#alain corbin

[dipnotski]

Alain Corbin – Terra Incognita (2025)

Alain Corbin’in ‘Terra Incognita’ adlı eseri, 18. ve 19. yüzyıllarda insanların bilgi eksiklikleri ve yanlış inançları üzerine odaklanıyor. Yazar, bu dönemlerde dünyanın pek çok bilinmeyen köşesinin olduğu ve insanların bu bilinmeyenlere karşı duydukları merak ve korkunun nasıl şekillendiğini inceliyor. Corbin, o dönemde volkanlardan kutuplara, okyanusların derinliklerinden stratosfere kadar pek…

[anadelacalle]

Eco de un artículo de este blog por FRAGMENTA EDITORIAL. Gracias...

👉 @lacalle_ana cita 'Història del silenci', d'Alain Corbin, a "Silencio, ruido e identidad", al seu blog📒 Web del llibre: https://t.co/ddpGmWFT87https://t.co/e0cOnspaC0— Fragmenta Editorial (@FragmentaEd) December 27, 2023

[oacasodaspalavras]

Alain Corbin, História do Repouso, 2023 https://pt.frwiki.wiki/wiki/Alain_Corbin

[uselessmuseum]

Alain Corbin, History of rest, 2023

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain_Corbin

[celebclippinz]

Magazine clippings

[legallybrunettedotcom]

@pansy1993 tagged me to post 9 books I want to read next year! thank you! luv ur selection, putting the ones I haven't read on my tbr <3

tbh i judge a book by its cover and never read what they're about, these sounded and looked good so we shall see

chlorine by jade song

fruit of the dead by rachel lyon

certain american states by catherine lacey

ugliness: the non-beautiful in art and theory

death, hope and sex: steps to an evolutionary ecology of mind and morality by james s. chisholm

a history of silence: from the renaissance to the present day by alain corbin

mourning in the anthropocene: ecological grief and earthly coexistence by joshua trey barnett

frankenstein in baghdad by ahmed saadawi

guilty pleasures: feminist camp from mae west to madonna by pamela robertson

tagging @roadwhores @hauntedwoman @swaynovember @7bitter @srdcovka @homoerotisch

[transmutationisms]

so you got me interested in reading the history of shit but feel slightly intimidated as i have very little experience in european history and basically none in french history at all, and none for history of health/disease/etc. i was wondering if you have any recommendations for readings to get at least a basis in this so i can appreciate and understand the read more? what do i need to know going into it?

[yes sickos voice] so i actually think 'history of shit' is relatively friendly to those without a huge base of historical knowledge, if only because it's less grounded in actual historical analysis than in theoretical and conceptual work. you should be aware of the french 'mission civilisatrice' as a guiding principle of imperial and colonial expansion, and its importance in hygienic rhetoric and reform projects in the french colonies (eg, the hanoi rat massacre or attempts at scientised architectural reform in algeria or morocco). you should also know that paris in particular has a recent history of taking a special kind of pride in its sewer system (which, to be clear, did exist prior to the second empire [1851-1870] but was certainly greatly expanded during this period) and using the fact of having a sewer system as evidence of its great 'modernity', 'cleanliness', &c. but, i don't think you need to delve deep into historical texts prior to reading 'history of shit'; if anything, it might be more enjoyable to read laporte first (it's a funny book on purpose!) and then do any further historical research that piques your interest. 'history of shit' is working largely within a lacanian and freudian framework, though certainly also with an awareness of principles of marxist analysis; again, though, i don't think you need to be an expert in psychoanalysis to read this book. maybe skim a summary of freud's 'civilisation and its discontents' if you're feeling very shaky on this aspect.

if you do want to read further into french history on this topic, some first places to go would be donald reid's 'paris sewers and sewermen' (kind of the go-to historical monograph on the parisian sewer system) or alain corbin's 'the foul and the fragrant'. david barnes has also written some great papers on parisian sanitary engineering, including the 'great stinks', and public health. 'history of shit' also bears certain foucauldian fingerprints and has a lot of literary and cultural analysis; you might have fun following some of those references. i read it without having read most of the literary works cited and still found it very engaging.

