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[superbmaterials]

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[mindblowingscience]

Scientists in China have unearthed a never-before-seen type of ore that contains a rare earth element sought after for its superconductive properties.  The ore, dubbed niobobaotite, is made of niobium, barium, titanium, iron and chloride, the South China Morning Post reported.  It's the niobium that is causing excitement: This light-gray metal is currently used mostly in the production of steel, which it strengthens without adding significant weight. Niobium is also used in making other alloys (materials made of mixes of metals) and can be found in particle accelerators and other advanced scientific equipment because it is a superconductor at low temperatures, according to the Royal Society of Chemistry. The deposit was found in the Bayan Obo ore deposit in the city of Baotou in Inner Mongolia on Oct. 3. The brownish-black ore is the 17th new type found in the deposit and one of 150 new minerals found in the region, according to the China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC).

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[wuxiaphoenix]

Worldbuilding: This is a Drill

Never underestimate “old”. Some things are old for a very good reason. They work.

Horseshoe crabs have lived visibly unchanged for over 300 million years. Sharks are an age-old “fish predator” shape. Books have reliably kept and passed down information for over a millennium; we’re still investigating remedies in Bald’s Leechbook.

One of the oldest complex tools we have is the drill. What’s interesting about that is that we’re not sure which function of it as a tool came first. Humans being humans, odds are we did both at once.

The best-known modern function is that of creating a hole through, or partly through, another object. What we do with the hole afterward is up to your imagination. Stringing neat things as jewelry goes back as long as Homo has been sapiens; likely longer, check what anthropologists have dug up lately. Fastening things together, drilling out things we don’t want (knots in wood, bad teeth, etc.) or just putting holes in things for the heck of it are all common uses.

(Never underestimate the human ability to do things Because. We poke things. It’s a species thing.)

But when we drill things, we also create friction. Modern drills employ several methods to try and reduce it, everything from lubricants to timed bursts to heat-resistant gold oxide drill alloys. If all we want is a hole, generally we want as little heat to damage the material as possible.

In some ancient tools, though, making heat was the entire point. I’m talking about the original fire drill.

Now, when it comes to making fire, I am firmly in Camp Matches. I’ve also worked around Bunsen burners enough that I’m okay with flint and steel. But we’ve only had steel for, oh, say around 2500 years, plus or minus depending on where you were on the planet. Matches have only been around a few centuries. And if you’re really in dire straits - cast up on a deserted island formed from a coral atoll, or something - you might not even have flint.

In which case you’d better have ingenuity and patience. Given a bit of materials and time, you can drill fire into existence.

Note, have absolutely all your fire materials and very fine tinder set up in advance, and protect everything from the wind as much as possible. It’s going to take a long time, you’ll only get one ember at a time, and it’ll be a cold night sleeping if you miss.

So. Have everything you can think of set up, sit down, and drill. Be prepared for hours of pulling your bit back and forth.

No, longer than that.

Longer.

Eventually, it works. And if you get it to work once you will understand why ancient hunter-gatherers would set up fire-pouches and horns to carry a hot ember with them at all times. Because augh.

So. That’s a drill. And it will almost definitely be useful in your world, for one reason or another.

Fun fact: one of the first human uses of diamonds was industrial, diamond-tipped drills to make fine holes in pearls! They were imported from India to drill pearls in China in the Yuan Dynasty. Cool!

[theseventhoffrostfall]

relative to your javelin/plumbata post, Tod Todeschi or some other Pollack last name does do a lot of experimental archaeology type videos where he tests stuff like that. Results vary but I respect he will actually try stuff out.

But I am autistically into old smelting and bronze/iron age stuff as well and I think there's a lot of potential on how many things we take for granted now as commonplace used to be extremely limited. Certain foundries and smelters, even if privately owned, would be borderline national secrets/treasures because they could consistently produce good quality metals or knew HOW to build them right. On par with monks sneaking silkworms out of china. We have accounts of Vikings making it as far as Afghanistan specifically to find burial mounds for Indo Persian wootz blades.

The Hittites were pretty good at early Ironworking for example and well-made bronze is probably better than iron except bronze is an alloy and iron can be refined much easier. I know the French weirdly kept refining brass and ARCO brass/other types in the 19th century and while not the same strength as steel the way the US and Brits innovated, French Brass was stronger than anyone else's.

Fuck I mean IIRC the Chinese spent centuries in West/Central asia like the Stans trying to learn how to breed better warhorses because old horses used to be a lot smaller and things like chariots were how you utilized horses in war instead of individually.

There's so much cool shit you can do just around the idea of foundries and smelting and it's not even been 200 years since we really figured out steel and even the 1990s saw a huge increase along with aluminum technology. Even the first Conan movie kinda touched on this with how rare materials were relatively speaking. I'd love to see a period or fantasy related story that deals with a lot of intrigue and logistical concerns like that. A warlord fighting a grueling campaign that makes no sense tactically but it's because he wants to capture a series of foundries that utilize some mythical pass high in the mountains for their bellows, or specifically daming part of a river to create a faster pressure current for a downward falling water wheel for the actual forging.

