#at least only one of them is an alkaline earth metal

[eggedsaladnotlickbait]

whoever was the smartass who thought it was a good idea to name two separate elements "magnesium (Mg)" and "manganese (Mn)" im gonna kill you if you arent already dead and drag your soul back to earth and dump you in salt if you are

[dadbodosamu]

chemistry

Miya Osamu x Cis!Fem Reader x Miya Atsumu

WARNINGS: mutual masturbation, degradation, bullying, college au, they go to princeton but that’s not important, manhandling, Osamu has a jacob’s ladder bc i couldn’t resist, one (1) instance of daddy, squirting

3.3k words

You nearly groaned out loud as you saw Osamu and Atsumu making their way towards you. Could you not have one day without them making your life a living hell? You went to turn around, maybe to run, but a long, strong arm slung across your shoulders.

“Ah, ah, ah, where do ya think yer goin’, princess?” Atsumu asked.

“Yeah, don’t ya wanna see yer only friends?” Osamu asked, pinching your cheek a little too hard to be considered friendly.

“We’re not friends,” you mumbled, hugging your laptop to your chest. “Please leave me alone, I just want to study.”

“Study?” Atsumu asked. He laughed.

“We all know yer too dumb to pass anyway,” Osamu said.

“Why study if yer gonna fail anyway?” Atsumu asked.

Your face burned from embarrassment. You were currently failing one class, and no matter how hard you tried, you couldn’t get the hang of it. It sucked when your bullies were right.

“Maybe we should cut her some slack, Tsumu,” Osamu said. “If she fails, she’ll lose her scholarship and then who would we taunt?”

“Yer right, Samu,” Atsumu said. He turned you around back towards the library, your original destination. “Don’t worry, princess, Samu ‘nd I’ll help ya.”

“It’ll be hard gettin’ the information through yer thick head,” Osamu said, knocking his knuckle against your head painfully. “But we’ll do it.”

“Yer failin’ chemistry, right?” Atsumu asked. He opened the door to a private study room and shoved you in. You stumbled, catching yourself on the table and nearly dropping your laptop.

“Please, just leave me alone,” you said, standing up. “I can study by myself.”

“Aw, where’s the fun in that, sweetheart?” Osamu asked, pulling out a chair. He pushed you down into it and sat next to you.

“Don’t worry, we’ll set up a rewards system,” Atsumu said, sliding into the chair on your other side.

“For every question ya get right, Tsumu and I’ll take somethin’ off,” Osamu said.

“What? Why would I want that?” You asked, scoffing.

“Because, if ya get us naked,” Atsumu said. He looked at Osamu with a smirk. “We’ll let ya watch us get off.”

“Again, why would I want that?” You asked. Your stomach tightened at the thought of watching the twins jerk themselves off. The sounds they’d make. You bit your lip.

“Of course, there’s gotta be somethin’ in it for us,” Osamu said.

“Every question ya get wrong, ya gotta strip,” Atsumu said. He tugged at your jacket. “Hope ya got a lot of layers on.”

“No, no way,” you said.

“It’s cute ya think ya have a choice,” Osamu said. “Get yer work out.”

You opened your laptop, pulling up your chemistry homework.

“Question one,” Atsumu said. “What group of elements are all diatomic?”

You reached down to grab your textbook, only to have Osamu snatch it out of your hands.

“Ah, no cheating, sweetheart,” he said, smirking at you. “Answer the question.”

“Um, group eighteen, noble gases,” you guessed. Osamu tutted and pulled your jacket off your shoulders.

“Such a dumbass,” Atsumu said, leaning back and crossing his arms. “That’s high school chemistry.”

“Try again,” Osamu said, tossing your jacket across the table.

“Come on, ya should know this one,” Osamu said. So far, you’d lost your jacket, both of your shoes, and your shirt. The twins had lost their shoes and Osamu had lost his sweater while Atsumu was currently shirtless.

“Um, bromine has seven valence electrons,” you said.

Osamu grinned and pulled his t-shirt off as Atsumu unzipped his pants.

“Good girl,” Atsumu said, pushing his jeans down. You pointedly ignored the way his cock strained against his briefs, instead reading the next question.

“What is the oxidation state of chlorine, barium, potassium, and phosphorus?” Osamu asked.

“Uh, chlorine is negative one, barium is positive two, potassium is positive one, and phosphorus is… positive three?” You said.

Atsumu hissed. “So close, princess.”

“Phosphorus is negative three,” Osamu said. Atsumu reached behind you and smoothly undid your bra.

You instinctively crossed your arms as he pulled your bra off.

“Uh-uh,” Osamu said, tugging your arms away from your chest. Your breasts bounced heavily as the twins eyed you.

“Cute,” Atsumu said, pinching your nipple. You bit your lip to keep from moaning as Osamu groped your other breast.

“These tits almost make ya worth somethin’,” Osamu said.

“Maybe we should let her fail,” Atsumu said, rolling your nipple between his thumb and forefinger. “We can just keep her around for her tits.”

Osamu leaned down and sucked your nipple into his mouth. You couldn’t stop the moan that left your mouth.

“O-Osamu,” you moaned, tangling your fingers in his hair and pulling him closer.

“Next question,” Atsumu said, still squeezing your breast. “What group of elements is almost completely nonreactive?”

You struggled to think as Osamu’s tongue flicked against your nipple.

“No- fuck, Osamu- Noble gases,” you moaned. “Group eighteen.”

Osamu pulled back with a pop.

“Maybe yer not as dumb as we thought,” he said. He unzipped his jeans, momentarily pausing to palm his cock.

“I dunno, Samu,” Atsumu said, running his fingers under the elastic of his briefs. “Still think this head is empty.”

Atsumu pushed his briefs down. You swallowed thickly as his cock sprung out, bobbing heavily before resting against his toned stomach. His cock was longer than any you’d seen in person and thick enough that you knew just from looking at it that your fingers wouldn’t meet if you wrapped your hand around it. Your mouth watered as he wrapped his hand around the thick shaft and gave it a slow stroke. He moaned breathlessly.

“Next question,” Osamu asked. You tore your eyes away from Atsumu, licking your lips as Osamu asked the next question.

“Um, helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon,” you said, glancing back at Atsumu. He was still slowly stroking his cock, head thrown back and the smallest moans leaving his lips.

Osamu snapped and raised an eyebrow. “That all?”

“Damn it, uh, fluorine?” You guessed.

“Lose the skirt,” Osamu said. You hesitantly stood up. You bit your lip as you ran your thumb along the hem of your skirt. You almost regretted wearing your lacy panties, but that had been the only clean pair of underwear you had. Anyway, at least you hadn’t worn your period panties. The last thing you needed was Osamu and Atsumu seeing you in your blood stained granny panties.

Atsumu let out a low whistle as your skirt fell around your ankles, revealing the white lace thong you were wearing.

“Were ya expectin’ to be a slut today?” Atsumu asked.

“Who would want to see ya in those, anyway?” Osamu asked, eyeing you as you sat back down.

You almost responded that they obviously wanted to see you in them, but you bit your tongue.

“What’s the next question?” You asked.

“What groups make up the periodic table?” Atsumu asked.

You opened your mouth to answer when Osamu’s hand landed on your bare thigh.

“The alkali metals,” you started. Osamu’s large hand moved, and his fingers fiddled with the hem of your panties. “Alkaline earth metals, transition metals are groups three through twelve, triels…”

Osamu’s hand slid under your panties.

“She’s soaked, Tsumu,” Osamu said, spreading your folds with his fingers.

“Shut up ‘nd let her answer the damn question,” Atsumu said. He pumped his cock, still at the same slow pace he had before.

“Tetrels,” you said. You shivered as Osamu pressed two fingers against your clit. “The pnictogens, chalcogens…” Osamu’s fingers moved slowly around over your clit, following the same pace as Atsumu. You moaned and spread your legs wider.

“Look at her, spreadin’ her legs like a slut,” Osamu said.

“Keep goin’,” Atsumu said. You didn’t know who he was talking to, but you continued.

“Halogens and noble gases,” you finished. You nearly whined as Osamu pulled his hand away.

“Good girl,” he said, pushing his boxers down. You greedily eyed him as he released his cock. Just as long as Atsumu’s and visibly thicker with a slight curve to the left and five piercings running along the underside. You licked your lips as he wrapped his hand around it, thumbing the slit.

“What are the families of the periodic table?” Osamu read. He moaned as he gently squeezed his cock, a bead of precum forming at the tip. You swallowed. “Want a taste, sweetheart?”

You couldn’t stop yourself from nodding. Osamu scooped the precum up with his thumb and pushed it between your lips. You reached up to grab his wrist as you licked the bitter liquid away. You moaned as he shoved his thumb deeper in your mouth.

“Answer the question,” Atsumu said. “Come on, it’s the last one, princess.”

You went to pull away from Osamu, but he grabbed the back of your neck and jerked you back, gagging you on his thumb.

“I didn’t say stop,” Osamu said. “Now, answer the question.”

Your voice was muffled by Osamu’s thumb.

“What was that? I can’t understand ya,” Atsumu said. “Speak clearly.”

You whined around Osamu’s thumb.

“Don’t know the answer?” Osamu asked, thrusting his thumb in your mouth. He smirked as you gagged again.

“Guess ya lose yer underwear,” Atsumu said. Osamu pulled his hand away from your mouth.

“I know the answer!” You cried.

“G’head, sweetheart,” Osamu said. He gently rolled his balls in his hand.

“The lithium family, beryllium family, the transition metals don’t have a family name, boron family, carbon family, nitrogen family, oxygen family, fluorine family, and helium/neon family,” you said. You smiled as the twins both leaned back, pumping their cocks at different paces. Atsumu was still stroking himself slowly while Osamu pumped himself off faster.

“Still think ya should lose yer panties,” Osamu said. He slowed down, squeezing his cock as precum leaked from the tip. “I wanna see that cute, lil cunt o’ yers.”

“I got the question right,” you said. You watched as he reached over to you, popping the elastic of your panties against your skin.

“Come on, let us see that needy pussy,” Atsumu said. “Yer already makin’ a mess of ‘em anyway.”

You bit your lip as you pushed your hips up, wrapping your thumbs around the sides of your panties and pulling them down. Osamu snatched them from you.

“Now, get up on the table and spread yer legs,” Osamu said. “Wanna see how ya touch yerself.”

You pushed your laptop out over the way, hopping up on the table and bracing your feet on a knee from each twin.

“Didn’t even argue,” Atsumu said. “Maybe she’s startin’ to get it.”

You ignored him as you reached down, rubbing a circle over your clit. You let out a soft moan.

“Fuck, she’s already leakin’ all over the table,” Osamu said. His hand moved faster. “Finger yerself fer us.”

“Fuck,” you hissed as you slipped two fingers in your tight hole. Atsumu threw his head back before lazily looking back at you.

“Feel good?” Atsumu asked. You nodded and moaned desperately.

“Imagine how much better it’d feel if it were my fingers in ya,” Osamu said. He squeezed around the base of his cock and groaned. You thrusted your fingers deeper as he fisted his cock.

“Please,” you whimpered. “Want you to touch me.”

“Hear that, Tsumu?” Osamu asked. “Lil slut wants me t’ touch her cunt.”

“Fuck you,” Atsumu growled. “I’d get her off faster and better than ya any day o’ the week.”

“Oh, yeah?” Osamu asked. “I’d have her cummin’ on my cock ‘fore I could even bottom out.”

“Fuck off,” Atsumu said, moaning as his cock twitched.

“Gonna cum already?” Osamu asked. “Like ya’d even last long enough t’ fuck her.”

You moaned loudly as your fingers scissored your walls open. Both twins snapped to face you as you threw your head back.

“Come on, sweetheart,” Osamu cooed. Your walls clenched around your fingers. “Gonna cum fer us?”

“Mm-hmm,” you hummed as your free hand squeezed your breast. You rolled your nipple between your thumb and forefinger.

“Rub yer clit,” Atsumu said. You pulled your fingers out of your cunt and rubbed them over your clit furiously.

“Fuck, fuck, fuck,” you cried. Your toes curled and the knot in your stomach tightened. Osamu groaned, pumping his cock at the same pace as your fingers.

“Wanna see ya cum,” Osamu said. “Cum fer me.”

You cried out as your vision went spotty and your eyes rolled back into your head. Your walls clenched around nothing as your juices gushed out, running down your skin into a puddle on the table.

“Fuck, come ‘ere,” Atsumu said. You stood up from the table, legs wobbling beneath you. “On yer knees.”

Atsumu stood up as you sank to your knees in front of him.

“Gonna cum all over that face o’ yers,” Atsumu grunted, jerking his cock quickly. You opened your mouth and let your tongue hang out, waiting patiently for him to cum. “That’s a good girl.”

Atsumu moaned as the first spurt of cum hit your tongue. He slowly pumped his cock as he covered your face with his cum. He breathed heavily as the last spurt of cum landed on your cheek.

You swallowed the cum on your tongue, licking your lips as Atsumu pulled his phone out.

“Hang yer tongue out again,” he ordered, pointing his phone’s camera towards you. “Now, that’s a sight. That’s lock screen material.”

You stuck your tongue out, looking up at Atsumu. He grabbed your tongue, pulling it out further. He let go, shoving three, long fingers down your throat. You gagged, grabbing his wrist.

“Next time, I’ll gag ya on my cock,” he said. “Wouldn’t ya like that, princess?”

You nodded as your eyes watered. He pulled his fingers out and lightly slapped your face twice.

“That’s my cockwhore,” he said, endearingly.

“My turn,” Osamu said. He grabbed your arm and yanked you towards him. You yelped as your knees slid painfully over the rough carpet.

Osamu was still seated, stroking his thick cock with your underwear around his hand.

“Come ‘ere,” Osamu said, pulling you up. He pulled you into his lap. He spread your legs over his and grabbed your hips as his cock slotted between you folds. You moaned as the tip of his cock hit your clit with every thrust he made.

“Fuck me,” you moaned, grabbing onto his forearms.

“Ya want my cock?” He asked, slowly grinding it against your wet folds. You nodded. “Just the tip.”

Osamu reached down and lined his cock up with your entrance. The fat, mushroomed head popped past the tight ring of muscles, resting just inside your walls. You moaned and ground against him, wanting him deeper.

“Ah, ah, I said just the tip,” Osamu said. He squeezed your hips painfully as he guided you along the tip of his cock. You whined as the tip went in and out of you.

“More, more,” you begged. Osamu shook his head and reached around you, rubbing your clit.

“‘M gonna make ya cum on my cock, okay, sweetheart?” Osamu asked. You nodded desperately.

Atsumu snapped another picture of your fucked out face as you leaned your head back on Osamu’s shoulder.

“Get a picture of her cunt,” Osamu said. Atsumu held the camera down in front of your cunt, snapping pictures as the head of Osamu’s cock teased you. Atsumu flashed the pictures to you and Osamu.

“Now that’s lock screen worthy,” Osamu said. “Send that to me.”

The picture was lewd. Osamu’s fingers spreading you out, revealing your swollen clit and the head of his cock halfway in you. You moaned.

“Gonna cum?” Osamu asked. You nodded, digging your nails into his forearms. Your legs shook as Atsumu pushed them further apart.

You cried out as Osamu slapped his cock against your clit. He shoved the head back in your walls before they clamped down on him. You came hard, juices squirting out of you, making a mess on Osamu’s thighs. He groaned as your cum leaked down his cock, covering his balls.

He ground against you as cum shot out of his cock, part of it filling you up before he pulled out, letting the rest of it land on your used pussy.

“That’s a picture worth taking,” Atsumu said, snapping a photo of your cum covered cunt as your chest heaved.

Osamu moved your legs together, reaching down and tugging your panties up. He stood you up on wobbly legs and pulled your panties into place over your cunt.

“I wanna see my cum still on ya later when ya touch yerself,” Osamu said. You nodded. “Now, what do ya say since we so graciously helped ya with yer chemistry? And we even rewarded ya so nicely.”

“Thank you,” you said, looking down at your feet.

“Thank you, what?” Atsumu asked. You looked up at him.

“Thank you, sir,” you mumbled. Atsumu smiled.

“What about Samu?” He asked.

“Thank you…” You paused and your face heated up at your thought. You’d almost called him daddy. He’d never let you live it down if you did.

“G’head, sweetheart, say it,” Osamu said, smirking.