[will-the-ghosts-go-away]

my Eglee reading stack (books with subject matter relevant to the backstory I’ve concocted for her)

The Pretty Women of Paris (Anonymous) The Second Sex (Simone de Beauvoir) Unruly Women of Paris: Images of the Commune (Gay L. Gullickson) The Painted Girls (Cathy Marie Buchanan) Women for Hire: Prostitution and Sexuality in France After 1850 (Alain Corbin) Paris: The Secret History (Andrew Hussey)

[thefisherqueen]

He is, I gather, a man of very virile and positive, one might almost say combative, character. 

I was curious about the history of the concept of male virility and found this New Yorker article, which is well worth a read.

"As the anthology’s editors see it, Europe reached peak virility in the nineteenth century. By then, the ideal of the virile man had become almost impossibly confusing. Men who could afford to spent as much time as possible in barracks-like spaces—“college, boarding school, seminary, the singing club cellar, the brothel, the guardroom, gun room, smoking room, various workshops, and cabarets and waiting rooms”��in an effort to maximize virility. At the same time, however, virility was felt as “a network of anxiety-producing injunctions, often contradictory, to which one must, in one way or another, give in.” In an essay on “the code of virility,” Alain Corbin provides a dispiritingly long list of the types of un-virile men:

"He who hesitates to get into the assault on the day of the battle; he who chooses to get a replacement because he has drawn a bad number in the draft lottery; he who was unable to save his comrade from life-threatening danger; he who does not have what it takes to be a hero; he who shows no ambition; he who remains indifferent to excelling or to the prestige of a medal of honor; he who ignores emulation because he does not seek superiority; he who has trouble keeping his emotions under control; he whose speech and writing style lack confidence; he who refuses women’s advances; he who performs coitus without ardor; he who refuses group debauchery—all these men lack virility even though their masculinity would not be challenged."

This Kafkaesque proliferation of crimes against virility is one reason why men stopped talking about it. And the authors in “A History of Virility” are not shy, either, about blaming the cult of virility for the disastrous conflicts of the twentieth century. Virility, the editors write, has long been “linked to death”; a prime way to prove one’s virility is through “heroic death on the battlefield.” After the First and Second World Wars, however, virility seemed not just undesirable but implausible. Death and shell shock among soldiers “undermine[d] the military-virile myth,” they write, and “place[d] masculine vulnerability at the heart of a caring culture.” At the same time, urban life styles and, above all, insurgent female power punctured the mythos of virilitas. In particular, advances in equality between the sexes intruded upon the male-only “scenes of collective virility” that had nurtured it. The sexist, élitist, and militaristic qualities of virility became increasingly unwelcome. By the mid-twentieth century, most people spoke about “masculinity” instead of “virility”—a sign, Corbin, Courtine, and Vigarello write, that something had “changed in the empire of the male.”

[de-gueules-au-lion-d-or]

Je fais partie de cette génération qui a vu disparaître une civilisation qui avait duré dix siècles, une autre vient que je ne verrai pas. Au détour de lectures, à la radio, je les reconnais, ceux qui comme moi, on entrevu cet ancien monde.

Ils peuvent être très différents : des écrivains comme Pierre Bergounioux, Pierre Jourde, Pierre Michon, Richard Millet Jean-loup Trassard, Jean Clair ou Marie Hélène Lafon, des historiens comme Alain Corbin, le chanteur Jean-louis Murat…Tous ont en commun cette conscience de l'irrémédiable disparition, qui fait parenté entre eux.

C'est la coupure historique entre l'homme et la terre, la disparition de la société agraire traditionnelle qui avait construit ce monde est pour nous comme le Cheshire cat, le chat d'Alice au pays des Merveilles, nous l'avons vu, mais il s'efface, nous en voyons encore le sourire là où beaucoup ne discernent plus rien. Comme Marie-Hélène Lafon, avec son Cantal, Bergounioux et sa Corrèze, Trassard en Mayenne, c’est à partir d’un  pays du Dauphiné, le mien depuis toujours, que je vais chercher: « Ce qu’il reste de nous », dans nos mille ans d’histoire.

C'est un petit bout de texte, que j'avais fait pour présenter "ce qu'il reste de nous" à mon éditeur...Jean-Louis Murat vient de tirer sa référence... je poste sa chanson un singe en hiver, sur l'Indochine, à la fin du clip il y a un soldat avec un singe sur l'épaule, cela pourrait être mon père qui était là-bas, il avait un singe aussi...