Prior to modern technologies, making steel was a literal pain in the ass and insanely wasteful. Closest analogy I can think of is raising an entire cow from birth, killing it, and only taking 1 cut of meat from the carcass and leaving the rest. You didnt "make" steel, you made this disgusting lump of iron and carbon as homogeneous as you could and prayed to God that at the center was a nice good hunk of steel you could then forge into an ingot.

Also FWIW it's less that the javelins were designed to break and bend IMO and simply that its a possibility especially in an actual battle. Oakeshott talks about Celtic leaf bladed swords and the front ranks retiring to the rear to bend kinks out of them. I'd say it's less about iron vs steel and more about heat treat and fucking NO ONE figured out actual mathematical heat treat shit until very recently. Toledo made swords (also known as a specific pattern of blade kind of like a thrusting claymore) are famous for having very rigid blades at their base but very flexible and springy at the tips. In the era where heat treat was more like a cooking recipe or an AdMech ritual than hard scientific fact, being able to CONSISTENTLY produce good heat treated blades was a huge sign of quality. Sorry for the autism but I love metallurgical history.

Nah, you're good, big dog. Most of the concepts are familiar to me, but they're good for bringing to the general discussion table without, you know, me having to type all of that out.

But yeah, the main crux of my argument is based on a few things you mentioned. You, as far as I understand it, can't just go off and harden the average stuff you'd have gotten out of a mine in the Roman empire, even after being smelted. You need to tap the famous and rare(esque) deposits of The Good Shit and buy ingots and such from them. Like you said, on a gross scale they can tell by this point how the carbon-iron interaction is working, but they're much less familiar with, like, ingots from bumfuckulum are better than ingots from frottingshire because of the specific nickel and magnesium content or whatever.

And like you mentioned, being able to consistently produce heat-treated steel is a sign of quality, which means your smiths (Roman ordnance smithies-- insofar as any existed-- local dudes who live near the garrison, dude who follows around the army with his dinky forge setup) can't be average smiths, you can only hire big-dick smiths to do their fanciest work, which is pretty stupid to do for an item that, speaking from a soldier's perspective, is gonna handled roughly, barely maintained, and haphazardly reclaimed. Plus it's a long, narrow spike of metal in an army that used shortswords and small-segmented, scale and mail armor. This is like 1500 years before we're good enough at metallurgy to be making rapiers and suchlike, your javelins have a short service life anyway. Just doesn't make sense to go whole-ass on quality from a logistics point of view. It's just that "they were meant to bend in an enemy's shield" makes them sound cool and clever and you cool and clever for knowing that, whereas "they did it to save money and production time" just sounds boring and lame to Joe Average.

On a related topic to something you mentioned, it seems like the understanding is spreading that early iron was of moderate-at-best advantage against good quality bronze work, and lacks several very real advantages that bronze has. It just so happens that bronze leaves you utterly dependent on trade networks to source at least one of those high-demand metals that generally aren't found together, while iron you "just" source and smelt and work. I've seen more and more people suggesting what immediately occurred to me when I read this, which was that not being reliant on trade networks meant you could be a lot more aggressive with relative impunity, and this explains a lot of infamous Iron-age belligerence more than just "they were powerful and vengeful and had Super Swords"

[allthebrazilianpolitics]

U.S. election outcome critical for Brazilian steel exports

Depending on whether Kamala Harris or Donald Trump wins, steel industry could face heightened U.S. protectionism or a boost in infrastructure investment

The result of this Tuesday’s U.S. presidential election has significant potential to impact Brazil’s steel industry. Depending on whether Kamala Harris or Donald Trump prevails, the sector may either see a resurgence of American protectionism or increased infrastructure investments.

During Mr. Trump’s first term from 2017 to 2020, the U.S. raised import tariffs on steel to 25%, fulfilling his campaign promise to protect domestic industry.

President Joe Biden maintained these tariffs, mirroring a global trend among various countries reacting to China’s continual rise in steel exports. This year, Brazil implemented quotas on 11 steel products, with a 25% tariff kicking in once a certain import volume is exceeded.

In January, the U.S. lifted a 103.4% surtax that had been imposed since 1992 on Brazilian-made non-alloy welded steel tubes.

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[viratsteelspecial-blog]

Top 5 Steel Producing Countries in the world!

🌍 🏗️🔩 #SteelFacts by #ViratSepecialSteels

1️⃣ China: 76.1 Mt produced in November 2023, up by 0.4% from November 2022. 2️⃣ India: 11.7 Mt produced, showing an impressive increase of 11.4%. 3️⃣ Japan: Produced 7.1 Mt, with a slight decrease of 0.9%. 4️⃣ United States: Produced 6.6 Mt, marking a solid increase of 6.1%. 5️⃣ Russia: Estimated to have produced 6.4 Mt, up by a substantial 12.5%.

