#animal feed additives industry

[animal-care]

Exploring Innovations Revolutionizing the Animal Feed Industry

Introduction

The global animal feed market was valued at over USD 460 billion in 2021 and is projected to exceed USD 650 billion by 2028, registering a compound annual growth rate CAGR of 4% during the forecast period. The Animal Feed Market is experiencing dynamic changes driven by evolving consumer preferences, technological advancements, and sustainability initiatives. This in-depth analysis delves into the latest innovations shaping the animal feed industry, providing insights into key trends, opportunities, and challenges for stakeholders.

Innovations Driving the Animal Feed Market:

Alternative Protein Sources:

With the escalating demand for sustainable and plant-based diets, alternative protein sources for animal feed formulations are gaining momentum.

Innovations in insect protein production, algae cultivation, single-cell proteins, and microbial biomass offer sustainable alternatives to conventional protein sources like soybean meal and fishmeal.

These alternative protein sources not only promote environmental sustainability but also provide essential nutrients for animals while reducing reliance on scarce resources.

Precision Nutrition:

Advancements in precision nutrition technologies are reshaping feed formulation and delivery, enabling customized diets tailored to individual animals' specific nutritional requirements.

Technologies such as near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), metabolomics, and predictive modeling enable real-time monitoring of animal health, performance, and nutrient utilization, leading to more efficient feed management practices.

The precision nutrition segment is anticipated to witness substantial growth, driven by increasing investments in digital technologies and data analytics, with the market expected to surpass USD 3 billion by 2028.

Alternative protein sources are expected to capture a significant market share, with insect protein alone projected to reach USD 1.5 billion by 2028.

Functional Feed Additives:

Functional feed additives, including probiotics, prebiotics, enzymes, organic acids, and botanical extracts, are gaining prominence for their potential to enhance animal health, immunity, and performance.

These additives support gut health, improve nutrient absorption, and mitigate the adverse effects of stress, pathogens, and environmental challenges on animal welfare.

Innovations in encapsulation and delivery technologies are enhancing the stability and efficacy of functional additives, ensuring their effectiveness throughout the animal's digestive tract.

Blockchain and Traceability:

Blockchain technology is increasingly being harnessed to enhance transparency, traceability, and accountability in the animal feed supply chain.

Through blockchain-based platforms, stakeholders can track feed ingredient journeys from farm to fork, ensuring compliance with quality standards, safety regulations, and sustainability criteria.

Blockchain facilitates seamless data sharing and verification across the supply chain, mitigating the risks of fraud, contamination, and mislabeling, thereby safeguarding animal and human health while bolstering consumer trust.

Challenges and Opportunities

Regulatory Hurdles:

Despite the potential benefits of innovative feed technologies, regulatory hurdles and approval processes can impede their adoption and commercialization.

Stakeholders must navigate complex regulatory landscapes and demonstrate the safety, efficacy, and sustainability of novel feed ingredients and additives to gain regulatory approval and market acceptance.

Cost Considerations:

The adoption of innovative feed technologies may involve higher initial costs and necessitate investment in research and development.

Stakeholders must carefully evaluate the cost-benefit ratio of implementing new technologies, considering factors such as feed efficiency improvements, animal performance gains, and long-term sustainability benefits.

Conclusion

Innovation is driving profound changes in the Animal Feed Market, offering transformative solutions to meet the evolving needs of livestock producers, consumers, and the environment. By embracing cutting-edge technologies and addressing regulatory challenges, stakeholders can unlock new opportunities for sustainable and profitable animal nutrition solutions while ensuring the health, welfare, and productivity of animals.

[marketinsight1234]

Animal Feed Additives Market Outlook for Forecast Period (2023 to 2030)

Global Animal Feed Additives Market was valued at USD 22.15 Billion in 2021 and is expected to reach USD 33.75 Billion by the year 2028, at a CAGR of 6.2%.

Feed additives is substance or combination of ingredients mixed into the basic feed mix or parts thereof to cater to the specific need. Feed additives form an essential part of animal nutrition, which enhances the feed quality, yield & quality of food from animal origin, and animal health. Generally, application in microquantities and requires careful handling and mixing. It is used to enhance the rate of gain, feed efficiency, preventing and controlling disease, prevention against untoward environmental influences. Furthermore, feed additives have main two types such as nutrient feed additives which include amino acids, minerals, and vitamins, and non-nutrient feed additives which include antibiotics, hormones, immunomodulators, enzymes, probiotics.

Leading players involved in the Animal Feed Additives Market include:

BASF SE, Tyson Foods Inc., Lallemand Inc., Kemin Industries, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Ajinomoto Co. Inc., Koninklijke DSM N.V., Akzo Nobel N.V., Alltech Inc., Biomin GmbH, Cargill Inc., Chr. Hansen Holding A/S, CP Group, Evonik Industries AG, Norel S.A., Novozymes A/S, Nutreco, Phibro Animal Health Corporation, Novus International Inc., Solvay Group, Archer Daniels Midland Company, Invivo Group and others Major players. 

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The latest research on the Animal Feed Additives market provides a comprehensive overview of the market for the years 2023 to 2030. It gives a comprehensive picture of the global Animal Feed Additives industry, considering all significant industry trends, market dynamics, competitive landscape, and market analysis tools such as Porter's five forces analysis, Industry Value chain analysis, and PESTEL analysis of the Animal Feed Additives market. Moreover, the report includes significant chapters such as Patent Analysis, Regulatory Framework, Technology Roadmap, BCG Matrix, Heat Map Analysis, Price Trend Analysis, and Investment Analysis which help to understand the market direction and movement in the current and upcoming years. The report is designed to help readers find information and make decisions that will help them grow their businesses. The study is written with a specific goal in mind: to give business insights and consultancy to help customers make smart business decisions and achieve long-term success in their particular market areas.

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Segmentation of Animal Feed Additives Market:

By Type

Amino Acids

Antibiotics

Feed Enzymes

Feed Acidifiers

Vitamins

Others

By Form

Dry

Liquid

By Source

Synthetic

Natural

By Livestock

Ruminant

Swine

Poultry

Aquaculture

Others

An in-depth study of the Animal Feed Additives industry for the years 2023–2030 is provided in the latest research. North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, the Middle East, and Africa are only some of the regions included in the report's segmented and regional analyses. The research also includes key insights including market trends and potential opportunities based on these major insights. All these quantitative data, such as market size and revenue forecasts, and qualitative data, such as customers' values, needs, and buying inclinations, are integral parts of any thorough market analysis.

Market Segment by Regions: -

North America (US, Canada, Mexico)

Eastern Europe (Bulgaria, The Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Rest of Eastern Europe)

Western Europe (Germany, UK, France, Netherlands, Italy, Russia, Spain, Rest of Western Europe)

Asia Pacific (China, India, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, The Philippines, Australia, New Zealand, Rest of APAC)

Middle East & Africa (Turkey, Bahrain, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, UAE, Israel, South Africa)

South America (Brazil, Argentina, Rest of SA)

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2. Informed Decision-Making for Professionals and Product Developers:

Access a detailed breakdown of the Animal Feed Additives Market Growth 2023-2030 market worldwide, including product variations, use cases, technologies, and final consumers. Allocate resources effectively by anticipating demand patterns for emerging products. Stay ahead in product development by understanding market dynamics and consumer preferences.