Jacques Terpant

[alexlacquemanne]

Mars MMXXV

Films

Le Dernier Samouraï (The Last Samurai) de Edward Zwick avec Tom Cruise, Ken Watanabe, Hiroyuki Sanada, Koyuki Katō, Masato Harada, Shichinosuke Nakamura et Timothy Spall

Impossible… pas français (1974) de et avec Robert Lamoureux et aussi Pierre Mondy, Jean Lefebvre, Pierre Tornade, Claire Maurier, Hubert Godon, France Dougnac, Michel Creton, Raphaël Delpard, Jacques Marin, Yves Vincent et Alix Mahieux

Vixen! (1968) de Russ Meyer avec Erica Gavin, Garth Pillsbury, Harrison Page, Jon Evans, Vincene Wallace, Robert Aiken et Michael Donovan O'Donnell

C'était un rendez-vous (1976) de et avec Claude Lelouch et aussi Gunilla Friden

Psych 2: Lassie Come Home (2020) de Steve Franks avec James Roday, Dulé Hill, Timothy Omundson, Maggie Lawson, Kirsten Nelson, Corbin Bernsen, Joel McHale, Kurt Fuller, Jazmyn Simon : Selene et Sarah Chalke

Mon oncle d'Amérique (1980) d'Alain Resnais avec Roger Pierre, Nicole Garcia, Gérard Depardieu, Pierre Arditi, Gérard Darrieu, Philippe Laudenbach, Marie Dubois, Henri Laborit, Nelly Borgeaud, Bernard Malaterre et Laurence Roy

La Légende de Bagger Vance (The Legend of Bagger Vance) (2000) de Robert Redford avec Will Smith, Matt Damon, Charlize Theron, Bruce McGill, Joel Gretsch, J. Michael Moncrief, Peter Gerety, Michael O'Neill et Jack Lemmon

La Scoumoune (1972) de José Giovanni avec Jean-Paul Belmondo, Claudia Cardinale, Michel Constantin, Philippe Brizard, Enrique Lucero, Michel Peyrelon, Alain Mottet, Jacques Debary, Jean-Claude Michel et Marc Eyraud

Miss Potter (2006) de Chris Noonan avec Renée Zellweger, Ewan McGregor, Emily Watson, Barbara Flynn, Bill Paterson, Matyelok Gibbs, Lloyd Owen, Anton Lesser, David Bamber, Patricia Kerrigan et Judith Barker

Mince alors ! (2012) de et avec Charlotte de Turckheim et aussi Lola Dewaere, Grégory Fitoussi, Victoria Abril, Catherine Hosmalin, Émilie Gavois-Kahn, Barbara Bolotner, Dominique Besnehard, Alain Stern, Martin Daquin et Valérie Moreau

Motor Psycho (1965) de Russ Meyer avec Stephen Oliver, Timothy Scott, Joseph Cellini, Alex Rocco, Holle K. Winters, Coleman Francis, Haji et Sharon Lee

Olympe, une femme dans la Révolution (2025) de Mathieu Busson et de et avec Julie Gayet avec aussi Dimitri Storoge, Pauline Serieys, Jean-Pierre Lorit, Pablo Cobo, Lucas Ferraton, Amandine Dewasmes, Émilie Gavois-Kahn et Benjamin Guillaume

The Brasher Doubloon (1947) de John Brahm avec George Montgomery, Nancy Guild, Conrad Janis, Roy Roberts, Fritz Kortner, Florence Bates et Marvin Miller

Masques (1987) de Claude Chabrol avec Philippe Noiret, Robin Renucci, Anne Brochet, Monique Chaumette, Pierre-François Duméniaud, Bernadette Lafont, Roger Dumas, Pierre Nougaro et Renée Dennsy

Joyeuses Funérailles (Death at a Funeral) (2007) de Frank Oz avec Matthew Macfadyen, Keeley Hawes, Andy Nyman, Ewen Bremner, Daisy Donovan, Alan Tudyk, Jane Asher, Kris Marshall, Rupert Graves, Peter Vaughan, Peter Egan et Peter Dinklage

Anaconda (2005) de Benjamin Geffroy avec Alexandre Astier

La Rose pourpre du Caire (The Purple Rose of Cairo) (1985) de Woody Allen avec Mia Farrow, Jeff Daniels, Danny Aiello, Irving Metzman, Stephanie Farrow, David Kieserman, Edward Herrmann, John Wood et Deborah Rush

Séries

Bref.2 Saison 2

Bref. Tout redémarre. - Bref. C'était trop tard. - Bref. C'est une question de point de vue. - Bref. Tout va bien. - Bref. C'était sous mes yeux depuis le début. - Bref. C'est du sérieux ?

