#astronomical_object

[phonemantra-blog]

The unexpected discovery has given rise to new theories about the mechanism by which phosphorus is formed without the outbursts of massive stars. The origin of life from “organic soup” is a complex process. This requires many different components assembled in one place and under the right conditions. Although the exact conditions are still a matter of debate, scientists have an idea of ​​what elements of the periodic table are needed. One important component is phosphorus, which was recently discovered on the outskirts of the Milky Way. The presence of this element among others is considered necessary for the formation of basic biochemical molecules. Therefore, the presence of phosphorus determines the boundaries of habitable zones in galaxies. Phosphorus is typically produced by the death of massive stars, making its presence at the outskirts of a galaxy a rare occurrence. However, the recent discovery of phosphorus in this area suggests that other mechanisms for its formation may exist. [caption id="attachment_85298" align="aligncenter" width="780"] Milky Way galaxy[/caption] “Phosphorus is an element that requires a special, catastrophic event to form. According to popular belief, phosphorus is formed as a result of supernova explosions of stars with a mass of at least 20 solar masses. They are the source of strong energetic emissions and a series of nucleosynthesis reactions that form not only phosphorus, but also many other heavy elements,” says astronomer and chemist Lucy Ziouris, who works at Arizona State University and Steward Observatory. This is the generally accepted view, and the discovery of phosphorus far from massive stars or supernova remnants suggests that there are other ways this element can be formed. All the elements we see around us are formed in stars. After the formation of the first atoms of the Universe from the primordial plasma, the atoms were mainly composed of hydrogen and helium, and all other elements appeared after the birth of the first stars. Stars play an important role in the fusion and combination of atoms in their cores, resulting in the formation of heavier elements. On the outskirts of the Milky Way galaxy The formation of elements in a star depends on its mass. Stars are the size of our Sun and are smaller able to support reactions that create light elements such as lithium and beryllium when hydrogen and helium combine. More massive stars can produce heavier elements such as oxygen and nitrogen. However, phosphorus is not produced during such reactions inside the star. Supernova explosions, accompanied by the death of massive stars, are one of the known mechanisms for the origin of phosphorus. Flares eject elements into space, scattering astromaterials into the interstellar medium, where they can be absorbed by new generations of stars, as well as comets and planets. Massive stars can only form in regions where there is enough material to feed them. As you move away from the center of the galaxy, the density of matter decreases - the outskirts of galaxies are usually populated by massive stars. So the presence of phosphorus in a cloud called WB89-621, located about 74,000 light-years from the center of the Milky Way, poses a mystery to astrochemists. “The discovery of phosphorus at the edge of the galaxy raises questions and adds an additional piece to our puzzle. The presence of phosphorus in this area suggests that the process of its formation is more complex and is not limited only to supernova explosions,” explains chemist Liliya Koelemey, collaborating with Arizona State University. There are two main explanations for this phenomenon. One of them is associated with the “galactic fountain” model, which assumes the movement of elements from the inner regions of the galaxy to the outer through supernova explosions, ejecting matter from the galactic disk into the halo and its subsequent cooling and return. However, this explanation is questionable, since observational data on galactic fountains is not yet sufficient. Another explanation involves the possibility of phosphorus being formed in the region around the core of less massive stars by capturing neutrons. Here, silicon isotopes can capture additional neutrons to form phosphorus. The discovery of phosphorus on the outskirts of the Milky Way is an exciting and important study, valuable for understanding the formation of life in the Universe. This element is the last of the NCHOPS - nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur - essential building blocks for the emergence of life and which define the habitable zones of a galaxy. Previously, astronomers had not paid much attention to the outskirts of galaxies in search of exoplanets with biomarkers, because they believed that regions far from the center of galaxies did not have enough phosphorus. However, this discovery allows us to expand the scope of searches.