3. Strategic Planning for Sales Managers and Market Stakeholders:

Utilize market breakdowns to target specific segments, optimizing sales strategies. Address challenges and capitalize on expansion opportunities highlighted in the report. Mitigate threats effectively with a comprehensive understanding of market risks.

4. Comprehensive Understanding for Executives:

Analyze primary drivers, challenges, restrictions, and opportunities in the global Laboratory Clothes market. Develop effective strategies by gaining insights into market dynamics. Allocate resources based on a thorough understanding of market conditions.

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Obtain a detailed analysis of competitors and their key tactics in the Animal Feed Additives Market Growth 2023-2030. Plan market positioning based on a comprehensive understanding of the competitive landscape. Stay ahead by learning from competitors’ strengths and weaknesses.

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Evaluate the accuracy of global Animal Feed Additives Market Growth 2023-2030 business forecasts across regions, major countries, and top enterprises. Make data-driven decisions with confidence, minimizing risks associated with inaccurate forecasts. Stay ahead of industry trends by aligning business strategies with reliable forecasts.

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[cmibloggers]

Global Animal Nutrition Market Is Estimated To Witness High Growth Owing To Increasing Demand for Nutritious Feed

The global animal nutrition market is estimated to be valued at USD 22.18 billion in 2022 and is expected to exhibit a CAGR of 6.93% over the forecast period 2023-2032, as highlighted in a new report published by Coherent Market Insights.

A) Market Overview:

The animal nutrition market deals with the production and supply of nutritious feed for animals. This includes feed additives, supplements, and premixes that are essential for the growth and development of animals. The market offers a wide range of products tailored to the specific needs of various animal species such as poultry, swine, ruminants, and aquaculture.

The need for high-quality animal nutrition products arises from the increasing demand for meat, dairy, and other animal-based products, driven by the growing global population. Consumers are becoming more aware of the importance of a nutritious diet for animal health and welfare, which in turn impacts the quality and safety of the end products they consume. As a result, there is a rising focus on providing animals with balanced diets that promote healthy growth, improve productivity, and reduce the risk of diseases.

B) Market Key Trends:

One key trend in the animal nutrition market is the shift towards natural and organic feed additives. With the increasing preference for clean-label products and sustainable farming practices, there is a growing demand for feed additives derived from natural sources. Organic additives offer several benefits such as improved digestion, enhanced immunity, and reduced dependency on antibiotics. For example, probiotics and prebiotics derived from natural sources have gained significant popularity as they promote gut health in animals without any adverse effects.

C) PEST Analysis:

Political: Government regulations on animal welfare and feed safety standards play a crucial role in shaping the animal nutrition market. Strict regulations regarding the use of antibiotics and growth-promoting substances in animal feed are driving the demand for alternative feed additives.

Economic: The increasing disposable income and changing dietary preferences of consumers are driving the demand for high-quality animal-based products. This, in turn, is pushing farmers and animal nutrition companies to invest in premium feed solutions for better animal health and improved product quality.

Social: The rising awareness about animal welfare and the impact of animal nutrition on human health is influencing consumer preferences. There is a growing demand for products that are produced using sustainable and ethical farming practices.

Technological: Advancements in technology have enabled the production of innovative animal nutrition solutions. Precision feeding, precision farming, and digital technologies are being adopted to optimize feed formulations and monitor animal health and performance.

D) Key Takeaways:In terms of market size, the global animal nutrition market is expected to witness high growth, exhibiting a CAGR of 6.93% over the forecast period. This growth can be attributed to increasing consumer demand for safe and nutritious animal-based products. The rising focus on natural and organic feed additives is also expected to drive market growth.

Regionally, Asia Pacific is expected to be the fastest-growing and dominating region in the animal nutrition market. The growing population, rising urbanization, and increasing disposable income in countries like China and India are driving the demand for high-quality animal-based products. Additionally, the presence of key players in the region further contributes to its dominance.

Key players operating in the global animal nutrition market include Archer-Daniels-Midland Company, Adisseo France SAS, Alltech, BASF SE, Cargill Inc., Dow Chemical Company, DuPont, Evonik Industries AG, Tata Chemicals, Novozymes A/S, Royal DSM N.V., Kemin Industries, Inc., and Nutreco N.V. These players focus on research and development activities to introduce innovative products and gain a competitive edge in the market.

Overall, the animal nutrition market is poised for significant growth due to increasing demand for nutritious feed, rising consumer awareness about animal welfare, and the need for sustainable farming practices. Key players and industry stakeholders need to capitalize on these opportunities to meet the growing market demands and address the evolving needs of consumers.

[vegance]

i am also vegan because cattle farming is the main cause of amazon deforestation and illegal land seizures fom indeginous brazilians

i am also vegan because the shrimp industry enslaves and abuses migrant fishermen from south-east asia

i am also vegan because animal agriculture is one of the main drivers of climate change, which most affects the poorest on earth

i am also vegan because european fishing vessels are systematically stealing fish from somalian waters

i am also vegan because we could directly feed an additional 1 billion people with some of the food we feed to livestock animals

i am also vegan because animal agriculture is a main driver of antibiotic resistance, which killed 1,27 million people in 2019

i am also vegan because i believe it is wrong to exploit the planet and the most vulnerable populations for the sake of sensory pleasure

[11queensupreme11]

I think that regardless of the divorce between Hades and Persephone the seasons will continue to happen, if we think about the myth we will remember that the reason why Persephone was permanently trapped in the underworld was because before returning to her mother she ate some seeds of pomegranate, so following this reasoning we can think that their marriage was just a formality to preserve Persephone's honor since she was kidnapped and probably abused by Hades (we know that at that time if a woman was abused she should marry the abuser to preserve her and her family’s honor)

We know that some curses cannot be broken even by the gods (Beelzebub as an example) so we just need to think that the curse present in pomegranates (it is in all underworld foods) are so strong that even the gods who eat them are forced to be trapped in the underworld without being able to free herself, so Persephone would still be forced to spend 6 months in the underworld but now she is no longer forced to be imprisoned in the Palace of Hades and is free from the obligations of a wife

As the curse still forces her to spend part of the year there, the seasons continue as her mother is still unhappy with the situation but now the seasons (mainly autumn and winter) are much milder as Demeter is happy with her divorce. daughter, the seasons being milder (autumn and winter) and stronger (spring and summer) is not necessarily good since climate change can accidentally destroy the existing ecosystem, it would practically be divine global warming melting the ice areas, leaving deserts and hot areas in hellish temperatures, plants and food would ONLY be able to grow in spring since this would be the only climate that would not have an excessive change, which although it doesn't seem like it is very bad since planting only in one area for just a long period of time without giving the soil time to rest will deplete all nutrients from the soil leaving it infertile

