patient, the nurse should limit high-carbohydrate foods because of the risk of glucose intolerance.

76. When feeding an elderly patient, essential foods should be given first.

78. For the patient who abides by Jewish custom, milk and meat shouldn’t be served at the same meal.

79. Only the patient can describe his pain accurately.

80. Cutaneous stimulation creates the release of endorphins that block the transmission of pain stimuli.

81. Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is a safe method to relieve acute pain caused by surgical incision, traumatic injury, labor and delivery, or cancer.

82. An Asian-American or European-American typically places distance between himself and others when communicating.

83. Active euthanasia is actively helping a person to die.

84. Brain death is irreversible cessation of all brain function.

85. Passive euthanasia is stopping the therapy that’s sustaining life.

86. Voluntary euthanasia is actively helping a patient to die at the patient’s request.

87. A back rub is an example of the gate-control theory of pain.

88. Pain threshold, or pain sensation, is the initial point at which a patient feels pain.

89. The difference between acute pain and chronic pain is its duration.

90. Referred pain is pain that’s felt at a site other than its origin.

91. Alleviating pain by performing a back massage is consistent with the gate control theory.

92. Pain seems more intense at night because the patient isn’t distracted by daily activities.

93. Older patients commonly don’t report pain because of fear of treatment, lifestyle changes, or dependency.

94. Utilization review is performed to determine whether the care provided to a patient was appropriate and cost-effective.

95. A value cohort is a group of people who experienced an out-of-the-ordinary event that shaped their values.

96. A third-party payer is an insurance company.

97. Intrathecal injection is administering a drug through the spine.

98. When a patient asks a question or makes a statement that’s emotionally charged, the nurse should respond to the emotion behind the statement or question rather than to what’s being said or asked.

99–105. The steps of the trajectory-nursing model are as follows:

Step 1: Identifying the trajectory phase

Step 2: Identifying the problems and establishing goals

Step 3: Establishing a plan to meet the goals

Step 4: Identifying factors that facilitate or hinder attainment of the goals

Step 5: Implementing interventions

Step 6: Evaluating the effectiveness of the interventions

106–107. Two goals of Healthy People 2010 are:

▪️Help individuals of all ages to increase the quality of life and the number of years of optimal health

▪️Eliminate health disparities among different segments of the population.

108. A community nurse is serving as a patient’s advocate if she tells a malnourished patient to go to a meal program at a local park.

109. If a patient isn’t following his treatment plan, the nurse should first ask why.

110. When a patient is ill, it’s essential for the members of his family to maintain communication about his health needs.

110. Ethnocentrism is the universal belief that one’s way of life is superior to others’.

111. When a nurse is communicating with a patient through an interpreter, the nurse should speak to the patient and the interpreter.

112. Prejudice is a hostile attitude toward individuals of a particular group.

113. The three phases of the therapeutic relationship are orientation, working, and termination.

114. Patients often exhibit resistive and challenging behaviors in the orientation phase of the therapeutic relationship.

115. Abdominal assessment is performed in the following order: inspection, auscultation, palpation, and percussion.

116. When measuring blood pressure in a neonate, the nurse should select a cuff that’s no less than one-half and no more than two-thirds the length of the extremity that’s used.

117. When administering a drug by Z-track, the nurse shouldn’t use the same needle that was used to draw the drug into the syringe because doing so could stain the skin.

118. Sites for intradermal injection include the inner arm, the upper chest, and on the back, under the scapula.

119. When evaluating whether an answer on an examination is correct, the nurse should consider whether the action that’s described promotes autonomy (independence), safety, self-esteem, and a sense of belonging.

120. Veracity is truth and is an essential component of a therapeutic relationship between a health care provider and his patient.

121. Beneficence is the duty to do no harm and the duty to do good. There’s an obligation in patient care to do no harm and an equal obligation to assist the patient.

122. Nonmaleficence is the duty to do no harm.

123–128. Frye’s ABCDE cascade provides a framework for prioritizing care by identifying the most important treatment concerns.

A: Airway. This category includes everything that affects a patent airway, including a foreign object, fluid from an upper respiratory infection, and edema from trauma or an allergic reaction.

B: Breathing. This category includes everything that affects the breathing pattern, including hyperventilation or hypoventilation and abnormal breathing patterns, such as Korsakoff’s, Biot’s, or Cheyne-Stokes respiration.

C: Circulation. This category includes everything that affects the circulation, including fluid and electrolyte disturbances and disease processes that affect cardiac output.

D: Disease processes. If the patient has no problem with the airway, breathing, or circulation, then the nurse should evaluate the disease processes, giving priority to the disease process that poses the greatest immediate risk. For example, if a patient has terminal cancer and hypoglycemia, hypoglycemia is a more immediate concern.