[alainstancheris]

#space #astronomy #moon #night #sky #beauty_in_nature #moon_surface #astronomical_object #no_people #tranquility #nature #scenics_nature #half_moon #space_and_astronomy #tranquil_scene #science #low_angle_view #idyllic #dark #space_exploration #outdoors #lumixgx8 (à Genève, Suisse) https://www.instagram.com/p/CioNBQjqpVj/?igshid=NGJjMDIxMWI=

[arachneart]

I’ve always loved gold accents, but that’s probably cuz I just like shiny things

[lucabart78]

L’alba, le prime luci, l’evaporare lento dei sogni, le cose perdute e quelle che avrai. E un universo nuovo che ti circonda. (Fabrizio Caramagna) #Sunset #Sunrise #Dusk #Horizon #Evening #Fluid #Afterglow #Sunlight #Sun #Heat #Red_sky_at_morning #Sea #Calm #Backlighting #Astronomical_object #Dawn #Sound #Fence #Silhouette @freedomtripitaly @djiosmopocketitalia @djimavic2zoom @canonitaliaspa @insta360it #italiabestshot @lucazampo6 @robiphotohunter @doinitsa_ #cattura.attimi @fabi.menni.v @lor.camp92 @italiainunoscatto #italiainunoscatto @antoninoprinciotta #igersitalia #yallersitalia #clickfor_ascoli @fabio_pragna88 #iltrippovago @max_lamia @clickfor_italia @clickfor_travel @adventure_eagles @best.city.shots @natgeotravel @meeters @whereinitaly https://www.instagram.com/p/CJge_Y-B8eG/?igshid=1wslav87ryrgb

[shanksure]

#shanksure philosopher MIRCEA ELIADE proposed a reflection about the “mother earth”. He compared the earth to the mother, on a symbolic level. Just like the mother, it is the first object of attachment that we encounter in the objective world. Earth holds us like a mother. It nurtures us like a mother does, providing food, chemicals, wood and answering our every need in a seemingly omnipotent way, akin to the vision an infant has of its all powerful mother until it has grown enough to fend for itself.......... moreover clinical experience has demonstrated instances when patients separated from their homeland exhibit symptoms of depression and anxiety, echoing the situation of a child deprived of it’s mother care. The similarity comes from the feeling of abandonment from the lose of a familiar, known secure gratifying object. #read #reading #earth #mother #motherhood #motherhoodthroughinstagram #instagood #shutterhubindia #shotoniphone #Sky #Night #Atmospheric_phenomenon #Atmosphere #Moon #Astronomical_object #Astronomy #Horizon #Crescent #Evening #Dusk #Cloud #Star #Tree #Space #Midnight #Celestial_event #Calm #Symbol #landscapephotography (at Somewhere Where No One Can Find Me) https://www.instagram.com/p/B9MhghGg7iD/?igshid=11pkdscet9au5

[bismarckpg]

Fallow that star...☄️🔯 #atmosphere #Star #darkness #nature #SKY #astronomical_object #star #atmosphere_ob_ea... #meteor #night #outer_space #stargazer #phenomenon https://www.instagram.com/p/BrqD2hbljQr/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=972bl598bm5

[idavidgallardo-blog]

#text #font #sky #atmosphere #night #phenomenon #computer_wallpaper #darkness #brand #astronomical_object #graphics #midnight #space #astronomy #star #constellation #universe

[phonemantra-blog]