Due to the changes, it would be impossible to plant food in other seasons as fruits and vegetables would not be able to adapt to climate changes and it would be unnecessary to resort to the use of pesticides and other artificial cultivation techniques to keep the few harvests alive, this would affect the quality of the crop. food would decline and would cause prices to increase since with the drop in food production it would not be able to match the great demand of the population and this would cause an increase in world hunger and food insecurity for the poorest people since we know that when there is a large demand for a limited quantity of a product the price of that product will naturally rise

The problem will be so big that it will probably also affect animals, wild animals will have difficulty adapting to climate change (probably these animals died from heat and cold as their bodies were not adapted, in fact now that I think about the high temperatures can lead to natural fires that would devastate entire forests) and many will die due to lack of food (without plants, herbivores will not be able to feed themselves and without herbivores, predators will not be able to feed themselves and this will probably collapse many ecosystems), the Livestock industries will also be affected as they, in addition to having difficulty feeding animals, will have to worry about them dying due to the climate (many industries will probably go bankrupt) with the drop in production products such as meat of any kind will probably rise in price which will undermine people's purchasing power, which will generate even greater food insecurity

In short, everyone on earth will suffer because Percy indirectly destroyed a harmonious ecosystem thousands of years old because she is so hot and charismatic, I can't imagine the look on her face knowing that humans are dying as collateral damage of her being in an ALMOST relationship romantic relationship between her and the yanderes, not to mention the damage that Poseidon can do with the tides, Beelzebub with diseases and violence and Apollo with literal Global warming, our girl is indirectly leading humans to extinction just by exist

BRO???? 💀💀💀

i have to ask, but are you an environmentalist major or something related to that????

cuz i remember you (or at least i think it was you) sending a previous long ask about the consequences of poseidon making it dangerous for humans to be in the sea, you were talking about pearls, medicine, sea food, etc and it was sooooo well-written and detailed omg 😂

but everything you wrote is EXACTLY why i'm making it so all four seasons still exist 💀 talking about the aftermath with the ecosystem is just give me psychic damage cuz i'll feel like i'm back in my bio class again 🫠

[probablyasocialecologist]

In this Our Changing Climate climate change video essay, I examine the causes and destruction of our current industrialized food system. Specifically, I dive into the capitalist commodification of food, and how most of the industrialized farming that takes place in the imperial core doesn't produce crops for our consumption. Instead, the majority of the "food" we grow goes toward animal feed and biofuels. In addition, the fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides that our current industrialized farming system gobbles up are derived from fossil fuels. Essentially, fossil fuel corporations are laundering their dirty fuels through the very chemicals farmers use to grow their crops. Our food system is broken. We're in desperate need of a new agro-ecological revolution.

[tomorrowusa]

The Great Salt Lake is drying up and the Republican government of Utah is doing little to save it. They constantly cave to the usual groups: agricultural interests, mining, homeowners who like spacious lawns in an arid region, and big industry.

The largest saltwater lake in the western hemisphere has been steadily shrinking, as more and more water has been diverted away from the lake to irrigate farmland, feed industry and water lawns. A megadrought across the US south-west, accelerated by global heating, has hastened the lake’s demise. Unless dire action is taken, the lake could decline beyond recognition within five years, a report published early this year warned, exposing a dusty lakebed laced with arsenic, mercury, lead and other toxic substances.The resulting toxic dustbowl would be “one of the worst environmental disasters in modern US history”, the ecologist Ben Abbott of Brigham Young University told the Guardian earlier this year. Despite such warnings, officials have failed to take serious action, local groups said in their lawsuit, which was filed on Wednesday. “We are trying to avert disaster. We are trying to force the hand of state government to take serious action,” said Brian Moench of the Utah Physicians for a Healthy Environment, one of the groups suing state agencies. “Plaintiffs pray that this Court declare that the State of Utah has breached its trust duty to ensure water flows into the Great Salt Lake sufficient to maintain the Lake,” reads the lawsuit, which was brought by coalition that includes Earthjustice, the Utah Rivers Council, the Center for Biological Diversity and the Sierra Club, among others.

Political pressure has not been very effective in a state dominated by Republicans. The state's response is lukewarm at best. That's in addition to bizarre proposals.

The state’s Republican governor, Spencer Cox, has suspended new claims to water in the Great Salt Lake basin and appointed a commissioner to oversee response to the lake crisis. Last year, Utah’s legislature passed several conservation measures, including a $40m trust to support lake preservation projects. But Abbott and his colleagues, who authored a sobering report on the lake in January, found that those measures increased flows to the lake by just 100,000 acre feet in 2022. About 2.5m acre-feet a year of water will need to flow into the lake to bring it to a healthy level, the researchers estimated. That water will likely have to come at the expense of agriculture, which takes in about three-quarters of the water diverted away from the lake to grow mostly alfalfa and hay. Cities and mineral extraction operations each take up another 9% of diverted water. But wresting water away from agriculture is politically complicated. Officials have explored propositions to pay farmers to fallow land and use less water, though such proposals have yet to gain much tractions. Lawmakers have also offered up a series of out-of-the-box solutions – including cloud seeding, which uses chemicals to prompt more precipitation – or building a giant pipeline from the Pacific Ocean.

Seriously, a pipeline from the Pacific Ocean? This is a classic idiotic GOP way to deal with an environmental catastrophe which doesn't get to the root of the problem.

Already, the lake has lost 73% of its water and 60% of its surface area, and is becoming saltier, threatening native flies and brine shrimp. A diminished lake may be unable to support the more than 10 million migratory birds that stop over in the region. A white pelican colony recently abandoned a nesting site on the lake, potentially due to declining water levels. “In addition to the millions of people who live here, so many plants and animals depend on the lake,” said Deeda Seed, Utah campaigner at the Center for Biological Diversity. “The health of northern Utah’s entire population depends on the Great Salt Lake’s survival and I hope this lawsuit can help save it.”

^^^ emphasis added

Yep, take their asses to court to save the body of water which gave the state's largest city its name.

[willieajacobsv]

Factory Farming and Global Warming: Understanding the Environmental Impact

 

Factory farming, a dominant method of agricultural production worldwide, has increasingly come under scrutiny due to its significant contribution to global warming. This intensive farming practice involves raising livestock such as poultry, cattle, and pigs in tightly confined spaces, often indoors, to maximize production efficiency. While efficient in meeting the demands of a growing global population, factory farming exacts a heavy toll on the environment, particularly through global warming.

The primary environmental concern associated with factory farming is its substantial greenhouse gas emissions. Livestock raised in these facilities produce methane, a potent greenhouse gas that contributes significantly to global warming. Methane is released through processes like enteric fermentation in ruminant animals and manure decomposition. In addition to methane, factory farms also emit nitrous oxide, another potent greenhouse gas, primarily from animal waste management.

Moreover, the industrial-scale production of livestock in factory farms necessitates vast amounts of resources. This includes land for growing feed crops like corn and soy, which often involves deforestation and habitat destruction, further exacerbating global warming. Additionally, the intensive use of water and fossil fuels for operations such as feed production, animal transportation, and waste management contributes to carbon dioxide emissions, compounding the environmental impact.