📊 South Korea, Germany, Türkiye, Brazil, and Iran also contribute significantly to global steel production. Let's keep an eye on these trends!

💡 Source: World Steel Association (#worldsteel) The World Steel Association is one of the largest and most dynamic industry associations in the world, with members in every major steel-producing country. worldsteel represents steel producers, national and regional steel industry associations, and steel research institutes. Members represent around 85% of global steel production.

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[nutechoverseas]

Barred Tee Buttweld Fitting Exporters in India

Nutech Overseas, should see the open method to present as a fundamental Stainless Steel Banned Tee Manufacturers in India. ASME B16.9 Banished Tee are stacked or open in the going with level of materials and sizes for the oil, gas, petrochemical and joined endeavors. Pipes & Tubes with Banned Tee can be collected and crushed with no issue. SS Banned Tee can be made or plate. Many Alloy Steel Buttweld Banned Tee Manufacturers in India produce these Carbon Steel Banished Tee from made materials and have machined surfaces. Consider our expense from Banned Tee manufacturers in India or China you will find best rate from our affiliation.

[theculturedmarxist]

“The war in Ukraine is also a battle for raw materials. The country has large deposits of iron, titanium and lithium, some of which are now controlled by Russia.” That’s what the federally owned German foreign trade agency Germany Trade and Invest (GTAI) reported on its website on January 16 under the title “Ukraine’s raw materials wealth at risk.”

There are trillions at stake. According to the GTAI, “raw material deposits worth $12.4 trillion” remain beyond the control of the Ukrainian army, “including 41 coal mines, 27 gas deposits, 9 oil fields and 6 iron ore deposits.” Ukraine has not only coal, gas, oil and wheat but also rare earths and metals—especially lithium, which has been called the “white gold” of the transition to new energy and transportation technologies. The country accounts for around one-third of Europe’s explored lithium deposits.

Only the ignorant could believe that this is irrelevant to NATO’s war aims. It would be the first major war in over 100 years that is not about mineral resources, markets and geostrategic interests. The World Socialist Web Site has pointed out in previous articles that deposits of critical raw materials in Russia and China, which are essential to the transition to electric mobility and renewable energy, are an important factor in the war calculus of NATO states.

Yet they go unmentioned in the media’s round-the-clock war propaganda. The media wish the public to believe that NATO is waging this war to defend “freedom” and “democracy”—and that after bombing Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya and Syria back into the Middle Ages under similar pretexts.

Relevant trade journals, industry magazines and think tanks, on the other hand, rave about Ukraine’s mineral wealth and discuss how best to capture it. It was to this end that German Economics Minister Robert Habeck (Green Party) even traveled to Ukraine at the beginning of April with a high-ranking business delegation.

According to the industry magazine Mining World, Ukraine has a total of around 20,000 raw material deposits, of which only 7,800 have been explored. Numerous other articles and strategy papers openly state that this is what the war is about.

On February 24, 2022, the day of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the largest German business magazine, Capital, published an article stating that “Europe’s supply of raw materials” was “threatened” by the Russian occupation of eastern Ukraine. Ukraine was not only “the leading grain exporter” but also the largest EU supplier of iron ore pellets and “a linchpin for Europe’s energy security.” Among investors, the magazine said, there is “concern that the war will cut off exports of key raw materials.”

The GTAI article cited earlier reports that European steel mills were sourcing nearly one-fifth of their iron ore pellets from Ukraine in 2021. GTAI goes on to write that Ukraine is among the top ten producers of iron ore, manganese, zirconium, and graphite, and is “among the world leaders in titanium and kaolin.” In addition to “untapped oil and gas fields,” Ukraine’s lithium and titanium deposits, in particular, hold “enormous potential” for the European economy. In 2020, production volumes amounted to 1,681,000 tons of kaolin, 537,000 tons of titanium, 699,000 tons of manganese and 49,274,000 tons of iron ore.

Lithium for electromobility and energy storage

The price of lithium has increased more than eightfold in the last decade and is the subject of intense speculation. The metal is of strategic importance to the major imperialist powers because it is used in lithium-ion batteries installed in electric vehicles and off-grid renewable energy sources, and is also needed for lightweight aluminum alloys in the aerospace industry.

The largest lithium deposit in Europe is located in the Donetsk Oblast in the middle of the embattled Donbas region, only kilometers from the front lines. An article in the Tagesspiegel, published two months after the Russian invasion, points to untapped lithium reserves of 500,000 tons in Shevchenko near Potrovsk and at least two other Ukrainian deposits.

Western companies and Ukrainian oligarchs were already fighting bitterly for control of this “white gold” before the war. As the Tagesspiegel reports, “Ukrainian businessmen” (who stood close to the Ukrainian government of the time under the oligarch Petro Poroshenko) with connections to Western mining companies obtained mining licenses, without a tender process, for the lithium deposit in Shevchenko as early as 2018.

