#Who is the top 10 richest in Africa?

[the9jafresh]

Top 10 Richest Men in Africa and Their Net Worth 2022

Top 10 Richest Men in Africa and Their Net Worth 2022

Top 10 Richest Men in Africa and Their Net Worth 2022 Despite the global coronavirus pandemic, Africa’s wealthiest have become wealthier in the last eight years. The continent’s 18 billionaires are worth an estimated $84.9 billion, up 15% from a year ago and the highest total since 2014, when there were 28 African billionaires; the average net worth is higher this year due to the smaller number…

[readyforevolution]

TOP 10 AFRICAN TRIBES/ETHNIC GROUPS THAT ARE GLOBALLY KNOWN.

(In no particular order)

1) Zulu ?? South Africa – The Zulu tribe is popular outside Africa. They’ve been featured in music, documentaries and movies. Shaka the Zulu was a warrior king whose popularity is well spread. Famous Zulus, Lucky Dube, Nasty C, black Coffee etc.

2) Yoruba ?? Nigeria – The Yorubas are globally known for their history, culture, art and literature. Fela, Wole Soyinka, Wizkid, Davido, Tiwa Savage, David Oyelowo, John Boyega, Anthony Joshua etc are a few Yorubas who have taken their culture to the world. The Yoruba culture has been featured in many Hollywood movies.

3) Masai ?? Kenya – The Masai are perhaps one of the most documented tribes in Africa, with alot of documentaries shown about them and books written about their culture.

They are known for their traditional clothing and hunting skills

4) Hausa ?? Nigeria – The hausas are very popular. Often known as the Igbos of the North, The richest black man in the world Aliko Dangote is Hausa along with his brother from the same state Kano Abdulsamad Rabiu (BUA). Their culture has also been well written about and have featured in a few Hollywood movies including the Amazon prime series were a woman was seen eating Tuwo shinkafa.

5) Igbo ?? Nigeria – The Igbos are undeniably known world wide. Chinua Achebe wrote about the Igbo culture alot. They are known for their history, culture and literature.

The popularized the kolanut and palm wine through books, movies and music

Chinwetalu Ejiofor, Zain Asher, Ckay, Flavour, Chimamanda, phyno, P-square are Igbos who have taken their culture to the world. Igbo are known in Nollywood movies.

6) Swahili ?? Tanzania – This tribe have phenomenal spread their language in East Africa and a few central African nations.

In the 70s, their language was part of the African-American black pride movement been pushed forward.

7) Edo/Bini ?? Nigeria – The Binis are perhaps the culture in Africa with the most famous artworks outside Egypt.

Binis are known for their history, culture and art/architecture.

The famous Benin bronze, ivory and brass artworks are known globally. The country Benin republic gets their name from them. Benin art and culture have been featured in Hollywood movies including black panther. Many Nigerian cultures have roots in Benin. The bronze mask of Queen Idia is perhaps the most famous mask in Africa and one of the most famous in the world. Popular Edos are Kamaru Usman, Rema, Odion Jude Ighalo, Victor Osimhen, Dave, Sam Loco Efe etc.

Asante Ghana – This tribe are known for their history and culture. Popular American hip hop artist was named after this tribe Asante. Their Kente is perhaps the most popular African attire outside of Africa and were known to be masters of the gold craft.

9) The Fulani – This nomadic tribes are known for their history and culture. They are predominantly in West Africa and are found in 18 African countries. Most In Nigeria ??

Popular Fulanis or people with Fulani ancestry are Muhammadu and Aisha Buhari, Tafawa Balewa,

10) Berbers/Amazigh – They are predominantly found in North Africa. They are predominantly found in Morocco ?? and Algeria ?? They known for their use of silver silver. Their culture and history well documented and have a unique language and writing system that traces back to ancient Egypt. Books are currently being written about them including a book titled salt by Haitian-American Pascaline Brodeur.

Disclaimer: Every African tribe and culture is beautiful, unique and important. No one culture is more important than the other. This only highlights tribes known outside the continent overall, this doesn’t mean there aren’t other cultures that aren’t known.

PLEASE YOU CAN ADD AND TELL US ABOUT YOUR TRIBE.