Factory farming also poses risks to biodiversity and ecosystem health. The concentration of large numbers of animals in confined spaces increases the likelihood of disease outbreaks, which can necessitate the use of antibiotics and other chemicals. These substances can leach into soil and water systems, negatively affecting local ecosystems and wildlife. Furthermore, the runoff from animal waste, containing nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus, contributes to water pollution and harmful algal blooms, further damaging aquatic ecosystems.

Addressing the environmental impact of factory farming requires concerted efforts across multiple fronts. Transitioning towards sustainable agricultural practices, such as pasture-based farming and agroecology, can significantly reduce the carbon footprint of meat and dairy production. These methods prioritize animal welfare, biodiversity conservation, and soil health while minimizing greenhouse gas emissions associated with global warming.

Consumers also play a crucial role in mitigating the environmental impact of factory farming. Choosing locally sourced, organic, and sustainably produced food can reduce the demand for products from intensive farming operations. Supporting policies and initiatives that promote sustainable agriculture and regulate greenhouse gas emissions from livestock production are also essential steps towards combating global warming exacerbated by factory farming.

In conclusion, while factory farming meets the demand for affordable meat and dairy products globally, its environmental impact, particularly on global warming, cannot be overlooked. The intensive production methods and associated greenhouse gas emissions pose significant challenges to environmental sustainability and climate resilience. By promoting sustainable agricultural practices and making informed consumer choices, individuals and communities can contribute to reducing the environmental footprint of factory farming and mitigating global warming effects on a global scale.

[swashbucklery]

So anyway for those of you who were like wow we sure learned a lot about Fantasy Textiles but gosh what a relief that @swashbucklery shared all of their textile opinions: sucks to be you! I was chatting with @badlance the other day about Wildwood textile headcanons specifically and I have So Many Additional Thoughts.

Semi-Self-Sufficient Commune Textile Economies In Rural England The Wildwood Which Is Made Up: A Tumblr Post

So. A lot of this is pinned in the assumptions from my previous post, which supposes a decentralized artisan economy in which we have skilled makers producing textiles on a small scale in local cottage businesses. This is underpinned by some of the costuming decisions that we see in the Wildwood episode.

So.

1. Cloth Cloth is going to need to be constructed from a base fibre, and in the forest they're unlikely to be able to access cotton or flax farmed on a large scale without clearing large swaths of forest exclusively for textile farming, which is inefficient at best. Assuming that trade is limited, you are then looking at what textiles can be grown, raised, or foraged close to home.

Wool is an excellent textile substrate, and certainly you can raise sheep on pasture that includes woodland quite effectively as long as it's a low-density forest that has enough ground vegetation. This again is not the large-scale type agriculture you might be thinking of where there are hundreds of sheep that need industrially produced feed and pasturing. It's more like - this is Dave and his ten sheep. Small flocks, with decentralized grazing territory. Which, again, for that scale of production may be plenty, especially if you're raising a multipurpose breed. Sheep have value both as a meat animal and as a textile-producing animal, and you can make truly stellar cheese from sheep's milk. They can lamb every year which gives you a nice circular economy of - you lamb in the spring, have more lambs than you need to maintain your flock, shear their wool in the autumn, and then enjoy a nice lamb dinner if you have more sheep than you can overwinter yourself. Goats would also work, but you get different fiber out of them that is less practical (although can be blended really well with wool for harder-wearing garments), so I'd say probably more likely a sheep-goat mix heavy on the sheep.

(This would also be a way of connecting with larger economies; raising and selling livestock or meat could be an important way of bartering or earning coin for things that they can't produce themselves.)

Depending on the breed of sheep, a lamb fleece will give you 2-4 pounds of wool and an adult sheep typically gives more, and two to three pounds of wool is easily enough for a large adult garment, so that's a new sweater or blanket every year per sheep.

You can knit or weave with wool yarn, which would also yield blankets and bedding.

(Now here we also get into climate, because:

is it warm enough for the sheep to be able to graze on forest pasture year-round or are we looking at having roving shepherds that are moving sheep between summer and winter pastures. Are those regions microclimates within the Wildwood or are they venturing elsewhere (presumably out of the mountains) in the winter?

is it too warm to wear wool garments for part of the year? Does it get cold enough for wearing wool garments to be practical? If they're needed only for outerwear or bedding for a few weeks a year, that puts even less pressure on the wool systems.

I would actually be inclined to assume that they might have seasonal pasturing areas, if only because it explains the need for a larger territory than just their village + forest requires.)

The other textile substrate that I see as being more dominant in the Wildwood subsistence economy is going to be grass-based textiles. Specifically: nettle.

Nettles grow as a weed in a lot of forests ~in regions like the Wildwood~, and can be harvested and spun for fiber much the same way as flax. If you're curious, there's a super crunchy how-to guide here. This will spin up and can be woven into a textile fairly similar to linen, which would be fairly durable and easily made into garments.

I also feel like the Wildwood ecology would likely have some kind of indigo plant growing wild nearby. We see a lot of green textiles, and a very common way to dye green using only plant-based materials is to dye a fabric yellow and then overdye with indigo blue. Yellow dye can be found in a multitude of dye plants (onion skins, marigolds, many others), but blue is much more particular, and would need special attention and knowledge. So knowing this, you would certainly have - a number of spinners and weavers skilled enough to have spinning wheels and floor looms, I think, for larger production. You might have one dyer per community, but this might also be something that spinners and weavers would do themselves.

You also wouldn't necessarily need - like, you would have specific weavers and spinners, but they wouldn't need to be exclusively responsible for all textile production. Ruth Goodman talks in some of her books about the ways that knitting and other repetitive textile work were also things that skilled operators could do without looking, as a way to pass the time in the dark when artificial light was not widespread or particularly effective. That thing of like, spindle-spinning by hand around a fire is something that even the warriors could help with, if they were really running a self-sufficient commune. So in addition to artisans you'd have people weaving and spinning and sewing for their personal use.

It's also important to understand, in this type of economic system, the value and expected longevity of garments. If it takes your neighbour three months to spin and weave enough cloth for a new coat, that coat had better last until it disintegrates. So you see more mending and patching garments together. There is also clearly a culture of - like we see that some of the characters are given clothing to borrow for the party, which is quite sweet. But we also see the significance of those textiles being understood by the characters as - not a gift, but on loan, because of their value.

The above also really highlights the significance of the gift that Jade gets, having her own set of leather armor. Not just because it marks her as part of that society but because of the labour and material value of that type of gift. Which brings me to:

2. Leather I also think the Bone Reavers would 100% be doing their own leatherwork + leather tanning. Like, I know the "skull-boiling cauldron" line in the show was (kind of) a joke, but honestly - if you need the infrastructure to make elaborate bone masks, you for sure have the infrastructure to do DIY leather tanning. Researching that more is not for the squeamish, but if you google "brain tanning leather" there are tons of resources that can explain it more fully. This is a traditional practice among a lot of the North American Indigenous peoples, which could potentially point to the idea of the Reavers - if not amalgamating with, at least learning closely from comparable cultures within the Wildwood.

Raising cattle on a large enough scale to make leather armor probably wouldn't be realistic without a fairly vast territory, but the technique works with lots of types of hides, so sheep and deer would be more accessible alternatives.