“Thank you, daddy,” you said, quietly.

“Good girl,” he said, patting your head like a dog. “Now get dressed, I don’t wanna see yer slutty body anymore.”

Osamu pushed you down to your knees before turning away from you and dressing himself. You glared at him as you stood back up, pulling on your skirt. You wiped your face clean on your jacket after putting on your bra and shirt, and shoved it in your bag.

Osamu shoved his sweater into your arms.

“I don’t want our cumdump catching a cold,” he said. “Who else is gonna take our loads like a good girl?”

Any girl on the campus given half the chance, you thought. You stayed silent as you tugged the oversized sweater over your head. You slung your bag over your shoulder, grabbing your laptop and textbook.

Atsumu opened the door, pushing you out of it before the twins followed you out of the library.

“Yer knees are bleedin’,” Atsumu sneered as you stepped out of the library. You glanced down. Your knees were red from scraping against the carpet and they were indeed bleeding a little bit.

“Everyone’s gonna know ya were on yer knees for us,” Osamu said. He and Atsumu laughed as you dug in your bag for something to wipe the blood away with. Atsumu pushed you onto a bench before kneeling down in front of you, holding a napkin and a bottle of water in his hands. You didn’t say anything as he cleaned your knees off. You just stared at the wind ruffling his blond hair. Osamu silently handed him two bandages. Atsumu carefully placed the bandages on your knees before Osamu grabbed your hand and jerked you up. You stumbled into him. He pushed you away, never dropping your hand.

“Come on, let’s get ya to yer dorm before ya hurt somethin’ else,” Osamu said, glaring down at you. He held your hand tighter as you tried to pull it away.

“I don’t need you to walk me to my dorm,” you said, glaring at them as Osamu pulled you along.

“Stop fuckin’ yappin’,” Atsumu said. You flipped him off.

“Fuck you,” you snapped. He flipped your skirt up, flashing the people behind you your bare ass. “Atsumu!”

“What a slut, wearin’ those panties with such a short skirt,” Osamu said. He looked back, glaring at the guy behind you. “Bet ya like havin’ guys look at ya.”

“Let me go!” You exclaimed, pulling your hand away from him. “Fuck you!”

You hugged your laptop and textbook to your chest as you stormed away from the twins.

“Hey, if ya pass yer chemistry quiz, we’ll fuck ya next time!” Osamu called, smirking.

You flipped them off before running towards your dorm.

[speedyinfluencerkid]

SCP – 0606.

Object Class: Keter

Special Containment Procedures (Obsolete Information): All instances of SCP - 0606 are to be contained in Area 11A. The perimeter of the area is to be fenced off with a 220 V high current steel lattice fence, █ █ meters high. The area and individuals should be monitored by automatic security cameras and unmanned aerial vehicles plying over the area. Access to Site 11A is only permitted to personnel of class 4 and above, the main requirement for which is the absence of children or old age. New instances of SCP - 0606 appearing in area 11A are to be destroyed immediately by drones.

changed

All instances of SCP - 0606 are to be contained in Area 11A. The perimeter of the containment area should be fenced off with a lattice steel fence with a current of 220v, the height of which should be increased by meters, and the entire area of ​​the containment area should be completely concreted. The area should be free of any foreign objects other than SCP - 0606 specimens. All airspace above the area should be traversed by a laser grid. Tracking drones should be equipped with a self-destruct system in case of failure. Heavy machine guns and flamethrowers are to be deployed every ██ meters around the perimeter of the zone.

Only Class 4 personnel are allowed access to Zone 11A, the main requirement for which is not to have children or to be in old age.

New instances of SCP - 0606 appearing in Area 11A are to be immediately destroyed by drones and their troupes incinerated. In the event that SCP - 0606 instances appear outside of Zone 11A, the Steel Wall Flamethrower Teams are to immediately destroy both SCP - 0606 and SCP - 0606-1 instances. Destruction of SCP - 0606-2 has been made a priority. Steel Wall personnel are to comply with SCP-0606's clearance rules.

At this time, the Foundation does not have significant methods to contain SCP - 0606.

After Incident 11-2, Area 11A was completely abolished, and all individuals contained within it were incinerated. In the event of the appearance of new instances of SCP - 0606, the "Steel Wall" fire and flamethrower teams are to immediately destroy both SCP - 0606 and SCP - 0606-1 instances, as well as SCP - 0606-2. Destruction of SCP - 0606-2 has been made a priority. All acquaintances of SCP - 0606-1 are to be treated with Class C amnisiacs. The basic requirement for members of the Steel Wall group is good physical fitness, professional skill in using small arms, a high level of mental stability, and not having children or being in old age. Any images of SCP - 0606 are to be captured and destroyed by the Disinformation Team as soon as possible.

Description: SCP - 0606 is a multicellular prokaryotic life form. Individuals have a cylindrical or cone-shaped body, four slender limbs up to thirty to forty centimeters in diameter and a perfectly round head, devoid of eyes and ears, and several long, thin processes at the "crown". SCP - 0606 has four finger-like branches on its upper limbs. On the lower, front part of the head, there is a semblance of a large toothless mouth.

The entire surface of SCP - 0606's body is covered with a thin layer of parchment epidermis, which contains organic fibers as well as unclassified carbonate compounds and alkaline earth metal oxides. The processes on the head are composed entirely of keratinized "dermis".

Body color is not uniform. On the limbs, it is more dark (up to black). The body has different color shades, the head corresponds to the flesh color of the skin of the Caucasian, on the frontal part there are two black heels 5mm in diameter.

SCP - 0606 lacks skeleton, nervous, circulatory, immune and lymphatic systems, and lacks any internal organs at all, including the heart and brain. Internally, SCP - 0606 is composed entirely of randomly spaced muscle cells of unknown classification. Analysis has shown SCP - 0606 cells to be more structurally similar to bacteria from the Spirochete order.

In the absence of a throat, SCP - 0606 is still capable of ingesting food and further defecating. It is not known at the expense of what and how exactly SCP - 0606 will mix. Despite the thickness of the limbs, they can not only walk upright, but also develop a running speed of up to 42 km / h.

Emit SCP - 0606 sounds that resemble human speech accelerated several times. The decoding of the "speech" was not crowned with the result, since in fact, it is a chaotic set of vocalizations of different timbre. At the same time, SCP - 0606 themselves understand each other well and act collectively.

For all its apparent survivability, SCP - 0606 is quite vulnerable to piercing weapons and fire.

SCP - 0606 are capable of two types of reproduction: division and parasitism. Observations in zone 11A showed that reproduction by division occurs only if there are at least ten individuals within a meter of each other.

SCP - 0606 are aggressive and purposefully seek out humans for further parasitic reproduction.

Parasitization occurs as follows. SCP - 0606 possess powerful psycho-hypnotic effects, affecting 90% of humans. The hypnotic effect does not apply to minors and the elderly.

The hypnotic effect is transmitted through eye contact, and it does not matter whether the victim sees SCP-0606 itself or only its image. After, the victim's (hereinafter referred to as SCP - 0606-1) level of intelligence drops sharply, he begins to mix in abrupt jerks, sharply bend his legs and feet, and shouts out limited phrases as well as very loud and insane laughter. Occasionally, SCP - 0606-1 attempts to mimic the sounds of SCP - 0606. It is likely that SCP - 0606-1 are unable to see SCP - 0606 in their vicinity.

Seconds after becoming SCP-0606-1, SCP-0606-1 will begin self-mutilation, manifesting itself in lacerating its own mouth, sewing eyes, removing ears and nose, knocking out teeth, removing the fifth toe, and removing the scalp from itself, and attempts to unnaturally thin their limbs. Apparently, SCP - 0606-1 are trying to make themselves something like SCP - 0606.

If a child or an untouched person is in the vicinity, SCP - 0606-1 shifts its attention to it. It behaves extremely aggressively, constantly snaps and beats its victim, and, if successful, produces similar self-mutilation with it. Observations have shown that children are a priority target for both SCP - 0606-1 and SCP - 0606.

Subsequently, SCP - 0606-1 dies from blood loss or from exhaustion, since having crippled its arms and legs, it cannot serve itself. SCP - 0606 who are near SCP - 0606 all this time (which SCP - 0606-1 is most likely not able to see), take away his body, as well as the bodies of victims killed by him or by SCP - 0606 themselves, and form an incubation cocoon from them, designated as SCP - 0606 -2. After approximately 30 hours, new instances of SCP-0606 begin to emerge from SCP - 0606-2, approximately one per hour. SCP-0606-2 itself dries up over time and ceases to function.

If the psycho-hypnotic effect does not work, SCP - 0606 will attack the victim in a group and attempt to kill it in a similar manner.

Despite the lack of a brain, SCP - 0606 can use a variety of tools, including those made from scrap materials, and in some cases exhibit advanced strategies. There is an assumption about the presence of collective thinking.

Application:

Incident 11-1

On 20██ / 20██, a sharp decline in the activity and number of SCP-0606 instances was recorded in Zone 11a. As a result, the doctor, along with several members of the Steel Wall, went to the zone to investigate the cause of the incident. After the doctor and team members entered the [DATA EXPUNGED] area. Moving 20 meters away from the perimeter, the ground collapsed under them. [DATA EXPUNGED] resulting in the death of 15 members of the flamethrower team trying to rescue the doctor. As it turned out later, the entire underground structure of the zone was dug by tunnels strongly protruding to the surface near the perimeter (presumably used by SCP - 0606 as traps).

Following Incident 11-1, it was decided to concretize the entire area of Zone 11a and significantly improve security.

Русский перевод.

Объект SCP - 0606 

Класс объекта: Кетер 

Особые условия содержания (устаревшая информация): Все особи объекта SCP - 0606 должны содержаться в зоне 11A. Периметр зоны должен быть огорожен решетчатым стальным забором под током в 220v, высотой ██метра. Слежение за зоной и особями должно осуществляться при помощи автоматических камер слежения и курсирующих над зоной дронов. Допуск к зоне 11A разрешён только сотрудникам 4 и выше класса, основное требование к которым — не имение детей либо нахождение в преклонном возрасте. Новые особи SCP – 0606 появившиеся в зоне 11A должны быть немедленно уничтожены при помощи дронов. 

Изменено 

Все особи объекта SCP - 0606 должны содержаться в зоне 11A. Периметр зоны содержания должен быть огорожен решетчатым стальным забором под током в 220v, высота которого должна быть увеличена на ██ метра, а вся площадь зоны содержания полностью забетонирована. В зоне не должно быть никаких посторонних предметов кроме особей SCP - 0606. Всё воздушное пространство над зоной должно быть пересечено лазерной «сеткой». Дроны слежения должны оснащаться системой самоуничтожения в случаи отказа.  

Через каждые ██метра вокруг периметра зоны должны быть установлены крупнокалиберные турельные пу��емёты и огнемёты. Допуск к зоне 11A разрешён только сотрудникам 4 класса,  основное требование к которым - не имение  детей либо нахождение в преклонном возрасте. Новые особи SCP – 0606 появившиеся в зоне 11A должны быть немедленно уничтожены при помощи дронов, а их труппы сожжены. В случаи появления особей SCP – 0606 вне зоны 11A, стрелково-огнемётные группы «Стальная стена» должны немедленно произвести уничтожение как особей SCP – 0606, так и SCP – 0606-1. Уничтожение SCP - 0606-2 поставлено как приоритетная задача. Персонал группы «Стальная стена» должен соответствовать правилам допуска к SCP – 0606. 

Изменено 

На данный момент, фонд не располагает существенными методами по сдерживанию SCP - 0606. После инцидента 11-2, зона 11A полностью упразднена, а все содержащиеся в ней особи сожжены. В случаи появления новых особей SCP - 0606 стрелково-огнемётные группы «Стальная стена» должны немедленно произвести уничтожение как особей SCP - 0606, так и SCP - 0606-1, а также SCP - 0606-2. Уничтожение SCP - 0606-2 поставлено как приоритетная задача. Все знакомые SCP - 0606-1 должны обработаться амнизиаками класса C. Основное требование к членам группы "Стальная стена" – хорошая физическая подготовка, профессиональный навык пользования стрелковым оружием, высокий уровень психической устойчивости а также не имение детей либо нахождение в преклонном возрасте. Дезинформационная группа должна фиксировать и скорейшим образом уничтожать любые изображения  SCP - 0606.   

Описание: SCP - 0606 это многоклеточная прокариотная форма жизни. Особи имеют цилиндрическое или конусообразное туловище, четыре тонкие, до тридцати/сорока сантиметров в диаметре конечности, и идеально круглую голову, лишённую глаз и ушей и несколькими длинными, тонкими отростками на «темечке». На верхних конечностях SCP - 0606  расположены четыре ответвления на подобие пальцев. На нижней, передней части головы имеется подобие большого, беззубого рта. 

Вся поверхность тела SCP - 0606 покрыта тонким слоем пергаментированной эпидермиса, в состав которого входят органические волокна, а также неклассифицируемые карбонатные соединения и окислы щёлочноземельных металлов. Отростки на голове состоят полностью из ороговевшего "дермиса". Цвет тела не однородный. На конечностях он боле тёмный (вплоть до чёрного). Туловище имеет разные цветовые оттенки, голова соответствует телесному цвету кожи европеоида, на лобной части имеются два пятка чёрного цвета 5мм в диаметре. SCP - 0606 не имеют скелета, нервной, кровеносной, иммунной и лимфатической системы, у них полностью отсутствуют какие-либо внутренние органы включая сердце и мозг. Внутренне SCP - 0606 полностью состоят из хаотично расположенных мышечных клеток неизвестной классификации. Анализ показал, что клетки SCP - 0606 по свое�� структуре больше напоминают бактерии из порядка Спирохет. При отсутствии горла, SCP - 0606 всё же способны к поглощению пищи и дальнейшей дефекации. Не известно за счёт чего и как именно перемешаются SCP - 0606. Несмотря на толщину конечностей, они могут не только к прямохождению, но также развитию скорости бега до 42км/ч. Издавать SCP - 0606 звуки, напоминающие человеческую речь ускоренную в несколько раз. Расшифровка "речи" не увенчалась результатом, так как на деле, она является хаотичным набором вокализаций разного тембра. При этом сами SCP - 0606 хорошо понимают друг друга и действовать коллективно. При всей кажущейся живучести, SCP - 0606 достаточно уязвимы к колющему оружию и огню. SCP - 0606 способны к двум типам размножения: деление и паразитирование. Наблюдения в зоне 11A показали, что размножение делением происходит только при наличии хотя бы десяти особей в пределах метра друг от друга. SCP - 0606 агрессивны, и целенаправленно ищут людей для дальнейшего паразитического размножения. Паразитирование происходит следующим образом. SCP - 0606 обладают мощным психо-гипнотическим воздействием, распространяющимся на 90% людей. Гипнотическое воздействие не распространяется на несовершеннолетних и людей пожилого возраста. Гипнотическое воздействие передаётся при помощи зрительного контакта, причём не важно видит жертва самого SCP - 0606 или только его изображение. После, у жертвы (далее обозначаемой как SCP - 0606-1) резко падает уровень интеллекта, она начинает перемешаться отрывистыми рывками, резко сгибать ноги и ноги, и выкрикивает ограниченные фразы а также очень громкий и безумный хохот. Переодически, SCP - 0606-1 пытается сымитировать звуки SCP - 0606. Вероятно, что SCP - 0606-1 не способны видеть SCP – 0606 находящихся всё это время рядом. Через несколько секунд после становления, SCP - 0606-1 приступают к членовредительству, проявляющемуся в раздирании собственного рта, зашивание глаз, удаление ушей и носа, выбивания зубов, удаление пятого пальца а также снятия с себя скальпа и попытках неестественно утончить свои конечности. Судя по всему, SCP - 0606-1 пытаются сделать из себя некое подобие SCP - 0606. Если по близости находится ребёнок, или человек не подвергшийся воздействию, SCP - 0606-1 переключает внимание на него.Он ведет себя кра��не агрессивно, постоянно огрызается и избивает свою жертву, и если удаётся, производит с ней аналогичное членовредительство. Наблюдения показали, что дети являются приоритетной целью как для SCP - 0606-1 так и для SCP - 0606. В дальнейшем SCP - 0606-1 умирает от кровопотерь либо из-за истощения, так как покалечив свои руки и ноги не может себя обслужить. Находящиеся всё это время рядом SCP - 0606 (которых  SCP - 0606-1 вероятнее всего не способен видеть), забирают его тело, а также тела убитых им или самими SCP - 0606 жертв, и формируют из них инкубационный кокон, обозначаемый как SCP - 0606-2. Через приблизительно 30 часов, из SCP - 0606-2 начинают появляться новые особи SCP - 0606, примерно по одной в час. Сам же SCP - 0606-2 со временем усыхает и перестаёт функционировать. В случаи если психо-гипнотическое воздействие не сработало, SCP - 0606 нападают на жертву группой и пытаются убить её аналогичным образом. Несмотря на отсутствие мозга, SCP - 0606 могут пользоваться различными инструментами, в том числе сделанными ими же из подручных материалов, и в некоторых случаях проявляют развитую стратегию. Есть предположение, о наличии коллективного мышления. 