Kaamelott Livre II, III

Aux Yeux de Tous - Immaculé Karadoc - La Morsure du Dace - Les Neiges Eternelles - Des Hommes d'Honneur - Stargate - Feue la Vache de Roparzh - Les Vœux - Le Pédagogue - Perceval et le Contre-Sirop - L'Oubli - L'Ambition - Le Poème - Corpore Sano - Le Havre de Paix - L'Anniversaire de Guenièvre - La Botte Secrète II - Les Parchemins Magiques - L'Enragé - Trois Cent Soixante Degrés - Pupi - Vox Populi II - Le Rebelle - Les Félicitations - Les Paris - Les Esclaves - Les Drapeaux - Le Guet - Le Sort Perdu - La Restriction - La Corde - Le Tourment II - Le Plat National - Le Temps des Secrets - La Conscience d'Arthur - La Frange Romaine - L'Orateur - Les Comptes - Le Chevalier errant - L’Aveu de Bohort - Le Magnanime - Le Porte-bonheur - Séfriane d’Aquitaine - Le Combat des chefs - Le Déserteur - La Potion de vivacité - Le Sanglier de Cornouailles - L’Ankou - Ablutions - La Poétique : première partie - La Poétique : deuxième partie - Les Derniers Outrages - Guenièvre et Euripide - Unagi III - Le Fléau de Dieu II - Cryda de Tintagel - L’Ivresse II - Legenda - Le Renfort magique - Silbury Hill II - Le Professionnel - Les Suppléants - La Nuit du nomade - L’Assemblée des rois : première partie - L’Assemblée des rois : deuxième partie - L’Arche de transport - Les Cousins - Le Trouble - Le Tournoi - La Pierre de Lune - La Pythie - Les Cheveux noirs - Dream On - Feue la poule de Guethenoc - Le Repos du guerrier II - Les Affranchis - Les Clous de la Sainte Croix - La Corne d’abondance - Morituri - Le Dialogue de paix II - Stargate II - L’Abstinent - Aux yeux de tous II - La Potion de vérité - Le Petit Poucet - Haunted II - La Révolte II - Perceval chante Sloubi - Le Jour d’Alexandre - La Cassette II - Poltergeist - Les Paris II - Au Bonheur des Dames - Les Tourelles

Columbo Saison 7, 1, 2, 4

Meurtre parfait - Une ville fatale - Dites-le avec des fleurs - Symphonie en noir - Eaux troubles - État d'esprit

K2000 Saison 2, 3

Souvenirs perdus - Les bohémiens - Le trésor de Charlie - Une agence très spéciale - Une nuit pour les étoiles - Course pour la vie - La victoire à tout prix - Le retour de Goliath : première partie - Le retour de Goliath : deuxième partie - Mini puce - La bouche du serpent : première partie - La bouche du serpent : deuxième partie - Ma plus belle chanson d'amour - Travaux publics - Le roi des robots - : première partie - Le roi des robots : deuxième partie - Les voleurs de diamants - Toujours plus vite - Bal costumé - Le retour de K.A.R.R. - Les bâtards

Friends Saison 9

Celui qui n'avait demandé personne en mariage - Celui qui acceptait sa mutation - Celui qui allait chez le pédiatre - Celui qui regardait des requins - Celui qui avait fumé - Celui qui était le plus drôle - Celui qui faisait rire sa fille - Celui qui était vexé - Celui qui n'osait pas dire la vérité - Celui qui passait Noël à Tulsa - Celui qui ne voulait plus de bébé - Celui qui défendait sa nounou - Celui qui se faisait épiler - Celui qui se faisait agresser - Celui qui se faisait poser un lapin - Celui qui prêtait de l'argent

Astrid et Raphaëlle Saison 5

On ne meurt qu'une seule fois - Mais c'est pour si longtemps - Mandala - Le dernier des Aztèques - Le baptême des morts - Loup y es-tu ? - On achève bien les jockeys - Un mariage et quatre enterrements

