#agriculture bihar

[gamearsenal]

Bihar Connect: Your Source for Bihar News and Updates.

Welcome to Bihar Connect – your go-to platform for everything related to Bihar!

We bring you the latest news, culture, and information about this historic state in India. Whether you live in Bihar, are from the region but living elsewhere, or are simply curious about this vibrant part of India, Bihar Connect is here to keep you updated and connected.

Comprehensive News Coverage

At Bihar Connect, we pride ourselves on delivering timely, accurate, and in-depth news coverage across a wide range of topics:

Politics:

Stay informed about the latest political updates in Bihar, from local village elections to major state policy changes, and see how they impact Bihar's future.

Economy:

Monitor Bihar's economic growth, explore investment opportunities, and examine the key initiatives shaping the state's development and future progress.

Education:

Follow advancements in Bihar's educational landscape, from primary schools to universities and vocational training programs.

Agriculture:

Get insights into agricultural practices, crop yields, and innovations supporting Bihar's farming community.

Technology:

Discover how Bihar is embracing digital transformation and fostering a growing tech ecosystem.

Healthcare:

Stay informed about public health initiatives, medical facilities, and healthcare challenges facing the state.

Our team of experienced journalists and local correspondents ensures that you receive reliable, well-researched news articles that go beyond headlines to provide context and analysis, focusing on Bihar’s unique issues. Whether it’s the latest political developments in Patna, agricultural challenges in rural areas, or the socio-economic transformation happening in smaller towns, we bring you in-depth reporting that highlights the concerns and aspirations of the people of Bihar. Our local experts provide insights into ground realities, ensuring that every story resonates with the regional context.

[indizombie]

Historically, Dalits were prohibited from holding productive and knowledge resources, especially land, because of their caste status. Land reforms failed except in a few states: the tenancy reforms primarily benefited the middle-castes but the distribution of ceiling-surplus land to the landless failed miserably.The National Sample Survey Office reveals that more than 58% of all rural Dalit households in India were landless in 2013. The list of top three states in this regard — Haryana (92%), Punjab (87%) and Bihar (86%) — suggests that Dalit landlessness remains unaffected by agricultural development (or the lack of it).

Awanish Kumar, ‘Ambedkar and his idea of the caste of land’, Indian Express

[smsehgalfoundation]

Women Empowerment In Local Development

Empowering Women in Local Development is a partnership project being implemented by S M Sehgal Foundation in 20 villages of district Muzzafarpur, Bihar, supported by the Civil Society in Development (CISU) and Crossing Borders. Initiated in 2021 across two phases, the project engages women at the grassroots level, bridges their information deficit, improves their access to government programs, and promotes women's leadership.

[nirajforhelp]

Diesel Anudan Yojana Status Check 2023 बिहार डीजल अनुदान आवेदन स्थिति ऐसे देखे

यदि आपने भी बिहार डिजल अनुदान योजना के लिए ऑनलाइन आवेदन किया है? तो अब आपको Diesel Anudan Yojana Status Check जरुर करना चाहिए. क्योंकि तभी आपको पता चलेगा की आपका आवेदन एक्सेप्ट हुआ या रिजेक्ट? और बिहार डिजल अनुदान का पैसा आपको कब तक मिलेगा? DBT Agriculture Bihar की वेबसाइट पर बिहार डिजल अनुदान बैलेंस चेक करने का लिंक एक्टिवेट कर दिया गया है. इस आर्टिकल में मैं आपको स्टेप बाई स्टेप पूरा प्रोसेस…

[merafarmhouse]

सिर्फ धान नहीं, बारसात🌧️☔ में इन फसलों की खेती से भी होती है बंपर कमाई💰

🟥🤎 बरसात का महीना जून से लेकर मध्य सितंबर तक रहता है. इस दौरान सबसे अधिक बारिश होती है. अगर किसान भाई जुलाई में हरी सब्जियों की खेती करते हैं, तो बंपर कमाई कर सकते हैं , 🟪 पालक की खेती : पालक एक ऐसी सब्जी है, जिसकी खेती किसान भाई किसी भी मौसम में कर सकते हैं. लेकिन बरसात में इसकी खेती करने पर ज्यादा पैदावार मिलती है. अगर किसान भाई जुलाई के पहले हफ्ते में पालक की बुवाई करते हैं, तो 40 दिन में इसकी फसल पूरी तरह से तैयार हो जाएगी ! , 🟪 धनिया की खेती : अगर आप जुलाई के पहले हफ्ते में इसकी बुवाई करते हैं, तो अगस्त से आप इसकी हरी- हरी पत्तियां तोड़ सकते हैं. अगर आप एक एकड़ में धनिया की खेती करते हैं तो 20 हजार रुपये खर्च का आएगा, और कमाई डेढ़ लाख रुपये तक होगी ! , 🟪 बैंगन की खेती : जुलाई महीने के दौरान आप बैंगन के पौधों की रोपाई कर सकते हैं. अगर आप एक एकड़ में इसकी खेती करते हैं, तो 7 हजार पौधे लगाने पड़ेंगे. इससे आपको 120 क्विंटल तक बैंगन का उत्पादन मिलेगा !