Приложение: Инцидент 11-1 20.██.20██ в зоне 11а было зафиксировано резкое снижение активности и численности особей SCP – 0606. В связи с чем, доктор █████ вместе с несколькими сотрудниками из «Стальной стены» направились в зону доля выяснения причины случившегося. После того, как доктор █████ и сотрудники группы зашли в зону [ДАННЫЕ УДАЛЕНЫ]. Отойдя на 20 метров от периметра, под ними провалилась земля. [ДАННЫЕ УДАЛЕНЫ] что привело к гибели 15 членов огнемётной группы, пытавшихся спасти █████. Как оказалось далее, вся подземная структура зону была изрыта тоннелями сильно выходящими к поверхности вблизи периметра (предположительно использовались SCP – 0606 как ловушки). После инцидента 11-1 было принято решение забетонировать всю площадь зоны 11а, и значительно усилить охрану.

[thequirkdetective]

Investigation 6 (10/7/2020): Hardening – Eijiro Kirishima

This time, we’re going to be tackling a quirk I have been thinking about for a while now; Hardening. This allows Kirishima to “make his entire body [as] hard as a rock”[1]. The quirk is mainly used for defence but does also make Kirishima’s body rough and sharp, which causes his attacks to be more dangerous to opponents. We’ll look at the exact composition of Kirishima’s hardened body, as well as the systems that allow the body parts to both harden and soften.

Firstly, we need to know what Kirishima’s hardened skin is made of, and to do this we need to know how much force it can withstand.

The largest easily measurable force Kirishima withstands is when he is crushed underneath a few robots in the sports festival [1]. It is difficult to tell how many robots of which type(s) he is caught under, but we can do the maths on both types, and see how they compare, starting with the largest robots. These are in fact the same model as the one Deku punched in the entrance exam due to it nearly crushing and killing Uraraka[2] (I’m not sure how UA spun that one in the risk assessment to allow them to make a reappearance). In any case, whatever fate would have befallen Uraraka instead turns its gaze to Kirishima in season 2, but rather than being steamrolled Kirishima instead undergoes the more abrupt and deadly force of a robot in freefall. He survives (unsurprisingly, or this investigation wouldn’t have much data to work with), due to his quirk.

The whole scene plays out with the contestants of the obstacle course race coming across a group of the aforementioned giant robots. Todoroki (no doubt fuelled by chronic daddy issues) freezes the robots and gets through, but makes the decision to freeze them in such positions as to cause them to fall over. Ignoring the rather worrying possibility of Todoroki deliberately killing the entire student body of UA (get mad in the notes), only two people are caught underneath the ensuing pile: Kirishima and Tetsutetsu. The actual moment of impact isn’t shown, but a few seconds afterwards, an unnamed student declares that they see someone trapped in the rubble, and Kirishima bursts upwards in a shower of metal and testosterone, followed closely by Tetsutetsu.

This shows, in the most basic interpretation, that quirked-up Kirishima is harder than a UA robot, since if he were less hard he would be immediately crushed. Sadly, material science is a little more nuanced than that. The exact definition of ‘hardness’ is difficult to pin down, and the stresses would not be equal across Kirishima’s whole body. This blog doesn’t have access to laboratory grade material simulation software (yet), so we can’t see the exact forces involved in a student-robot collision. We can, however, estimate the rough pressures Kirishima’s body withstood after being mercilessly crushed by Todoroki.

There are no viable references for discerning the height of the robots in season 2, so let’s go back to their first appearance in the entrance exam [2]. The scene where Deku punches on of the robots in the face gives us a nice tall building in the background, which we know from earlier is about 15 storeys high (50m or 164ft). Deku jumps upwards until he is level with the robot, and gives the robot a good whack. It topples backwards, his bones shatter, and he is accepted into UA, all due to his incredible feat of self-sacrifice for his love interest. However, in the many, many different shots between the jump and the impact, the height of both the boy and the robot’s head varies from level with the roof to well above any of the surrounding buildings. This is in part due to camera angles and fisheye effects, but whatever the reason it is difficult to say for certain how tall the robot is. Let’s approximate between the two extremes, and say it’s around 55m tall (180ft). The area of the base of the robot is, you guessed it, difficult to get a proper estimate of. This is mostly due to it being framed close-up or surrounded by clouds of ice and dust. Taking this into account, along with the fact that I have strayed way too deep down this rabbit hole, allows us to approximate the robot’s base size as the same as the surrounding buildings’, since it is shown in front of one and nearly blocks it from view. This means the robot is around 15m x 15m x 55m (49ft x 49ft x 180ft). Piling on another wild guesstimate of average density gives us a robot with a mass of ~4000 tonnes (~4400 tons). Now, we can use a bit of physics to figure out the force the robot exerts on Kirishima.

We now need to use what is fast becoming the most useful equation in these investigations: F = ma. We now know m, but we have yet to find a. Fortunately, it has an equation: ΔV/t, or the change in velocity over time. Unfortunately, since the robot topples sideways, we cannot use simple acceleration due to gravity. We have to get velocity in a slightly more roundabout way.

The velocity can be found with two equations, using the principle of conservation of energy (we’re ignoring air resistance, as is traditional in physics). In the process of falling, the robot’s gravitational potential energy gets converted into kinetic energy, and so if we know the amount of energy converted, we can find out the resultant speed. Gravitational potential energy is given by , or mass x gravitational field strength x change in height, all relative to the centre of mass. Pairing this with the kinetic energy equation ( ½mv2, or ½ x mass x velocity squared), and using conservation of energy, we see , so . Rearrange, and voilà: sqrt(2gΔh) (a very nice equation that serendipitously does not contain mass). The robot has a large, heavy base, so lets say the centre of mass starts 20m (66ft) up. Then, the robot falls and the centre of mass ends ~5m (16ft) from the ground. Now we know is 15m (49ft), and is, at least around sea level, 9.8m/s2. Therefore, if a 0-point robot toppled over, it would hit the ground with an average speed of 17m/s (38mph).

Now we can work out , if we approximate the distance it took for the robot to stop. It fell onto soil and kicked up quite a dust cloud, so lets say it embedded 1m down. Assuming uniform deceleration across the 1m of distance, comes to 144.5m/s2, and is a whopping 5.78×108 N, spread over ~750m2 (8073ft2), giving 770667 Pa (112 PSI), or 7.5x atmospheric pressure.

The smaller robots seem to be no more than 10m tall, so the force of their fall is only 10m/s (22mph). This means the force is a measly 50N, and the pressure 0.5Pa (7×10−5 PSI). Now, finally, we can find out what these numbers mean in terms of Kirishima’s quirk.

The pressure would be spread over ~1m2 of Kirishima, meaning the force on him is anywhere from 0.5N to 770667N depending on the type of the robot. The issue with this calculation is that it assumes the fall of both robots is distributed evenly between the ground and Kirishima, so the forces would actually be more in the range of 50N-770667N, the equivalent of balancing a weight on your head with a mass of 5-80000kg (11-176370lbs). A force of 770667N is about the force a house exerts on its foundations, but the shock needs to be taken into account. It’s the difference between having a house resting on concrete, and dropping half the house from 10m onto the same concrete. From this example it becomes rather clear which one does more damage.

Due to this, as well as the sheer magnitude of the resultant forces, we can rule out Kirishima being crushed by the largest robots. Such a robot would flatten almost anything in its path, including Kirishima, no matter what his quirk made his body into. This also explains his quick escape; he was underneath a small robot and only had to dig through a metre (3ft) or so of robot wiring and metal panels.

Kirishima’s quirk is continually compared to rock [1], which to me says silicates. Silicates are the predominant compounds in the earth’s crust, and are mostly responsible for giving rocks their hardness (sorry geologists and material scientists, but I do have to end this somewhere). The question now, as with many other investigations, is where the silicates originate. Many health food such as spinach, soy, and bananas contain high amounts of silicon dioxide, also known as silica or quartz. However, a much more efficient way to increase silica intake is sand. Sand is mostly silicon dioxide, and is also fairly easy to ingest, making it very useful for such purposes as turning into rock at will. We’ll figure out which one Kirishima employs later on.

In the Shie Hassaikai raid, Kirishima’s quirk is shown to deflect a quirk-destroying bullet[3]. These bullets are hollow, and do not cause nearly as much damage as a standard metal bullet so it may not be the case that Kirishima is fully bulletproof. This does make sense; granite shatters easily upon contact with a bullet and the quirk-destroying bullets did not give Mirio an injury comparable to a bullet wound. The ‘bullets’ instead act more like flying syringes. However, Kirishima does also defend against a rapid succession of punches from Kendo Rappa[4] using his quirk. This is again feasible, since it is akin to Rappa successively punching a brick or granite wall. Therefore, Kirishima’s hardened body is made of some silicate, most likely akin to quartz – the primary compound in both granite and sand, with trace amounts present in food.

This means that Kirishima’s body can in some way store silica, and then reconstruct it onto or into the surface of the skin. Silica is notoriously insoluble, only trace amounts dissolving in water or acids, and the main viable solvents for dissolving it being hydrofluoric acid or hot alkaline solutions. It’s the same story  for pure silicon. However, if Kirishima’s body were to absorb silicon as an ion (a common way to absorb minerals) then the compound could be made soluble in some interesting ways.

Detergents are used to make oil and grease soluble in water, by having a hydrophobic end that binds to dirt, and a hydrophilic end that is attracted to water. The detergent molecules then surround dirt particles and make them hydrophilic, forcing them into suspension (not technically solution). A similar mechanism could be used to lift silicate ions into suspension in Kirishima’s bloodstream. These would collect in Kirishima’s cells. Then, all it takes is the degradation of the ��detergent’ molecules to force the silicates out of suspension, where they then crystallise. This essentially turns the inside of Kirishima’s cells into rock, if given a few tweaks.

The first main problem is that the silicate ions would not necessarily create silica unless they were introduced to oxygen ions. This can be fixed by the other chemical required – one to denature the detergent molecules. The whole process involves ionised molecules that bind to silicon ions and bring them into suspension in Kirishima’s blood. They travel to his cells, and collect there. The activation of the quirk is in fact the release of a specialised chemical which breaks down the ionised molecules, releasing the silicon ions. This chemical could then also contains oxygen ions which bond to the silicon, creating silica within Kirishima’s skin cells. Then, when the quirk is deactivated, the silica is broken down and more ionised molecules are released to bring the silicon back into suspension.

The only remaining problem with this system is movement. Turning all of Kirishima’s skin into rock would lock up his joints and prevent him from moving his limbs. The solution to this is leaving some of the skin cells at points of motion un-hardened, allowing certain areas of skin to stretch and flex whilst still gaining some defensive advantages. This does leave Kirishima with a few relative weak points at his shoulders, elbows, knees, and hands, but overall, this mechanism fulfils the brief almost to the letter: turning his body into rock. It also means that it simply strengthens his skin, and does not create a new layer of rock. This has the added benefit of transferring any damage to his hardened form onto his normal body, for example a large chunk of rock being blasted off would leave a large chunk of his flesh missing once the quirk was deactivated.

Finally, we need to establish the source of the silicate ions. It is most likely diet, but is eating silicon-rich foods enough to provide the amount of silicate required? 

Kirishima’s quirk manifested when he was quite young [4] , let’s say 3 years old since he can’t remember the event very clearly. At this point just his hand and arm could harden. The amount of silicate required can be calculated by the surface area of the affected area multiplied by the thickness of Kirishima’s skin.

The average surface area of a man’s hand is ~0.1m2 (1sq. ft). Kirishima is a toddler at this point, so a 0.1m2 area would cover his upper arm too, as shown. Skin is around 1mm thick on average, so the volume of silicate required for the first manifestation of his quirk is ~0.26g (0.009oz) of silica, the same amount as present in 40 bananas. This is a very feasible amount of silica to have ingested in three years, and if Kirishima made a habit of eating silica rich foods he could have enough silicon ions to harden his whole body in 10-15 years, depending on the thickness of the hardened skin. This matches with the anime, because his quirk was not very strong and could not activate across his entire body when he was in middle school [4] . In fact, the quirk could even manifest throughout most of Kirishima’s cells, leaving a few un-hardened for movement, and the amount of silica needed would still be plausible to intake over such a time period provided his body’s ability to absorb it.

Another fun effect that corroborates with the source material is silicon-rich foods like spinach being prone to wearing teeth down, possibly leading to the strange, sharp teeth Kirishima possesses. Most likely he has them filed due to their continual wearing.

In summary, Kirishima’s body can absorb silicon ions, using detergent-like ionised molecules to force the ions into suspension. Then, the silicon is carried through the bloodstream to Kirishima’s cells. When his quirk is activated, a molecule, most likely some kind of enzyme, is released that destroys the ions responsible for keeping the silicon atoms in suspension. This causes them to react with the oxygen ions present in the cells and enzyme, creating silicate crystals within Kirishima’s cells. Some muscle cells are left without crystals in order to preserve movement, and some skin cells are kept softened for the same purposes. When the quirk is deactivated, more ionic molecules are released which bring the silicate back into suspension, softening the cells again.

[1] Season 2 Episode 16: In Their Own Quirky Ways

[2] Season 1 Episode 4: Start Line

[3] Season 4 Episode 68: Let’s Go, Gutsy Red Riot

[4] Season 4 Episode 72: Red Riot

 If you liked this investigation and want to have a say in the next one, then make sure to send a recommendation for which quirk I should investigate!

[livingcorner]

How to Grow Your Own Tomatoes, Part 2: Transplanting

You’ve sowed your tomato seeds, and now the seedlings stand like little green soldiers in your window, patiently waiting to be liberated from their pots and plunked into a warm bed of earth. What they don’t realize is that conditions are harsh in the outside world. Between desiccating winds, the heat of the sun, and armies of bugs and diseases that may be waiting in ambush, there is much that can go wrong for a young tomato plant. To help them along, there are two things you need to do before you transplant your seedlings: Prepare the soil and something gardeners call hardening off.

Hardening Off

“Hardening off” tomato seedlings means gradually introducing them to the outdoors. This should happen over a 10-day period. Acclimating tomato seedlings to outdoor conditions is a bit like helping your child adjust to kindergarten – it takes plenty of patience and hand-holding.

You're reading: How to Grow Your Own Tomatoes, Part 2: Transplanting

Read more: 5 Early Spring Veggies You Can Plant Now | Smart Pot Blog

Find a sheltered place outside where the seedlings can sit in filtered sunlight, out of the wind. One option is to string a shade cloth overhead and on the windward side.

Take your tomato seedlings outside and leave them in this protected place for a few hours on day one.

Bring them back inside.

On day two, leave them outdoors for a little longer.

Continue taking them back and forth each day, leaving them out a little longer each time and slowly increasing their sun exposure by inching them out of the shade.

After five or six days of going back and forth, leave the seedlings out overnight for the remaining four or five days. Keep an eye on the weather and bring them in if there is any danger of frost.

Soil Preparation

The warmer the soil is, the faster they will grow. And because heavy, waterlogged soil covered in weeds or cover crops is slow to warm up in spring, it’s helpful to prepare tomato beds a week or more before transplanting. Day one of the hardening-off period is a good time to start preparing the soil. Tomatoes prefer a location with 8 hours or more of direct sunlight and rich, well-drained soil.

Using a Rototiller or a digging fork, loosen the soil to a depth of at least 8 inches.

Spread 2 or 3 inches of compost over the surface and thoroughly mix it into the soil.

Using a hard metal rake, sculpt the loose soil into a low broad mound no more than 4 feet wide.