The unexpected discovery has given rise to new theories about the mechanism by which phosphorus is formed without the outbursts of massive stars. The origin of life from “organic soup” is a complex process. This requires many different components assembled in one place and under the right conditions. Although the exact conditions are still a matter of debate, scientists have an idea of ​​what elements of the periodic table are needed. One important component is phosphorus, which was recently discovered on the outskirts of the Milky Way. The presence of this element among others is considered necessary for the formation of basic biochemical molecules. Therefore, the presence of phosphorus determines the boundaries of habitable zones in galaxies. Phosphorus is typically produced by the death of massive stars, making its presence at the outskirts of a galaxy a rare occurrence. However, the recent discovery of phosphorus in this area suggests that other mechanisms for its formation may exist. [caption id="attachment_85298" align="aligncenter" width="780"] Milky Way galaxy[/caption] “Phosphorus is an element that requires a special, catastrophic event to form. According to popular belief, phosphorus is formed as a result of supernova explosions of stars with a mass of at least 20 solar masses. They are the source of strong energetic emissions and a series of nucleosynthesis reactions that form not only phosphorus, but also many other heavy elements,” says astronomer and chemist Lucy Ziouris, who works at Arizona State University and Steward Observatory. This is the generally accepted view, and the discovery of phosphorus far from massive stars or supernova remnants suggests that there are other ways this element can be formed. All the elements we see around us are formed in stars. After the formation of the first atoms of the Universe from the primordial plasma, the atoms were mainly composed of hydrogen and helium, and all other elements appeared after the birth of the first stars. Stars play an important role in the fusion and combination of atoms in their cores, resulting in the formation of heavier elements. On the outskirts of the Milky Way galaxy The formation of elements in a star depends on its mass. Stars are the size of our Sun and are smaller able to support reactions that create light elements such as lithium and beryllium when hydrogen and helium combine. More massive stars can produce heavier elements such as oxygen and nitrogen. However, phosphorus is not produced during such reactions inside the star. Supernova explosions, accompanied by the death of massive stars, are one of the known mechanisms for the origin of phosphorus. Flares eject elements into space, scattering astromaterials into the interstellar medium, where they can be absorbed by new generations of stars, as well as comets and planets. Massive stars can only form in regions where there is enough material to feed them. As you move away from the center of the galaxy, the density of matter decreases - the outskirts of galaxies are usually populated by massive stars. So the presence of phosphorus in a cloud called WB89-621, located about 74,000 light-years from the center of the Milky Way, poses a mystery to astrochemists. “The discovery of phosphorus at the edge of the galaxy raises questions and adds an additional piece to our puzzle. The presence of phosphorus in this area suggests that the process of its formation is more complex and is not limited only to supernova explosions,” explains chemist Liliya Koelemey, collaborating with Arizona State University. There are two main explanations for this phenomenon. One of them is associated with the “galactic fountain” model, which assumes the movement of elements from the inner regions of the galaxy to the outer through supernova explosions, ejecting matter from the galactic disk into the halo and its subsequent cooling and return. However, this explanation is questionable, since observational data on galactic fountains is not yet sufficient. Another explanation involves the possibility of phosphorus being formed in the region around the core of less massive stars by capturing neutrons. Here, silicon isotopes can capture additional neutrons to form phosphorus. The discovery of phosphorus on the outskirts of the Milky Way is an exciting and important study, valuable for understanding the formation of life in the Universe. This element is the last of the NCHOPS - nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur - essential building blocks for the emergence of life and which define the habitable zones of a galaxy. Previously, astronomers had not paid much attention to the outskirts of galaxies in search of exoplanets with biomarkers, because they believed that regions far from the center of galaxies did not have enough phosphorus. However, this discovery allows us to expand the scope of searches.

[phonemantra-blog]

New research shows how comets could be the source of life on planets outside our solar system Scientists theorize that comets may have spread the organic ingredients necessary for the emergence of life on Earth. New research suggests that comets may also deliver these elements to exoplanets. During the formation of the solar system, the Earth was bombarded by asteroids, comets and other space objects. How the planet obtained the water and molecules necessary for life is still controversial, but comets are considered the most likely sources of these substances. [caption id="attachment_83089" align="aligncenter" width="650"] planet[/caption] But if comets could potentially bring the seeds of life to Earth, could they serve a similar function for exoplanets in other parts of the universe? To explore this question, a team of researchers from the Institute of Astronomy at the University of Cambridge developed mathematical models that helped reveal how comets could transfer similar vital elements to other planets in our galaxy. While the study's findings do not yet provide a definitive answer about the presence of life on other planets, they may help narrow the search for exoplanets that may support life. “wandering” from planet to planet, spread life throughout the Universe? “We continue to learn more about the atmospheres of exoplanets, so our goal was to find out whether there were planets where complex organic molecules could also be delivered by comets. It's possible that the molecules that enabled life on Earth were brought in by comets, and the same may be true for planets in other galaxies,” said Richard Enslow, one of the study's authors, who works at the Institute of Astronomy at the University of Cambridge. Over the past decades, scientists have learned more about the prebiotic molecules found in comets. For example, NASA's Stardust mission discovered samples of glycine, an amino acid and building block of proteins, in Comet Wild 2 (81P/Wild), and the European Space Agency's Rosetta mission discovered organic molecules in the coma of Comet Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P). However, these organic molecules can be destroyed by strong comet impacts on the planet. So Enslow and his colleagues had to find scenarios in which a comet-planet collision occurs slowly enough to preserve the ingredients of life intact. The study, based on simulations, found that the slowest impact velocities occur in solar systems where planets are densely packed. Comets moving through such systems are slowed down by the gravitational influence of the planets. The simulations also showed that conditions for the emergence of life may be suitable on rocky planets orbiting red dwarfs. They are the most common type of star in the galaxy and are of interest to astronomers searching for exoplanets. However, planets in such systems are subject to more frequent high-speed collisions with comets and the likelihood of life appearing there is low, especially if the planets are located at significant distances from each other. “We can identify the types of systems that could be the subject of research to test different models for the origin of life. And this is another way to look at the amazing diversity of life on Earth and look for its analogues on other planets,” Anslow commented.