The company in question, Petro Consulting—which was renamed “European Lithium Ukraine” shortly before the war began—is expected to be bought out by the Australian-European mining company European Lithium once its access to Ukraine’s lithium reserves is secured.

In 2018, when the Ukrainian Geological Survey refused to issue a “special permit” for Ukraine’s second largest lithium deposit at Dobra, likewise bypassing the tender process, Petro Consulting went so far as to sue the agency. After the Ukrainian Procurator General’s Office eventually launched an investigation into the allegedly illegal special permits, Petro-Consulting had its Shevchenko mining license revoked by the courts in April 2020 until further notice.

However, a spokesman for European Lithium told Der Tagesspiegel that the company bears “no risk in connection with the Ukrainian deposits.” He expressed confidence that the projects would be “made production-ready” after the end of the war.

Titanium for the Western arms industry

In a September 2022 article titled “Ukraine’s Titanium Can Armor the West,” the transatlantic think tank Center for European Policy Analysis (CEPA) wrote: “Support for Ukraine has been driven by strategic concerns and moral-political values. But long-term Western help should also be based on solid material interests.”

“Ukraine’s substantial titanium deposits” are “a key resource critical to the West” because the metal is “integral to many defense systems,” such as aircraft components and missiles. Currently, the raw material for Airbus, Boeing and Co. is extracted “in an expensive and time-consuming six-step process” from titanium ore, which until then had been sourced to a considerable extent from Russia. This “dependence” on “strategic competitors and adversaries” is unacceptable from the West’s point of view and can be ended with the help of Ukrainian resources:

For example, Dnipro-based Velta, the largest private exporter of raw titanium in Europe, has developed a new production system that bypasses the intensive process of producing titanium sponge and could supply the US and European defense and aerospace industries with finished metal. Given there are only five countries in the world actively producing titanium sponge —China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Japan and Ukraine — Velta’s technology could be a game changer for the supply chain by cutting reliance on Russia and China.

CEPA is funded by US and European defense contractors and lists as members of its “scientific advisory board” Donald Trump’s National Security Advisor General H. R. McMaster, former German Defense Minister Annegret Kramp-Karrenbauer, former Swedish Prime Minister Carl Bildt and publicists Anne Applebaum, Francis Fukuyama, and Timothy Garton Ash among others.

The CEPA article continues, “Reorienting titanium contracts to Ukraine would stimulate the country’s economy, even during wartime, not to mention during postwar reconstruction, and simultaneously strike another blow at Russia’s war machine.” The goal, it states, should be “cementing Ukraine’s integration into Europe.”

A January 28, 2023 report in Newsweek reports, “there is a nascent effort underway in the U.S. and allied nations to identify, develop, and utilize Ukraine’s vast resources of a key metal crucial for the development of the West’s most advanced military technology which will form the backbone of future deterrence against Russia and China.” The report adds, “If Ukraine wins, the U.S. and its allies will be in sole position to cultivate a new conduit of titanium.”

“Strategic raw materials partnership” between EU and Ukraine

The US and EU efforts to plunder Ukraine’s lithium and titanium deposits are part of the broader goal of tying Ukraine to the West as a strategic raw materials supplier. In particular, the EU is seeking to free itself from dependence on China—currently its most important raw materials supplier—against which the imperialist powers, especially the United States, are preparing to wage war.

On July 13, 2021, Ukrainian Prime Minister Denys Shmyhal and Maroš Šefčovič, Vice President of the European Commission, signed a “Strategic Partnership on Raw Materials and Batteries” in Kiev to “integrate critical raw materials and battery value chains.” Ukraine’s inclusion in the European Raw Materials Alliance (ERMA) and the European Battery Alliance (EBA) serves to “bolster Europe’s resilience and open strategic autonomy in key technologies,” the EU Commission said.

Referring to the list of critical raw materials in the EU’s associated “action plan,” Šefčovič told the press, “21 of these critical raw materials are in Ukraine, which is also extracting 117 out of 120 globally used minerals.” He added: “We’re talking about lithium, cobalt, manganese, rare earths—all of them are in Ukraine.”

Following the signing, EU Internal Market Commissioner Thierry Breton, who is also responsible for the defense and space industries of EU countries, praised the “high potential of the critical raw material reserves in Ukraine” that could help in “addressing some of the strategic dependencies [of the EU].”

Speaking at Raw Materials Week in Brussels in November 2022, Prime Minister Shmyhal stressed that Ukraine is “among the top ten producers of titanium, iron ore, kaolin, manganese, zirconium and graphite” and renewed his pledge to make the country an “integral part of industrial supply chains in the EU.”

The EU’s “strategic dependencies” are by no means limited to Russia or China and certainly not to Ukraine. A global race for strategic sources of raw materials has long since begun, in the course of which the US and the leading EU powers are attempting to divide among themselves the mineral resources and other resources of the “weaker” states. Although they are jointly waging war against Russia in Ukraine, this inevitably exacerbates conflicts between themselves as well.