And that’s enough textile feelings for today, folks! I hope this was useful, I love talking about little details of domesticity and especially in the context of fantasy worldbuilding.

[formulaorange]

Cat Nutrition - An Off-Topic Post

I've worked in the pet food industry for the last 7 years and it always shocks me how little people know about the nutritional needs for their cats/ pets in general. A lot of people just follow what their parents did or whatever the vet or pet store recommends (often promoting their own brands). Here's a big blurb of everything you should know about feeding your fur beans. For those short on time here's the spark notes version: Kibble is really bad for cats and was really only made for human convenience and profit- it dehydrates them which is one of the main causes for kidney disease which affects 1 in 3 cats and is ridiculously high carb - 3-5x more than what they need. Even fancy feast or the lowest quality wet/canned food is better than the highest quality dry/kibble. While Raw can have it's downsides if fed improperly, there's lots of balanced brands that can make it easy and is really the best for them, it's what their bodies are made to eat! Picky cats: Add warm water to their food. Play with them before meal times. Find 4-5 different foods they like and rotate so they don't get bored. Do your own research! Find out what works best for you, don't blindly follow what vets tell you and what friends or family have been doing. Here's everything to know about Cat and their role in the Pet Food Industry:

1. Cat are desert animals! This means that they are made to be getting 80-90% of their moisture from their food! Most cats will only drink water from a bowl when they are severely dehydrated. This is why feeding wet food (canned) or raw is so much more important. 2. Kibble is a new invention for Human Convenience! Kibble has only been around for 67 years! The first kibble was invented in 1956. Back in the 40s during WWII there were sanctions put on the use of cans and metals, essentially removing the option of canned pet foods. This pushed companies to find an alternative, working with by products (left overs) from cereal companies they created a high-profit cheap food they could sell to customers that had a better shelf life. -How is Kibble made? Almost all kibble goes through a process called extrusion where the initial ingredients, meats, by-products and additives are processed under intense heat and pressure 4-5 times before they're cut to shape and sprayed with flavors and oils. This process removes nutrients, vitamins and pretty much everything from the original ingredients. Try cooking a high grade steak at max output on your oven 4-5 times and see if anything is really worth eating at that point. -Veterinary Diets In the late 60s, a generation after the invention of kibble, there became an increase in kidney and liver failures, prompting a French vet to create his own trademarked food - Royal Canin with Hill's Science Diet being created later in the US. (Fun fact, Hill's has actually trademarked the term "prescription diet" so that no other pet food brand is allowed to use it in their packaging.) 3. Cats vs. Dogs - What's the difference? While dogs are much more flexible in what they can eat, Cats are obligate carnivores. A Carnivore (Dogs) does well on meat based diets, while Obligate Carnivores (Cats) need a meat based diet in order to survive. Broken down in food- dogs ideally need 30% protein, 63% fat and 7% carb from their food cats need 53% protein, 35% fat and 12%. 4. Why does this matter and what does it mean for their food? Dry foods are primarily carbohydrates. 35-50% on average. This is 3-5x more than a cat needs in addition to the lack of protein, which is what keeps a cat functioning. Grains - or carbs can be extremely detrimental to a cats body: Carbohydrates turn into sugar in the body, meaning the more carbs a cat consumes, the more sugar, which increases their chances of getting diabetes. In the wild, most cats choose to avoid eating the intestines of their prey, where most of the grains and fibre are kept, indicating cats also use very little to no fibre in their diets. On top of that, the lack of moisture in kibble actually dehydrates cats, one of the primary reasons for kidney problems down the line, affecting 1 in 3 cats. 5. What do I feed my Cat? Feed wet or raw! At the end of the day, if your cat only eats fancy feast or whiskas, or if that's the only wet(canned) food you can afford, it's a huge step forward for their diets. These brands are going to be better than any of the highest quality dry foods you can find because it means they're getting the moisture and protein they need without the extra carb and salt content. Raw foods have come a long way. They aren't all the frozen patties or having to home cook the meal with all these added supplements. There's lots of complete brands out there in different formats that make it easy for everyone. Freeze-dried is a form of raw that you rehydrate and feed. Air-dried (most expensive) is fed like kibble, and is kind of a jerky texture. If you're on raw, or with any food, make sure to wash your hands with soap before and after feeding and I recommend getting your cat dewormed twice a year for precautionary actions. -Treats the common ones like greenies, tempations are all kibble like treats, filled with carbs and salt, that make them irresistible but also horrible for them. Single 1 ingredient treats are the best out there. Even a scrab of unseasoned chicken from dinner or salmon sashimi from a sushi night is a great alternative.

6. Reading the Label Once you get into canned foods, there's hundreds of options. Here's a few things that help me decide what's worth it and what to avoid. Starting from worst to best with the wording: "Flavor" ie - "Beef flavor Dog food" it doesn't even need a certain percentage of beef, as long as it's technically detected in the food. "With" ie - "Dinner with beef" - beef only has to be minimum 3% of the food. 25% rule - If the food has 25% or more of the main protein, it can be labelled as "Beef entree" or "lamb Dinner". If there's more than 1, they can be labelled together but must add up to 25% and be labelled in the order of their percentage. - ie "Lamb & Lamb Liver Entree" 95% rule - At least 95% of the food must be of the listed protein. "Chicken dog food" Often - those with a 95% label will proudly show it, while the others you'll have to read to notice. 7. Kitten vs. Adult vs. Senior food There's really only 4 categories a food can be put into - Gestation/Lactation (for Mama cats) Growth Maintenance All Life Stages "Senior food" does not have a category as there is no clear definition on a change of nutritional needs as a cat ages. While "Growth" is typically attributed to kittens, most wet foods will have kitten portioning as they are all life stages. The biggest difference is that kitten food is fattier and has some added nutrients needed for growth. These can also be found in any other canned food with the appropriate portioning. 8. Urinary Food There's a lot of misconceptions about this. Brands will advertise Urinary dry food or the vet line - Kidney food. But if it's dry, as we now know, it dehydrates them, furthering the damage to the kidneys, making it extremely counter intuitive. Any wet food will be better than a dry "urinary" food to help treat this issue, ideally a low phosphorous brand. - Weruva is the most popular and has a low phosphorous line as well. 9. Fish Fish is not a naturally occurring food for cats! Cats only started eating fish when fishing became prominent in human civilizations. Fish is the most common occurring allergy in cats! - some symptoms are constant itchiness, rashes, immediately throwing up, or butt dragging after a poop. I personally recommend avoiding fish in cat foods, especially Tuna, if it's bad for us in large quantities due to the toxic build up of chemicals and things like mercury, imagine what it does to them. 10. Pickiness and Meal Time Cats are notoriously picky or fussy or spoiled. This is because they have 4 stages of food preference that need to be just right. 1 - smell 2 - taste 3 - texture / consistency 4 - how it sits in their stomach

It's hard to find exactly what they want and unfortunately there's no shortcut. It's really just trial and error.

Hot tips: -Add warm water to their food - it's gross but cats like their food at prey body temperature, if it's cold to the touch for us, it's likely not that appealing for them either.