[mariacallous]

Qatar spared nothing in its preparation for the 2022 World Cup. Multiple stadiums and sprawling fan facilities were built from scratch—as was the national team, which includes players from Iraq, Sudan, Algeria, and Portugal, among others. Before building the World Cup facilities, Qatar invested in the massive Aspire Academy, a state-of-the-art soccer school and sports district staffed with top instructors from around the world who scout thousands of promising young players starting at age 12 from dozens of countries every year. These foreigners play and train for years knowing that, if they get selected to play for Qatar’s national team, they stand to gain both glory on the field and a rare, coveted Qatari passport.

But Qatar has not simply spent money to import and train a soccer team: It has also redefined the very idea of citizenship. Like most states in the Persian Gulf, Qatar is a majority-foreigner country. There are only about 300,000 actual Qatari passport holders out of a population of nearly 3 million. Pathways to citizenship are notoriously exclusive, and only 50 new citizenships can be granted per year to those personally approved by the emir of Qatar himself. Yet 10 of the 26 players on Qatar’s national soccer team are naturalized citizens.

To comply with FIFA regulations, the entire team consists of Qatari citizens. But these naturalized soccer players are not quite immigrant-origin  national heroes, in the vein of Zinedine Zidane or Zlatan Ibrahimovic.

These immigrant players all carry “mission passports”—documents that confer citizenship for the purposes of sports competition but anthropologist John McManus reports in his book Inside Qatar: Hidden Stories from One of the Richest Nations on Earth that these passports give the holders none of the benefits Qatari citizens hold: no housing assistance, no interest-free loans, no cash assistance for newlyweds, no sinecure government jobs beyond the soccer stadium. Nor are they permanent. A recent report by the Middle East Research and Information Project states that this type of citizenship comes with a built-in expiration date, making these immigrant players’ citizenships temporary as well as second class.

The fact that Qatar has redefined the very nature of citizenship—without fanfare, controversy, and with the sole goal of appeasing FIFA nationality regulations—takes this story of temporary citizen soccer players beyond the realm of Gulf labor exploitation. The creation of an entirely new type of citizen, without the same rights as those who are fully naturalized, places Qatar at the vanguard of a slow-burning but alarming regional trend. The Middle East and North Africa are becoming a kind of citizenship frontier: a region where certainty, permanence, and protection of citizenship is being uniquely and dangerously corroded. And Western countries are enabling this dynamic.

There is very little information about Qatar’s mission passports. The topic is sensitive due to the exclusivity of Qatari citizenship and the scrutiny Qatar has faced from some international sports bodies for its heavy use of recently naturalized players. The Qatari Ministry of Foreign Affairs only mentions mission passports in a press release saying that they can be renewed online. Qatar understands it is under the microscope—FIFA has scrutinized Qatari naturalization policy closely after a minor scandal about the Qatari handball team.

Nobody has been able to determine the exact duration of the passports’ validity, either. Neither the Qatari government nor any of its athletes have been willing to openly discuss the specific duration of this status. Two researchers writing in the International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics determined that temporary citizens are allowed to retain their original nationalities (Qatar normally forbids dual citizenship), but they are never allowed to physically possess both their passports at the same time. Some temporary citizens only see the proof of their Qatari nationality when their coaches show their passports to immigration officials.

McManus reports from conversations with Qatari immigrant players that the mission passports are occasionally upgraded to full Qatari citizenship as a reward for good sports performance. However, some immigrant players who won the Asian Cup for Qatar complained that even a year after their championship, their promised passports were nowhere to be seen. This raises questions about what will happen to the players’ citizenship statuses now that the Qatari team has been knocked out of the World Cup.

It is tempting to see the Qatari mission passports as an outgrowth of the kafala system, the infamously exploitative labor-sponsorship system that has defined much of Gulf society and has been the subject of much of the criticism of Qatar’s 2022 World Cup.

But if one only focuses on this system, one can miss the forest for the trees. The creation of a new, opaquely defined but unambiguously lesser form of citizenship is not a symptom of exploitative labor conditions. It’s a symptom of a regional erosion of citizenship. The difference matters.

The 20th century has given the region its fair share of complicated, conditional citizenship statuses. The Ottoman royal family went into exile stateless, eventually being granted French passports that allowed travel but did not confer citizenship. Kuwait, Qatar, and Bahrain all emerged as states containing substantial populations of bedoon—stateless residents who were not recognized as citizens and were, in some cases, denied even birth certificates.