🍆🟥🍅🟥🥬🟥🌸🟥🏵️🟥 ❤️Stay Connected 📱 Call or WhatsApp: 🚜🌾 📱 https://wa.me/919875968172 Call 📞 09875968172 🌐: www.merafarmhouse.com 🚜 𝐌𝐞𝐫𝐚 𝐅𝐚𝐫𝐦𝐡𝐨𝐮𝐬𝐞 🚶 ♀️ 𝟑𝟕𝟗, 𝐈𝐧𝐝𝐮𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐀𝐫𝐞𝐚 𝐏𝐡𝐚𝐬𝐞 𝐈𝐈, 𝐂𝐡𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐢𝐠𝐚𝐫𝐡, 𝟏𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟐

[sanjeetkv]

BIHAR

Bullock ploughing the field  Seasonal kids of farmer ready with yield Brinjal Brinjal full of greenery  Next to feet of hill, what a scenery! Transitional method to plough  Under blue sky Owner of soil using the hoe  Cauliflower, tomatoes and pigeon pea  Gorgeous Farmland a place to see 

[transmutationisms]

original anon here tysm for the recs ! if the marxist frameworks was too limiting im also completely fine w general postcolonial botany readings on the topic :0

A Spiteful Campaign: Agriculture, Forests, and Administering the Environment in Imperial Singapore and Malaya (2022). Barnard, Timothy P. & Joanna W. C. Lee. Environmental History Volume: 27 Issue: 3 Pages: 467-490. DOI: 10.1086/719685

Planting Empire, Cultivating Subjects: British Malaya, 1786–1941 (2018). Lynn Hollen Lees

The Plantation Paradigm: Colonial Agronomy, African Farmers, and the Global Cocoa Boom, 1870s--1940s (2014). Ross, Corey. Journal of Global History Volume: 9 Issue: 1 Pages: 49-71. DOI: 10.1017/S1740022813000491

Cultivating “Care”: Colonial Botany and the Moral Lives of Oil Palm at the Twentieth Century’s Turn (2022). Alice Rudge. Comparative Studies in Society and History Volume: 64 Issue: 4 Pages: 878-909. DOI: 10.1017/S0010417522000354

Pacific Forests: A History of Resource Control and Contest in Solomon Islands, c. 1800-1997 (2000). Bennett, Judith A.

Thomas Potts of Canterbury: Colonist and Conservationist (2020). Star, Paul

Colonialism and Green Science: History of Colonial Scientific Forestry in South India, 1820--1920 (2012). Kumar, V. M. Ravi. Indian Journal of History of Science Volume: 47 Issue 2 Pages: 241-259

Plantation Botany: Slavery and the Infrastructure of Government Science in the St. Vincent Botanic Garden, 1765–1820 (2021). Williams, J'Nese. Berichte zur Wissenschaftsgeschichte Volume: 44 Issue: 2 Pages: 137-158. DOI: 10.1002/bewi.202100011

Angel in the House, Angel in the Scientific Empire: Women and Colonial Botany During the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries (2020). Hong, Jiang. Notes and Records: The Royal Society Journal of the History of Science Volume: 75 Issue: 3 Pages: 415-438. DOI: 10.1098/rsnr.2020.0046

From Ethnobotany to Emancipation: Slaves, Plant Knowledge, and Gardens on Eighteenth-Century Isle de France (2019). Brixius, Dorit. History of Science Volume: 58 Issue: 1 Pages: 51-75. DOI: 10.1177/0073275319835431

African Oil Palms, Colonial Socioecological Transformation and the Making of an Afro-Brazilian Landscape in Bahia, Brazil (2015). Watkins, Case. Environment and History Volume: 21 Issue: 1 Pages: 13-42. DOI: 10.3197/096734015X14183179969700

The East India Company and the Natural World (2015). Ed. Damodaran, Vinita; Winterbottom, Anna; Lester, Alan

Colonising Plants in Bihar (1760-1950): Tobacco Betwixt Indigo and Sugarcane (2014). Kerkhoff, Kathinka Sinha

Science in the Service of Colonial Agro-Industrialism: The Case of Cinchona Cultivation in the Dutch and British East Indies, 1852--1900 (2014). Hoogte, Arjo Roersch van der & Pieters, Toine. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Volume: 47 Issue: Part A Pages: 12-22

Trading Nature: Tahitians, Europeans, and Ecological Exchange (2010). Newell, Jennifer

The Colonial Machine: French Science and Overseas Expansion in the Old Regime (2011). McClellan, James E. & Regourd, François

Colonial Botany: Science, Commerce, and Politics in the Early Modern World (2005). Ed. Schiebinger, Londa L. & Swan, Claudia

Plants and Empire: Colonial Bioprospecting in the Atlantic World (2004). Schiebinger, Londa L.

[maaarine]

India overtakes China to become world’s most populous country (Hannah Ellis-Petersen, The Guardian, April 24 2023)

“It is also the first time since 1950, when the UN first began keeping global population records, that China has been knocked off the top spot.

