#acoel

[forms-and-phyla]

Phylum #5: Xenacoelomorpha!

Our first bilaterian phylum, maybe the simplest but not the least enigmatic. Originally classified with flatworms, xenacoelomorphs turned out to be weird little oddities, with their position on the bilaterian tree of life still a complete unknown.

Xenacoelomorphs are, really, two groups whose similarity was only recognized quite recently. Xenoturbella, a churro-like creature which appears to have been sewed back together, crawls on the deep seafloor in search of hot chocolate food to absorb in its pouch-like gut.

Acoelomorphs are just as simplified, but more varied in appearance. They range from flattened creatures to round worms, with some even being photosynthetic thanks to a symbiotic algae living inside them.

Both lack nearly all internal organs, with no circulatory, respiratory or digestive system. Nonetheless, they possess a statocyst (a gravity-sensing organ) and a simple neural net. It is yet unknown if this is the original bilaterian condition or a later simplification, but it is enough for them to get by!

[patheticmosasaur1]

tonight's invertebrate......amphiscolops

OooOoooOoooOOOooooOoooooo it's a ghost!!!!!!!!

what will this SpoooOooOooOOooky ghost do? he's going to ghost you

oooOooooOooooOOoooOoo scary!!!!!!!

.....spookiness rating: 95.3% SCARY!!!! I AM SHAKING IN MY BOOTS AS I SPEAK!!!!

photograph by Mickey Charteris

[caesarsaladinn]

polychaete taxonomy is terrible because there are ten thousand species, and the way you tell them apart is mostly by checking if the gonopore is present on the thirteenth instead of the seventeenth segment (which narrows it down to only six thousand and a half species!), while acoel taxonomy is terrible because all of the relevant papers were published in 1850-1950, before any kind of genetic analysis, and amount to “yeah it’s a brown teardrop shaped worm, five millimeters long, either a new species or a synonym of six others, good luck out there :)”

[pantestudines]

So uh hey anyone got any good ideas or clues onto what kind of beastie this thing in Baldurs Gate 3 is supposed to be? It looks vaguely mosasaur or pliosaur shaped (I'm leaning pliosaur, both in skull shape, but more because it's vertebrae are acoelous not procoelous) but the more I look at it the more I'm perplexed. Where is its jaw articulating? What's with that brain case? Whys it got that big angular process that extends into its neck? Please friends let me know your thoughts

[o-craven-canto]

Xenacoelomorpha also includes the acoel flatworms, which I believe are the ones @caesarsaladinn​ works on. That group has also been placed in Deuterostomia, the clade that includes both echinoderms (starfish, sea urchins, sea lilies) and vertebrates, in which case the simplicity of their body plan might be a secondary simplification (which is definitely the case for regular flatworms, such as tapeworms and turbellarians) rather than a primitive feature. But I think most classifications now indeed place them basal to all bilaterally symmetrical animals, in which case they probably really are as primitive as they look.

If you want to cause panic among systematic zoologists, mention either Ctenophora (comb jellies) or Xenacoelomorpha.

Ok y’all brace yourselves cuz I just learned about a new animal

Yes, that is an animal. Yes, scientists refer to it as the purple sock worm. No, that’s not it’s real name, silly, it’s real name is Xenoturbella!

When these deep-sea socks were first discovered, no one knew what the fuck they were looking at (and, really, can you blame them?). They have no eyes, brains, or digestive tracts. They are literally just a bag of wet slop. DNA analysis initially seemed to indicate that they were related to mollusks, until the scientists realized that DNA sample was from the clams they had recently eaten (yes, they can eat with no organs. We don’t know how.)

Scientists then analyzed the data again and tentatively placed them in the group that includes acorn worms, saying that their ancestors probably had eyes, brains, and organs, but simplified as a response to their deep sea ecosystems.

Later DNA testing has since shown that they are their own thing! Xenoturbella, along with another simple and problematic to place creature called acoelomorphs, belong to their own phylum called Xenacelomorpha! This places them as the sister group to all bilateral animals. So, they just never evolved brains, eyes, or organs. They are a glimpse at a very primitive form of animal that never bothered to change, because apparently what they do works. Rock on, purple sock worm.