-Just like dogs, keeping a routine is incredibly important for cats. they're actually a lot more meticulous about routine than dogs are and will let you know exactly when breakfast and dinner time is. Leaving the food out makes it less appealing for them. If they don't eat breakfast, take the food away and they have to wait for dinner. Over time they'll eat until they're done during meal time.

-Play with them before food! Cats are hunters, their goal for survival is catch, kill, eat, sleep etc. Play with them near meal time, get them real worked up until they're exhausted, then put down food, they'll be much more likely to eat now that they're gotten all the hunting out of the way.

-I recommend having at least 4 or 5 different flavors or brands that your cat likes, to rotate through so they don't get bored and you don't end up at square 1 when they decide that one they like isn't good enough anymore.

Keep in mind: Beef, Lamb & Duck are often high in fat and should be used as a once in a while protein. Chicken & Turkey are the best proteins. Even if your cat doesn't like chicken from one brand, they could go nuts for one from a different brand or even the same brand with a different texture. Try them out and see, don't eliminate a whole protein so easily because of a few that get turned down.

I think that's a wrap. Food really makes a world of a difference for these guys, their whole world revolves around it and getting it right can mean years of a difference. - For reference, the average life expectancy for indoor cats is 15-20 years old! For the devils' advocates - yes there are cats that have lived long lives on the worst quality dry foods, but they're really the exceptions, same as people. There's definitely people who have lived to their 90s or older surviving off McDonalds or the equivalent, but that's not really the kind of quality of life or food you want to be giving your pet who is entirely dependent on your choices at the pet store. If you stuck around to the end, I appreciate you, and I'm glad there are other people out there who care just as much about their furry friends as I do. I'm more than willing to discuss any questions, even it it's not directly about their nutrition! Side note - some of the canned food brands I'm a big fan of: Feline Natural Rawz Tiki Cat Nature's Logic Identity Weruva/BFF

[research-related-blogs]

Animal Feed Additive Market- Nourishing Industry Landscape

Animal feed additives are used to meet the nutritional needs of animals through the feed itself. This combination of ingredients is added to the animal feed mix to fulfill specific growth demands. These additives are usually added in micro quantity. It is used to increase efficiency, control diseases, and rate of gain.

Animal feed additives are vital in modern agriculture to enhance the nutritional capacity of livestock. From vitamins and minerals, probiotics, and additives continue to contribute to growth and overall performance. Animal feed additives are increasingly being demanded for optimizing feed quality and promoting animal welfare.

Antioxidants and amino acids supplements are growth promoters as the livestock industry is challenged by growing demand for the population. Ensuring the supply of quality food and animal well-being from a sustainability perspective are upfront challenges ahead of companies.

Innovation and research are keys to improving food production sustainability and their impact on animal farming. It reduced the carbon footprint of agriculture. Farmers have become increasingly aware of their feed impact and the overall performance of their livestock. Stringent quality standards of livestock feed are pushing farmers towards high-quality feed additives in animal nutrition programs.

Several countries have placed restrictions on the use of antibiotics in animal feed as it created conditions of antimicrobial resistance. The paradigm shift in the industry towards sustainable alternatives is anticipated to increase the share of animal feed additives in the coming years.

[animal-care]

Exploring Innovations in the Animal Feed Market Forecast 2028

Market Size and Growth

The Animal Feed Market is witnessing robust growth globally, fueled by the increasing demand for high-quality animal protein, growing livestock populations, and rising consumer awareness about animal nutrition and welfare. According to recent market research reports, the global animal feed market was valued at over USD 460 billion in 2021 and is projected to exceed USD 650 billion by 2028, registering a compound annual growth rate CAGR of 4% during the forecast period.

Key Drivers of Market Growth

Rising Meat Consumption:

The growing global population, rising disposable incomes, and changing dietary preferences are driving an increase in meat consumption worldwide.

As a result, there is a corresponding rise in demand for animal feed to support the production of livestock, poultry, and aquaculture species.

Expansion of Livestock Production:

Developing economies, particularly in Asia-Pacific and Latin America, are witnessing rapid urbanization and industrialization, leading to the expansion of intensive livestock farming operations.

This trend is driving the need for efficient and nutritious animal feed formulations to support the health, growth, and productivity of livestock and poultry.

Technological Advancements:

Innovations in feed processing technologies, such as extrusion, pelleting, and micronization, are improving the digestibility, palatability, and nutritional value of animal feeds.

Advanced feed additives and supplements, including vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and growth promoters, are enhancing animal performance and health outcomes, driving market growth.

Regional Market Insights

Asia-Pacific:

Asia-Pacific dominates the global animal feed market, accounting for the largest share of both production and consumption.

Rapid urbanization, rising disposable incomes, and increasing meat consumption in countries like China, India, and Vietnam are driving market growth in the region.

North America:

North America is a mature market for animal feed, characterized by high levels of automation, stringent quality standards, and advanced feed formulation practices.

The region benefits from a well-developed livestock industry, strong regulatory frameworks, and a focus on sustainability and animal welfare.

Europe:

Europe is witnessing a shift towards sustainable and organic animal farming practices, driving demand for organic and natural feed ingredients.

Regulatory initiatives promoting antibiotic-free production, animal welfare standards, and environmental sustainability are shaping the European animal feed market landscape.

Conclusion

The Animal Feed Market is poised for significant growth in the coming years, driven by factors such as rising meat consumption, expanding livestock production, and technological advancements in feed formulation and processing. As the industry continues to evolve, stakeholders must stay abreast of emerging trends, regulatory developments, and consumer preferences to capitalize on growth opportunities and address challenges effectively. By embracing innovation, sustainability, and collaboration, the animal feed industry can play a crucial role in ensuring food security, nutrition, and environmental sustainability for future generations.

[marketinsight1234]

Animal Feed Additives Market Outlook for Forecast Period (2023 to 2030)

Global Animal Feed Additives Market was valued at USD 22.15 Billion in 2021 and is expected to reach USD 33.75 Billion by the year 2028, at a CAGR of 6.2%.

Feed additives is substance or combination of ingredients mixed into the basic feed mix or parts thereof to cater to the specific need. Feed additives form an essential part of animal nutrition, which enhances the feed quality, yield & quality of food from animal origin, and animal health. Generally, application in microquantities and requires careful handling and mixing. It is used to enhance the rate of gain, feed efficiency, preventing and controlling disease, prevention against untoward environmental influences. Furthermore, feed additives have main two types such as nutrient feed additives which include amino acids, minerals, and vitamins, and non-nutrient feed additives which include antibiotics, hormones, immunomodulators, enzymes, probiotics.

Leading players involved in the Animal Feed Additives Market include:

BASF SE, Tyson Foods Inc., Lallemand Inc., Kemin Industries, E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company, Ajinomoto Co. Inc., Koninklijke DSM N.V., Akzo Nobel N.V., Alltech Inc., Biomin GmbH, Cargill Inc., Chr. Hansen Holding A/S, CP Group, Evonik Industries AG, Norel S.A., Novozymes A/S, Nutreco, Phibro Animal Health Corporation, Novus International Inc., Solvay Group, Archer Daniels Midland Company, Invivo Group and others Major players. 