The escalation of the war in Ukraine shows that the ruling elites are willing to go to extremes to enforce their profit interests. Only the working class can put an end to permanent war and the prospect of devastating nuclear war by bringing the resources of the entire planet under its democratic control on the basis of a socialist program and holding war profiteers to account.

[standardtitaniumu]

Titanium Metal - Qualities As Well As Uses

Pure titanium is a light-weight, tough, silvery-white, shiny metal. It has unique strength as well as deterioration resistance homes and also a high stamina to weight proportion.

 The name Titanium itself is stemmed from the name of God of planet 'Titan" in Greek folklore. The name implies stamina.

 Titanium is a chemical element with the sign Ti. It has an atomic number of 22, inhabits team 4, duration 4, and also block d in the periodic table and is classified as a transition steel.

 Titanium is the 9th most abundant element in the Planet's crust but is by no means discovered it its pure kind. Its major minerals are anatase, brookite, ilmenite, perovskite, rutile, titanite, too lots of iron ores. Rutile as well as ilmenite are its economically important minerals.

 Considerable deposits of ilmenite are found in Western Australia, Canada, China, India, Mozambique, New Zealand, Norway, as well as Ukraine. Substantial amounts of rutile are mined in The United States and Canada and South Africa.

Titanium Tube

 One of the most considerable residential properties of Titanium are its strength, its resistance to rust as well as it stamina to weight proportion.

 Titanium is 45% lighter than steel but it is just as strong. It is only 60% heavier than aluminium but is 100% more powerful.

 Titanium is basically as immune to rust as platinum, and can holding up against acids, salt services, as well as also the extremely destructive chlorine gas.

 The humane blend of light weight as well as wonderful stamina in addition to its resistance to rust and also warmth makes it ideal for airplane, spacecrafts projectiles and so on. In sports it is used for making light as well as solid noises, bicycle frameworks, golf clubs etc. Titanium likewise discovers use in making eyewear structures, light-weight laptops, bone and oral implants in medicine.

 Titanium vanadium alloys are extensively made use of in aviation in the manufacture of landing gear, hydraulic tubing, fire walls, etc.

 Yet probably the really business and also mass intake oriented use of titanium began with the crafting of titanium jewelry as well as today Titanium precious jewelry industry is amongst the fastest growing market sector in fashion jewelry industries.

 Titanium is honored with almost all the high qualities important to become an appropriate medium for crafting precious jewelry. It is solid and long lasting, it is immune to rust, and it is hypoallergenic significance that it does not established off allergies with the skin.

 A gorgeous, putty-grey shade differentiates titanium from the silver, gold as well as platinum used in jewelry. With different types of gloss it can be given either a matte or a glossy coating.

Titanium Sheet

 The setting of Titanium in the periodic table (team 4, period 4, and also block d) identifies it as a change metal. Among the common residential or commercial properties shared by all change steels is that they are able to develop colored substances primarily by anodizing. The process entails producing oxide layers of different density and refractive residential properties on the steel surface. This characteristic is used for crafting titanium precious jewelry in practically every shade of the rainbow.

 Titanium is utilized for crafting precious jewelry items like jewelry, pendants, bracelets, rings, wedding bands, money clips and so on.

 The metal is frequently viewed as an icon of toughness as well as indestructibility and also this has made titanium wedding bands a preferred option for pairs that desire their marriages to continue to be as strong as well as indestructible.

 There is a particular magical top quality concerning titanium as well as it seems specifically appropriate that titanium (before it was so named) was found by a male of God-Reverend William Gregor-in Cornwall, England, back in 1790. It is likewise proper that 5 years later the metal was in fact called titanium, after the Titans, the Greek gods of planet by the German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth.

[tritonmarketresearch]

Aluminum Market: Products, Applications & Beyond

Aluminum is a versatile element with several beneficial properties, such as a high strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, recyclability, electrical & thermal conductivity, longer lifecycle, and non-toxic nature. As a result, it witnesses high demand from industries like automotive & transportation, electronics, building & construction, foil & packaging, and others. The high applicability of the metal is expected to drive the global aluminum market at a CAGR of 5.24% in the forecast period from 2023 to 2030.

Aluminum – Mining Into Key Products:

Triton Market Research’s report covers bauxite, alumina, primary aluminum, and other products as part of its segment analysis.

Bauxite is anticipated to grow with a CAGR of 5.67% in the product segment over the forecast years.

Bauxite is the primary ore of aluminum. It is a sedimentary rock composed of aluminum-bearing minerals, and is usually mined by surface mining techniques. It is found in several locations across the world, including India, Brazil, Australia, Russia, and China, among others. Australia is the world’s largest bauxite-producing nation, with a production value of over 100 million metric tons in 2022.