[scottiestoybox]

These Solar-Powered Carnivorous Flatworms Divide and Conquer | Deep Look

Tiny marine flatworms called acoels hunt for prey in coral reefs. They’re referred to as “plant-animals” because they’ve got a partnership with photosynthetic algae that live inside of them. But this acoel’s real superpower is its ability to regenerate any part of its body! Researchers are studying a species of tiny marine flatworm called an acoel that has some surprisingly amazing abilities,…

[covenawhite66]

Stem cells ability to repair, replace and regenerate cells. In most animals and humans, stem cells are limited to generating only specific types of cells.

Pluripotent (aPSCs) meaning they can regenerate virtually any missing cell type, a process known as whole-body regeneration.

Many distantly-related invertebrates like sponges, hydras, planarian flatworms, acoel worms, and some sea squirts have stem cell populations that are pluripotent in adult animals. The study focuses on H. miamia, also known as the three-banded panther worm, is a species that can fully regenerate using aPSCs called “neoblasts.”

The mechanism of how (aPSCs) are produced remains unknown in any species. The focus of past scientific research was the adult organism.

The researchers knew that worm hatchlings contain aPSCs, so reasoned they must be made during embryogenesis. Ricci used transgenesis to create a line that caused embryo cells to glow in fluorescent green due to the introduction of the protein Kaede into the cell.

Is used Hofstenia miamia, a regenerative worm that possesses collectively pluripotent aPSCs called neoblasts and produces manipulable embryos. Lineage tracing and functional experiments revealed that one pair of blastomeres gives rise to cells that resemble neoblasts in distribution, behavior, and gene expression.

[rosarubicondior1]

So, creationists need to decide whether this 'macro-evolutionary' adaptation to photosynthesising in acoels is the result of unintelligent, incompetent design or of a mindless, utilitarian evolutionary process, working without plan, blueprint or objectives.

[drdrdoom]

Conomurex luhuanus, the Strawberry Conch.

How could you not love that face?

(also pictured, red acoel [Convolutriloba retrogemma] flatworms, threadlike tentacles from a terebellid spaghetti worm, Valonia sp. bubble algae, bright pink and green Acropora [species unknown])

[euro-journal-english-news]

The Agony of Defeat (Devices) | (ACOEL) | American College of Environmental Lawyers

The Agony of Defeat (Devices) | (ACOEL) | American College of Environmental Lawyers

I’ve been engaged in issues involving mobile sources for more than 40 years.  For much of that time, most of the environmental bar viewed Title II of the Clean Air Act as something that took up space between Titles I and III and had something to do with cars.  That all changed in 2015, when Volkswagen’s “Dieselgate” scandal burst onto the scene, and the term “defeat device” became a popular…

[quark-nova]

Fun fact: We believed we knew the last common ancestor we had with octopi, but we don't anymore! (They're still not aliens if you're wondering)

To make it short, animals with bilateral symmetry (or which used to have it) are divided in four groups: Xenacoelomorpha (churros, acoels, etc.), Ambulacraria (starfish, sea cucumbers, graptolites, etc.), Chordata (vertebrates, giant flaming tubes, etc.) and Protostomia (everything else from arthropods to molluscs to flatworms)

There are three major hypotheses about how these four groups are related:

Chordata and Ambulacraria are the closest (grouped in Deuterostomia), then together cousins with Protostomia (grouped in Nephrozoa), and then with Xenacoelomorpha. In this case, our common ancestor with octopus is the common ancestor of Nephrozoa.

Xenacoelomorpha and Ambulacraria are the closest (creatively named Xenambulacraria), then together with Chordata (Deuterostomia again), then all together with Protostomia. Which makes our common ancestor with octopus much older, being ancestral to all of Bilateria.

Chordata and Protostomia are cousins (Centroneuralia), while Xenacoelomorpha and Ambulacraria are the other set of cousins (Xenambulacraria). In this case, we're much closer to octopus, being directly cousins outside of our respective groups!

The traditional hypothesis was Deuterostomia-Nephrozoa, but the two others have gained in popularity recently thanks to deeper genetic analysis!