China’s population decline follows decades of strict laws to bring the country’s booming birthrate under control, including the introduction of a one-child policy in the 1980s.

This included fines for having extra children, forced abortions and sterilisations.

While initially highly effective in controlling the population, these policies became a victim of their own success, and the country is now grappling with an ageing population in steep decline, which could have severe economic implications.

Part of the problem is that because of a traditional preference for boys, the one-child policy led to a massive gender imbalance.

Men now outnumber women by about 32 million. “How can the country now shore up birth rates, with millions of missing women?” asks Mei Fong, the author of One Child, a book about the impact of the policy.

Recent policies introduced in China trying to incentivise women to have more children have done little to stimulate population growth.

Women still have only 1.2 children and the population is expected to fall by almost 10% in the next two decades.

According to projections, the size of the Chinese population could drop below 1 billion before the end of the century.

In India, the population has grown by more than a billion since 1950. Though growth has now slowed, the number of people in the country is still expected to continue to rise for the next few decades, hitting its peak of 1.7 billion by 2064. (…)

India’s demography is far from uniform across the country.

One third of predicted population growth over the next decade will come from just two states, Bihar and Uttar Pradesh, in the north of the country, which are some of India’s poorest and most agricultural states.

Uttar Pradesh alone already has a population of about 235 million, bigger than Nigeria or Brazil.

Meanwhile states in India’s south, which is more prosperous and has far higher rates of literacy, population rates have already stabilised and have begun to fall.

In the next decade, states in the southern states such as Kerala and Tamil Nadu are likely to start grappling with an ageing population, and by 2025, one in five people in Kerala will be over 60.

The divide in population growth between India’s north and south could also have political implications.

After 2026, India’s electoral lines are due to be revised and redrawn based on census data, in particular relating to the number of people in constituencies.

Many politicians in southern states have expressed concern that their successes in bringing down population numbers, through education programmes, family planning and high literacy, could result in a reduction in their political representation in parliament, and a further political domination of the northern states that continue to have a population boom.

Currently the average age in India is just 29, and the country will continue to have a largely youthful population for the next two decades.

A similar “demographic dividend” proved highly useful in China, leading to an economic boom, particularly in manufacturing.

While India has one of the world’s fastest-growing economies in the world, and recently overtook the UK as the fifth-largest, experts have stressed that the country needs more investment in education and employment to seize the opportunity presented by a young population over the next few decades.

India continues to struggle with high youth unemployment and less than 50% of working-age Indians are in the workforce.

The figure for women is even lower, with just 20% of women participating in the formal labour market, a figure that is decreasing as India develops.”

[blog4nation]

Women empowerment or women harassment across India?

I am asking to Humanrights and women rights organisations….?

More than 46 millions girls and women still missing.

Human trafficking is a grave violation of human rights, often involving exploitation through forced labor, sexual slavery, conversion, rape , and other forms of coercion.

It’s a global issue that affects millions of people, particularly women and children. Here’s a general overview and some key points about human trafficking, medical Jihad, suicide Jihad, accidental Jihad, rape and murder.

Human trafficking Jihad is the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or receipt of persons by means of threat, force, or other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud, or deception, for the purpose of exploitation. This exploitation can include forced labor, sexual exploitation, or other forms of modern-day slavery.

According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), there are an estimated 25 million victims of human trafficking worldwide specially in West Bengal, Northeast, Kerala, Kashmir, Delhi, Bihar, UP, Madhyapradesh, Rajsthan and other states.

Trafficking can occur within a country or across international borders, with victims often lured by false promises of employment, education, marriage or a better life.

• Sex Trafficking: Involves forcing individuals, often women and girls, into prostitution or other forms of sexual exploitation.

• Labor Trafficking: Includes forced labor in industries such as agriculture, construction, domestic work, and manufacturing. Victims often work in inhumane conditions for little or no pay.

• Child Trafficking: Involves the recruitment, transportation, or exploitation of children for various purposes, including labor, sexual exploitation, or even forced begging.

• Victims and Vulnerabilities: Trafficking victims often come from vulnerable populations, including migrants, refugees, and those living in poverty. Traffickers prey on these vulnerabilities, exploiting victims’ desires to escape difficult circumstances.

Human trafficking is a complex and multi-faceted issue that requires a concerted global effort to address. By staying informed and supporting organizations working to combat trafficking, individuals can contribute to the fight against this pervasive crime across India and at global level.