Moreover, leading market players Rio Tinto and Alcoa Corporation operate their bauxite mines in the country. These factors are expected to propel Australia’s growth in the Asia-Pacific aluminum market, with an anticipated CAGR of 4.38% over the projected period.

Alumina is expected to grow with a CAGR of 5.42% in the product segment during 2023-2030.

Alumina or aluminum oxide is obtained by chemically processing the bauxite ore using the Bayer process. It possesses excellent dielectric properties, high stiffness & strength, thermal conductivity, wear resistance, and other such favorable characteristics, making it a preferable material for a range of applications.

Hydrolysis of aluminum oxide results in the production of high-purity alumina, a uniform fine powder characterized by a minimum purity level of 99.99%. Its chemical stability, low-temperature sensitivity, and high electrical insulation make HPA an ideal choice for manufacturing LED lights and electric vehicles. The growth of these industries is expected to contribute to the progress of the global HPA market.

EVs Spike Sustainability Trend

As per the estimates from the International Energy Agency, nearly 2 million electric vehicles were sold globally in the first quarter of 2022, with a whopping 75% increase from the preceding year. Aluminum has emerged as the preferred choice for auto manufacturers in this new era of electromobility. Automotive & transportation leads the industry vertical segment in the studied market, garnering $40792.89 million in 2022.

In May 2021, RusAl collaborated with leading rolled aluminum products manufacturer Gränges AB to develop alloys for automotive applications. Automakers are increasingly substituting stainless steel with aluminum in their products owing to the latter’s low weight, higher impact absorption capacity, and better driving range.  

Also, electric vehicles have a considerably lower carbon footprint compared to their traditional counterparts. With the growing need for lowering emissions and raising awareness of energy conservation, governments worldwide are encouraging the use of EVs, which is expected to propel the demand for aluminum over the forecast period.

The Netherlands is one of the leading countries in Europe in terms of EV adoption. The Dutch government has set an ambitious goal that only zero-emission passenger cars (such as battery-operated EVs, hydrogen FCEVs, and plug-in hybrid EVs) will be sold in the nation by 2030. Further, according to the Canadian government, the country’s aluminum producers have some of the lowest CO2 footprints in the world.

Alcoa Corporation and Rio Tinto partnered to form ELYSIS, headquartered in Montréal, Canada. In 2021, it successfully produced carbon-free aluminum at its Industrial Research and Development Center in Saguenay. The company is heralding the beginning of a new era for the global aluminum market with its ELYSIS™ technology, which eliminates all direct GHG emissions from the smelting process, and is the first technology ever to emit oxygen as a byproduct.

Wrapping Up

Aluminum is among the most widely used metals in the world today, and is anticipated to underpin the global transition to a low-carbon economy. Moreover, it is 100% recyclable and can retain its properties & quality post the recycling process.

Reprocessing the metal is a more energy-efficient option compared to extracting the element from an ore, causing less environmental damage. As a result, the demand for aluminum in the sustainable energy sector has thus increased. The efforts to combat climate change are thus expected to bolster the aluminum market’s growth over the forecast period.

[yiruimetalmg]

MG METAL & MAGNESIUM ALLOY IN AIRCRAFT: LIGHTWEIGHT SOLUTION

The aviation industry has seen remarkable advancements in aircraft design and materials, and one material that has gained significant attention is magnesium. Magnesium and its alloys have been widely used in aerospace applications due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and excellent corrosion resistance. We will discuss the use of magnesium alloys and magnesium metal in aircraft and why China magnesium manufacturers are a great option for aircraft builders.

Magnesium Alloy in Aircraft

Magnesium alloys are commonly used in aircraft because of their lightweight and high specific strength. They have a density of approximately 1.8g/cm³, which is much lower than traditional materials such as aluminum, steel, and titanium. Magnesium alloys offer excellent strength-to-weight ratios, making them ideal for aircraft parts that require high strength and durability while maintaining a low weight.

Aircraft parts that commonly use magnesium alloys include landing gear, wheels, and interior components. For example, the Boeing 787 Dreamliner uses magnesium alloys extensively in the landing gear, reducing the weight of the aircraft and improving fuel efficiency.

Magnesium Metal in Aircraft

In addition to magnesium metal alloy, magnesium metal is also used in aircraft. Magnesium metal has a density of approximately 1.74g/cm³, which is even lower than magnesium alloys. It is used in aircraft for various applications, including aircraft seat frames, baggage compartments, and floor beams.

The use of magnesium metal in aircraft requires proper design, manufacturing, and handling processes to ensure its safety. Magnesium is highly flammable and can ignite at high temperatures, making it critical to handle and use with care. However, with proper precautions, magnesium metal can be a safe and effective material for aircraft.

Why Choose a China Magnesium Manufacturer

China is a leading producer of magnesium and magnesium alloys, and China magnesium manufacturers are known for their high-quality products and competitive prices. China has a mature magnesium industry with advanced technology and manufacturing processes, making it an ideal option for aircraft builders.