Transplanting

Tomatoes are ready for transplanting into the garden when the seedlings are 3 to 4 inches tall, and the nighttime temperatures are consistently above 50 degrees. Consult a biodynamic calendar or farmer’s almanac to time your planting according to the optimal alignment of the moon and other celestial bodies – or just plant them when you have the time.

Dig a hole in the middle of your tomato bed that is at least a few inches deeper than the depth of the pot the seedlings are in. Check the seed package for the recommended spacing between seedlings for each variety you are planting. Spacing is based on the mature size of the plant and may range from 30 to 60 inches (avoid the temptation to plant the tiny seedlings closer together – overcrowding can contribute to the spread of diseases).

Remove each seedling from its container and loosen the roots very gently.

Plant the seedlings deep with only the topmost leaves aboveground. This technique is a death knell for some plants, but it helps tomatoes in many ways, improving drought tolerance, root establishment and wind resistance.

Tamp the soil firmly around the seedlings with your hands and then give them their first watering.

Tips

A lot can go awry in the short life of a tomato plant, so take a few extra steps to give your seedlings the best chance for success:

Read more: Mulching Veggie Beds – How And When To Add Mulch In Vegetable Gardens

Tomatoes need slightly acidic soil conditions (a pH between 6 and 6.8 is ideal). You can test your soil pH with a kit available at most garden centers, though your local cooperative extension office likely offers the service for a small fee, too. Excessively acidic soil is remedied by adding lime; alkaline soil requires sulfur to lower the pH. It takes a few months to adjust the pH, so the fall before planting is the best time to add these amendments.

A long list of soil-borne pathogens prey on tomato plants, so it’s best to avoid planting them in the same part of the garden for too many years in a row. If last year was a bad year for blights or other tomato diseases, this year is a good time to move them to a different area.

After preparing beds for tomatoes, covering the soil with black plastic for a few weeks prior to planting is one way to get it warm. The air temperature may be above 50 degrees at night, but the soil is always colder. Black plastic absorbs the heat of the sun during the day and transfers it to the soil so it’s toasty once the seedlings go in. In cool climates with a short growing season, you can leave the plastic for the first few weeks after planting, putting the seedlings in the ground via a small slit.

A healthy dressing of compost at planting time is a must for tomatoes, but adding some fertilizer ensures they get off to a strong start. One method is to dig a trench down the middle of the bed, a couple inches below the depth where the roots will be planted, and spread a band of fertilizer for them to grow into. A bone meal-based fertilizer, which is high in phosphorus, is best for root establishment. A few weeks after planting, a fertilizer with a higher nitrogen content (such as those with blood meal, fish emulsion, or bat guano) can be applied on the surface of the beds to support lush vegetative growth.

Water your seedlings whenever the soil dries out an inch or two below the surface, which may be daily if a heat wave comes early. After three or four weeks of growth, mulch the beds with a thick layer of straw to conserve moisture and keep the weeds down.

Join us again in early June for part three of this series, where we learn the different options for staking, training and pruning tomatoes to keep them tidy, healthy and productive.

Source: https://livingcorner.com.au Category: Garden

source https://livingcorner.com.au/how-to-grow-your-own-tomatoes-part-2-transplanting/

[biophytopharm]

Phytotherapy: How to use Plants or Parts of Plants?

Phytotherapy: How to use Plants or Parts of Plants?

Phytotherapy: How to use Plants or Parts of Plants? Although there are currently many plants extracts in the form of food supplements that have the triple advantage of being easy to take, of not requiring any preparation effort, and often of offering a controlled content in Active ingredients, it can be a lot of fun to prepare your own herbal remedies (Phytotherapy). It is also in the interest of being able to use any of plants, provided that you have it at your fingertips. Not all plants are found in the form of food supplements. Take the simple example of the fragrant Woodruff: This small white flower that grows in the spring in the undergrowth and which is deliciously scented by drying... It is difficult to get it in capsules or in a tea bag. On the other hand, you only need a walk in the forest and a single harvest to enjoy it all year round! Harvesting plants or parts of plants What are you going to reap? Choose plants that you know well and that you are not likely to confuse. Some plants are poisonous. Nature is not always merciful with the picker... Just a few leaves of Laurel-Rose, a little hemlock, datura or digital to do you a lot of harm! The identification of plants is therefore paramount. The ideal, to learn, is to walk with a person keen in botany. There are also many structures, often associative, that offer hikes or even internships to discover the flora and its benefits. When you have filled your basket with leaves and flowers, what are you going to do with your harvest? First of all, check well, one last time, that you have correctly identified the plants. If necessary, look on a guide to the Flora or, in this book, and carefully compare the descriptions; But, again, there is nothing like doing his pickings accompanied by a connoisseur, at least the first few times. Depending on the time of flowering, maturity and the parts of plants concerned, harvest times vary. In spring and summer, it is mainly planted, whose active ingredients are concentrated in the leaves, and especially the flowers that are interesting. Choose a dry and sunny day avoiding the stormy atmosphere. Make your harvest preferably in the morning, when the dew is completely evaporated, or failing in the evening, but before the moisture has fallen. Plants or parts of plants must not be wet, otherwise, they may ferment and rot, and lose all their qualities. The Necessary Equipment Sharp scissors and knives are imperative for cutting the rods sharply. To prevent the plants from spoiling, be careful not to crush them: a basket is the best container to deposit your pick. It is strongly advisable not to mix the different parts of plants during the harvest. You can take several baskets, otherwise, you only collect one plant during your walk. And most importantly, do not let your crop piled up in the basket when you get home: When you return, take care of your plants. Where to pick? The more the place of your picking will be from the urban areas and the crops, the better your harvest will be. Nothing beats a place a little wild. Pay close attention to the plant environment: if there are a few fields in the vicinity that are regularly planted with fertilizers and pesticides, there is no need to linger. Do not pick contaminated plants. Avoid also dust-covered plants that grow along roadsides and roads. We never wash the parts of plants that we collect, so they must be clean when picking. The Basic Rules When picking up or cutting plants, dispose of small wastes (other plants, debris, etc.) before putting them in your basket. This is much easier to do at harvest time than later on. be strict on quality, because the plant must be perfect: wilts, discolorations, leaves nibbled and stains are all faults to be taken into account. Especially since defects are often contagious and you may "condemn" your entire crop. Dry and Keep To dry the roots, flowers, bulbs, berries, and fruits, hang them or spread them without overweight on racks or crates, usually in the shade in an airy place (e.g. in the attic). If the roots are fleshy, it is better to cut them into slices. The stems and leaves can be dried in the sun. Once your plants are dried, distribute them, without mixing them, in paper bags, envelopes of letters or cardboard boxes. Avoid plastic and metal... and shoe boxes, even new ones (to prevent the plants from absorbing bad odors). If you Grow your Own Plants Aromatic and medicinal plants (parts of plants) are generally quite undemanding, often those that grow wild in wastelands. They won't make any trouble to invade your garden! Preferably put them in a place sheltered from the wind. If you don't want to ask questions, sow and replant in sterile soil. If you are a perfectionist, you should know that garlic, rosemary, alchemilla, marjoram, mint, hyssop, sage, oregano, juniper, laurel, hazel, lime, campaniles, poppy, Blueberry, and bus prefer a slightly alkaline soil: spread once or twice a year from Ashes of wood and limestone. In addition, Citronella, borage, knapweed, chamomile, thyme, fennel, lavender, and bulbous or tuber plants prefer more sandy land. Therefore, separate these two broad categories. Planting They sow as soon as March under a greenhouse or in the House near a window exposed to the south and, after the frosts, in the shelter, until July. Seedlings are usually carried out on potting soil, spacing the seeds, and then lightly filling them with the dish of the hand. Most aromatic plants germinate at 15-21 °c within a few days. You will transplant 4 to 6 weeks later. If you have late sowing, you will leave it in place by spacing the seedlings. Follow the instructions on the pouch to see how much water to sprinkle or what is the best germination temperature. In summer (June, July), you can make a seedling directly in place (without subculturing). The Division Every 2 or 3 years, divide the woody plants (thyme, rosemary, Lavender...) or bushy (sage, Queen of the Meadows, chamomile, St. John's Wort, Mint...): It is enough to clear the Earth on one side, to separate the roots by hand, to replant and to water. Cuttings It's pretty hard to succeed, but it's worth a try when you have no seeds or roots: cut it in a neat, slanted way, about ten centimeters above the hard part of the stem. Remove the leaves on one-third of the stem. Plunge the cutting into the water, wait for it to produce roots, and then replant it in a pot with potting soil. Before fall, replant in the middle of the earth. Potted culture Most medicinal plants (basil, lavender, rosemary, serpolet, hyssop, mint, parsley, queen-of-Meadows, St. John's Wort...) can be grown in pots. The larger and deeper the container, the more the plants will spread. If you grow your plants inside, make sure, on the one hand, that the room temperature does not exceed 18 to 19 ° and, on the other hand, that the plant has natural light at least 8 hours per day. Herbal remedies generally do not appreciate draughts, think about it when you decide on the place you reserve them in the house. Herbal Teas What if I told you that nothing would ever replace a good herbal tea? It's true, it's a little time, you have to heat water, wait until it boils or it infuses, but frankly, it's worth it! Because while you're "caring", you drink! Good water loaded with active ingredients. Moreover, even if, a few years ago, the herbal teas were relegated in the "Grandma" ray with slight contempt, they are again in the stern. You can choose a single plant or mix them, depending on the tastes or effects you are looking for. Apart from some recipes coming from famous herbalists, I took the party, in this Bible, to propose simple herbal teas according to the indications: Linden Flowers against the flu, Hawthorn in case of palpitations, dandelion roots for the liver ... But each time, many plants can be useful and it is quite possible to mix them. To do this, you have to choose plants or parts of plants that can be prepared together: if you put roots that must be boiled to extract the active ingredients with flowers that only support the simmering water, this will not be appropriate Not. For example, queen-of-meadow flowers should not be boiled with burdock root: The Queen of the Meadows would lose many of its active ingredients during the boil. In case of rheumatism, for example, you can mix the leaves of blackcurrants and flowers of queen-of-meadows equally and drink 3 cups of herbal tea a day (1 tablespoon of the mixture infused 10 minutes in a cup of boiling water). If you have skin problems, boil 40 g of a burdock root mixture and wild thought for 10 minutes and then infuse 5 minutes before filtering. Drink the mixture in the daytime. If you are preparing enough herbal tea for 1 or 2 days, keep it cool and, depending on your taste, make it more or less warm when you drink it. What you Need for your Preparations Carefully choose your equipment by preferring enameled pots and wooden spoons. The fewer plants are in contact with metal or plastic, the better. Avoid aluminum utensils and containers that can be toxic and that the plants absorb. To preserve your herbal teas, prefer cardboard boxes or glass stoppers that you store in the shelter of light. Depending on the plants and especially the parts of plants used to make their herbal tea, the method of preparation is different. Infusion is well suited to flowers and leaves in general, the most fragile parts of plants. The decoction is mainly used for roots, stems, and barks. The water used must be as pure as possible and weakly mineralized, such as spring water or, better still, osmosis water. Avoid tap water. We often have the habit of drinking herbal teas in the evenings, but they can accompany the days. Why not take the habit of drinking 1 liter of herbal tea between meals, for example? By varying the mixes according to your tastes and the effects you expect. The Brew It consists of pouring boiling water on plants at the precise moment when the water boils. You then put the plants in the water, stir lightly and cover the pan. Then allow the necessary time (from a few minutes to 1 hour depending on the plants) to brew. You can beat with a tea whip (bamboo) or a wooden spoon to speed up the diffusion of active ingredients. When the brewing time is enough, filter and drink. You can eventually sweeten with honey, but the ideal is still the "pure" herbal tea unless you have a sore throat. In this case, honey will be ideal. Prefer bulk plants rather than tea bags that often contain "crumbs" or even plant dust. The Decoction In this case, it is a matter of putting plants in cold water and then heating up the water to the boil. The boiling time can range from 2 minutes to ½ hour depending on the selected plant (or plants) and the hardness of the plant parts used. Then you leave or not brew, always holding a lid on the pan. And of course, we filter before we drink. The Maceration The plants are left to soak in a liquid: water, alcohol, oil, honey, wine, vinegar, etc., for a period of at least 15 days. The preparations obtained are a little more complicated but keep longer. So we can always have it on hand. Other Preparations, to Buy or to do at Home The juice You have to reduce the plant to puree. It is better to do it with fresh plants, but sometimes – when the plant is too thick or gives little juice – it is necessary to cook it in a little water. Once the pulp purée is obtained, filter and drink the juice diluted in a little water or use it in a compress. This method is rarely used because the "product" obtained is often very bitter and does not retain. Compresses and Poultices Compresses and poultices are mainly used in cases of skin problems, sprains, fractures, and muscle or joint pain. Use only perfectly healthy plants. You can associate them with vegetable oil (olive oil, for example) or clay or honey according to the different recipes to follow scrupulously. Avoid compresses and poultices on the belly. Proceed in steps: Leave in place for 20 minutes. Start again 2 hours later with a new compress and leave 30 minutes, etc. Never reuse a compress or poultice. Throw them absolutely. • Compress: A compressor a clean cloth is soaked with a concentrated infusion or a plant decoction, then applied to the skin and maintained by a bandage. • Poultice: The plant can be applied directly to the skin when the leaves or flowers are fine. Otherwise, they can be heated in water or lightly crushed to the rolling pin so that the active ingredients penetrate faster. Hold with a cloth or a strip. Medicinal wines It is a matter of making macerate the plant fresh or dried in wine (white or red, but preferably organic) for a few days to several weeks according to the "Recipes" before filtering by expressing well the saps of the plant. These wines can be kept for several months at the expense. In general, a small glass of medicinal wine is drunk before or after each meal, as an aperitif or as a digestive. Syrups Infusions or decoctions with added honey or unrefined sugar allow making syrups that can be preserved for up to 1 year. Just mix a ½ liter of brew or decoction to 500 g of honey or sugar and heat on a low heat stirring until you get a syrup. Then it is consumed as a commercial syrup, diluting it to 1 tablespoon in a glass of water or, better, in a herbal tea. With some fruits and vegetables, you can also make cold syrups. This is the case, for example, of the numerous Antiall syrups based on black radish, turnip, carrot, onion... A few slices of the vegetable in a plate with a little powdered sugar and the juice is formed naturally. Medicinal Essential oils Applied in friction on the skin, plant oils are most often used to relieve rheumatism or improve circulation, or even to soothe burns, itching... It is used, depending on the case, the dry or fresh plant, in pieces, which is put to macerate in olive oil. To improve the extraction, the oil must heat up, without reaching a temperature too high. So we use Bain-marie or just solar energy. Wines, oils, and syrups should be placed in tinted glass bottles and kept free of light in a cool place. Mother Tinctures These alcoholic plant extracts, very concentrated, are often very practical to use (a few drops in a glass of water morning and evening). Until recently, pharmacies were readily available, but they seem to be getting more and more scarce, hence the importance of learning how to prepare them. After all, you are never better served than by yourself! To make a mother tincture, the dried or freshly chopped plant must be macerate in strong alcohol (brandy, rum, vodka) as pure as possible in a jar. You can also use a mortar and a pestle to first crush your plant carefully. You then put the plant and its juices in the bottom of a jar and you cover with alcohol. Leave Macerate 2 to 3 weeks, shaking the jar well firm every day. Then filter the maceration, finally, by pressing strongly to recover all the juices. Then pour in small tinted vials on which you paste a nice label with the Latin name of the plant and the date. The dye is preserved for several years. Homeopathic remedies Once you have the mother tincture, you can create your own homeopathic remedies: you put 1 drop of mother tincture in a vial. In another vial, you mix 10 cl of strong alcohol (whiskey, cognac, vodka, brandy...) and 50 cl of pure water (type Mount Rocous or osmosis). At the drop of mother tincture, you add 99 drops of the water-alcohol mixture. You seal the bottle and you shake. Count at least 100 shakes: you get 1 ch dilution. Take 1 drop of this dilution, add 99 drops of the water-alcohol mixture, you get a 2-ch dilution, and so on until the selected dilution. The glycerinated macers These are plant bud extracts. The plant is macerate for about 3 weeks in a mixture composed of one-third of alcohol, one-third of glycerine and one-third of pure water, shaking the vial every day, then filtered and stored in a dark place, in a vial of tinted glass, if possible. The floral elixirs close to homeopathy, the therapy by the floral elixirs is intended to rebalance our emotional system. This method uses remedies developed from mother tinctures of plants strongly diluted in alcohol. At the beginning of the twentieth century, Dr. Edward Bach created 39 remedies, mostly stemming from flowers or the expression ≪ flowers by Bach ≫. Other researchers have since developed other remedies from other flowers, which is why the expression floral elixirs are now used. You can also make them yourself, by preparing a mother essence, to dilute according to the needs. To prepare an elixir, you have to choose your season, which will necessarily be sunny. In a bowl, pour 2 liters of water and cover the surface with fresh flowers of the chosen plant, Évitan to touch them too much. Leave this bowl exposed in the sun for a morning or afternoon of great sunshine, then filter and pour enough liquid in a vial to fill it half, then complete with cognac (bio, if possible!). You can sacrifice the rest of the maceration. To make your elixir, pour 30 ml of cognac in a small vial of tinted glass and add 2 drops of your initial mixture of maceration and cognac (to be kept in the shade and cool). Essential Oils Essential oils are oily, volatile and fragrant products, secreted by aromatic plants. They are extracted by water vapor distillation or simple cold expression so that the active principles are perfectly preserved. An extraction requires a specific material and therefore difficult to do at home. On the other hand, the use of essential oils, powerful concentrates of plants, is relatively easy, provided never to exceed the recommended doses. For this, I invite you to refer to the numerous works of Danièle Festy, specialist of the subject. Essential oils are used internally: 1 to 3 drops in 1 teaspoon of honey. But they are mainly used by external means: Massage (in combination with vegetable oil and Essential Oil), inhalation, dispersion, bath, etc. Essential oils are bought in pharmacies, para-pharmacies, and natural products stores. Choose from organic farming, with the AB label. Food supplements There are also many "ready-made" products marketed in pharmacies, para-pharmacies, natural products stores or mail order sales. Again, when you have a choice, prefer the brands that have the AB label (organic farming). You will find capsules, tablets, liquid extracts, pure or mixed plants. Remember to always accompany their intake of a lot of water. amzn_assoc_placement = "adunit0"; amzn_assoc_search_bar = "true"; amzn_assoc_tracking_id = "gardensnurs0b-20"; amzn_assoc_search_bar_position = "bottom"; amzn_assoc_ad_mode = "search"; amzn_assoc_ad_type = "smart"; amzn_assoc_marketplace = "amazon"; amzn_assoc_region = "US"; amzn_assoc_title = "Shop Related Products"; amzn_assoc_default_search_phrase = "herbal"; amzn_assoc_default_category = "Grocery"; amzn_assoc_linkid = "a1818c9f3bb675d9f4d806f8fb9933b1"; amzn_assoc_default_browse_node = "16310101"; Follow us: Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || ).push({}); Read the full article