Get Full PDF Sample Copy of Report: (Including Full TOC, List of Tables & Figures, Chart) @

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The latest research on the Animal Feed Additives market provides a comprehensive overview of the market for the years 2023 to 2030. It gives a comprehensive picture of the global Animal Feed Additives industry, considering all significant industry trends, market dynamics, competitive landscape, and market analysis tools such as Porter's five forces analysis, Industry Value chain analysis, and PESTEL analysis of the Animal Feed Additives market. Moreover, the report includes significant chapters such as Patent Analysis, Regulatory Framework, Technology Roadmap, BCG Matrix, Heat Map Analysis, Price Trend Analysis, and Investment Analysis which help to understand the market direction and movement in the current and upcoming years. The report is designed to help readers find information and make decisions that will help them grow their businesses. The study is written with a specific goal in mind: to give business insights and consultancy to help customers make smart business decisions and achieve long-term success in their particular market areas.

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Segmentation of Animal Feed Additives Market:

By Type

Amino Acids

Antibiotics

Feed Enzymes

Feed Acidifiers

Vitamins

Others

By Form

Dry

Liquid

By Source

Synthetic

Natural

By Livestock

Ruminant

Swine

Poultry

Aquaculture

Others

An in-depth study of the Animal Feed Additives industry for the years 2023–2030 is provided in the latest research. North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, the Middle East, and Africa are only some of the regions included in the report's segmented and regional analyses. The research also includes key insights including market trends and potential opportunities based on these major insights. All these quantitative data, such as market size and revenue forecasts, and qualitative data, such as customers' values, needs, and buying inclinations, are integral parts of any thorough market analysis.

Market Segment by Regions: -

North America (US, Canada, Mexico)

Eastern Europe (Bulgaria, The Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Rest of Eastern Europe)

Western Europe (Germany, UK, France, Netherlands, Italy, Russia, Spain, Rest of Western Europe)

Asia Pacific (China, India, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam, The Philippines, Australia, New Zealand, Rest of APAC)

Middle East & Africa (Turkey, Bahrain, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, UAE, Israel, South Africa)

South America (Brazil, Argentina, Rest of SA)

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Access a detailed breakdown of the Animal Feed Additives Market Growth 2023-2030 market worldwide, including product variations, use cases, technologies, and final consumers. Allocate resources effectively by anticipating demand patterns for emerging products. Stay ahead in product development by understanding market dynamics and consumer preferences.

3. Strategic Planning for Sales Managers and Market Stakeholders:

Utilize market breakdowns to target specific segments, optimizing sales strategies. Address challenges and capitalize on expansion opportunities highlighted in the report. Mitigate threats effectively with a comprehensive understanding of market risks.

4. Comprehensive Understanding for Executives:

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Obtain a detailed analysis of competitors and their key tactics in the Animal Feed Additives Market Growth 2023-2030. Plan market positioning based on a comprehensive understanding of the competitive landscape. Stay ahead by learning from competitors’ strengths and weaknesses.

6. Accurate Business Forecasting:

Evaluate the accuracy of global Animal Feed Additives Market Growth 2023-2030 business forecasts across regions, major countries, and top enterprises. Make data-driven decisions with confidence, minimizing risks associated with inaccurate forecasts. Stay ahead of industry trends by aligning business strategies with reliable forecasts.

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[vijaypalsingh78]

Certified Monkey Removal Specialists: Ensuring Safe and Effective Primate Control

In both urban and rural areas, encounters with wildlife are not uncommon. However, when it comes to monkeys, these encounters can quickly escalate from fascinating to troublesome. Monkeys are intelligent creatures known for their mischief and adaptability, often causing damage to property, raiding crops, and posing risks to human health and safety. When faced with monkey infestations or nuisance behavior, it's essential to seek the assistance of certified monkey removal specialists. These professionals possess the expertise and skills necessary to handle monkey-related issues safely and effectively.

Certified monkey removal specialists are trained professionals equipped with the knowledge and tools to address various aspects of primate control. From assessing the situation to implementing humane removal techniques and providing preventive measures, their services cover a wide range of needs aimed at mitigating conflicts between humans and monkeys.

One of the primary roles of certified monkey removal specialists is to conduct thorough assessments of the affected area. This involves identifying the species of monkeys involved, assessing the extent of the infestation, and determining the factors contributing to their presence. By understanding the behavior and habitat preferences of the monkeys, specialists can develop tailored strategies for their removal and long-term management.

When it comes to removing monkeys from residential or commercial properties, certified specialists prioritize humane methods that minimize stress and harm to the animals. These methods may include live trapping, where monkeys are safely captured and relocated to suitable habitats away from human settlements. Additionally, specialists may employ deterrents such as sound devices or visual barriers to discourage monkeys from returning to the area.

In situations where monkeys pose immediate threats to human safety or property, certified removal specialists are trained to handle emergency interventions. Whether it's securing vulnerable entry points, removing aggressive individuals, or addressing health hazards associated with monkey presence, these professionals are equipped to respond promptly and effectively.

Moreover, certified monkey removal specialists play a crucial role in educating property owners and the public about coexisting with wildlife responsibly. Through outreach programs and informational materials, they raise awareness about the importance of preventing conflicts with monkeys through proper waste management, securing food sources, and avoiding feeding wildlife. By promoting coexistence practices, specialists help foster harmonious relationships between humans and monkeys while minimizing the need for intervention.

One of the distinguishing features of certified monkey removal specialists is their adherence to industry standards and regulations governing wildlife management. These professionals undergo rigorous training and certification processes to ensure that their practices align with ethical and legal guidelines. By staying abreast of the latest advancements in primate control techniques and regulations, they uphold the highest standards of professionalism and accountability in their field.

In addition to their expertise in monkey removal, certified specialists offer comprehensive solutions for preventing future infestations. This may involve conducting habitat modifications, such as installing fencing or removing attractants, to make properties less hospitable to monkeys. By addressing underlying factors that contribute to monkey presence, specialists help property owners achieve long-term solutions to wildlife conflicts.

Furthermore, certified monkey removal specialists collaborate with local authorities, wildlife agencies, and conservation organizations to address broader issues related to primate management. Through partnerships and coordinated efforts, they contribute to the development of sustainable strategies for conserving wildlife habitats and mitigating human-wildlife conflicts.

In conclusion, certified monkey removal specialists play a vital role in addressing the challenges posed by monkey infestations and nuisance behavior. Their expertise, professionalism, and commitment to humane wildlife management ensure that conflicts between humans and monkeys are resolved safely and effectively. By seeking the assistance of certified specialists, property owners can mitigate the risks associated with monkey presence and promote peaceful coexistence with these fascinating creatures.

[veganmabelpines]

You may have heard or experienced one specific difficulty with trying a plant-based diet: money. Fresh produce is expensive, and inaccessible to many, and that is not how a just and kind world should be. Why are factory-farmed animal products so much easier and cheaper to get? Why is Healthy Food So Expensive In America?

Excerpts:

"In the US, 10 times more farmland goes to feed farm animals than to feed people, destroying ecosystems and biodiversity, while wasting water and other increasingly scarce resources."