Most significant of all are the post-1948 populations of Palestinians in Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon, millions of people who were eventually issued identity documents by several governments, such as subvariants of Syrian passports (Syrian travel documents for Palestinian refugees), which looked like and served as passports but faced adamant political insistence from all sides—save Jordan, which eventually largely naturalized Palestinians—that this documentation was not, in fact, citizenship.

Yet as complicated as these citizenship issues were, they were not regionally unique in the 20th century. Tibetans in exile have been granted pseudo-passports—but not citizenship—by India. Residents of American Samoa are “U.S. nationals” not possessing the full rights of citizenship. The disintegration of Yugoslavia left thousands of Roma people stateless. Issues of statelessness and ambiguous citizenship are universal in any part of the world which experiences crisis and conflict.

What is unique to the Middle East region, and what Qatar’s temporary citizenship category is part of, is a more recent, subtle, and pernicious development. Since the 2010s, the Middle East is emerging as a kind of experimental zone where the erosion of citizenship rights can be trialed. While Qatari soccer players are temporary citizens naturalized with an expiration date—even if the details of when their passports expire is not public—Western countries are increasingly comfortable denaturalizing and revoking the citizenship of their own immigrant citizens of Middle Eastern origin when those citizens are accused of terrorist activity in the region.

The very real threats of transnational terrorism and domestic radicalization have emerged simultaneously with a far-right political moment in the United States and Western Europe when some right-populist movements are claiming that Middle Eastern and North African immigrants are somehow not really American, Dutch, or British. Western security intervention in the region has proceeded alongside increasing western entanglement with Gulf nations’ sovereign wealth funds and investment in new fields beyond old relationships based on oil and defense, like urban development and education.

Along with these contemporaneous processes come new loopholes and exemptions when it comes to state sovereignty. The West looks the other way as Gulf states chip away at citizenship norms for expediency, and local governments don’t protest too much when Western governments strand their denaturalized ex-citizens in the region. Especially after the emergence of the Islamic State, with its large contingent of Western, immigrant-origin fighters, the revocation of citizenship became an appealing alternative to long and complicated criminal prosecutions.

When I first worked as a consular officer in India, the conferment of U.S. citizenship was viewed as an almost sacred act. Procedure and regulation emphasized that each case needed to be almost triple-checked, because the decision was essentially permanent. The renunciation of that citizenship was only possible after a deliberately difficult and expensive process explicitly initiated by a U.S. citizen. As in most countries, there are some enumerated crimes—such as a criminal conviction of treason—which can result in loss of citizenship but these are subject to a very high evidentiary standard and occur as the result of a trial. That isn’t quite how it works for everyone everywhere anymore. European citizens who have traveled to the region to fight for the Islamic State have found themselves subject to a revocation process which is, sudden, one-sided, and arbitrary.

In 2018, I was at a working-level meeting of Western diplomats in Ankara, Turkey, called to discuss the difficulty of repatriating U.S. and European citizens stranded in Syria. When I complained about what a headache this process was, a French diplomat honestly asked me why we didn’t just strip them of their U.S. citizenship. My jaw dropped.

Citizenship has been the definitional core relationship between a government and its people ever since the Enlightenment. The French official who recommended denaturalizing inconvenient Americans in Syria must have studied the “Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen” in high school, and he represented a government that holds this fundamental definition of citizenship as constitutional law.

Citizenship is legally and philosophically held to be as essential a marker of identity as parentage or a person’s name. It is not something that should be walked away from easily. And now it was being suggested by a peer over lunch that it would be more convenient to erase that bond out of expediency. He was right to point out that stripping those people of their citizenship would have solved all of my problems. If their actions could be held to make them somehow less American, they would cease to be my responsibility.

Western institutions in the Middle East have led the way in demonstrating that the definition of citizenship can be changed to solve an embarrassing problem, be that one of your citizens swearing allegiance to the Islamic State or the fact that half your national soccer team is foreign. The only similarity between these examples is the place in which they happen: a part of the world where it is felt that these things can be gotten away with. Qatar is not playing games with the meaning of citizenship in a vacuum. To mix sports analogies, Qatar is taking a pass and running it forward.