[volcanofandom]

CAN YOU WALK ON LAVA?

By Erik Klemetti Posted 01/12/12 on Science

The lava lake at Puʻu ʻŌʻō crater on Kilauea in early March, 2011 (image courtesy of the USGS/HVO). Care to take a stroll across it?

THE RESPONSE TO my post about what might happen, contrary to Hollywood's vision, if you fell into lava was, to say the least, amazing. Thanks for everyone who has read the original so far. I have gotten a lot of comments about that post, so I'm trying to respond to some of them (sorry if I didn't pick yours) to tackle some of the current questions and criticisms for my analysis – the idea that you aren't to likely to quickly sink into the lava lake, but rather burn yourself to a crisp like a hush puppy in hot oil (well, a hush puppy in molten iron). So, enjoy this followup and see what I suggest as some of the best ways to navigate a lava flow.

Paul: In another stupid disaster movie, sweaty survivors cross over a pond of lava on a horizontal fire truck ladder. In reality, the radiant heat would cause clothes and skin to burst into flame within seconds, even at a distance (incident infrared radiation would be the same at 20 ft as at 1 ft.). And the aluminum ladder would sag very quickly.

Me (Erik): That is one of the many aspects of *Volcano *that bother me – you know, other than a scoria cone erupting from the La Brea tar pits. I think to most people, the heat from a lava flow is the same as the heat from your oven. However, most ovens get to 525°F / 273°C on broil, so the average basaltic lava flow as shown in Volcano would be about four to five times hotter.

Cory: Consider, a body (of a certain weight) falling from a substantial height into a pool of lava that is of a certain variable viscosity—differing at different depths, AND flowing with underlying current. A body might then penetrate the surface to some necessary extent, and be pulled under by strong currents of high-viscosity molten rock flowing below. True, a body is not necessarily ‘sinking’ as is more familiar to us in our ‘normal experience’ (considering only the relative densities of a ‘still’ fluid and an object), however, the hapless Gollum (or, some other body) may, nevertheless, be observed ‘sinking’ into the lava after striking the surface.

Me (Erik): Cory has an interesting point – if there were active currents in the lava flow (see below), you could get “pulled in” as if you fell into a flowing river. However, the viscosity and density differences would still not allow you to sink. It would be like a stick on a stream – even when caught in the current, the stick wants to float rather than get entrained.

How about surfing a lava flow? We haven't talked about that yet?

Bob: Sadly - you've got something else wrong. At those temperatures, you wouldn't burst into flames. Considering the human body is made up of 80% water, the portions of your body that come in contact with the lava would generate huge amounts of steam, which would likely have sufficient pressure to blow you up off of the surface (at those temps the transformation of water to steam will expand by a volumetric factor in the thousands almost instantly).

I work in the metals industry, and the fear of steam explosions is a constant. At our facility, well before things like OSHA were around to keep everyone safe, an individual fell into a furnace three feet deep, full of molten aluminum (roughly 760°C). He was blown back out of the furnace, and actually died from the impact of that as opposed to anything else.

Me (Erik): I think the key limitation here is how that steam would escape – remember, all that water is conveniently kept in a sack of skin, so first you’d have to get that steam out of that sack. I think I’ll leave it at that. However, Bob's story does seem to lend credence to the idea that the steam could pop you right back off the lava.

Paul: But isn't that assuming he just sort of walks off the edge and it's right under him? After watching the video of the film on YouTube, I count that he falls for seven seconds. While I don't know offhand if that would allow for him to reach terminal velocity, would not the velocity of his fall, in effect, ADD something to his weight (at least in terms of downward acceleration) for the purposes of penetrating the viscosity resistance of the lava below? Assuming that Middle Earth has a similar gravity to the Earth, the downward acceleration of 9.81 m/s, at 7 seconds, would result in Gollum hitting the lava with a velocity of 68.67 m/s - surely that would affect how he hits the lava (or would it still be magma, as it is still technically in the earth and not on the surface)?

Marc: I realize this entire post is satirical, but if I were to jump into lava and land on my feet, my entire weight would be applied over about 1/2 sq ft. My density wouldn't be at issue, but instead the pressure I'm applying to the lava would. Granted I might not sink, but I might end up without the lower part of my legs.

Me (Erik): This is one thing I didn’t fully tackle in the original. However, think about jumping into the water from a diving board. You penetrate the surface but are usually forced back to it by your buoyancy relative to water. Water is much less viscous than lava, so it would be much easier to penetrate the surface and sink in by some depth, so if you fell the same way into lava, you wouldn’t penetrate nearly as deep. However, it would take much longer to rise back (likely longer than it would take to burn you to embers) due to that increased viscosity of lava as well.

Boris: I picked a huge chunk of dense, cold lava from the surface - it weighed a good 20 kilos - and threw it through the skylight onto the bright golden-yellow lava surface, where it impacted without creating the least bit of a dent, but rather burst into numerous pieces. If I had thrown a human being instead of that large rock, probably that unfortunate person would have burst into flame and largely evaporated before touching the lava surface. You get an idea about the heat in such environments when standing on the rim of a skylight over a lava tube - if you stand on the wrong (downwind) side, you will soon feel how your eyelashes, eyebrows and hair are seared by the heat.

In contrast, at Kilauea there are documented cases of people sinking into small pahoehoe lava flows. One of them was familiar with Etna's more viscous lavas and believed he could likewise step onto a Hawaiian lava flow, which resulted in him breaking through the crust covering the lava, and his trousers catching fire. That was very painful, and an even worse incident happened to an American volcanologist in 1985, who somehow came to SIT on an active pahoehoe lobe and slowly his legs began to sink into it, while he frantically tried to push the incandescent lava from his legs with his NAKED HANDS. So, no doubt, you can sink into a Hawaiian (tholeiitic basaltic) lava flow, and since the lavas of Erta-Ale and Nyiragongo are very similar (the latter volcanoes are still more fluid), I guess you would easily sink into those lavas, too. Unless, of course, these lavas occur in the form of lava lakes, where you'd presumably evaporate practically in the same instant you step on the lava surface.

Ed K: I think the alkalic lava at Nyiragongo probably behaves more like the stereotypical Hollywood lava.

Me (Erik): Boris has another good, first-hand account of throwing something in lava – if a rock doesn’t penetrate the surface of a flow, then the likelihood of a person to do so, even if they fell from a great height, seems unlikely. The story from Hawai’i, however, does show you can slowly sink into a lava flow – and, as Boris and Ed point out, certain lava types, such as the alkaline basalts of Erta’Ale, might make sinking easier because of their lower viscosity. Alkaline basalts are called that because they contain, proportionally, more sodium and potassium (alkaline elements) than other lavas. This extra Na and K breaks up the bonds between silicon and oxygen, lowering the viscosity of the magma. If you really wanted to have the best chance of sinking to your fate in lava, try to super-odd carbonitite lavas of Oldoinyo Lengai in Tanzania.

JayS: So, with the right shoes, you could run over lava?

Me (Erik): I thought about this some and, in theory, I would say the answer is “yes”. You’d need something like snow shoes, except instead of a mesh you have a sole of some heat resistant material. You don’t want to use anything that will transfer heat, so maybe the best bet would be asbestos – probably at least 25 cm thick. You’d want the soles to be big so they can block some of the radiant heat from the lava and you’d need to wear a heat-resistant suit (see right) as well. And you’d need to walk reeeeal slowly because falling down is not an option. The biggest issue would be that as you walk, you will sink a little into the lava and the viscosity of the lava means you will “go with the flow.” Most molten lava at the surface has some flow to it, even in a lava lake, as the hot lava churns, so the closest equivalent to this might be trying to walk across moving ice. Except you stick to the ice. And you’ll burn to a crisp if you lose your balance. So, possible “maybe” but I wouldn’t want to be on the Japanese gameshow that makes you try this out.

Claude G: Two [of them] got serious burns in Iceland and New Zealand as the crust broke under their feet on a geothermal field. The other two got much more serious burns on Lengai and Kilauea (Boris knows one of them) when a lava tube broke under the weight of their bodies. Contrary to what many people think, it would be a great mistake to walk on a lava field on Kilauea wearing fireproof boots. As long as you can bear the heat, it means lava is strong enough for you to walk on it. If your shoes start taking fire, just move away!

Me (Erik): More evidence that walking on lava might be feasible, but not recommended. I imagine more people have accidentally ended up in thin lava flows and live to tell the tale. Oddly, I don't know if I've ever seen anything about someone falling into a lava lake and dying – at least with anyone around to tell the tale.

RP Bird: Here is Gollum's death from Return: "...and then with a shriek he fell. Out of the depths came his last wail Precious, and he was gone."

Me (Erik): I can handle the questions of magma, but my Tolkien knowledge isn’t as sharp.

Greeble: I have personally walked on VERY slow moving lava at Kileua in nothing more than tennis shoes! I only did it for about 15-20 seconds, and it damaged the shoes, but I didn't sink in the least bit. A local did it first, and then I had to try it as well. As the local said, "Dude, it's rock. It's just really HOT rock. Would you sink into a bucket of gravel?"

Me (Erik): It sounds like here you were walking on A’a lava instead of pahoehoe, which is what is normally pictured in Hollywood films. A’a is cooler and slower moving, almost like a pile of hot rubble moving like a tractor-tread. That should be a lot easier to walk across than the less viscous pahoehoe lava.

214Jim: If the lava is outgassing, the gasses dispersed therein would make its density considerably lower, allowing a body to sink below the lava's surface. E.g., a ship attempting to sail through subsurface gas vent of sufficient size would promptly sink as though someone had yanked the rug from under it. (Yes, this has happened in the offshore oil industry.) But it's possible that the intense heat would cause a falling body to reach combustion temperature before it even reached the lava.

Me (Erik): This is an interesting idea – the viscosity of a magma will go down with increased volatile (mostly water vapor and carbon dioxide) content. It might not work exactly like methane bubbles in the ocean causing boats to sink as high bubble content in a lava might lead to an explosive eruption, but theoretically, volatiles could help you more readily sink.

Jan S: Does that also mean that Dante's Peak riding a truck over the lava is actually closer to reality than Gollum? Or is the truck's density (it's mostly steel after all) too high to not get stuck?

Me (Erik): This one is tricky – the scene in Dante’s Peak where our hero Pierce Brosnan (right) guns a pickup truck over a lava flow (successfully – and they even rescue the dog!) is very different than Gollum’s fate. First off, the lava flow in the scene from Dante’s Peak is thinner. Also, Pierce has the advantage that he’s not the one burning, so he can use the progressive ablation of the tires on the truck to his advantage. However, one thing that has always bothered me: Why didn’t the gas tank explode? It should have heated so rapidly when the bottom of the truck over the lava that you would think that the flashpoint for gas should have been passed, so Pierce and co. would have blown up before they could ever save Rover … but this may be a quandary for another day.

Simon Smith: In the Top Gear episode, tire temperature was maintained with water spray except when he stopped. All four tires caught fire after which he got rolling again...tires were extinguished but didn't fail.

Me (Erik): This might be one way to keep things from getting too hot – a constant spray of water to keep things cool. I have to admit, I haven’t seen this on Top Gear, but I imagine the water helps in both keeping the tires intact and from the gas tank from exploding. Problem might be the amount of water you might need to keep things cool.

Aruisdante: You would likely sublimate well before you died of asphyxiation if you flat out fell into lava. While your lungs would almost undoubtedly be irrevocably charred from the hot air above the lava (assuming relatively static air conditions over the lava), it takes about 80 seconds for the average human to fall unconscious from lack of oxygen, and I highly doubt your body will last that long.

Me (Erik): This is another aspect I didn’t really tackle – what happens on the way down or, in other words, is it the lava that will kill you when all is said and done.

Frank: Wouldn't the temperature just roast your body or would you pop like a tick with your now boiling blood? Hairs would certainly be the first to go, bones last?

Movie agents, note that my movie is a period piece! (Modified from images by pandrcutts, cruccone and coolinsights.

NZMCA: It didn't quite say beyond the obvious (that one bobs on top of lava) what really happens when you fall into it. Do you combust? Do you burn slow, writhing in agony as your flesh is seared? Come to think of it, the One Ring behaved correctly, floating gently on top and melting away like a truffle on top of a grill...

Me (Erik): I think your actual demise might vary – not to be too gruesome, but might a 150-pound marathon run see a different fate than a 400-lb sumo wrestler (see above)?

Summary: The long and short here is that you might be able to make it across lava if you have the right equipment – maybe a 4x4 truck with a 10-cm layer of asbestos across the bottom and a 1000-liter tank of water constantly spraying your vulcanized rubber tires. Then again, I have trouble envisioning a situation where you might need to employ this, except, of course, in the next big disaster movie where lava flows spread across London. I’ll be taking bids from agents/studios for that script (tentatively titled either *London Bridge is Melting Down *or Mount Python Frying Circus.)

Images: 1) USGS/HVO. 2) Schizoform/Flickr. 3) Interpretive Arson/Flickr. 4) Modified from Flickr images by pandrcutts, cruccone and coolinsights.

[matts4-blog1]

Spaceship Earth 2050

Today, well yesterday we were given our third brief for studio, and it’s all about creating a video that looks into speculative design aspects (which is a long word used for inventions that have no place in the commercial world but are more used for creating “what-if” situations in people or viewers. Pretty much what this means is that we have to create a design artefact that showcases a “what-if” speculation for what a “preferable future” could be in 2050 regarding the problem of e-Waste. 