China magnesium manufacturers have strict quality control systems to ensure that their products meet international standards. They have also implemented advanced technologies to improve the efficiency and quality of their manufacturing processes. Additionally, China magnesium manufacturers have the capability to produce magnesium products in large quantities, making them an ideal option for aircraft builders who require large volumes of magnesium materials.

Magnesium and its alloys are valuable materials for the aerospace industry, offering high strength and low weight characteristics. Magnesium alloys and magnesium metal have been widely used in various aircraft parts, including landing gear, wheels, and interior components. China magnesium manufacturers are an ideal option for aircraft builders, offering high-quality products at competitive prices. With proper design and handling, magnesium can be a safe and effective material for aircraft, contributing to improved fuel efficiency and reduced carbon emissions in the aviation industry.

[wuxiaphoenix]

Colors of Another Sky Worldbuilding: Flint vs. Match

Necessary caveat: Not a gun expert, nor do I play one on TV. I have almost no practical experience with firearms. (One day I want to have enough hobby money aside to visit a gun range and impose on them to show me All The Things.) I have, however, tried to get a handle on what kind of firearms were historically bouncing around Northeast Asia about 1550-1650. Most of those, even in European hands, would have been matchlocks.

There’s an account from Xu Guangqi (yes, that Xu Guangqi) in Ming China about 1605 of an arquebus that can “use stone to ignite fire”. There’s another mention in the official record of the Joseon dynasty that on the 12th of July, 1631 (the 9th year of King Injo), a magistrate sent a flintlock musket to the king as a potential trade item. This is the first known flintlock in Joseon. King Injo, worried about the Jurchen/Manchu threat, wanted to mass-produce flintlocks, but the court... resisted. As we now know, bad call.

So. Matchlock vs. flintlock. These terms don’t actually refer to specific types of guns. They refer to how the gun ignites and fires.

In brief: Gunpowder down the muzzle. Wadding and bullet down the muzzle. Gunpowder in the priming pan. Then, and only then, do they differ.

A matchlock has a burning slow match. (Yes, technical term.) A thick fuse you’ve already set alight, attached to the serpentine (looks like the hammer on a more modern gun). When you pull the trigger it slams the match into the pan, setting that ablaze, which puts fire through the touchhole, which sets off the main charge, which shoots the bullet.

A flintlock has gunflint. Pull the trigger, it slams the flint against the steel frizzen to make a spark. Ignition proceeds, boom.

So. Advantages versus disadvantages?

Overall and in the long run, a flintlock is advantageous. First, so long as you don’t bust up your gun, the flint’s not consumed by being used. Slow match is. Second, if rain or accident soaks your flint, you can dry it out and use it later. Slow match, not so much. Third, whenever the match slams into the pan, there’s a chance it’ll go out and you’ll need to relight it. Flint doesn’t have that problem. Fourth, with a flint there are no sparks until you fire. Meaning you can sneak up on an enemy position in low visibility without slow match blinking like a swarm of fireflies.

Less supplies needed, less chance of going wrong, more sneakiness potential. All of these mean that if you have a choice on the battlefield, take the flintlocks.

However. The main characters in Colors are not soldiers. They are monster hunters.

There are monsters against which mass artillery is your best bet. In which case they’re likely to commandeer the nearest hwacha. They are definitely not averse to guns, or the most modern tech they can get their hands on. Yet they’d hesitate to switch to flintlocks. Because flintlocks don’t have slow match.

This is where the magic aspect kicks in. Monsters (and cultivators) have weaknesses, effectively banes; things that really don’t agree with how their body runs and heals itself. Cultivator banes vary, and individuals generally find ways to work around them. Monster banes tend to be more predictable. Silver, hawthorn, cold iron, various purifying herbs and the like. Some of these can be added to ammo, but herbs make terrible alloys. Slow match, on the other hand, is made from vegetable fiber, usually cotton, soaked in a flammable solution. Herbs and hawthorn could be in that solution, or even woven in as part of the fiber itself. With the added benefit that if you have said match on you, burning or not, a vulnerable monster may hesitate to close in and shred you to pieces.

This also means if you know what you’re hunting, you can switch out your match for the best bane you’ve got. It complicates logistics but it can save a monster hunter’s life.

Likewise, think. If you’re hunting monsters at night, you run a very real risk of shooting your fellow hunters by accident. If everyone’s carrying burning match, you have a visual marker telling you don’t shoot.

There’s another more subtle magical aspect that can affect the battlefield. Skilled craftsmen cultivators can work an array into an object, to be set off under certain conditions. Smoke from your slow match might be part of said conditions. Although given the time and expertise needed, this would probably still be more specialty weapons for officers and sneaky troops.

If you’re wondering about flintlocks/matchlocks versus cultivators or other magic users? A bullet’s a bullet, dangerous to anyone, and an exploding iron shell is one of the known ways to kill a pesky enemy cultivator. (And anyone else standing in fifty-odd feet.) AKA while some cultivators can survive incredible injuries, even a stab to the heart, assume the Chunky Salsa Rule applies.