E: Everything else. This category includes such issues as writing any incident report and completing the patient chart. When evaluating needs, this category is never the highest priority.

129. Rule utilitarianism is known as the “greatest good for the greatest number of people” theory.

130. Egalitarian theory emphasizes that equal access to goods and services must be provided to the less fortunate by an affluent society.

131. Before teaching any procedure to a patient, the nurse must assess the patient’s current knowledge and willingness to learn.

132. Process recording is a method of evaluating one’s communication effectiveness.

133. Whether the patient can perform a procedure (psychomotor domain of learning) is a better indicator of the effectiveness of patient teaching than whether the patient can simply state the steps involved in the procedure (cognitive domain of learning).

134. When communicating with a hearing impaired patient, the nurse should face him.

135. When a patient expresses concern about a health-related issue, before addressing the concern, the nurse should assess the patient’s level of knowledge.

136. Passive range of motion maintains joint mobility. Resistive exercises increase muscle mass.

137. Isometric exercises are performed on an extremity that’s in a cast.

138. Anything that’s located below the waist is considered unsterile; a sterile field becomes unsterile when it comes in contact with any unsterile item; a sterile field must be monitored continuously; and a border of 1″ (2.5 cm) around a sterile field is considered unsterile.

139. A “shift to the left” is evident when the number of immature cells (bands) in the blood increases to fight an infection.

140. A “shift to the right” is evident when the number of mature cells in the blood increases, as seen in advanced liver disease and pernicious anemia.

141. Before administering preoperative medication, the nurse should ensure that an informed consent form has been signed and attached to the patient’s record.

142. A nurse should spend no more than 30 minutes per 8-hour shift providing care to a patient who has a radiation implant.

143. A nurse shouldn’t be assigned to care for more than one patient who has a radiation implant.

144. Long-handled forceps and a lead-lined container should be available in the room of a patient who has a radiation implant.

145. Usually, patients who have the same infection and are in strict isolation can share a room.

146. Diseases that require strict isolation include chickenpox, diphtheria, and viral hemorrhagic fevers such as Marburg disease.

147–155. According to Erik Erikson, developmental stages are:

���Trust versus mistrust (birth to 18 months)

•Autonomy versus shame and doubt (18 months to age 3)

•Initiative versus guilt (ages 3 to 5)

•Industry versus inferiority (ages 5 to 12)

•Identity versus identity diffusion (ages 12 to 18)

•Intimacy versus isolation (ages 18 to 25)

•Generativity versus stagnation (ages 25 to 60), and

•Ego integrity versus despair (older than age 60).

156. An appropriate nursing intervention for the spouse of a patient who has a serious incapacitating disease is to help him to mobilize a support system.

157. The most effective way to reduce a fever is to administer an antipyretic, which lowers the temperature set point.

158–163. The Controlled Substances Act designated five categories, or schedules, that classify controlled drugs according to their abuse potential.

▪️Schedule I drugs, such as heroin, have a high abuse potential and have no currently accepted medical use in the United States.

▪️Schedule II drugs, such as morphine, opium, and meperidine (Demerol), have a high abuse potential, but currently have accepted medical uses. Their use may lead to physical or psychological dependence.

▪️Schedule III drugs, such as paregoric and butabarbital (Butisol), have a lower abuse potential than Schedule I or II drugs. Abuse of

▪️Schedule III drugs may lead to moderate or low physical or psychological dependence, or both.

▪️Schedule IV drugs, such as chloral hydrate, have a low abuse potential compared with Schedule III drugs.

▪️Schedule V drugs, such as cough syrups that contain codeine, have the lowest abuse potential of the controlled substances.

164. During lumbar puncture, the nurse must note the initial intracranial pressure and the color of the cerebrospinal fluid.

165. Cold packs are applied for the first 20 to 48 hours after an injury; then heat is applied. During cold application, the pack is applied for 20 minutes and then removed for 10 to 15 minutes to prevent reflex dilation (rebound phenomenon) and frostbite injury.