A preferable future just in the most basic descriptions is a future that is influenced by every sector of life “Including ethicists, political scientists and economists”  but is not completely limited to just facts, it still has some speculation involved so that the this future can be embraced, and “Can give experts permission to let their imaginations flow freely, give material expression to the insights generated, ground these imaginings in everyday situations”  So pretty much what we are being asked to do is create a possible ‘portrait’ that isn’t exactly precise in its estimations but provides a nice common ground for people to think and add their own insights to what could potentially also happen, of what the earth is like in the year 2050. But in this brief we are limited to only going into the effects that e-Waste will have on this Spaceship Earth in 2050. Which is actually a good thing because due to our time constraints it gives us a nice area to research and fully understand but also it covers a rather large amount of ‘stuff’ so it gives us the opportunity to all have individual out looks and understandings on this one big issue. 

All quotes in bold and italics from Dunne & Raby, 2013

So now that I’ve unpacked what the brief is actually trying to ask from me I have to understand the problem that is facing this ‘Spaceship Earth’ which is the problem of e-Waste 

e-Waste

e-Waste itself is a shorted term for Electronic Waste and is referring to “ E-waste is a popular, informal name for electronic products nearing the end of their "useful life." Computers, televisions, VCRs, stereos, copiers, and fax machines are common electronic products. Many of these products can be reused, refurbished, or recycled - (link).” So pretty much what e-Waste is, is just pieces of electronics that are put into landfills and rubbish piles by people because they don’t work anymore and don’t know how to fix it so instead of reusing and recycling them they deem them obsolete and put them into their rubbish bins. What is so bad about people throwing electronics into landfills and e-Waste dumping sites is that there is alot of toxic chemicals that are found in electronic componentry that can leach out if they are left in landfills which in turn would harmfully effect the environment and can potentially seep into water supply’s creating a whole bunch of extra problems. Also a large amount of e-waste is being shipped over to developing countries to be ‘disposed’ of where they end up just burning them which releases a multitude of toxic gases into the atmosphere and makes the workers there have very high exposure levels to this which is very dangerous. 

So these are the basic points of what e-Waste looks like around the world and why its such a big global problem, but now to get some understanding in the depth and scope of the issue I’ll show some facts and stats around the issue.

Every year around “20 to 50 million metric tons of e-waste are disposed worldwide - (here).” Which is a considerable amount of trash, although this is only 0.002% of rubbish that is created each year globally (50 million tons is 0.002% of 2.6 trillion tons which is the global trash each year as according to here), e-Waste is so hazardous because they include so many toxins, although it is hard to estimate what percentage of all of the e-Waste is just pure toxic waste we can see that a large proportion of materials that electronic goods are made up of can be toxic because things like PVC which is the most common plastic used in Electronics  

“Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is the most widely-used plastic, used in everyday electronics and appliances, household items, pipes, upholstrery etc. PVC is hazardous because contains up to 56 percent chlorine which when burned produces large quantities of hydrogen chloride gas, which combines with water to form hydrochloric acid and is dangerous because when inhaled, leads to respiratory problems.”

Plus a multitude of other toxic substances that are commonly found in most e-Waste products i.e

“- PCB (polychlorinated biphenyls)Condensers, Transformers - TBBA (tetrabromo-bisphenol-A) - PBB (polybrominated biphenyls) - PBDE (polybrominated diphenyl ethers)Fire retardants for plastics (thermoplastic components, cable insulation) TBBA is presently the most widely used flame retardant in printed wiring boards and casings. - Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)Cooling unit, Insulation foam - PVC (polyvinyl chloride)Cable insulation Heavy metals and other metals: - ArsenicSmall quantities in the form of gallium arsenide within light emitting diodes - BariumGetters in CRT - BerylliumPower supply boxes which contain silicon controlled rectifiers and x-ray lenses - CadmiumRechargeable NiCd-batteries, fluorescent layer (CRT screens), printer inks and toners, photocopying-machines (printer drums) - Chromium VIData tapes, floppy-disks - LeadCRT screens, batteries, printed wiring boards - LithiumLi-batteries - MercuryFluorescent lamps that provide backlighting in LCDs, in some alkaline batteries and mercury wetted switches - NickelRechargeable NiCd-batteries or NiMH-batteries, electron gun in CRT - Rare Earth elements (Yttrium, Europium)Fluorescent layer (CRT-screen) - SeleniumOlder photocopying-machines (photo drums) - Zinc sulphideInterior of CRT screens, mixed with rare earth metals Others: - Toner DustToner cartridges for laser printers / copiers Radio-active substances - AmericiumMedical equipment, fire detectors, active sensing element in smoke detectors - (here).”

Which almost all of these having very bad or at least negative health and environmental effects. 

All of these toxic materials add up “E-waste represents 2% of America's trash in landfills, but it equals 70% of overall toxic waste - (here).” which is an astonishing figure. 

Personally this makes me start to ponder about the true long term affects that these toxic chemicals can have on people and the environment. So I think that I am going to choose a specific piece of e-Waste and research the effects and the issues that surround that piece of technology specifically so I can start to narrow down my research fields. 

And for this project as of now I’m going to be researching the wonder of light bulbs and their place in the e-Waste issue, So I’ll dissect a light bulb and collect some meta-data of what are inside the bulbs then do some research on what those and if those materials have an effect on the environment and people.

[ghaw2007]

10 Bentonite Clay Benefits

10 Bentonite Clay Benefits

1. Used on the Skin to Help Heal Poison Ivy, Dermatitis and Wounds

When combined with water and left to dry on the skin as a clay mask, the clay is able to bind to bacteria and toxins living on the surface of the skin and within pores to extract these from the pores. This helps to reduce the outbreak of blemishes, alleviate redness, and also to fight allergic reactions from irritating lotions or face washes, and even helps heal poison ivy. (2)

Thanks to the clay’s special ability to act as an antibiotic treatment when applied topically to the skin, the clay can help to calm skin infections, like contact dermatitis, and speed up healing time of wounds, even when prescription antibiotics were not able to help solve the problem. (1, 3)

Topical application of bentonite clay has even been shown to heal Buruli ulcer, which is a “flesh-eating” infection resulting from Mycobacterium ulcerans bacteria generally seen in third-world countries. (4)

Some people have reported using bentonite clay as a soaking liquid to remove toxins on the skin.

2. Supports Healthy Digestion

By removing toxins, digestive-distress causing chemicals and heavy metals from the gut, bentonite clay helps to promote digestion. Research has also shown that, in animals, bentonite clay can bind to particular toxins like “aflatoxins” that are common in the standard diet, found usually on improperly stored food products. (5, 6) When left unattended, an influx of aflatoxins can contribute to liver damage and potentially even the onset of certain cancers.

In a study using cows, scientists found that bentonite clay molecules bound to bovine rotavirus and bovine coronavirus, two major viruses that contribute to gastroenteritis (referred to as stomach flu in people). (7) Variations of both of these viruses can also be present in human beings.

Thanks to its ability to neutralize bacteria in the gut and kill viruses, bentonite clay helps to alleviate many digestive problems. Some people use bentonite clay as relief for nausea and vomiting by pregnant women, as a safe way to remedy constipation, and to help with IBS.

It’s possible that the reason people find relief in these situations has to do with the way bentonite protects the lining of your intestines from letting toxins through, which would otherwise contribute to leaky gut. (8, 9) So far, this effect has only been observed in animals, but may also apply in human subjects.

Bentonite clay may benefit your pets as well. It is safe for pet consumption within your own home and can alleviate pet’s nausea and vomiting in the same way. You can add bentonite clay to your pet’s water to help reduce symptoms like vomiting. Mix one-fourth cup or less of the clay into their water until it dissolves; they should not taste anything or even notice that it’s there, but should feel better pretty quickly. (10)

3. May Promote Weight Loss

As part of a healthy diet containing plenty of alkaline foods, natural detox drinks and probiotics/prebiotics, bentonite clay was found to contribute to weight loss in healthy men over a 21-day period. The participants, overall, also saw improvement in total cholesterol. (11)

Because of the uncontrolled nature of this study, it is not possible to determine how influential bentonite clay, as a single element, was on the observed weight loss, so these results should be approached with caution. To date, no controlled, human studies exist to reflect this benefit.

However, a 2016 trial in rats tested the impact of bentonite clay on weight loss and found that the supplement was correlated with weight loss as well as decreased cholesterol. (12)

4. Helps with Thyroid Function

In rats and mice, bentonite clay helps to absorb certain thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), resulting in the alleviation of hyperthyroidism. (13) This result suggests bentonite might potentially help people keep thyroid levels down, although the test has not been duplicated in humans as of yet.

5. Stops Growth of Two Cancer Cell Lines in a Lab

A lab study conducted in 2016 discovered that bentonite clay stopped the growth of cancer cell line U251, a human cancer cell found in a central nervous cancer called glioblastoma. However, another cell line was grown larger when exposed to the substance. The researchers explained that the cell formations and swelling of bentonite clay is the reason for this, and that it could potentially be effective against specific types of cancers (like glioblastomas), but not others. (14)

Another lab experiment observed bentonite clay caused cell death of Caco-2 cells, a colorectal cancer line. In this study, the clay exhibited a large amount of oxidative stress upon just the cancer cells without damaging the DNA. (15)

6. Boosts Immunity by Killing Harmful Bacteria and Viruses

Bentonite clay was also found to be effective at killing harmful bacteria. In a study published by the Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, “results indicate that specific mineral products have intrinsic, heat-stable antibacterial properties, which could provide an inexpensive treatment against numerous human bacterial infections.” (1)

More research is still needed on the topic, but results of studies so far appear to be promising in terms of how the clay can be used as a treatment for these gut-related illnesses. On top of killing these types of infections and viruses, bentonite clay benefits your immune system by keeping the gut wall strong. (8,9)

Much of the immune system actually lives inside of the gut microbiome, and when the gut wall is compromised, toxins are better able to leach into the bloodstream and cause serious problems. By protecting the gut wall and decreasing the amount of pesticides, toxins, bacteria and chemicals that could potentially enter the blood, the body is better able to protect itself.

7. May Support Respiratory Health

One type of virus that, at least in a lab, finds its match in bentonite clay is human adenovirus. (16) While these viruses are not generally lethal, they do cause respiratory infections that can be particularly dangerous to infants or those with compromised immune systems. No currently accepted treatment method exists for these viral infections, but it’s possible bentonite clay could be a candidate for more research on the subject.

Bentonite clay is also likely able to successfully treat paraquat poisoning in humans. Paraquat is a toxic herbicide and is not available easily in the U.S. However, if it is ingested or breathed in, it can cause many a disease called Paraquat lung. Like Fuller’s earth, bentonite seems to be a potentially powerful agent against the damage paraquat can cause. (17)

8. Could Improve the Health of Teeth and Gums

The mouth is one of the most susceptible areas of the body when it comes to harmful outside “invaders” taking over, like bacteria and toxins. Bentonite clay binds to unhealthy substances in the mouth, such as around the teeth and on the tongue and gums, and helps to remove them before you swallow them and become sick. Because of Bentonite’s antibacterial properties, it has been used in natural toothpastes and even mixed with water and used as a daily rinse.

9. Removes Fluoride from Drinking Water

Bentonite clay has been researched as an effective way to remove some of the dangerous fluoride often found in drinking water, which is linked to serious diseases such as diabetes, thyroid dysfunction and brain damage.

When combined with magnesium, the clay has been shown to benefit the purity of tap water, which leads to some promising possibilities for using it in the future as a widespread cost-effective water purification method. (18)

10. Useful As a Baby Powder Alternative

Bentonite clay can be applied to any area on the skin of babies that is irritated, red or needs soothing in the same way that traditional powders are used. Plus, it is very gentle and naturally cleansing.

Apply a small amount of the clay directly to the skin and allow it to sit for several minutes before wiping/rinsing it away.

http://musicbanter.com/song-writing-lyrics-poetry/79770-ghaw2007s-lyrics-collection.html http://futureproducers.com/forums/production-techniques/songwriting-and-lyricism/ghaw2007s-lyrics-523656 http://musesongwriters.com/forums/index.php?/topic/65827-ghaw2007s-lyrics http://boards.soapoperanetwork.com/topic/55799-ghaw2007s-lyrics http://justusboys.com/forum/threads/435561-ghaw2007-s-Lyrics http://gayheaven.org/showthread.php?t=536605 http://allthelyrics.com/forum/showthread.php?t=159439 http://writerscafe.org/ghaw/writing http://songwriterforum.co.uk/index.php?topic=11560.0

[happydonutcollective-blog]

Water, Water Anywhere, Neither Any kind of Drop To Consume alcohol.

Don't stress, this black water (certainly not Blackwater) isn't really actually gunge - it's merely water improved with humic as well as fulvic acid (biodegration of dead organic matter, electrolytes, anti-oxidants, and more). Jubier claims that, along with a slightly adjusted air travel road, Garuda Indonesia Air travel 649 coming from Ternate Urban area to Jakarta can get at the very least 2 as well as half moments' browsing time from totality on March 9 (local time). That is actually definitely not the most ideal use of the apple ipad's graphical power so do not expect beautifully computer animated storm or even snowfall, however rather the weird lens frown off a far-off sunshine. I know I shouldn't sprinkle my lawn in the early morning if its own heading to storm that night (or even if that stormed last night). They're marketed as the ideal charm trip item considering that that comes in useful when vacationing, camping or even exploring spots where no running water is actually conveniently available. The warm planet is pocked with sinkholes and completes a total track of the celebrity in 88 Earth days, yet the small planet - which is actually only slightly larger than the moon - may likewise host wallets of ice centered inside its craters. At times, 3D made objects like fish and also water produce their appearance as well as can easily reduce the apple iphone to an uneven rendition, but normally, panning around settings is simple and easy and also hassle-free and also lures the gamer in to an extremely reasonable environment. I won't purchase any kind of IAP from both, Where's My Water 2 as well as Plant kingdom Vs. Zombie 2 through. When the sunlight rises, many opponents are going to dissipate thus having a hatch or even latched door to hide responsible for while they lose their limited time attempting to boot this in is important. Water bottling business typically clean water utilizing a triple filtration unit: carbon dioxide purification (eliminates bleach, chemicals as well as larger particulates), ozonation (exterminates microorganisms) and also reverse osmosis (clears away metals, aluminum, nuclear waste.) You can easily purchase detoxified alcohol consumption water in large containers, preferably glass bottles, coming from shipment service providers as well as water service stores/clubs. Psynergy is actually sort of a psychic/magic combo that Golden Sunlight enthusiasts will be incredibly acquainted with. This normally effervescent water is canned straight at a springtime located in the protected Sorgeto di Riardo Playground near the extinct Roccamonfina mountain in Italy's Campania area. I truly adore to movement while I am actually taking a shower and also I placed my cock's head under the hot water. Much from the stretching Olympic Playground will certainly be actually changed afterward for housing and business growth. Wild Cost is actually found on Ula'ula Isle's Course 15 - that goes to the extremely top from the course, on a system all to itself in the middle of all the swimmable water.