The erasure of citizenship rights in these cases can be tolerated by international legal regimes because they are considered exceptional. It’s just for some athletes. It’s just for terrorists.

But it doesn’t stay that way: The model, once implemented, is attractive for other uses. No one knows what those might be. Right now, a handful of soccer players for the Qatari national team have been given a temporary, degraded form of citizenship, and this is something FIFA is fine with. But now that Qatar has been eliminated from the World Cup, it’s unclear what will happen to its players. Like them, no one can be sure of what the future holds in regard to Qatar’s limited citizenship.

No one knows if Qatar’s citizenship policy will find other uses: say, if criticism of the kafala system will be mitigated by extending this limited citizenship to some foreign workers. What’s clear is that other forms of temporary or conditional citizenship are all being implemented under similar obscurity. I can imagine a future in which other countries, even Western ones, see the use in the Qatari model and opt to extend limited and contingent citizenship to populations they accept only begrudgingly.

What the world is witnessing in Qatar is an example of conditional citizenship, a term coined by the American author Laila Lalami to describe people who, through a web of big and small prejudices and bureaucratic procedures, have “rights the state finds expendable.” Her work is a critique of the implicit prejudices that can devalue the meaning of citizenship. The treatment of citizenship in the contemporary Middle East is not in any way implicit. In a region that has made it clear that some matter more than others, this kind of conditional citizenship has emerged in an explicit, if embryonic, form. Everyone should be watching closely.

[kp777]

By Robert Reich

The Guardian Opinions

Oct. 2, 2022

On Tuesday, the Congressional Budget Office released a study of trends in the distribution of family wealth between 1989 and 2019.

Over those 30 years, the richest 1% of families increased their share of total national wealth from 27% to 34%. Families in the bottom half of the economy now hold a mere 2%.

Meanwhile, a record share of the nation’s wealth remains in the hands of the nation’s billionaires, who are also paying a lower tax rate than the average American.

How do the ultra-wealthy justify their wealth and their low tax rates? By using three myths – all of which are utter rubbish.

The first is trickle-down economics.

Billionaires (and their apologists) claim that their wealth trickles down to everyone else as they invest it and create jobs.

Really? For more than 40 years, as wealth at the top has soared, almost nothing has trickled down. Adjusted for inflation, the median wage today is barely higher than it was four decades ago.

Trump provided a giant tax cut to the wealthiest Americans, promising it would generate $4,000 increased income for everyone else. Did you receive it?

In reality, the super-wealthy don’t create jobs or raise wages. Jobs are created when average working people earn enough money to buy all the goods and services they produce, pushing companies to hire more people and pay them higher wages.

The second myth is the “free market”.

The ultra-rich claim they’re being rewarded by the impersonal market for creating and doing what people are willing to pay them for.

The wages of other Americans have stagnated, they say, because most Americans are worth less in the market now that new technologies and globalization have made their jobs redundant.

Baloney. Even if they’re being rewarded, there’s no reason why the “free market’ would reward vast multiples of what the rich were rewarded with decades ago.

The market can induce great feats of invention and entrepreneurship with lures of hundreds of thousands or even millions of dollars – not billions.

As to the rest of us succumbing to labor-replacing globalization and labor-saving technologies, no other advanced nation has nearly the degree of inequality found in the United States, yet all these nations have been exposed to the same forces of globalization and technological change.

In reality, the ultra-wealthy have rigged the so-called “free market” in the US for their own benefit. Billionaires’ campaign contributions have soared from a relatively modest $31m in the 2010 elections to $1.2bn in the most recent presidential cycle – a nearly 40-fold increase.

What have they got for their money? Tax cuts, freedom to bash unions and monopolize markets and government bailouts. Their pockets have been further lined by privatization and deregulation.

The third myth is that they’re superior human beings.

They portray themselves as “self-made” rugged individuals who “did it on their own” and therefore deserve their billions.

Bupkis. Six of the 10 wealthiest Americans alive today are heirs to fortunes passed on to them by wealthy ancestors.

Others had the advantages that come with wealthy parents.