Madhusudan Lal

[swapnil7091]

Title: The Employment System in Bihar: Challenges and OpportunitiesIntroduction: Bihar, a state in eastern India, has a unique employment landscape characterized by its demographic diversity and a mix of challenges and opportunities. In this blog, we will delve into the key aspects of Bihar's employment system, highlighting the state's strengths and areas that require improvement.Demographics and Workforce: Bihar boasts a large and youthful population, making it a potential labor powerhouse. The state's workforce comprises a mix of skilled and unskilled labor, contributing to various sectors of the economy.Government Initiatives: The Bihar government has initiated several programs to enhance employment prospects. Some of the notable schemes include:Mukhyamantri Nischay Swayam Sahayata Bhatta Yojana (MNSSBY): A financial assistance program for unemployed youth.Jeevika: A self-help group program promoting women's entrepreneurship and livelihoods.Skill Development Initiatives: Efforts to improve the skills of the youth for better employability.Challenges in Bihar's Employment System: Despite the potential, Bihar faces various challenges in its employment landscape, including:Low Industrialization: A limited industrial base compared to its population size.Agriculture Dominance: A significant reliance on agriculture, which is vulnerable to climate-related risks.Migration: Seasonal migration of labor to other states for employment opportunities.Opportunities: There are promising opportunities in Bihar's employment system:Agro-Based Industries: Leveraging the state's rich agricultural resources for agro-processing and food industries.Education and Skill Development: Investing in education and skill development to create a skilled workforce.Infrastructure Development: Building infrastructure to attract investments and create job opportunities.Conclusion: Bihar's employment system is a complex landscape with both challenges and opportunities. With strategic planning, skill development, and investment in key sectors, the state can harness the potential of its young and diverse workforce to drive economic growth and improve employment prospects for its citizens.Disclaimer: This information is based on data available up to September 2021. For the most up-to-date information, please refer to official government sources and recent news articles.

Here are the glimpse of some employees working for Automobile industry.

[indiejones]

HOW NEHRU CAN TRULY BE CALLED 'THE ARCHITECT OF INDIA'S BIMARU ECONOMIC STRUCTURE'. ................................................................................. - HOW NEHRU INCOMPETENTLY, & PER MANY HISTORIANS, MALICIOUSLY, RUINED EASTERN INDIAN ECONOMIES, LIKE BENGAL, BIHAR, JHARKHAND, MADHYA PRADESH, CHHATTISGARH, & ORISSA, BY HIS ONE SIDED (SUBSIDIZED/EQUALIZED FREIGHT COST OF RAW MATERIAL ONLY & NOT FOR FINISHED GOODS) FREIGHT EQUALIZATION POLICY. - HOW NEHRU IN THE GARB OF A SOCIALIST INDIA, MANAGED TO CREATED A REGRESSIVELY CAPITALISTIC INDIA INSTEAD.

Here are India's 60 yr Share of Wealth stats, from 1961-2020, taken from the 'World Inequality Database'.

Looking at which, most would be forced to ask, why is it that in a wholly socialized state like India (& heavily publicized so at that for 60 yrs)....that our Top 1% 's share in wealth goes up 3 times, Top 10%'s share goes up 1.5 times, BUT SHARE OF THE BOTTOM 50% IS LITERALLY HALVED?

The answer to this lies largely in one man, Nehru, & his policies, either incompetently unintentional or maliciously intentional, policies directly responsible for creating a deeply disparate & heavily lopsided yet overall non-flourishing economic structure, for the entire first half century of the 'Dominion (of Britain) India'.

And the biggest mishap-causing misadventure, being 1951's infamous FREIGHT EQUALIZATION POLICY.

👇

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freight_equalisation_policy#:~:text=Freight%20equalisation%20policy%20was%20adopted,subsidised%20by%20the%20central%20government.

☝

Above is the Russian Govt+military reaction, to Indian 'independence' in mid 1947. This article was published in the Russian central military newspaper 'Red Star' on July 31, 1947, just 2 weeks before the official date of India's so-called Independence.

"Chief economic positions still remain in British hands–railways,marine transport,port economy,irrigation systems,finance,basic part of jute,industry,almost whole mining industry etc"

“The defence of economic positions and interests is not possible without political power. That power will be secured in the person of the capitalists, landowners and businessmen who are dependent upon British capital.”

“The partition, does not affect the feudal power of the Princes who have always supported British domination.”

"The British Govt plans to artificially separate industrial from agricultural areas,turning it to a agrarian & raw material appendage of Britain." 

Exactly what Nehru's Freight Equalization Policy achieved 4 yrs later!

And to add to what y'all I assume would already have read from above, as to it's evil designs & effects, it created a reverse-reward scenario, whereby all the resource-rich states were essentially penalized for their natural advantages, by taking away all incentive for processing-industries & final transportation industries, that are a logical next step from the extraction industries, to germinate & set base in these places. Thereby creating a scenario where the South-western & western coastal states like Maharashtra, Gujarat & Tamil Nadu, & parts of Punjab in North India, were able to find logical easy base for all the processing & transportation industries in their states, for industries like steel, cement, heavy manufacturing, & power, all enabled via raw materials from the other far-off states, like iron ore, coal, limestone, bauxite, copper etc, even w/o any personal natural resources to rely on themselves, merely by virtue of being easy locations to set up ports in for exports, & w/o industries having to compromise on higher transportation & value-added processing costs, that cost aspect equalized & protected for all distances from the resource point. All this, with resource states not finding even some respite in terms of return benefits from any possibly subsidized finished product costs, finished goods not covered by this policy!