Everything you craft possesses durability as well as will wear-out coming from prolonged use or even fixed, when you leave the game, your character continues to be oversleeping the chronic planet. The police action is actually scaled back off Hot Quest and Competitors but I absolutely cherish just how the cops AI seems to be a great deal even more decent as well as tied by the in-game natural science compared to it ever did in Ubisoft's The Team. The water pipes along with valves on all of them are going to flash water for so long as you keep your hands on the shutoff. Possibly a mote of a wibbly-wobbly-watery-view-effect when you join the area, because of the way light plays in the water. Remarkably, inning accordance with Webber, each kWh from wave power energy made results in the loss of 18 quarts from water because of increased evaporation off from manmade tanks-- over-and-above exactly what will have taken place in the all-natural run of the river. White women betraying our sis from shade has actually ended up being an especially gorgeous subject matter in the wake of the 2016 presidential election, through which 52% of our market chose Donald Trump according to CNN departure surveys. There is actually also a top-notch score to reach for on each level, and also this requires you have a consistent hand and also gather as a lot water as feasible. The amount of business carrying out only that has actually ratcheted up along with each passing year, and as the nation as a whole starts to improve on an economic downturn, this's simply a concern of your time before Forbes and provider are again writing attributes on the flourishing Brazilian startup culture. For the benefit the world and our diminishing pocketbooks, permit's hope that Vyykn-- or somebody-- can be successful in squashing the Dasani's as well as Aquafina's from the globe. The registration possesses an electronic keychain chip that turns on the boast on a futuristic appearing accessory, complete with choices for O2, filteringed system, as well as warm water. Masdar Urban area utilize 54 percent much less water in comparison to the common UAE metropolitan area and also Woods keeps in mind that the urban area is releasing varied strategies from micro-irrigation to alleviated wastewater for landscaping to extremely effective water installations. Due to the fact that Super Water Bombing plane possesses equally as a lot comic flavour as Worms, this's significantly its very own activity and also seizes the day to tweak the arms technicians to the mobile phone platform. I suppose that bolsters the fiction of the globe as a dangerous spot, but experiences nasty to participate in. Unlike the remainder of the stages in Where's My Water, these benefit degrees use the accelerometer in your iPhone or even ipad tablet to control gravitation and also deliver water in any sort of path you feel free to. I assume our company could possess water and electric power - yet that is actually certainly not that plan that is being carried out. Maracana will certainly be the internet site of the opening services of the Rio 2016 Olympic Games as well as was the website from the 2014 World Mug ultimate. http://kong-tan.info/flekosteel-duong-lam-giam-dau-co/ . Acid-base balance as well as hydration condition observing usage of mineral-based alkaline mineral water. Formally combined as of last November, Boyle is actually currently preparing to take Valor Water Analytics from being even more from an investigation attempt right into a software-as-a-service business. Off the insides of a rocket and also an advanced laboratory to a sketchbook schematic, your objective is actually to preserve the body system from liquid while flowing via strict water pipes as well as jumping over very hot areas that could vaporize your fluid. As you could anticipate, one aspect showcases the Legendary Sun Pokemon Solgaeo, and the other eatures the Legendary Moon Pokemon Lunala. Primarily, water conditioners get additional calcium and magnesium ions utilizing an exchange along with salt or potassium ions. The international water fund could also deliver an issue resolution online forum for ventures including internationally-shared water resources to avoid water conflicts from growing into fierce conflicts. The shade, clarity, and temperature level of the water are outstanding, but when the trend declines to reveal surprise, white colored sandbars, you can briefly profess your very own private island. Getting through these more and more overrun floodplains needs turning your tool to splatter the water around.

[jesskrockett-blog]

The Ultimate Guide for Cigarette Smell Removal

Why Shouldn't You Use Ozone on Cigarette Smells?

This post came to existence based on a recent experience at a national trade show that we attended, at the trade show we found little to no products that can actually remove cigarette odors and even more astounding many vendors were promoting products that we both antiquated and unsafe for the end user. Smoking has been around for thousands of years. In the last century, research has shown that the chemicals ingested by smoking cigarettes can be hugely detrimental to the smokes health but also to those exposed to the smoke and as an added layer it can also affect the third layer of those who have come into contact with the smoker as well. It is safe to assume that everyone agrees that smoking is not a healthy habit, negative health effects aside, with smoking, comes the unpleasant smell of smoke that can be corrosive to your property, belongings, and indoor environments Whether it's smoke lingering on your clothing, furniture, or car interior, the smell of smoke can be off-putting to those who don't smoke and can even cause them to suffer some of the same side effects as the smoker.

Several products or other remedies have been conjured in an attempt to get rid of the smell of cigarettes. One recent trend has been the use of ozone technology and the deployment of ozone in both residential and commercial environments. Simply stated, an ozone machine creates the chemical ozone (O3), which is a highly reactive chemical that tends to grab on to any other molecules nearby. It changes those molecules into other chemicals through a chemical reaction process called oxidation. When it attaches to the offending molecule, the chemical it changes into is still present, but no longer foul smelling. This process has been commonly used by professional cleaners to clean air of all kinds of odors, not just smoke.

New research from Berkeley has shown, however, that this process is not as safe as previously believed. The new chemical generated by the oxidation process of ozone cleaning can be just as bad for you as secondhand smoke (if not worse) and can be especially problematic for those who suffer from asthma. With this new information revealed, it is clear that alternative, safer methods for removal of the smell of smoke must be considered. For additional information on the dangers of ozone here is the study conducted by Berkeley Lab.

Toxic Chemicals from Cigarette Smoke Lingers Longer Than You Think

Just because you can't smell it doesn't really mean that you are in the clear, studies presented by NBC news indicate that the harmful chemicals found in cigarettes remain present even when the smell has gone away. Just because the car you just purchased or the apartment you're renting is no longer occupied by a smoker doesn't mean you're safe from some of the same health consequences the smoker themselves may suffer. In testing done months after smokers moved out of homes, from 10 to 20% of the dangerous chemicals lingered behind on surfaces like furniture and walls. Although less than the initial risk, the danger is still present. This risk of detrimental health effects to someone who has not even been around a smoker is referred to as “third-hand” smoke. We will cover this issue more in-depth later in this post.

Third-Hand smoke and how it Affects Non-Smokers

It may be safe to assume that the majority of people are familiar with the term “second-hand” smoke. This is when someone is close enough to a smoker to be able to ingest the byproducts of the cigarette smoke without actually smoking themselves. 'Third-hand” smoke, however, occurs when you are exposed to the dangerous chemicals of cigarettes without ever coming in contact with the person smoking. Third-hand smoke refers more to the buildup of chemicals coating surfaces over time, rather than the instantaneous inhaling of smoke while someone is actively smoking. Research conducted by Boston pediatrician Jonathan Winickoff indicates that nearly half of the population is not aware of the dangers associated with third-hand smoke and have no idea that bringing themselves or their children into a home where someone was smoking three days ago can have adverse effects on their health.

There are over 250 toxic substances present in cigarettes, and there is no acceptable minimum amount of ingestion that is considered safe. Exposure to third-hand smoke can cause the same health consequences that it does for smokers. Smoking can cause lung cancer and dental problems, and in some studies among children, it showed a lowering of IQ for those exposed to too much smoke.

It is clear that smoking, being around a smoker, and being in an environment where smokers have spent time, can cause devastating consequences. No matter to what degree someone or something has been exposed to cigarette smoke, it is important to take measures to get rid of the toxins and odor that result.

Do Home Remedies work for Cigarette Smell Removal?

Regardless of whether they are aware of the health consequences, most people don't like the smell of cigarette smoke and want to do something to eliminate it. Many have attempted to come up with various home remedies to try to rid the air of the offensive odor. Several remedies out there include:

• White vinegar or apple cider vinegar spray • Baking Soda • Airing out the space by opening windows and blowing fans • Retail strength carpet cleaners • Powdered or activated charcoal

Vinegar seems to be a very common trend among those who wish to clean without chemicals. Vinegar works to reduce the smells because many smells are alkaline, while vinegar is very acidic. It balances the smell, and can act as a disinfectant, but does not entirely remove the toxin from the air. While some of these fixes may help reduce odor initially, they don't work to remove the harmful toxins that remain from the cigarette smoke. The smell will likely return once the particles leave the air.

Baking soda, another common alternative household cleaner, and odor absorber, similarly only absorbs some of the odor but does not eliminate the toxin.

Activated charcoal can absorb odors that pass by it, but only works in a small vicinity and will not be able to remove toxins from the air and just like a sponge when it gets full with water, carbon has the same potential of releasing the odors right back into the environment.

Opening windows can certainly help but again will not provide complete circulation to fully rid the indoor environment of smoke toxins. It will take commercially grade air movers or fans to really get the amount of air flow that you need to air flush out a home correctly, and that often involves a lot of time, patience, and high tolerance to noise as well.

How to Get Cigarette Smell Out of House

To really get rid of cigarette smells from a house or other indoor environments, you need to use a method that does not rely on masking agents or fragrances and equally important is safe to use around your family and pets. As discussed previously, ozone treatment was once a popular method of removing cigarette smells, but studies have shown ozone to have adverse consequences. In addition to a reliable treatment to be able to get to the source of the odor, some things that should be done to fully remove the smell include:

• Having your carpets cleaned • Washing all surfaces of the home thoroughly • Washing clothing and linens that may have come into contact with the smoke smell

How to Protect Yourself Against Second and Third-Hand Smoke

Simply not smoking is not enough to avoid any consequence related to cigarette smoke. Now that the adverse effects of smoking are well known, many people find it very important to be able to protect themselves or their loved ones from the non-direct effects of smoke. If you are someone who suffers from allergies and are particularly sensitive to toxins in the air, one of the best measures of protection is a breathing mask. A breathing mask such as the EnviroKlenz Mask can allow you to breathe normally while blocking out dangerous toxins found in the environment. It can significantly reduce the immediate reaction that can be triggered by exposure to cigarette smoke or other general pollutants.

Best Smoke Smell and Odor Removal Products

When thinking about the removal of cigarette smoke odor, it is important to take a comprehensive approach. If you remove it from the air but not the surfaces in your home or vice versa, the toxins are still present, and the smell can linger. The EnviroKlenz line of personal environment protection products is able to effectively eliminate odors from laundry, walls, furniture, and your indoor air while using a patented and safe Earth Mineral Technology. This technology uses the active metal oxide powders Magnesium Oxide, Zinc Oxide, and Titanium Dioxide, which works neutralize odors in a safe way that poses no additional risk to those with chemical or allergy sensitivities There are no potential irritants or chemical odors which are released back into the environment, and last but not least no EnviroKlenz product contain fragrances or toxic chemicals.

  There are over 40 carcinogens in tobacco smoke. EnviroKlenz recognizes that those contaminants pose a huge risk to the public, and it must be dealt with. Our line of products uses our earth mineral technology to neutralize odors through various applications which include surfaces, air, and contents. In addition to our mask for pollutants that can offer immediate protection to contaminants in the air, our specialty HVAC filters work actively to remove those contaminants, including smoke smells and the harmful VOCs associated with smoke odors.

How to Remove Cigarette Smoke From Clothes

Removing the cigarette smoke smell from the air is not enough. To protect yourself and your family from the dangers of smoke, it must also be removed from your belongings and your clothing. Our laundry products remove fragrances and contaminants that can exacerbate allergies or sensitivities, while also effectively removing smoke smells.The additive can be used right along with your normal detergent to attack the chemical odors associated with cigarette smoke and more importantly does so without the use of toxic chemicals and masking agents.

Many people don't realize that smoke can also make its way into the crevices of your home, for example, surfaces like wood or drywall. EnviroKlenz offers a surface treatment products that is versatile and gentle enough to be used either for every day cleaning supplemental to your regular routine, or in situations where there is a particularly strong odor. As with our other products, EnviroKlenz surface cleaning products use our natural Earth Mineral technology to neutralize odors and safely neutralize them upon contact with the noxious or chemical odors. We have both a liquid and a granule form to tackle different situations. Our liquid cleaner, the EnviroKlenz Everyday Odor Eliminator, is ideal for spot cleaning of surfaces, upholstery, or walls, while the EnviroKlenz Absorbent Neutralizer granules are useful for larger spills or when potential contaminants must be absorbed.

Smoke Smells in Cars

The lingering smell of smoke in cars can be particularly difficult to get rid of. It can also be particularly harmful because a car is a more enclosed environment with less air circulation than a home or business, and the dangerous remnant of cancer-causing chemicals can be significantly magnified. Many times the second or third-hand smoke that families are exposed to the worst occurs in family cars where a household member is smoking. Practices such as rolling down the window while driving and smoking are just not sufficient enough to clear the danger presented by the smoke.

The first step to ridding a car of smoke smells is to stop smoking in it all together. Next, the interior surfaces and air must be thoroughly cleaned and scrubbed. The EnvironKlenz Everyday Odor Eliminator is perfect for removing the smell of smoke from cars as it can be used at full strength to do a thorough cleaning of a contaminated vehicle or can be used in a spray bottle diluted with water for quick touch-ups. It works using the Earth Mineral Technology to attack to harmful chemical odors, neutralizing and eliminating them upon contact. All it requires is 15 minutes of waiting after its initial application, then the dried liquid along with the smoke remnants can be extracted or vacuumed up. The health risks of having had a smoker in your car are then effectively eliminated.

Cigarette smell removal from clothes

Smelling like smoke is unpleasant both for the person who is the source of the odor as well as for those around them. Our laundry products can be used in the washer right alongside your normal detergent, and will effectively neutralize the odors that would otherwise be bothersome. Even if you aren't regularly exposed to smoke, new clothes can pick up tobacco particles from the warehouse they came from, along with other chemicals. You can also absorb tobacco remnants while walking through a public place where smokers have been. By using our EnviroKelnz laundry enhancer, you can be rest-assured that with every wash your clothes will be smoke and contaminant free.

What makes the EnviroKlenz product unique from other additives that claim to be able to remove smoke and cigarette smell. Other laundry products that claim to be natural or fragrance-free may not produce any fragrance, but also don't utilize the same neutralizing technology that we use. You may not be able to smell anything on your clothes after using one of those products, but similar to the home remedies listed previously, they do little more than hiding the contaminants still present in your clothes. The EnviroKlenz Laundry Enhancer, which comes in both liquid and powder form, gets to the source of the contaminants and eliminates their risk by breaking down the chemical composition of the odors that makes it noxious, to begin with.

The EnviroKlenz laundry products can be used regularly to complement your regular laundry routine or can be utilized on occasion only when odor neutralization is a must. If you or a family member is particularly sensitive to fragrances, it is advised that you use it every time you do laundry in order to avoid any adverse reaction that could result from fragrances or chemicals commonly found in regular laundry detergent.

Cigarette Smell Removal from Hands

Have you ever noticed that a smoker still smells like smoke even right after they take a shower or brush their teeth? Cigarette smoke does not just affect the smoker's clothes, mouth, and lungs. Smoke can cling to and linger on our body surface, and the smell can be quite difficult to get rid of.

If you are someone who smokes, you may end up with your hands smelling of smoke even after you've washed them. That is because basic soap just removes dirt and debris from your hands and leaves behind a fragrance that quickly disappears, and does nothing to change or neutralize the chemicals present originally. The EnviroKlenz Hand Soap and Deodorizer uses our same Earth Mineral Technology that eliminates odors by neutralizing chemicals that cause them. This process is called destructive adsorption neutralization, and it happens when you rub your hands together with our soap product and our technology makes contact with the chemical or offending odors. Our fragrance-free formula will not leave your hands dry and is formulated especially for those with sensitive skin.

  Cigarette Smoke Removal: Air Purifiers

As mentioned previously, the dangerous after effect of smoking that causes second and third-hand smoke is the smoke particles that linger in the air even after smoking stops. Smoke from cigarettes, along with other harmful pollutants present in the air, build up and circulate throughout a home if nothing is done to remove them from that environment. If you are sensitive to allergens or to chemicals, this can be especially bothersome and cause breathing difficulties. Air purifiers can help minimize this from occurring. EnviroKlenz can provide several solutions that can remove those toxins from the air, resulting in a safer breathing environment. Our most popular product the EnviroKlenz Mobile Air Purifier System utilizes both HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) filtration and our destructive adsorption neutralization through our EnviroKlenz specialty cartridge to mitigate toxic and noxious chemicals.

The EnviroKlenz Mobile uses a special EnviroKlenz air cartridge that contains a proprietary blend of materials that neutralizes harmful chemicals, including those that result from cigarette smoke. The unit comes on wheels, so it can be transferred very easily from room to room. A single unit can cover an area up to 850 feet, or half the size of an average home.

The technology used by EnviroKlenz is superior to that of other air purification systems, such as carbon technology. The natural earth minerals not only attach onto the molecules of offensive odors and chemicals, but it also neutralizes them and renders them inactive. Other technologies may result in the recycling of harmful particulates out of and back into the air, which does not solve anything for those suffering from chemical sensitivities or respiratory illnesses such as asthma and allergies. This is because they are only able to break down toxins in the air on a molecular basis, and are not able to affect large particulates. When it comes to removing the smell of cigarette smoke from the air, you want to ensure that you are not only removing the odor but also eliminating any risk from the toxins left behind. With EnviroKlenz's products, you can have peace of mind that you are accomplishing both.

Cigarette Smoke Removal: Air Filters

Cigarette smoke can linger in the air for quite a while once a person stops smoking. Many of the harmful chemicals that result will coat the surrounding surfaces, but much of them will remain in the air. If something is not done to remove those toxins from that environment, they can build up over time and cause a serious health hazard.