Jeff Bezos’s garage-based start was funded by a quarter-million-dollar investment from his parents. Bill Gates’s mother used her business connections to help land a software deal with IBM that made Microsoft. Elon Musk came from a family that reportedly owned shares of an emerald mine in southern Africa.

Don’t fall for these three myths.

Trickle-down economics is a cruel joke.

The so-called free market has been distorted by huge campaign contributions from the ultra-rich.

Don’t lionize the ultra-rich as superior “self-made” human beings who deserve their billions. They were lucky and had connections.

In reality, there is no justification for today’s extraordinary concentration of wealth at the very top. It’s distorting our politics, rigging our markets and granting unprecedented power to a handful of people.

The last time America faced anything comparable was at the start of the 20th century.

In 1910, former president Theodore Roosevelt warned that “a small class of enormously wealthy and economically powerful men, whose chief object is to hold and increase their power” could destroy American democracy.

Roosevelt’s answer was to tax wealth. The estate tax was enacted in 1916, and the capital gains tax in 1922.

Since that time, both have eroded. As the rich have accumulated greater wealth, they have also amassed more political power – and have used that political power to reduce their taxes.

Teddy Roosevelt understood something about the American economy and the ultra-rich that has now re-emerged, even more extreme and more dangerous. We must understand it, too – and act.

[mybharatguru]

A list of investors who helped buy Twitter as a result of the US arbitrator's order

Elon Musk’s company has released a list of investors that helped it acquire Twitter as a result of a US arbitrator’s order. A news package about it. Elon Musk, one of the world’s top 10 richest people, has been a man who has never been immune to controversy. Elon Musk, who was born in South Africa, went on to start SpaceX, a space transportation services company, along with PayPal. Elon Musk,…

[kspp]

Rich nations and poor governments

Waking up to a headline that read that India is currently one of the most unequal countries in the world, along with Russia and China, didn’t come as a shock. It has become a routine phenomenon to come across articles telling stories of mass poverty engulfing the country, especially post the COVID health emergency which significantly depleted household wealth and savings of people.

The ‘World Inequality Report 2022’ states that the top 1% in India own 33% of average household wealth; the top 10% own 65% and the bottom 50% own only 6% of the pie.

This is not the first of such headlines which indicate that the poor are becoming poorer. UNDP’s Multidimensional Poverty Index 2021, ranks India at 66 out of 109 nations, much lower than other middle-income nations like Brazil (33), South Africa (42), Mexico (43), and China (32). The report states that by using the conventional monetary poverty line of $1.90 per day, 22.5% of India’s population are poor and 19.3% of the population are close to the multidimensional poverty line, and so are very prone to any shocks.

Did this just make you think that India is now a poor country? The answer is no. Our private wealth has increased from 290% in 1980 to 560% in 2020.

The World Inequality Report states in this context, that while “Nations have become richer, Governments have become poorer.” The share of the public wealth, defined as the sum of all financial and non-financial assets, held by the government net of debt, has now dropped from above 50% in the 1970s to close to zero or is even negative for most rich countries.

In India, the government doesn’t seem to have money for paying ex-gratia to the families of COVID victims who were sole breadwinners for their families. The Center’s flagship rural employment guarantee program, the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005 (MGNREGA) was allocated 34% less funds for 2021-22. This is despite the pandemic propelling a mass reverse migration and massive unemployment in the countryside. All of the fiscal packages doled out during the pandemic were designed to give support to manufacturing and exports, the benefits of which were expected to slowly trickle down to the common man. No temporary monetary help was given to the unemployed or to the ones who had to return to their villages after having lost their jobs.

While most emerging economies have a government debt of around 40%-50% of their GDP, in India, government debt is almost 75% of the GDP. Elevated taxes on fuel prices pinching the pockets of people and reduced budgetary allocations to health and education have only helped in aggravating socio-economic differences, while our sovereign debt is skyrocketing.

Although the government is reeling under the burden of debt and plagued by a fiscal deficit, India still remains the 5th richest country in the world with a $2.27 trillion economy and with the world’s 3rd highest number of billionaires at 140. The private sector owns most of the wealth and capital in India. The liberalization and deregulation from 1991 which opened up the economy to LPG (Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization) freed the private sector and led to the creation of more private wealth. But now, we see trends of monopolization of wealth and capital which has been substantiated time and again by various reports.