Les Cinq Dernières Minutes Saison 1

La Rose de fer - Un mort à la une - Mort d'un casseur - Fenêtre sur jardin

Douglas is Cancelled

Episode 1 - Episode 2 - Episode 3 - Episode 4

Alexandra Ehle Saison 5

Feu sacré - L'effet miroir

Hudson et Rex Saison 6

Le Bateau fantôme - Dernière bataille - Les Murs ont des oreilles - Assurance tous risques - Le Gardien de la nuit - Le Meilleur ami de l'homme - Ballet d'espions

WWE Biographies Saison 2

Undertaker - Edge

Spectacles

Alchemy Live : Dire Straits (1983) au Hammersmith Apollo, Londres

James Taylor : One Man Band (2007)

Diana Krall : Doing All Right (2008)

La Facture (1976) de Françoise Dorin avec Jacqueline Maillan, Viviane Gosset, Jean Barney, Julien Bertheau, Denise Provence, Jacques Ramade et Yves Massard

Roberto Fonseca : Live in Marciac (2009)

Toto : 25th Anniversary: Live in Amsterdam (2003)

Livres

L'attaque des dauphins tueurs de Julien Campredon

OSS 117 préfère les rousses de Jean Bruce

Lucky Luke, tome 31 : Les Dalton à la noce de Morris, Xavier Fauche et Jean Léturgie

Hero Corp, tome 1 : Les origines de Simon Astier et Marco Failla

Détective Conan, tome 27 de Gosho Aoyama

Détective Conan, tome 28 de Gosho Aoyama

Détective Conan, tome 29 de Gosho Aoyama

[erasde]

[Weekly Log] - #2 : January 2025

This week was a little quieter than the last in terms of time spent worldbuilding, but good progress was made. Most of it was made on Monday and polished during the weekend.

I started on Monday by making some posts for this blog. Two of them, the Resources post and the Bibliography post, were made with the intent of being updated with my readings and discoveries of useful websites. But I also took some time (more than I thought) to put together my first Worldbuilding post, where I talk about maps, their uses and their usefulness.

On Wednesday, I received my first ask for Worldbuilding Wednesday, which is a great weekly event. However, I think my participation in it will be quite limited to the persons stumbling upon this blog by accident since this blog is only for my own content (as in, I do not reblog other people stuff). It was a decision I had to make, but I intend this blog to be where I centralize and share my project. I'm already having a hard time staying organized and clear, so drowning my posts in the middle of other stuff would make it even more difficult.

On Friday, I participated for the second time in the Flash Fiction Friday challenge hosted by @flashfictionfridayofficial. I've been following them for quite a while now, but I was too busy reworking my project to participate on a regular basis. However, the weekly prompt and short wordcount is a nice challenge, as well as a way for me to flesh out my characters on the side of all the worldbuilding stuff.

In fact, the first thing I did on Saturday was to connect to Erasde's AO3 and format the first work to be published there, a collection dedicated to the snippets made for the FFF and, later perhaps, other writing challenges.

I have another work in progress, a one-shot centered around the characters mentioned in this week's FFF, which is already at 4k2 words and will probably double in size. I'm taking my time with it though, because it's as much a work of style as it is a work of characterization. My writing style is very heavily influenced by the fact that I've been writing fanfiction for years and the tricky thing is that, this time, my "fandom" is an original work that currently exists only in my mind.

Otherwise, I took advantage of my two-day weekend to work intensively on my maps. In addition to slightly reworking my base map to add the bodies of water present within the land, I also added the borders. It will allow me a better visualization of some information, without having to activate a bunch of different layers each time. These borders were determined by the realization, admittedly long and painful, of the first political map on which I placed my territorial and political entities, as well as the names of the main countries.

Otherwise, I borrowed a few new books from the library but haven't had time to look into them too much yet. But I did see a very good book on the history of medicine that will be a good complement to my current interest in herbalism.

I also bought three books, which I should pick up soon: the new edition of the previously mentioned book by Paul Ariès, as well as two books by Alain Corbin, a renowned French historian and one of the world's leading specialists in the history of sensibilities. I got his book on smell and the social imagination linked to it, as well as the one on prostitution. I'll have to pick them up tomorrow after work.