These 4-5 states effectively thus became the parasites, for atleast 7 of the traditionally god-gifted states of today like Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Bengal & Uttar Pradesh, killing all their hope at industrial development & economic progress, & where there is economic (or lotsa times attached) spiritual hopelessness, springs leftism in all it's devious forms, giving birth to intense communism & it's shameful offsprings of caste-divide & gang-culture, literally turning these states HOUSING HALF OF INDIA'S POPULATION, into the pot-holes of the Indian Union -the BIMARU (for Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh) states of India.

Now in all of this, it's not as if the above-mentioned coastal states were turning themselves into heavens of prosperity either, merely relatively well-off & with a hopeful disposition of the future, that in itself enough to attract large-scale migration from the above BIMARU states, particularly Maharashtra with a more traditionally Hindi-friendly ambience, but also in TN, creating a new urban housing problem, giving birth anew to Mumbai's infamously gargantuan chawl (dingy hutment) lifestyle.

And the reasons for these states, given all these special privileges, not able to take off well enough, aren't directly visible, yet that we can now, on basis of our analysis of Nehru & his so-called Independent India, over innumerable blogs prior, safely interpret, to be an India yet functioning in 1950s & till mid-1960s as some sort of a vassal state of Britain. Only natural then for a supreme state in such a relationship, to not be assumed to desire nations other than itself any sorta economic or strategic base in it's territory, thus curtailing more robust foreign economic to-and-fro.

A utterly class-subservient bent, not seen just for the British race, but per historians, eg Kanchan Gupta, in his hateful sense of complex & hatred of dark-skinned & skinny Bengali community, even worse passionate Hindu Durga-lovers, & per many, all largely borne of his hatred for Bose.

And thus ends yet another inglorious chapter from the life of the self-confessed Last British Ruler of India.

The Tale of the Internal Destruction of India, & it's Premier at it.

[coochiequeens]

Good news for women 

On Sept. 30, 1993, at 3:56 a.m., a deadly earthquake shook Latur and Osmanabad, districts in the western Indian state of Maharashtra. It killed 10,000 people and demolished 52 villages. 

While many nongovernmental organizations were involved in the immediate rescue and relief work, there was one group that worked a little differently. It focused on efforts that engaged with women from affected communities and aimed to ensure their long-term wellbeing. The Swayam Shikshan Prayog (SSP), established four years later, began its journey by going door-to-door after the earthquake, meeting thousands of women. The group trained the women to become farmers and entrepreneurs, enabling them to become financially independent and rise above the adversity and loss they'd encountered. 

Today, Swayam Shikshan Prayog is one of four winners of the Local Adaptation Champions Awards, organized by the Global Center on Adaptation (GCA), that is being announced at the COP27 climate summit in Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt. 

The awards recognize community-led efforts to adapt to the negative impacts of climate change. Winners will receive €15,000 to help their further their work. In an interview with NPR, SSP Director Upmanyu Patil shares significant moments from his journey.

This interview has been edited for length and clarity. 

You've helped around 300,000 rural women from across India adapt to climate change. How did your journey begin? 

It began with our relief efforts during the Latur earthquake.

Prema Gopalan was the founder of SSP, but unfortunately we lost her last March. I've been working with Prema and the team since 1993. I took over operations after she passed away. In those early days, we worked largely with disasters — the Gujarat Earthquake [2001], the Tamil Nadu tsunami [2004], floods in Bihar [2007] and in Kerala [2018]. We're working more extensively in three Indian states now — Kerala, Bihar and Maharashtra. 

What do you focus on during the aftermath of a climate disaster?

Our focus is on restoration of livelihoods, especially for women. While relief efforts are needed in the immediate aftermath, long-term rehabilitation is our goal. We support them financially, so they can revive any business ventures that were lost as a result of these disasters. In some cases, we provide training so they can gain more skills that will help them set up entrepreneurial ventures. We are actively engaged with communities 3 to 4 years after a disaster, and even post that we continue to work with communities, helping local women generate more income.

Why did you start working on climate-resilient agriculture initiatives?

There were many farmer suicides in Marathwada [in the western Indian state of Maharashtra] when we worked there in 2012-15. When we surveyed the area, we realized that farmers there were planting only a single cash crop like sugar cane or cotton [crops produced only for their commercial value]. This was a problem, because if there was a climate-related disaster and the crop failed, they could not sell it and neither would they have money to buy food. We realized that there were mounting losses in the process, and that was causing great distress [to farmers]. What they needed most was food security. Being an organization with a mission to empower women to take on decision-making roles in their families and communities, we knew that this could come only with economic empowerment, because a breadwinner is a decision-maker. So we began to speak with these families, suggesting that they allocate a piece of their land — say about one-fourth or a fifth — for women to cultivate food crops. We provided training in organic farming, helping them sow pulses, grains, vegetables, fruits. 

Did farmers always cultivate a single cash crop in this area? 

No, they didn't. If you go back 25 years ago, people sowed multiple crops, ensuring food for their families and communities. Things changed when farming became commercialized, driven by market forces instead of primary needs. India's green revolution of the 1960's, which ushered in pesticides and fertilizers for greater yields, did a lot of damage too. We're trying to get communities to go back to traditional practices. We are mining the knowledge of elderly people in these communities, checking with agricultural departments at local universities to see if these traditional practices are backed by science and if they can come back. For instance, practices such as sowing seeds from native plants around your own home, creating your own compost from agricultural waste, and creating bio-fertilizer by using leaves. 