There are magical ways to defeat gunfire, most of which boil down to don’t get hit. Some cultivators can form elemental shields, stopping bullets with a sheer mass of water or stone. Some play tricks with gravity. Some can form portals that whip the bullet or shrapnel off Somewhere Else. But all of these depend on a cultivator knowing they’re about to get shot with enough time to react. Mind, they can react supernaturally fast, but....

(If you’re getting the idea that John Wick would be a very real threat to even a powerful cultivator - yes. Yes he would.)

Aaaand then there are demons.

The Chunky Salsa Rule does not apply to demons.

In this AU, one of the reasons the Ming Dynasty hasn’t been as grabby for northern territory as they were IRL is, there are demons there. Daehan, and their Demon-Callers, are a buffer between Ming and things you need a flamethrower to stop.

...Well, they haven’t been as grabby yet. The Ming are dealing with the Jesuits. They have access to gunflints.

Oh boy.

Shoutout to Kateriobrian; hope this is what you had in mind! ;)

[shrutijadhav2139]

Ferro Vanadium Market Insights: Emerging Trends and Strategic Analysis 2024-2032

The ferro vanadium market is experiencing dynamic growth, driven by rising demand for high-strength steel in industries such as automotive, construction, and energy. Ferro vanadium, a crucial alloy used to improve steel’s strength and durability, is increasingly sought after due to its vital role in enhancing the mechanical properties of steel. As industries evolve, the ferro vanadium market is witnessing several emerging trends and shifting dynamics that will shape its trajectory from 2024 to 2032.

Key Drivers of Market Growth

The growth of the ferro vanadium market can be primarily attributed to the rising demand for high-strength and low-alloy steel, which is used extensively in sectors like automotive, construction, and infrastructure. In particular, the automotive industry is shifting towards lightweight vehicles without compromising safety. High-strength steel alloys, which incorporate ferro vanadium, are essential for producing strong, durable car parts that also meet fuel efficiency standards. Additionally, the global construction boom, with a focus on durable, long-lasting materials for infrastructure development, is driving the demand for ferro vanadium.

Technological Advancements and Recycling Opportunities

Another notable trend in the ferro vanadium market is the increasing use of vanadium recycling technologies. Recycling vanadium from used steel reduces environmental impact and enhances supply chain sustainability. As the demand for ferro vanadium rises, recycling provides an alternative to traditional mining, helping to stabilize supply and mitigate price volatility. Advances in recycling technologies are expected to be a game-changer for the market, allowing for the more efficient extraction and utilization of vanadium from secondary sources.

Additionally, new production methods are emerging, which are aimed at reducing energy consumption and improving the overall efficiency of ferro vanadium manufacturing processes. These technological advancements will likely create opportunities for cost savings, making the market more competitive while also addressing environmental concerns.

Regional Dynamics and Market Segmentation

Geographically, the ferro vanadium market is witnessing growth in both developed and emerging economies. In particular, China and India, with their rapidly expanding manufacturing sectors, are expected to continue to be dominant players in the ferro vanadium market. China remains the largest consumer and producer of vanadium, contributing significantly to global supply. Meanwhile, emerging markets in Asia-Pacific and Latin America are seeing increased demand for high-strength steel, further driving market expansion.

In terms of market segmentation, the demand for ferro vanadium is expected to be highest in the production of high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steel, with significant contributions from industries such as automotive, construction, and energy. This trend aligns with the global push for more sustainable and durable materials in various industrial applications.

Challenges and Restraints

Despite the promising growth outlook, the ferro vanadium market faces several challenges. Price volatility remains one of the key restraints. The cost of raw vanadium can fluctuate due to factors such as changes in global supply and demand, geopolitical tensions, and mining disruptions. These fluctuations can affect the overall cost of ferro vanadium, making it a risk for manufacturers in terms of profitability.

Additionally, the environmental impact of ferro vanadium production is a growing concern. The production process is energy-intensive, and as global regulations around carbon emissions tighten, manufacturers may face pressure to adopt more sustainable practices. This could potentially raise production costs and affect market profitability.

Outlook for 2024-2032

Looking ahead, the ferro vanadium market is poised for steady growth from 2024 to 2032. The increasing demand for high-strength steel, combined with advances in recycling technologies and production methods, will drive market expansion. However, stakeholders will need to navigate challenges such as raw material price volatility and environmental regulations. By focusing on innovation, sustainability, and regional diversification, companies can position themselves to capitalize on the emerging trends shaping the ferro vanadium market in the coming years.

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[viratsteelspecial-blog]

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India replaced Japan as the world's second-largest steel producer in 2019. China is the largest steel producing country, accounting for more than 51% of total global output.

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[taizhoufengye]

Din 7986 Pan Philips Round Head Machine Screw

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