TL;DR: We might be more closely related to octopus (and most invertebrates) than to starfish and sea cucumbers. Or we might not - we're not sure yet! In any case: not aliens.

I cant beleive some people actually think taht octopi are ailiens. Girl we loterally know the last common ancestor we have with them. you can look it up on google

[psikonauti]

Acoel Flatworms (Waminoa sp.) on Bubble Coral (Plerogyra sinuosa)

[caesarsaladinn]

Basil was conspiring with Bardas Phokas to steal millet so I sentenced her to trampling by horses. But my roommate took all the horses so I had to use acoels instead. #selfpityposting #mgs

if my parrot has learned to seance with Cappadocian military magnates, she can have all the millet she wants. I would be ecstatic to meet either of the Bardas Phokases

[magnficientoarfish]

image description: illustrations of two parchment and ink cards, one labeled Tardigrada and the other labeled Xenocoelomorpha

Tardigrada has an illustration of a tardigrade(segmented with multiple legs and an almost pig-like face), shown with a scale to be about 1 millimeter wide. In the upper right corner is an icon with a bouncing ball to represent resiliency. At the bottom, along with the card name, is an icon with multiple legs to represent Animalia(I think). Below the name are the common names (water bears, moss pigletts)

Xenocoelomorpha has an illustration of a xenocoelomorph(simple rod-shaped body plan, having two segments and no protruding parts) shown with a scale to be a bit more than a millimeter wide. In the upper right corner is an icon showing a shape getting smaller, representing reduction. At the bottom, next to the card name, is the same icon that represents Animalia, and below the card name are the names of the subgroups (acoels, xenoturbellids)

end image description

Tardigrada – The Tardigrade card represents resiliency. The ability to persevere through extreme circumstance. In a reading, this card may call for one to act upon internal resiliency and weather through difficulty, or it may be an indication of one's resiliency though a trying time in the past. Consider what gives resiliency and how to embrace it, or respect that which has been shown. Able to withstand cold, heat, and even the vacuum of space, tardigrades, or water bears, are nearly invincible little animals. While these conditions are not comfortable to them, they endure.

Xenacoelomorpha – The Xenacoelomorph card represents reduction. Reduction eliminates unnecessary function and form, and drives something to its most functional essence. As with alchemy, one should consider where one form can be refined into something of greater use through the reduction of redundant or overburdening elements. More than simplicity this is subtraction. The final result may not be much less complex, but it will be finer for reduction of the superfluous. From more complex ancestors, the xenacoelamorphs have derived a simpler existence, their body plan changing from root elements into something tremendously straightforward and practical for their lifestyle with little else.

[hakko319]

石原岳　10月のライブの予定。

2018年10月19日（金）@阿佐ヶ谷 Next Sunday

アコースティックとエレクトロニクスの室内楽 35 「soul effects」

SAWADA　あうん　石原岳　ナスノミツル

18:30 / 19:00　¥2300 + drink (¥500)

http://acoele.tumblr.com http://acoele-en.tumblr.com

◉SAWADA https://www.snaredrumsolo.com

スネア・ドラムのソロ演奏。シンプルな一つの打楽器から、日本の太鼓やアフリカのリズム、モダンなミニマルテクノ風のサウンドなど、聴き手がイメージを広げられる演奏を目指しています。度々ヨーロッパで演奏し、数々のフェスティバルにも招聘されています。

◉あうん http://ahumuha.blogspot.com

赤い日ル女とTommyTommyによるポストノイズユニット。
 2013年、夏に結成。 
TommyTommyが、PCを使わずに膨大な量のエフェクトペダルを操り、 ギタードローン、ループ、ノイズをレイヤーにし、その上を、赤い日ル女の「声」が、ものがたる。
 2014年、夏にリリースされた1stアルバム「ときはなつ」は、Saidera Masteringのウェフ��サイトにて、DSDマスタリングについてのインタビューが掲載される。 (http://saideramastering.blogspot.jp/2014/10/dsd-1.html) 
 同年、赤坂Blitzでライブをおこなう。 TommyTommyはテレビCMなどに多数の音楽を多数作曲している。 赤い日ル女は、2016年と2017年のカールストーン氏のアメリカツアーにデュオとして同行した。

