#Yaxchilan

[kiiintsugiii333]

[dwellerinthelibrary]

The powerful Maya Queen Consort (681-742) Lady Xoc (bottom right; pronounced "Shoke") encounters a Vision Serpent.

[charring58]

#LadyKʼabʼalXook [kʼaɓal ʃoːk] or Lady Xoc (died 742), was a Maya Queen consort of Yaxchilan. She was the principal wife and aunt of King Itzamnaaj Bahlam III, who ruled the prominent kingdom of Yaxchilan from 681 to 742. She is believed by many to have been the sister of Lady Pacal. [citation needed]

[whencyclopedfr]

Religion Maya

Les croyances religieuses mayas reposent sur l'idée que pratiquement tout ce qui existe dans le monde contient du k'uh, ou du sacré. K'uh et k'uhul, des termes similaires qui sont utilisés pour expliquer la spiritualité de toutes les choses inanimées et animées, décrivent la force vitale la plus divine de l'existence. La croyance maya établit la création et la sainteté des êtres humains, de la terre et de toutes les choses sacrées. Cette sainteté divine peut également être traduite dans les mythes de création mayas.

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[incrediblesphere]

Yaxchilan, Mexico: Where Ancient Maya Meet Vibrant Jungle

[gameboymania]

[arality]

london museums/galleries dump 😵‍💫

[aliaskallistei]

Help I broke Peter.

[barbucomedie]

Stone Carveing of King Itzamnaaj Bahlam III from Chiapas, Mexico dated between the 7th and 8th Centuries on display at the National Museum of Anthropology in Mexico City, Mexico

King Itzamnaaj Bahlam III, Shield Jaguar, was king of Yaxchilan now in Chiapas in Mexico. Itzamnaaj was well known for commissioning new buildings and art for the city to promote his image and he reign. Itzamnaaj lived to being 95 and was recorded leading soldiers into battle at 85 though this is debatle and could be propoganda.

Photographs taken by myself 2024

[talonabraxas]

The Labyrinth, Yaxchilan Mayan Ruins Talon Abraxas

[whatevergreen]

Throne with two lords in the eyes of a mountain. Artists: K'in Lakam Chahk and Patlajte' K'awiil Mo[…]. Guatemala, Piedras Negras, Petén. 785CE. Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología, Guatemala City.

"This throne... shows two figures silhouetted in the eyes of an animate mountain, perhaps portraits of King K’inich Yat Ahk III and a courtier named in the text at the top of the throne back."

"... the king was captured in 808 by a rival lord from Yaxchilan, likely responsible for the intentional destruction of the throne. (The blows were aimed at the heads; the present ones were reconstructed in the 1930s.)"

[tanadrin]

One of the random ruler names for the Maya in Age of Empires 2 is Lady Great Skull Zero, and since that’s such a distinctive and interesting name, I’ve been trying this evening to find out what the underlying Maya name is and how it is written. A Google search turns up the Wikipedia page for Lady Eveningstar, whose name is also given as Lady Ik’ Skull of Calakmul. She is the wife of Itzamnaaj B’alam (”Shield Jaguar;” one paper I found gives his regnal number as I, but the Wikipedia page gives it as III; I don’t know why), of the powerful B’alam/Bahlam family, who ruled Yaxchilan. Although not the first wife, her son Yaxun B’alam IV (”Bird Jaguar IV”) succeeded to the throne, after a possible interregnum of ten years or so, in unclear circumstances--most of the history we have here is from monumental inscriptions, and a lot of the details are missing. Ik’ Skull is depicted on Yaxchilan Stela 35.

Yaxun B’alam IV was married to (among others) Ix Chak Joloom, whose name is translated Lady Great Skull. This page shows her name as this:

Incidentally, it shows Ik Skull’s name as this:

While a separate drawing from this collection shows the full name and titles of Ik’ Skull.

It’s really hard for me to tell what are the distinctive features of Maya writing, because each glyph is so complicated, and each square seems to be a combination of 2-3 actual characters, but I think you can identify the basic elements of the short version of the name above in the second square from the left in the larger drawing. Or some of them, at least; there’s a left-facing head with a small mark on the forehead, something that looks like a skull with another symbol on top, and on the right side of the square at the bottom a horizontal glyph that looks like the bottom glyph of the second square on the first drawing. But I’m really not sure! I’d love a more detailed breakdown of how Maya writing functions in practice.

Lady Chak Joloom/Great Skull Zero seems to have been the brother of a sahal, a military chief, also called Chak Joloom/Great Skull Zero. The Chak Joloom lineage seems to have been fairly powerful in Yaxchilan, and may have contributed to Yaxun B’alam IV’s rise to power.

As far as I can tell, “Great Skull Zero” is a fairly literalistic reading of the glyphs that make up the name, not a translation: Mayan glyphs could stand for words, or sounds (usually syllables; but like Linear B, Mayan phonotactics are more complicated than simple CV combinations, so underspelling or overspelling was common), or could be used as phonetic determiners attached to glyphs a la cuneiform, so teasing out which glyph is being used in what way is difficult.