The World Inequality Report states that in rich countries, public wealth typically amounted to 15-30% of total wealth in the early 1980s but these values have dropped to near 0% in most rich countries, and to around -10 to -20% in the US and the UK. Zero or negative public wealth values mean that private actors control the whole of the economy through their own assets. The higher the debt of the government the greater is the power of debtors over it. Needless to say that the public debt in India is 75% of the GDP.

In August, the government announced a scheme to monetize assets to realize 6 trillion INR by 2024-25 due to revenue shortfall. The sale of the debt-ridden Air India was one of the first assets to be monetized. The fact that it was sold for crumbs indicates how desperate the government was to sell it off. The National Monetisation Pipeline was started to support the National Infrastructure Pipeline, which means we now need to sell public assets to fund infrastructure projects in the country.

However, there is some confusion since the Finance Minister has announced that the assets would still be owned by the government and they have to be handed back after some time. Nobody knows how to practically operationalize something like this, and also who should bear the cost of depreciation of assets built with taxpayer money.

As India marches ahead to realize its dreams of becoming a $5 trillion economy by 2025, and realizing its ambitious climate goals announced at the COP26, our rich nation has to step up and support its poor government not just in building infrastructure but also in delivering social and economic justice to the poor. The middle class have always been the backbone of our economy; let us not follow the footsteps of the Central and Latin American Banana Republics or some of our South Asian neighbors where the co-existence of poverty and oligarchy lead to crimes, law & order problems, and social upheavals.

Reference links –

WORLD INEQUALITY REPORT 2022>

The 2021 Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)

Press Information Bureau

[realjaysumlin]

I will speak to you in an easy way, not like a silly person in fancy clothes talking to educators of the future. I'm as common as the village idiot and this is my natural self.

Africa is the richest continent on our planet and the most exploited continent on our planet. Christianity provided this great wealth to all European nations and the America's, at the expense of all Black Indigenous Nations demise. When you give your thanks and praises to Jesus Christ, you are raising the white man as your lord and savior, and the white don't give a shit about you and all Black Indigenous Nations.

They rejoice in your sufferings and don't care about your cries for equality, when they would rather see all Black People dead or exploited to serve their purpose. Please, overlook my bad grammar today, because I'm typing with emotions and my wife isn't here proofreading what I'm writing today.

You all know the saying "behind every man who look to seem smart, has a wife who is truly the smart one." I'm no exception to this fact. As a retired wholesale banker and former educator, I am diligently striving to impart knowledge to our community. I hope you will follow me in my upcoming blogs, because I wish to share what we can do to wage economic wars on our oppressors, it's time for us to break these mother-fuckers.

[sageglobalresponse]

Quiet sides of wealthy Nigerians

Mike Adenuga

According to the Forbes list of African billionaires for 2020, Mike Adenuga, the founder of Globacom and the Chairman of Conoil Producing, is the third richest person in Africa. The astute businessman built his fortune in telecommunications and oil exploration.Adenuga’s name not only resonates among his peers but is also mentioned by musicians who can’t seem to get enough of using him as a reference when praying for financial breakthrough. However, with all the buzz around him, the 67-year-old not only lives a quiet life, he is not also seen in social circles. Some years ago, when one of his children got married, it was reported that the oil major instructed guests not to take any photos at the classy but private wedding. Adenuga guards his privacy so jealously that according to reports, only select members of his staff have access to him.

Fola Adeola

Guaranty Trust Bank Plc is arguably one of the most popular new generation banks in Nigeria. Its tentacles are also spread outside the ‘giant of Africa’ as it has branches in 10 other African countries.However, not much is known about one of the brains behind the financial institution― Fola Adeola. Apart from the fact that the serial entrepreneur is scarcely seen at society parties, his wife, Hajara, and their six children also live very low-key lifestyles. His wife’s modest is further proof that the couple does not want to live in the full glare of the public.Adeola was 34 when she and the co-founder of the bank, the late Tayo Aderinokun, applied for a banking licence in 1988, and the rest, as they say, is history.