Was it hard to make that transition to food crops and convince families to give away that land? 

Initially it was, but we tell them that it's for their own food security. They can do whatever they want with the rest of the land. We ask them to involve women in growing their food. We've faced challenges in two areas. Many don't believe that organic farming can give you the same yields as farming with the use of chemical fertilizers. And many men don't think women can farm efficiently, even though women do a lot of manual labor on farms. They don't believe that she can take charge of the sowing or be a decision-maker. 

How did you go about changing mindsets?

It takes time, but we reason with them. We show them how organic farming costs far less, when compared to the high costs of chemical fertilizers. And with 2 to 3 years of training, we prove that women can build their capabilities and take lead in their agricultural sector, just as they have done in sanitation and health. Getting [communities] to believe in this is a challenge in the initial phase. 

Once women grow food for their families, what's the next step? 

Once they secure food for their families and they have excess, the next challenge is finding a place to sell their extra produce. We link them to markets, and try to secure better prices for them. It's a challenge too, because traditional marketing methods require packaging, certification [and] branding or you won't get premium prices. The women work hard to produce organic food crops, but because of this, they often can't sell at the prices that justify that effort. They are unhappy about that. 

Is there anything you do to ensure that they get fair prices? 

We have started women farmer producer companies [where women farmers are partners, a system with collective ownership and joint investment]. They are involved in cultivating grains and pulses, but also in selling dairy [and] poultry. These allied activities ensure their incomes. 

How does climate change affect their daily lives and their farming? 

There are a lot of weather-related changes that we're seeing in recent years. For instance, earlier, the rains would come in mid-June, and remain till mid-October. People do their sowing and harvesting at this time. By February, it's time to sow the summer crop. But now, the rains come only in mid-July, and these are torrential, heavy rains. Then they stop abruptly, and farmers lose their crops. Farming is their only source of income and it is threatened by climate change. It's very distressing and women are especially vulnerable. Climate change has an impact on everything — health, economic conditions, water sources and food security. 

You encourage "clean energy initiatives" in local communities. What does that involve? 

In 2005, British Petroleum wanted to understand the energy needs in rural markets. So we partnered with them in that research. We found that cooking energy is a primary need in rural households. Together, we created a product — a "clean" cooking stove run on biomass pellets.

In 2012, we got funding from USAID to help create 1,000 women entrepreneurs, setting them up financially to be able to sell these stoves and other clean energy products [like solar panels] and services to 200,000 families in their communities. 

How do these stoves that run on biomass work?

It works with cow dung. Every family has 3 to 4 cattle. They collect the cow dung every day. They feed this into a "bio-digester" — it's a machine that 

converts cow dung into cooking gas and slurry. The process takes 6 to 8 hours. We use the slurry as organic fertilizer. And the biogas is piped to power the stove. This is safer than burning cow dung directly, which is a practice in many rural homes. It's also safer than LPG–compressed liquified petroleum gas, which is usually piped in for cooking. Each farmer owns their own biomass machine.

How do you intend to use the prize money from the award? 

We would like to expand our scope and see if we can get more women involved. 

What are the biggest changes you've seen after all these years of working with rural communities? 

One of the biggest changes is in the attitudes of men. Earlier, men didn't like it when we met with women exclusively and they were not involved. They were wary and suspicious. But now, they actually welcome us, because they've seen how our helping women helps their children in turn, and improves the families' quality of life. There's more appreciation now replacing the snarky comments that we got earlier! This is a major change we've seen over the last 30 years. 

It just goes to show that by empowering women, we can empower everyone. 

Kamala Thiagarajan is a freelance journalist based in Madurai, Southern India. She reports on global health, science, and development, and her work has been published in the New York Times, The British Medical Journal, BBC, The Guardian and other outlets. You can find her on twitter @kamal_t

[ritiktraffictail]

Small Business Ideas in Bihar: Opportunities for Aspiring Entrepreneurs

Bihar, a state known for its rich history and agricultural strength, is now emerging as a hub for small businesses. With growing infrastructure, supportive government policies, and increasing entrepreneurship, the state offers numerous opportunities for individuals looking to start their own ventures. If you're considering starting a business, here are some of the best small business ideas in Bihar that have the potential to succeed.

1. Organic Farming

Bihar’s agricultural roots make organic farming one of the most promising small business ideas. With a rising demand for chemical-free and pesticide-free produce, you can start an organic farm that grows vegetables, fruits, or even grains. This business requires moderate investment but can yield high returns, especially with a focus on healthy and sustainable products. Organic produce is increasingly sought after in both local and metropolitan markets, making this a profitable venture.

2. Dairy Farming

The dairy industry in Bihar is booming, and starting a dairy farming business can be a lucrative opportunity. With a growing demand for milk and dairy products, there is plenty of scope to set up a small dairy farm. The investment in cattle, feed, and infrastructure may vary, but with proper care and management, dairy farming can generate consistent revenue. Additionally, producing value-added products like cheese, yogurt, and ghee can further increase profitability.