Yaxchilan and Calakmul are both in the southern-middle bit of the Yucatan peninsula. Yaxun B’alam IV succeeded to the rulership of Yaxchilan around 752 CE, at age forty-three; Itzamnaaj B’alam had died around ten years earlier; the nature of the interregnum is not known, and may have involved a power struggle for the throne. In the Old World around this time, the Umayyad Caliphate is being overthrown, and the Ruthwell Cross was being carved in England, just for context.

I’m not sure why Lady Chak Joloom is included in the AoE2 ruler list. She does not seem to have reigned on her own--though it’s conjectured that her mother-in-law, Ik’ Skull, might have been regent during the time between Izamnaaj B’alam’s death and Yaxun B’alam’s accession. I’d also really like to know 1) what the literal meaning of “chak joloom” is, if any; 2) how you get “ik’ skull” from “uh chan” (ix is clear enough--it just means “woman;” sometimes it’s attached to ajaw, “lord” to indicate a noblewoman), and 3) where the “zero” in “Great Skull Zero” comes from. “Eveningstar” as a reading for Ik’ Skull’s name also seems to be a bit of a puzzle--I found a passing reference to a temple inscription involving the phases of Venus? But now I can’t find the page I originally found that on.

[tours2go]

Visit Bonampak with its fascinating murals and high-quality ancient Maya frescoes as the main attractions. The pyramids are surrounded by the colors and sounds of the Jungle of Chiapas called also the Lacandon Forest. Yaxchilán is a splendid setting of an evergreen forest blanketing a magnificent archaeological site famous for its statuary art, stelae, and lintels. The Maya took to building the terrain of a peninsula surrounded by a meandering river. #Tours2Go #ToursToGo

[whencyclopedfr]

Premiers explorateurs de la civilisation maya: John Lloyd Stephens et Frederick Catherwood

Les noms de John Lloyd Stephens et de Frederick Catherwood sont à jamais liés aux Mayas et aux études mayas en tant que deux grands explorateurs qui ont documenté les ruines de Copan, au sud, à Chichen Itza, au nord. Les récits de Stephens dans ses Incidents of Travel in Central America, Chiapas and Yucatan (1841) et Incidents of Travel in Yucatan (1843), complétés par les illustrations de Catherwood, ont attiré l'attention du monde entier sur la civilisation maya. La publication par Catherwood de son livre de lithographies Views of Ancient Monuments in Central America, Chiapas and Yucatan (1844) a renforcé l'intérêt mondial et a permis à la civilisation maya de sortir de l'obscurité et d'entrer dans la conscience mondiale.

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[brookstonalmanac]

Events 5.3 (before 1940)

752 – Mayan king Bird Jaguar IV of Yaxchilan in modern-day Chiapas, Mexico, assumes the throne. 1481 – The largest of three earthquakes strikes the island of Rhodes and causes an estimated 30,000 casualties. 1491 – Kongo monarch Nkuwu Nzinga is baptised by Portuguese missionaries, adopting the baptismal name of João I. 1568 – Angered by the brutal onslaught of Spanish troops at Fort Caroline, a French force burns the San Mateo fort and massacres hundreds of Spaniards. 1616 – Treaty of Loudun ends a French civil war. 1715 – A total solar eclipse is visible across northern Europe and northern Asia, as predicted by Edmond Halley to within four minutes accuracy. 1791 – The Constitution of May 3 (the first modern constitution in Europe) is proclaimed by the Sejm of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. 1802 – Washington, D.C. is incorporated as a city after Congress abolishes the Board of Commissioners, the District's founding government. The "City of Washington" is given a mayor-council form of government. 1808 – Finnish War: Sweden loses the fortress of Sveaborg to Russia. 1808 – Peninsular War: The Madrid rebels who rose up on May 2 are executed near Príncipe Pío hill. 1815 – Neapolitan War: Joachim Murat, King of Naples, is defeated by the Austrians at the Battle of Tolentino, the decisive engagement of the war. 1830 – The Canterbury and Whitstable Railway is opened; it is the first steam-hauled passenger railway to issue season tickets and include a tunnel. 1837 – The University of Athens is founded in Athens, Greece. 1848 – The boar-crested Anglo-Saxon Benty Grange helmet is discovered in a barrow on the Benty Grange farm in Derbyshire. 1849 – The May Uprising in Dresden begins: The last of the German revolutions of 1848–49. 1855 – American adventurer William Walker departs from San Francisco with about 60 men to conquer Nicaragua. 1901 – The Great Fire of 1901 begins in Jacksonville, Florida. 1913 – Raja Harishchandra, the first full-length Indian feature film, is released, marking the beginning of the Indian film industry. 1920 – A Bolshevik coup fails in the Democratic Republic of Georgia. 1921 – Ireland is partitioned under British law by the Government of Ireland Act 1920, creating Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland. 1921 – West Virginia becomes the first state to legislate a broad sales tax, but does not implement it until a number of years later due to enforcement issues. 1928 – The Jinan incident begins with the deaths of twelve Japanese civilians by Chinese forces in Jinan, China, which leads to Japanese retaliation and the deaths of over 2,000 Chinese civilians in the following days. 1939 – The All India Forward Bloc is formed by Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose.

[incrediblesphere]

Yaxchilan, Mexico: Where Ancient Maya Meet Vibrant Jungle