"News reports recently covered western states vying for a dwindling supply of Colorado River water. Still, they failed to adequately address that the river’s water is running out because most of it is used to grow crops to support animal agriculture. Bottom line: plant-based agriculture can feed more people with less land, less water, and fewer resources."

"One of the most entrenched lobbies in Washington, D.C., is the dairy industry, which receives government support to produce more cows’ milk than we consume. Besides funding overproduction, the USDA uses additional tax dollars to purchase and market the glut of dairy products to our school children and through exports. One 2015 study found an astounding 73% of the U.S. dairy industry’s income came from government programs. Dairy industry interests are so embedded that before his appointment as the USDA Secretary by President Biden, Tom Vilsack was the CEO of the U.S. Dairy Export Council."

[earaercircular]

Researchers: 'First genetically engineered bacterium that eats plastic from seawater'

Researchers have found a way to genetically engineer a marine microorganism, allowing it to break down plastic in saltwater. Is this the solution to the plastic problem?

A group of scientists from the University of North Carolina worked with two types of bacteria: Vibrio natriegens[1] and Ideonella sakaiensis[2]. The former thrives in saltwater and reproduces quickly. The second bacterium is remarkable because it produces enzymes that can break down and eat polyethylene terephthalate – better known as PET.

Combine bacteria

By combining the two bacteria, the researchers were able to combine fast reproduction and saltwater ability with the property of the plastic-eating enzyme. The genetically engineered bacterium can break down PET in a saltwater environment at room temperature.

And that is a breakthrough, the researchers say. “It is scientifically exciting because this is the first time anyone has managed to combine cells from the  Vibrio natriegens with those of Ideonella sakaiensis,” said Nathan Crook, co-author of the study. [3]

Economically achieveable

“From a practical point of view, this is also the first genetically engineered organism capable of degrading PET microplastics in saltwater,” said Tianyu Li, first author of the paper. “That is important because it is not economically feasible to remove plastic from the ocean.” The salt must first be removed from the water before the plastic can be filtered out on an industrial scale.

Obstacles

Although this is an important step for the researchers, there are still obstacles before the research can be further scaled up. For example, the modified bacteria must be further modified so that it can also feed on other products besides plastic. In addition, according to the researchers, it would be even more beneficial if the bacteria produced a useful raw material from the eaten plastic.

The researchers would like to talk to companies from the industry. “For example, which molecules are desirable for industry?” Crook asks. Once they know this, the researchers can focus specifically on whether they can modify the bacterium in such a way that it can produce that molecule.

Limit on plastic production

Plastic-eating bacteria are not new[4]. In recent years, scientists have increasingly discovered animals with a hunger for plastic.[5] For example, German scientists found an enzyme in a cemetery compost heap that can break down plastic[6], and AI helped researchers[7] build the ultimate plastic-eating bacteria. All those plastic-eating organisms may help solve plastic pollution, but the best solution is still a limit on plastic production, researchers wrote in an open letter.[8]

Source

Romy de Weert, Onderzoekers: 'Eerste genetisch gemanipuleerde bacterie die plastic uit zeewater eet', in: Change Inc, 18-09-2023, https://www.change.inc/circulaire-economie/onderzoekers-eerste-genetisch-gemanipuleerde-bacterie-die-plastic-uit-zeewater-eet-40407

[1] Vibrio natriegens is a Gram-negative marine bacterium.[3][5] It was first isolated from salt marsh mud. It is a salt-loving organism (halophile) requiring about 2% NaCl for growth. It reacts well to the presence of sodium ions which appear to stimulate growth in Vibrio species, to stabilise the cell membrane, and to affect sodium-dependent transport and mobility. Under optimum conditions, and all nutrients provided, the doubling time of V. natriegens can be less than 10 minutes. V. natriegens is able to successfully live and rapidly divide in its coastal areas due its large range of metabolic fuel. Recent research has displayed that Vibrio natriegens has a flexible metabolism, which allows it to consume a large variety of carbon substrates, reduce nitrates, and even fix nitrogen from the atmosphere under nitrogen-limiting and anaerobic conditions.[6] In the laboratory, the growth medium can be easily changed, thus affecting the growth rate of a culture.[7][8] V. natriegens is commonly found in estuarine mud. S.I. Paul et al. (2021)[5] isolated and identified many strains of Vibrio natriegens from marine sponges of the Saint Martin's Island Area of the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh.

[2] Ideonella sakaiensis is a bacterium from the genus Ideonella and family Comamonadaceae capable of breaking down and consuming the plastic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) using it as both a carbon and energy source. The bacterium was originally isolated from a sediment sample taken outside of a plastic bottle recycling facility in Sakai City, Japan.

[3] Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is a highly recyclable plastic that has been extensively used and manufactured. Like other plastics, PET resists natural degradation, thus accumulating in the environment. Several recycling strategies have been applied to PET, but these tend to result in downcycled products that eventually end up in landfills. This accumulation of landfilled PET waste contributes to the formation of microplastics, which pose a serious threat to marine life and ecosystems, and potentially to human health. To address this issue, our project leveraged synthetic biology to develop a whole-cell biocatalyst capable of depolymerizing PET in seawater environments by using the fast-growing, nonpathogenic, moderate halophile Vibrio natriegens. By leveraging a two-enzyme system—comprising a chimera of IsPETase and IsMHETase from Ideonella sakaiensis—displayed on V. natriegens, we constructed whole-cell catalysts that depolymerize PET and convert it into its monomers in salt-containing media and at a temperature of 30°C. https://aiche.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/aic.18228?_ga=2.34308516.464140274.1695118704-1472931476.1658240840

[4] Read also: https://www.tumblr.com/earaercircular/707410638839971840/this-bacteria-likes-plastic-but-not-plastic-soup?source=share & https://www.tumblr.com/earaercircular/710350099144949760/these-green-start-ups-indicate-the-way-to-a?source=share

[5] We are still pumping more and more plastic waste into the world. Only a small part is recycled, while the majority ends up in the garbage heap. But there is hope. Science is increasingly discovering animals with plastic cravings. Five examples of creatures with a tasty appetite for plastic.https://www.change.inc/circulaire-economie/plastic-recyclen-2-0-vijf-diertjes-met-een-honger-naar-kunststof-38551

[6]German researchers found an enzyme in a cemetery compost heap that can break down plastic. The enzyme dissolves a plastic grape container within sixteen hours until a watery substance remains. That substance can be used to make new plastic. https://www.change.inc/circulaire-economie/doorbraak-enzym-eet-binnen-16-uur-plastic-op-38376

[7] Artificial intelligence helped researchers build the ultimate plastic-eating bacteria. By improving the molecular structure of the plastic-digesting enzyme via the computer, there is now a version that eats plastic in one day at low temperatures.https://www.change.inc/circulaire-economie/ai-maakt-enzym-dat-in-24-uur-plastic-opeet-38180

[8] Scientists around the world warn in a letter that there must be a limit on plastic production. According to the researchers, an upper limit is the only solution to stop the growing threat of plastic waste to the environment and ourselves. https://www.change.inc/circulaire-economie/wetenschappers-waarschuwen-limiet-op-plasticproductie-is-enige-redmiddel-38186