3. Mobile Repairing Services

With the growing use of smartphones and digital devices, starting a mobile repairing service is a great small business idea in Bihar. You can set up a repair shop with minimal investment and offer services like screen replacement, software installation, and hardware repairs. Since the demand for mobile repairs is constant, this business has the potential to attract a steady stream of customers, especially in urban and semi-urban areas.

4. Retail Grocery Store

Opening a grocery store is a reliable business option, particularly in rural or semi-urban areas of Bihar. Essentials like food items, cleaning products, and personal care products are always in demand. With a modest investment, you can start a small grocery store and expand over time. To increase customer loyalty, offering a home delivery service can set you apart from the competition. As the population grows and consumption increases, a retail grocery business can be very rewarding.

5. Handicrafts Business

Bihar is known for its traditional handicrafts, such as Madhubani paintings, terracotta products, and silk weaving. Starting a handicrafts business can tap into both local and global markets. You can work directly with local artisans to produce and sell handcrafted items through an online platform or at local fairs and exhibitions. With the growing demand for eco-friendly and artisanal products, this business can be highly profitable, especially if you focus on promoting local art and culture.

6. Poultry Farming

Another agriculture-based business with high growth potential is poultry farming. Raising chickens for meat or eggs requires relatively low investment but can yield high returns. With proper management, housing, and feed, poultry farming can become a sustainable source of income. The demand for poultry products is consistently high in both urban and rural areas, making it a viable small business idea in Bihar.

7. Mushroom Farming

Mushroom farming is gaining popularity in Bihar due to its profitability and low space requirements. You can start with a small investment and produce mushrooms for local markets, restaurants, or even for export. With the right training and equipment, mushroom farming can yield a substantial income within a few months. The demand for mushrooms as a healthy food option continues to grow, making this an excellent small business opportunity.

8. Fish Farming

With Bihar's abundance of water bodies, fish farming is a highly profitable venture. By setting up a fishery and breeding popular varieties like Rohu, Katla, or Prawn, you can cater to both local and national markets. This business requires moderate investment in ponds, feed, and infrastructure, but it offers high returns. As the demand for fresh fish continues to rise, fish farming has the potential to be a sustainable and rewarding small business idea in Bihar.

9. Tailoring and Embroidery Services

Starting a tailoring and embroidery business is an ideal option for those with a creative flair and stitching skills. With a growing middle-class population, there is a constant demand for custom clothing, especially for women’s and children’s apparel. You can offer services like garment alterations, custom-made outfits, and even specialized embroidery work. With the right marketing strategy and quality service, this business can thrive in both urban and rural areas.

10. Solar Energy Installation Business

With the increasing demand for clean energy, starting a solar energy installation business in Bihar can be a great opportunity. The state is investing heavily in renewable energy, and more households and businesses are looking for solar power solutions. You can provide services such as solar panel installation, maintenance, and consultation. As energy costs rise and sustainability becomes a priority, this business has the potential for significant growth.

11. Agarbatti (Incense Stick) Manufacturing

Incense sticks, or Agarbatti, are used in almost every household in India for religious and spiritual purposes. Starting a small-scale agarbatti manufacturing unit in Bihar can be a profitable business with minimal investment. The demand for incense sticks is constant, and with easy access to raw materials and labor, you can produce and sell to local markets or even export them.

12. Educational Coaching Center

Bihar has a strong focus on education, and starting an educational coaching center can be a rewarding business. With a large number of students preparing for competitive exams like UPSC, SSC, and state-level exams, there is always demand for quality coaching centers. You can offer courses for school students or focus on exam preparation for entrance tests, government jobs, or professional courses. With the right faculty and marketing, this business can grow rapidly in both urban and rural areas.

Conclusion

Bihar offers a wide range of opportunities for small businesses, thanks to its growing economy, agricultural base, and increasing focus on entrepreneurship. Whether you’re interested in agriculture, manufacturing, or services, these small business ideas in Bihar can help you start your entrepreneurial journey. With proper planning, market research, and dedication, you can turn any of these ideas into a successful venture and contribute to the economic growth of the state.

[latestlawslatestlaws]

The Latest Laws in India: A Comprehensive Overview for Legal Aspirants

In a dynamic country like India, laws evolve continuously to adapt to changing societal needs. Staying updated with the latest laws in India is crucial for legal professionals, students, and citizens. This blog delves into the recent legal developments and offers insights into specific state laws, family law, and judicial services. Whether you are preparing for the State Judicial Services Exam, looking for Judiciary Question Papers, or simply keen to know more about the legal landscape, this guide has you covered.

Latest Laws in India: An Evolving Landscape

India's legal system is constantly evolving, with new laws being enacted and existing laws amended to reflect the current socio-political environment. Recent updates include changes in labor laws, data protection regulations, and family laws, which directly impact both individuals and businesses. Staying informed about these latest laws in India helps in understanding the country's governance and compliance requirements.