[phonemantra-blog]

Astrophysicists have discovered that the young star cluster IRS13 near the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* is much younger than expected. The IRS13 cluster migrated to the black hole due to friction with the interstellar medium and collisions with other clusters An international team led by Dr. Florian Peisskei from the Institute of Astrophysics at the University of Cologne has studied in detail a young star cluster near the supermassive black hole Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*) at the center of our galaxy and found that it is much younger than previously estimated. This cluster, known as IRS13, was discovered more than twenty years ago, but only now has it been possible to identify its components in detail by combining a wealth of data collected using different telescopes over several decades. The stars inside the cluster are several hundred thousand years old—they are extremely young by the standards of stellar life. For comparison, our Sun is about 5 billion years old. The galaxy's high-energy radiation and tidal forces make it surprising to have so many young stars near a supermassive black hole. [caption id="attachment_65577" align="aligncenter" width="453"] IRS13 star[/caption] Young stars near a black hole: the mystery of the IRS13 star cluster near Sagittarius A* The study used observations from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to record a spectrum free from interference from the galactic center. This spectrum reveals the presence of water ice in the galactic center. This water ice, which is often found in dusty disks around very young stars, was another independent indicator of the youth of some stars near the black hole. In addition to JWST's unexpected discovery of young stars and water ice, the researchers also discovered that IRS13 has a turbulent formation history. The results of the study suggest that IRS13 migrated to the supermassive black hole under the influence of friction with the interstellar medium, collisions with other star clusters, or internal processes. And then this star cluster was attracted by the gravity of the black hole. The process also created a compacted formation at the “top” of the cluster due to the dust surrounding the cluster. The increase in dust density stimulated further star formation. This explains why young stars are found mostly at the "top" or front of the cluster. “The analysis of IRS13 and interpretation of the history of this cluster is the first attempt to resolve a decades-old mystery about unexpectedly young stars at the galactic center. In addition to IRS13, there is another star cluster - the so-called S-cluster, which is even closer to the black hole and also consists of young stars. They are also much younger than is possible according to accepted theories,” says Dr. Paisskea. The results obtained about the IRS13 star cluster provide an open opportunity for further studies of the relationship between proximity to the black hole and regions several light years away. The second author of the study, Dr Mišal Zajaček from Masaryk University in Brno (Czech Republic), added: “The IRS13 star cluster appears to hold the key to the origin of the dense stellar population at the center of our galaxy. We have collected extensive evidence that very young stars within the range of a supermassive black hole could form in star clusters such as IRS13. This is also the first time we have been able to identify stellar populations of different ages - hot main sequence stars and young embryonic stars in a cluster so close to the center of the Milky Way."

[thecombustioncomic]

518 with the incredible @astronomical_objects check them out and learn a thing or two! #webcomics #comics #webcomic #comic #comicstrip #webtoon #art #illustration #comicart #cartoon #webcomicseries #drawing #instacomics #digitalart #comicstrips #instacomic #manga #comicsofinstagram #funnycomics #webtoons #funny #indiecomics #dailycomic #comicartist #artist #anime #artistsoninstagram #igcomics #digitalcomics https://www.instagram.com/p/CJ_OJIjBVLf/?igshid=1nptfh16fcx5u

[lucabart78]

Non c’è niente di più musicale che un tramonto. (Claude Debussy) #Sky #Atmospheric_phenomenon #Sun #Sunset #Light #Sunrise #Morning #Tree #Branch #Atmosphere #Cloud #Night #Darkness #Backlighting #Leaf #Evening #Astronomical_object #Sunlight #Heat #Horizon — view on Instagram https://ift.tt/2IPuX6Q