[rohans18]

Autonomic Dysreflexia Treatment Market Size, Reports, Demands, Share - Forecast 2028

Global Autonomic Dysreflexia Treatment Market, By Injury Type (Complete Spinal Cord Injury, Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury), Drug Type (Corticosteroids, Muscle Relaxants and Anti-spastic Drugs, Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAID’S), Anti-Depressants, Anticonvulsants, Others), Route of Administration (Oral, Intravenous), Distribution Channel (Hospital Pharmacies, Retail Pharmacies, Online Pharmacies), Country (U.S., Canada, Mexico, Peru, Brazil, Argentina, Rest of South America, Germany, Italy, U.K., France, Spain, Netherlands, Belgium, Switzerland, Turkey, Russia, Hungary, Lithuania, Austria, Ireland, Norway, Poland, Rest of Europe, Japan, China, India, South Korea, Australia, Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Vietnam, Rest of Asia Pacific, South Africa, Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, Kuwait, Israel, Egypt, Rest of Middle East and Africa) Industry Trends and Forecast to 2028

In the consistent Autonomic Dysreflexia Treatment market research report, industry trends are put together on macro level with which clients can figure out market landscape and possible future issues about Autonomic Dysreflexia Treatment industry. The scope of this market report include but is not limited to latest trends, market segmentation, new market entry, industry forecasting, future directions, opportunity identification, strategic analysis and planning, target market analysis, insights and innovation. The report presents with the CAGR value fluctuations for the specific forecasted period which helps decide costing and investment strategies. An influential Autonomic Dysreflexia Treatment market report brings precise and exact market research information that drives business into the right direction.

Key Players

The major players covered in the Autonomic Dysreflexia Treatment market report are BioHorizons IPH, Inc., Floss Locations, Dr. Fresh LLC, Colgate-Palmolive Company, GlaxoSmithKline plc, 3M Company, Ultradent Products Inc., Bausch Health Companies Inc., Dentsply Sirona, Medtronic PLC, Zimmer Biomet Inc., Sunstar Suisse S.A. and PatientPop.Inc among other domestic and global players. Market share data is available for Global, North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific (APAC), Middle East and Africa (MEA) and South America separately. DBMR analysts understand competitive strengths and provide competitive analysis for each competitor separately.

 Browse More Info @ https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/reports/global-autonomic-dysreflexia-treatment-market

The research studies entailed in the winning Autonomic Dysreflexia Treatment market report supports to estimate several important aspects that includes but are not limited to investment in a rising market, success of a new product, and expansion of market share. The strategies underlined here mainly consist of new product launches, expansions, agreements, joint ventures, partnerships, acquisitions, and others that boost footprints in this market. Several other factors such as import, export, gross margin, price, cost, and consumption are also analyzed under the section of production, supply, sales and market status.

Key questions answered in the report:

Which product segment will grab a lion’s share?

Which regional market will emerge as a frontrunner in coming years?

Which application segment will grow at a robust rate?

Report provides insights on the following pointers:

Market Penetration: Comprehensive information on the product portfolios of the top players in the Autonomic Dysreflexia Treatment Market.

Product Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on the upcoming technologies, R&D activities, and product launches in the market.

Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of the market strategies, geographic and business segments of the leading players in the market.

Table Of Content

Part 01: Executive Summary

Part 02: Scope Of The Report

Part 03:  Global Market

Part 04: Global Market Size

Part 05: Global Market Segmentation By Product

Part 06: Five Forces Analysis

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[cripplecharacters]

im not physically disabled, but i want to write disabled characters in my story i have a character who use wheelchair, and i like to ask should i provide a reason why the character use wheelchair since from what i hear many characters using wheelchair doesnt have their condition specified and often referred as "legs dont work syndrome" so i want to avoid the "legs dont work syndrome" by specifying the character's condition.

Hey,

I think it's always good to establish a character's disability (assuming they're not like a one-off NPC or something). Depending on whether they're the POV character or someone that the MC talks to once in a while or someone in between the two, you will probably want to provide a different amount of detail.

If you have access to the character's thoughts, they might simply think about their disability when they Experience a Symptom or think of something in the past that was related to it, and you can drop the name in there (e.g., “that was right after the doctor diagnosed me with spastic hereditary paraplegia”, or whatever). But if it's some side character, they might just make a single remark about what their exact disability is - maybe they're going through some rough terrain in an all-terrain wheelchair and mention that when they were born with spina bifida in the 60s, they didn't think technology like this would come along. You have a lot of options that don't necessarily have to end up being a detailed explanation of the disability.

What I think is more important, though, is that you know what their disability is and actually understand how it works. Because that's really where the “leg don't work” syndrome comes from - writers who think they know what paraplegia is while never having read a single thing on it. There's magically no pain, no bladder problems, no physical therapy, no spasms, no autonomic dysreflexia, no temperature regulation problems, their Legs Just Don't Work! How convenient.

If you manage to show how their disability affects them and have it make sense for what their disability is, you will avoid the “leg don't work” trope regardless if you name-drop the specifics (though I still think it's good to drop it in-writing). So do your research, establish symptoms, how they deal with them, what aids they use to do that, and make sure it's based on facts rather than what you think is correct - because this thinking is the culprit behind the trope in the first place. You can also take a look at this post.

Hope this helps,

mod Sasza