Family Law Bare Act: A Key Legal Resource

The Family Law Bare Act is a fundamental resource for anyone interested in family law in India. It includes laws related to marriage, divorce, adoption, inheritance, and guardianship. Understanding the Family Law Bare Act is essential for those preparing for the State Judicial Services Exam or practicing in family courts, as it provides the core framework governing family-related legal matters in the country.

State Judicial Services Exam: A Gateway to the Judiciary

The State Judicial Services Exam is a significant step for legal professionals aspiring to join the state judiciary. This competitive examination assesses a candidate's knowledge of state-specific laws, general legal principles, and aptitude for judicial roles. For effective preparation, candidates must access Judiciary Question Papers from previous years, which provide insights into the exam pattern, frequently asked questions, and important legal topics.

Diverse State Laws: From Bihar to Gujarat

Each Indian state has its own set of laws that cater to its unique socio-economic and cultural needs. For instance, Bihar State Laws focus on local governance, property rights, and public order, while Chhattisgarh State Laws address land management, tribal welfare, and environmental concerns. Similarly, Delhi Local Laws are tailored to the governance of the National Capital Territory, focusing on urban planning, public safety, and administrative regulations.

States like Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Mizoram also have their own legal frameworks. Jharkhand State Laws emphasize resource management and cultural preservation, whereas Madhya Pradesh State Laws address public welfare and property disputes. Maharashtra State Laws govern a wide range of areas, from urban development to consumer protection, while Mizoram State Laws focus on tribal rights and community governance.

Odisha State Laws cover diverse subjects such as environmental conservation, land reforms, and cultural heritage, while Puducherry Local Laws manage the unique administrative needs of this Union Territory. Similarly, Rajasthan State Laws include regulations for land reforms, agriculture, and local governance, reflecting the state's distinct socio-economic context.

Keeping Up with Legal News and Updates in India

Staying current with Legal News in India and regular Legal Updates is essential for professionals, students, and anyone interested in the field of law. Understanding the latest amendments, court rulings, and policy changes can significantly impact one’s knowledge and decision-making in legal matters. Subscribing to trusted legal news sources and platforms can help you stay informed about crucial developments.

Overseas Law Schools: Opportunities Beyond Borders

For those looking to expand their legal education, Overseas Law Schools offer diverse opportunities. These institutions provide world-class education, exposure to international legal systems, and potential global career pathways. Whether it’s pursuing a Master’s in Law (LL.M.) or enrolling in short-term courses, studying abroad can enrich one's understanding of the law in a global context.

State-Specific Legal Frameworks: A Closer Look

Apart from the states mentioned, laws in Andhra Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, and Gujarat also play a pivotal role in shaping their respective regional legal landscapes. Andhra Pradesh State Laws focus on local governance, public order, and infrastructure development, while Arunachal Pradesh State Laws aim at preserving tribal rights, managing resources, and maintaining peace in the region. Meanwhile, Gujarat State Laws provide robust regulations for trade, commerce, and public welfare, supporting the state’s thriving economic environment.

Conclusion: Navigating the Complexities of Indian Law

Navigating through the complexities of Indian law requires constant learning and staying updated with changes. Whether you are preparing for the State Judicial Services Exam, looking for Judiciary Question Papers, or interested in state-specific laws, understanding the current legal framework is key to success in the field. Explore diverse resources, stay informed about legal news and updates, and consider international opportunities to expand your horizons.

By staying informed and adaptable, you can make the most of the opportunities in the evolving legal landscape of India.

[dialurbanbihar]

Discover Your Dream Property in Bihar with Dialurban

Are you on the lookout for the perfect property, plot, real estate, house, or flat in Bihar? Look no further than Dialurban – your one-stop destination for all your real estate needs in the vibrant state of Bihar.

Why Choose Dialurban?

1. Extensive Listings

Dialurban boasts an extensive database of properties for sale in Bihar. From sprawling agricultural land to cozy urban flats, there's something for everyone on Dialurban's platform.

2. Transparent and Reliable

At Dialurban, transparency and reliability are key. You can trust that the listings you see are accurate and up-to-date, giving you peace of mind as you search for your dream property.

3. Expert Guidance

Navigating the real estate market can be overwhelming, especially for first-time buyers. That's where Dialurban's team of experts comes in. They're on hand to provide guidance and support at every step of the buying process.

Explore a Variety of Properties

At Dialurban, we understand that every individual has unique preferences when it comes to real estate. That's why we offer a diverse range of properties to choose from. From budget-friendly flats to luxurious villas, we have something for everyone. Simply browse through our listings, filter your search based on your requirements, and find the perfect property that suits your needs.

Easy Buying Process

Buying a property can be a daunting task, but with Dialurban, it's hassle-free. Our user-friendly platform allows you to easily navigate through property listings, view images, explore amenities, and get in touch with sellers directly. Our team of experts is also available to assist you every step of the way, ensuring a smooth and seamless buying experience.

Sell Your Property with Ease

If you're looking to sell your property in Bihar, Dialurban can help you reach a wide audience of potential buyers. Simply list your property on our platform, provide all the necessary details, and let interested buyers connect with you. With Dialurban, selling your property has never been easier.