For the upcoming week, I'm working all day tomorrow and I have a shift on Sunday afternoon. I'll also go to a show on Thursday with my mother, so I won't be home before a little while. I'm not sure how much I'll be able to do, so let's stay realistic : if I manage to polish the relief map of Omrys and start naming the bodies of water, it'll already be really nice.

[stuartelden]

Alain Corbin, A History of Rest, trans. Helen Morrison - Polity, June 2024

Alain Corbin, A History of Rest, trans. Helen Morrison – Polity, June 2024 Rest occupies a space outside of sleep and alertness: it is a form of recuperation but also of preparation for what is to come, and is a need felt by human and animal alike. Through the centuries, different and conflicting definitions and forms of rest have blossomed, ranging from heavenly repose to what is prescribed for…

[mergist]

"This fear of soiling the pages of history with the stuff of reality distinguishes nineteenth-century historians from their colleagues, and it is important to understand its significance and function. Fastidious and fearful historians appear to have conspired with the men of the time to cover up horrific events. We know virtually nothing about murderous nineteenth-century mobs and very little about lethal tactics of law enforcement. Historical narrative has been watered down and cruelty banished from its pages. Historians have behaved as though the only reason for studying mob violence were to ascertain the poverty of the crowd, its possible role in the revolutionary process, and its level of political consciousness."

Alain Corbin, The Village of Cannibals: Rage and Murder in France, 1870 page 99.

[sensitiveuser]

A thousand apologies, I forgot to specify (I regret)! On May 21, the work and exchange commission recognized one of the demands of the Union of Women for the Defense of Paris and the Care of the Wounded (a big thank you to Léo Frankel, again and again!), and established equal treatment between female and male teachers!

Sources:

Alain Corbin, Alain Dalotel, Jean-Marie Mayeur - La Barricade

Sylvie Braibant - Elisabeth Dmitrieff, aristocrate et p��roleuse

Florence Braka, Michel Cordillot

Elisabeth Dmitrieff and Nathalie Le Mel (from very different backgrounds but both belonging to the International) were at the origin of the Union of Women for the Defense of Paris and the Care of the Wounded, founded between April 8 and 11, 1871. The other leaders (members of the central committee) were Thérèse Collin, Aline Jacquier, Aglaé Jarry, Blanche Lefebre, Marceline Leloup. The Union of Women for the Defense of Paris and the Care of the Wounded is often considered the first structured feminist organization in France, because it put forward essential demands such as equal pay, the right to vote and the recognition of full civic status for women. These demands reflect not only a quest for equality between the sexes, but also a desire for emancipation within the working class. The idea is to end the subjugation of women and to defend the emancipation of the working class. The members of the Union are ready "to fight and win or die".

This organization is exclusively female and administered by women of the working class. On April 11, 1871, the first "Appeal to the Citizens of Paris" is published in La Sociale. The Union of Women for the Defense of Paris and the Care of the Wounded advocates all-out war and the emancipation of the working class.

The missions of the organization ? To call meetings for the defense of the Paris Commune; to inform and help women; to find them work; to organize public rallies; to register women citizens ready to serve (in ambulances, at the stoves, at the barricades); to come to the aid of the poor and needy (with the aim of replacing nuns with lay personnel).

The “Appeal to the Citizens of Paris” is addressed to all women, urging them to fight for the defense of the Commune. The appeal also encourages these women to fight alongside men. This all-out struggle for the freedom and emancipation of the working class was reaffirmed on May 6, 1871 in a manifest published by the central committee of the Women's Union in response to the poster posted on May 4 by reactionary women who appealed to the "generosity of Versailles" and demanded "peace at all costs." The Central Committee responded: "No, it is not peace, but all-out war that the women workers of Paris have come to demand. Today, a conciliation would be a betrayal! It would be to deny all the workers' aspirations acclaiming absolute social renovation, the annihilation of all legal and social relations currently existing, the abolition of all privileges, of all exploitation, the substitution of the reign of labor for that of capital, in a word, the emancipation of the worker by himself"; the Central Committee called for a democratic, social and universal republic.

On April 11, the statutes of the Union were adopted. The objective of the Union is defined in its missions, its relationship with the government of the Commune, and in its organization: "To assist the work of the government commissions for the service of ambulances, furnaces and barricades. Committees are established in each district, in addition to a Central Committee assuming the general direction of the organization." Note that the statutes are divided into two chapters. A first chapter of 10 articles, relating to the administration of the district committees; a second chapter of 19 articles, on the subject of the administration of the central committee. The 20 district committees are placed under the responsibility of a central committee composed of a delegate per district. The members of the Union have the obligation to recognize the moral authority of the Central Committee and follow the instructions and orders of their respective committees.