◉ナスノミツル http://teneleven.info

東京アンダーグラウンドシーンの最重要エレクトリックベースマンマシーン。 「MUGAMICHILL」、「アルタードステイツ」、「不失者」、「是巨人」、「ウンベルティポ」等多数のユニットに参加。内面を深く探究すべく多数のソロ作品も精力的に展開中。

[nextsundayprivate]

2018.12.14 (Fri)

アコースティックとエレクトロニクスの室内楽 38 「ふたり」 2018年12月14日（金） @ Next Sunday (Tokyo / Asagaya) http://nextsunday.jp 18:30 / 19:00 ¥2000 + drink (¥500) http://acoele.tumblr.com http://acoele-en.tumblr.com

10年ほど前、ぼく ( 澤田 ) がネクストサンデーで働きはじめた頃、山崎店長が「ふたり」というタイトルで、4組のデュオを集めた企画を組んでいました。その着眼点が面白くて、普段ソロで活動しているアーティストがデュオで演奏する場合のスタンスや、「ふたりだから出来ること」を考えるきっかけになりました。そのアイディアを受け継ぐ形で、店長へのリスペクトを込めて、同じタイトルの企画を組んでみました。今回出演する4組の音楽性はすべて異なっていますが、デュオという形態は共通しています。ぼく自身のユニットを含め、4組とも、何らかの形でネクストサンデーに関わってきてくれたアーティストさん達です。そして、どのユニットもふたりだからこそ生み出すことの出来る音楽を演奏しているように思います。

友達、恋人、結婚、誰かを助けたり、協力し合ったり・・・

社会を構成しはじめる最小単位である「ふたり」について、何かを感じていただけたら幸いです。

----

KOMOREBI https://www.shizukuaosaki.com/komorebi

蒼咲雫（アイリッシュハープ、ボーカル）とSAWADA（スネアドラム）のアコースティック デュオユニット。自然の情景や空気感をテーマに楽曲を作り、即興的な演奏を交えながら聴く人のイメージを広げてゆきます。 2015年から2017年にかけて渡欧。ヨーロッパ各地で演奏活動を行うと同時に、現地の自然の中で五感を広げられる様な表現を模索しました。変わった楽器の組み合わせから生まれる不思議な音世界をお楽しみください。

UZAWA / INOUE http://uzawainoue.wixsite.com/uzawainoue

宇澤とも子(ピアノ)と井ノ上孝浩(ギター)による、作曲と即興の狭間をコンセプトにした音楽ユニット。 共に違うフィールドで活動していた二人が、2015年、元ピナ・バウシュ舞踊団のメンバー達と創り上げた舞台「SOMAプロジェクト」にて初共演。 以来ライヴ、ダンス公演などで演奏。 2017年、1stアルバム「Bound & Dots1.2」発表。

BLUEHOUR + タカスギケイ https://www.dewfallrecords.com/artists/bluehour/ https://takasugik.jimdo.com/

BLUEHOUR：東京を中心に活動しているシンガーソングライター。アコースティックギターによるシンプルな歌。静と動、否定と肯定、相反する感情と哀愁を擁する楽曲���歌声。2015年11月4日Dewfall Recordsより「The Winter」発売中。

タカスギケイ：1 974年生まれ。17歳で渡米。Berklee College of Music卒。在学中Mick Goodrickに師事。2005年ブラジルに渡り活動。帰国後ソロ活動を開始。背景しか描けない絵描きみたいなギタリスト Púca https://pucapuca.jimdo.com

2011年元旦より始動。それぞれシンガーソングライターとしてソロで活動していた二人によるユニット。 関東を中心に、全国のライブハウスやイベントで精力的にライブ活動を行う。ラジオ番組のパーソナリティや番組MCとしても活躍。毎日配信している動画配信アプリSHOWROOMでは、SHOWROOM AWORD2017に2部門ノミネートされるなど活動の場を広げている。 2017年10月にはアルバム『プロペラパンチ』を初のメジャーリリース。 2019年より新体制での活動をスタートさせる。