Air purifiers aim to eliminate contaminants from the air. They often work on a molecular level. Air filters, on the other hand, are porous materials that absorb larger contaminant particles from the air. They often contain some substance or chemical that is meant to neutralize the harmful chemicals absorbed. At their most basic, air filters consist of foam, paper, or cotton material cartridges that fit into existing ventilation system. These materials catch bigger particles before they pass through that system. These more basic filters do some good in removing some significant sources of irritants that otherwise would cause problems for those sensitive to certain chemicals, but they do not do a thorough enough job when it comes to removing cigarette smoke from the environment.

The EnviroKlenz HVAC filter works differently than these other filters and is more effective in thoroughly removing toxins from the air. The EnviroKlenz filter does what those filters do, which is removing those toxins from the air, but then goes a step further and destroys or neutralizes those toxins. The Earth Mineral Technology used attaches to both molecular and larger particulates in the air.

Conclusion

It is no secret that smoking, and being around smoke, is harmful to your health. There are many proposed solutions out there for dealing with the toxic chemicals that smoking leaves behind. Some products may mask odors for a little while, but will not entirely eliminate the smell of smoke. EnviroKlenz offers a comprehensive line of odor neutralizing products with its superior Earth Mineral Technology that can help your space be a healthy environment that is odor free.

[jesskrockett-blog]

The Ultimate Guide for Cigarette Smell Removal

Why Shouldn't You Use Ozone on Cigarette Smells?

This post came to existence based on a recent experience at a national trade show that we attended, at the trade show we found little to no products that can actually remove cigarette odors and even more astounding many vendors were promoting products that we both antiquated and unsafe for the end user. Smoking has been around for thousands of years. In the last century, research has shown that the chemicals ingested by smoking cigarettes can be hugely detrimental to the smokes health but also to those exposed to the smoke and as an added layer it can also affect the third layer of those who have come into contact with the smoker as well. It is safe to assume that everyone agrees that smoking is not a healthy habit, negative health effects aside, with smoking, comes the unpleasant smell of smoke that can be corrosive to your property, belongings, and indoor environments Whether it's smoke lingering on your clothing, furniture, or car interior, the smell of smoke can be off-putting to those who don't smoke and can even cause them to suffer some of the same side effects as the smoker.

Several products or other remedies have been conjured in an attempt to get rid of the smell of cigarettes. One recent trend has been the use of ozone technology and the deployment of ozone in both residential and commercial environments. Simply stated, an ozone machine creates the chemical ozone (O3), which is a highly reactive chemical that tends to grab on to any other molecules nearby. It changes those molecules into other chemicals through a chemical reaction process called oxidation. When it attaches to the offending molecule, the chemical it changes into is still present, but no longer foul smelling. This process has been commonly used by professional cleaners to clean air of all kinds of odors, not just smoke.

New research from Berkeley has shown, however, that this process is not as safe as previously believed. The new chemical generated by the oxidation process of ozone cleaning can be just as bad for you as secondhand smoke (if not worse) and can be especially problematic for those who suffer from asthma. With this new information revealed, it is clear that alternative, safer methods for removal of the smell of smoke must be considered. For additional information on the dangers of ozone here is the study conducted by Berkeley Lab.

Toxic Chemicals from Cigarette Smoke Lingers Longer Than You Think

Just because you can't smell it doesn't really mean that you are in the clear, studies presented by NBC news indicate that the harmful chemicals found in cigarettes remain present even when the smell has gone away. Just because the car you just purchased or the apartment you're renting is no longer occupied by a smoker doesn't mean you're safe from some of the same health consequences the smoker themselves may suffer. In testing done months after smokers moved out of homes, from 10 to 20% of the dangerous chemicals lingered behind on surfaces like furniture and walls. Although less than the initial risk, the danger is still present. This risk of detrimental health effects to someone who has not even been around a smoker is referred to as “third-hand” smoke. We will cover this issue more in-depth later in this post.

Third-Hand smoke and how it Affects Non-Smokers

It may be safe to assume that the majority of people are familiar with the term “second-hand” smoke. This is when someone is close enough to a smoker to be able to ingest the byproducts of the cigarette smoke without actually smoking themselves. 'Third-hand” smoke, however, occurs when you are exposed to the dangerous chemicals of cigarettes without ever coming in contact with the person smoking. Third-hand smoke refers more to the buildup of chemicals coating surfaces over time, rather than the instantaneous inhaling of smoke while someone is actively smoking. Research conducted by Boston pediatrician Jonathan Winickoff indicates that nearly half of the population is not aware of the dangers associated with third-hand smoke and have no idea that bringing themselves or their children into a home where someone was smoking three days ago can have adverse effects on their health.

There are over 250 toxic substances present in cigarettes, and there is no acceptable minimum amount of ingestion that is considered safe. Exposure to third-hand smoke can cause the same health consequences that it does for smokers. Smoking can cause lung cancer and dental problems, and in some studies among children, it showed a lowering of IQ for those exposed to too much smoke.

It is clear that smoking, being around a smoker, and being in an environment where smokers have spent time, can cause devastating consequences. No matter to what degree someone or something has been exposed to cigarette smoke, it is important to take measures to get rid of the toxins and odor that result.

Do Home Remedies work for Cigarette Smell Removal?

Regardless of whether they are aware of the health consequences, most people don't like the smell of cigarette smoke and want to do something to eliminate it. Many have attempted to come up with various home remedies to try to rid the air of the offensive odor. Several remedies out there include:

• White vinegar or apple cider vinegar spray • Baking Soda • Airing out the space by opening windows and blowing fans • Retail strength carpet cleaners • Powdered or activated charcoal

Vinegar seems to be a very common trend among those who wish to clean without chemicals. Vinegar works to reduce the smells because many smells are alkaline, while vinegar is very acidic. It balances the smell, and can act as a disinfectant, but does not entirely remove the toxin from the air. While some of these fixes may help reduce odor initially, they don't work to remove the harmful toxins that remain from the cigarette smoke. The smell will likely return once the particles leave the air.

Baking soda, another common alternative household cleaner, and odor absorber, similarly only absorbs some of the odor but does not eliminate the toxin.

Activated charcoal can absorb odors that pass by it, but only works in a small vicinity and will not be able to remove toxins from the air and just like a sponge when it gets full with water, carbon has the same potential of releasing the odors right back into the environment.

Opening windows can certainly help but again will not provide complete circulation to fully rid the indoor environment of smoke toxins. It will take commercially grade air movers or fans to really get the amount of air flow that you need to air flush out a home correctly, and that often involves a lot of time, patience, and high tolerance to noise as well.

How to Get Cigarette Smell Out of House

To really get rid of cigarette smells from a house or other indoor environments, you need to use a method that does not rely on masking agents or fragrances and equally important is safe to use around your family and pets. As discussed previously, ozone treatment was once a popular method of removing cigarette smells, but studies have shown ozone to have adverse consequences. In addition to a reliable treatment to be able to get to the source of the odor, some things that should be done to fully remove the smell include:

• Having your carpets cleaned • Washing all surfaces of the home thoroughly • Washing clothing and linens that may have come into contact with the smoke smell

How to Protect Yourself Against Second and Third-Hand Smoke

Simply not smoking is not enough to avoid any consequence related to cigarette smoke. Now that the adverse effects of smoking are well known, many people find it very important to be able to protect themselves or their loved ones from the non-direct effects of smoke. If you are someone who suffers from allergies and are particularly sensitive to toxins in the air, one of the best measures of protection is a breathing mask. A breathing mask such as the EnviroKlenz Mask can allow you to breathe normally while blocking out dangerous toxins found in the environment. It can significantly reduce the immediate reaction that can be triggered by exposure to cigarette smoke or other general pollutants.

Best Smoke Smell and Odor Removal Products

When thinking about the removal of cigarette smoke odor, it is important to take a comprehensive approach. If you remove it from the air but not the surfaces in your home or vice versa, the toxins are still present, and the smell can linger. The EnviroKlenz line of personal environment protection products is able to effectively eliminate odors from laundry, walls, furniture, and your indoor air while using a patented and safe Earth Mineral Technology. This technology uses the active metal oxide powders Magnesium Oxide, Zinc Oxide, and Titanium Dioxide, which works neutralize odors in a safe way that poses no additional risk to those with chemical or allergy sensitivities There are no potential irritants or chemical odors which are released back into the environment, and last but not least no EnviroKlenz product contain fragrances or toxic chemicals.

  There are over 40 carcinogens in tobacco smoke. EnviroKlenz recognizes that those contaminants pose a huge risk to the public, and it must be dealt with. Our line of products uses our earth mineral technology to neutralize odors through various applications which include surfaces, air, and contents. In addition to our mask for pollutants that can offer immediate protection to contaminants in the air, our specialty HVAC filters work actively to remove those contaminants, including smoke smells and the harmful VOCs associated with smoke odors.

How to Remove Cigarette Smoke From Clothes

Removing the cigarette smoke smell from the air is not enough. To protect yourself and your family from the dangers of smoke, it must also be removed from your belongings and your clothing. Our laundry products remove fragrances and contaminants that can exacerbate allergies or sensitivities, while also effectively removing smoke smells.The additive can be used right along with your normal detergent to attack the chemical odors associated with cigarette smoke and more importantly does so without the use of toxic chemicals and masking agents.

Many people don't realize that smoke can also make its way into the crevices of your home, for example, surfaces like wood or drywall. EnviroKlenz offers a surface treatment products that is versatile and gentle enough to be used either for every day cleaning supplemental to your regular routine, or in situations where there is a particularly strong odor. As with our other products, EnviroKlenz surface cleaning products use our natural Earth Mineral technology to neutralize odors and safely neutralize them upon contact with the noxious or chemical odors. We have both a liquid and a granule form to tackle different situations. Our liquid cleaner, the EnviroKlenz Everyday Odor Eliminator, is ideal for spot cleaning of surfaces, upholstery, or walls, while the EnviroKlenz Absorbent Neutralizer granules are useful for larger spills or when potential contaminants must be absorbed.

Smoke Smells in Cars

The lingering smell of smoke in cars can be particularly difficult to get rid of. It can also be particularly harmful because a car is a more enclosed environment with less air circulation than a home or business, and the dangerous remnant of cancer-causing chemicals can be significantly magnified. Many times the second or third-hand smoke that families are exposed to the worst occurs in family cars where a household member is smoking. Practices such as rolling down the window while driving and smoking are just not sufficient enough to clear the danger presented by the smoke.

The first step to ridding a car of smoke smells is to stop smoking in it all together. Next, the interior surfaces and air must be thoroughly cleaned and scrubbed. The EnvironKlenz Everyday Odor Eliminator is perfect for removing the smell of smoke from cars as it can be used at full strength to do a thorough cleaning of a contaminated vehicle or can be used in a spray bottle diluted with water for quick touch-ups. It works using the Earth Mineral Technology to attack to harmful chemical odors, neutralizing and eliminating them upon contact. All it requires is 15 minutes of waiting after its initial application, then the dried liquid along with the smoke remnants can be extracted or vacuumed up. The health risks of having had a smoker in your car are then effectively eliminated.

Cigarette smell removal from clothes

Smelling like smoke is unpleasant both for the person who is the source of the odor as well as for those around them. Our laundry products can be used in the washer right alongside your normal detergent, and will effectively neutralize the odors that would otherwise be bothersome. Even if you aren't regularly exposed to smoke, new clothes can pick up tobacco particles from the warehouse they came from, along with other chemicals. You can also absorb tobacco remnants while walking through a public place where smokers have been. By using our EnviroKelnz laundry enhancer, you can be rest-assured that with every wash your clothes will be smoke and contaminant free.

What makes the EnviroKlenz product unique from other additives that claim to be able to remove smoke and cigarette smell. Other laundry products that claim to be natural or fragrance-free may not produce any fragrance, but also don't utilize the same neutralizing technology that we use. You may not be able to smell anything on your clothes after using one of those products, but similar to the home remedies listed previously, they do little more than hiding the contaminants still present in your clothes. The EnviroKlenz Laundry Enhancer, which comes in both liquid and powder form, gets to the source of the contaminants and eliminates their risk by breaking down the chemical composition of the odors that makes it noxious, to begin with.

The EnviroKlenz laundry products can be used regularly to complement your regular laundry routine or can be utilized on occasion only when odor neutralization is a must. If you or a family member is particularly sensitive to fragrances, it is advised that you use it every time you do laundry in order to avoid any adverse reaction that could result from fragrances or chemicals commonly found in regular laundry detergent.

Cigarette Smell Removal from Hands

Have you ever noticed that a smoker still smells like smoke even right after they take a shower or brush their teeth? Cigarette smoke does not just affect the smoker's clothes, mouth, and lungs. Smoke can cling to and linger on our body surface, and the smell can be quite difficult to get rid of.

If you are someone who smokes, you may end up with your hands smelling of smoke even after you've washed them. That is because basic soap just removes dirt and debris from your hands and leaves behind a fragrance that quickly disappears, and does nothing to change or neutralize the chemicals present originally. The EnviroKlenz Hand Soap and Deodorizer uses our same Earth Mineral Technology that eliminates odors by neutralizing chemicals that cause them. This process is called destructive adsorption neutralization, and it happens when you rub your hands together with our soap product and our technology makes contact with the chemical or offending odors. Our fragrance-free formula will not leave your hands dry and is formulated especially for those with sensitive skin.

  Cigarette Smoke Removal: Air Purifiers

As mentioned previously, the dangerous after effect of smoking that causes second and third-hand smoke is the smoke particles that linger in the air even after smoking stops. Smoke from cigarettes, along with other harmful pollutants present in the air, build up and circulate throughout a home if nothing is done to remove them from that environment. If you are sensitive to allergens or to chemicals, this can be especially bothersome and cause breathing difficulties. Air purifiers can help minimize this from occurring. EnviroKlenz can provide several solutions that can remove those toxins from the air, resulting in a safer breathing environment. Our most popular product the EnviroKlenz Mobile Air Purifier System utilizes both HEPA (high-efficiency particulate air) filtration and our destructive adsorption neutralization through our EnviroKlenz specialty cartridge to mitigate toxic and noxious chemicals.

The EnviroKlenz Mobile uses a special EnviroKlenz air cartridge that contains a proprietary blend of materials that neutralizes harmful chemicals, including those that result from cigarette smoke. The unit comes on wheels, so it can be transferred very easily from room to room. A single unit can cover an area up to 850 feet, or half the size of an average home.

The technology used by EnviroKlenz is superior to that of other air purification systems, such as carbon technology. The natural earth minerals not only attach onto the molecules of offensive odors and chemicals, but it also neutralizes them and renders them inactive. Other technologies may result in the recycling of harmful particulates out of and back into the air, which does not solve anything for those suffering from chemical sensitivities or respiratory illnesses such as asthma and allergies. This is because they are only able to break down toxins in the air on a molecular basis, and are not able to affect large particulates. When it comes to removing the smell of cigarette smoke from the air, you want to ensure that you are not only removing the odor but also eliminating any risk from the toxins left behind. With EnviroKlenz's products, you can have peace of mind that you are accomplishing both.

Cigarette Smoke Removal: Air Filters

Cigarette smoke can linger in the air for quite a while once a person stops smoking. Many of the harmful chemicals that result will coat the surrounding surfaces, but much of them will remain in the air. If something is not done to remove those toxins from that environment, they can build up over time and cause a serious health hazard.

Air purifiers aim to eliminate contaminants from the air. They often work on a molecular level. Air filters, on the other hand, are porous materials that absorb larger contaminant particles from the air. They often contain some substance or chemical that is meant to neutralize the harmful chemicals absorbed. At their most basic, air filters consist of foam, paper, or cotton material cartridges that fit into existing ventilation system. These materials catch bigger particles before they pass through that system. These more basic filters do some good in removing some significant sources of irritants that otherwise would cause problems for those sensitive to certain chemicals, but they do not do a thorough enough job when it comes to removing cigarette smoke from the environment.

The EnviroKlenz HVAC filter works differently than these other filters and is more effective in thoroughly removing toxins from the air. The EnviroKlenz filter does what those filters do, which is removing those toxins from the air, but then goes a step further and destroys or neutralizes those toxins. The Earth Mineral Technology used attaches to both molecular and larger particulates in the air.

Conclusion

It is no secret that smoking, and being around smoke, is harmful to your health. There are many proposed solutions out there for dealing with the toxic chemicals that smoking leaves behind. Some products may mask odors for a little while, but will not entirely eliminate the smell of smoke. EnviroKlenz offers a comprehensive line of odor neutralizing products with its superior Earth Mineral Technology that can help your space be a healthy environment that is odor free.