Note that the statutes are divided into two chapters. A first chapter of 10 articles, relating to the administration of the district committees; a second chapter of 19 articles, on the subject of the administration of the central committee. The 20 district committees are placed under the responsibility of a central committee composed of a delegate per district. The members of the Union have the obligation to recognize the moral authority of the Central Committee and follow the instructions and orders of their respective committees. The organization is very structured, practical and demanding of its members. What you need to know is that Elisabeth Dmitrieff is very strongly inspired by the Marxist tendency of the International, and imposes a highly centralized, even authoritarian, monolithic union with social, political, but also military objectives. Like the Central Committee of the Union, the district committees sit permanently, appoint their bureau, and at each meeting, set up a rotating presidency. All members are revocable. The district committees meet every day, and submit a special report to the Central Committee on the state of their funds every two days. They are free to draw up their own internal regulations. The Central Committee, which must meet at least twice a day, is made up of delegates from the district committees (20 in number). It appoints an executive committee of seven members "responsible for contacting the government commissions for ambulances, furnaces, and barricades". In order to avoid wasting time on chatter, Article 7 of the statutes provides that subjects will have the possibility of being put on the agenda only if they are supported by at least 10 members of the Committee; Article 8 stipulates that "the floor may only be taken for a maximum of 10 minutes" and that "the same question may not be dealt with more than twice in a session by the same speaker". Decisions will be voted on by an absolute majority.

The Women's Union is supported by very politically active citizens. They belong almost entirely to the working class (with the exception of Elisabeth Dmitrieff). Historians have counted more than 300 skilled workers. Elisabeth Dmitrieff, Nathalie Le Mel, Thérèse Collin, Aline Jacquier, Aglaé Jarry, Blanche Lefebre, Marceline Leloup, consider that the emancipation of the working class must result in the emancipation of women. According to these activists, male domination "is part of the elements of the class struggle in the broad sense". Gender equality (in the public sphere as in the private sphere) must be one of the principles of the Commune.

In truth, few elected officials listen to the demands. Only Léo Frankel, Benoît Malon, and Eugène Varlin, show openness to the demands of the Women's Union. This lack of response from the members of the Commune inspired André Léo to write his memorable article entitled “The Revolution in Women,” published on May 8 in La Sociale. It was addressed directly to Dombrowski: “Do you know, General Dombrowski, how the revolution of March 18 was made? By women. Early in the morning, regular troops had been sent to Montmartre. The small number of national guardsmen guarding the cannons on Place Saint-Pierre had been surprised and the cannons removed; they were being lowered into Paris—without hindrance.—The national guard, without leaders, without orders, hesitated before an open attack. A few more turns of the wheel, and you would never have been a general of the Commune, citizen Dombrowski.” (La Sociale, May 8, 1871).

The Union of Women for the Defense of Paris and Care of the Wounded organized many meetings. Clubs appeared in most of the working-class neighborhoods of Paris. On the military front, the Union recruited many women and set up an exclusively female ambulance service. During Bloody Week, the women of the Union participated in building barricades, and some took up arms (the money collected by the organization was to be used to buy oil and weapons for the citizens who would fight on the barricades).

Another achievement of the Union was the closure of "houses of tolerance", the banning of prostitution, and the recognition of free unions.

The Union collaborated with the Commission du Travail et de l'Echange, before the march of the Versaillais on Paris ruined their efforts. The Union, which had counted the unemployed by profession and the abandoned workshops, had created cooperative workshops managed by women for women. On May 10, Léo Frankel brought together all the workers' cooperatives. On May 17, “Appeal to Women Workers,” to organize the definitive constitution of the union and federal chambers of women workers; the meeting took place that same evening at the Bourse. A new meeting was planned for May 21…

The Union of Women for the Defense of Paris and Care of the Wounded had a homogeneous composition, bringing together women from the same background and driven by a clear class consciousness. The Union of Women was not the only organization to defend the Commune, but it was the most structured and the most effective, leading both the war against Versailles and a fight for the advent of a new social order.

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