Adedeji Adeleke

A lot of people only got to hear about the reserved businessman, Adedeji Adeleke, through his superstar son, David, popularly known as Davido.Born on March 6, 1957, the senior Adeleke is the founder and president of Adeleke University. He is also the Chief Executive Officer of Pacific Holdings Limited. Although two of Adedeji’s brothers have held top political positions in the past, he has still managed to keep a low profile.His son’s popularity has undoubtedly put the spotlight on him over the years as Davido regularly sings and talks about his father’s wealth. Unlike others of his ilk, Adeleke is one billionaire who is not often seen amidst the crème de la crème but Davido, the self-proclaimed ‘omo baba olowo (child of a rich man)’, is certainly doing that for him.

Leo ‘Stan’ Ekeh

Leonard Ekeh can be described as one of the most successful technopreneurs to have come out of Africa. He has carved a niche for himself in the information technology sector and is still working hard to make more impact. Many years ago, the smart entrepreneur rightly predicted that ICT would occupy an important position in the world’s economy and he decided to toe that path. It won’t be out of place to say that Ekeh’s foresight has helped him to quickly adapt to changes in the world market and conveniently utilise new technologies to his advantage.He founded Zinox Technologies Limited in 2001 and the company.

Pascal Dozie

Even as an octogenarian, business magnate, Pascal Dozie, is numbered among the richest men in Imo State and Nigeria as a whole. With a net worth estimated by Forbes to be at $1bn, there is no gainsaying the fact that he has had a successful career.Dozie began his career as an economist at the National Economic Development Office in the United Kingdom. He was also a part-time lecturer at the North Western Polytechnic, London. Between 1970 and 1971, he served as a consulting economist at the African States Consulting Organisation in Uganda. In 1971, after quitting his job in Uganda, he relocated to Nigeria at the request of his mother. Armed with his experience in econometrics and industrial engineering, the enterprising businessman launched his first company, African Development Consulting Group, which later gave birth to Diamond Bank.Dozie was the Chairman of MTN Nigeria for 18 years before he, alongside five other non-Executive Directors, left their positions in 2019. The savvy entrepreneur has five sons and he is gradually handing over the reins of the business he painstakingly built to his eldest son, Uzoma, who was the Group Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of Diamond Bank before the financial institution’s merger with Access Bank.The wealthy entrepreneur keeps a low-key profile and seemingly shies away from anything that is not about business.

Ibukun Awosika

She is the Chairman of First Bank of Nigeria; founder of the Chair Centre Group; and co-founder and past chairperson of the Women in Business, Management and Public Service. With that, it is evident that Awosika is not a small fry by any standards. The brilliant businesswoman also chairs a number of corporate and not-for-profit boards including Gems Africa, House of Tara International, Cadbury Nigeria Plc, Digital Jewel Limited, Convention on Business Integrity and the Afterschool Graduate Development Centre― a facility she promoted to help address youth employability and enterprise issues in Nigeria. She used to be the Chairman of FBN Life Assurance Limited, FBN Capital Limited and Kakawa Discount House Limited. She also served on the board of the Nigerian Sovereign Investment Authority.

Abdulsamad Rabiu

Kano-born business tycoon, Abdulsamad Rabiu, made his fortune as the owner of BUA Cement Plc and that has earned him an enviable spot on the list of billionaires in Africa. He is also the chairman of the Bank of Industry. On July 7, 2020, Forbes estimated Rabiu’s wealth to be $3.2bn, placing him at the 716th position in the global billionaire’s club.

Jim Ovia

Jim Ovia can be described as a very private person, though he is the founder of a public limited company, Zenith Bank Plc, which happens to be one of the most profitable financial institutions in the country.A 58-year-old native of Agbor in Delta State, Ovia keeps his family off the social media radar and shields his private life jealously. He started his banking career in 1973 as a clerk at Union Bank. He worked for three years as a bank clerk before moving to the United States of America, where he obtained his Bachelor and Master degrees. Called ‘The godfather of Nigerian banking’ in banking circles, Ovia transformed Zenith from a small commercial bank into a formidable financial conglomerate, that boasts of over 500 branches and business offices in all states of Nigeria, as well as subsidiaries in the United Kingdom, United Arab Emirates, Ghana, Sierra Leone, The Gambia and China.

[rnnonline]

Top 10 Richest Female Musicians In Africa (2023)

Who are the richest female musicians in Africa? Just like we have the most popular and talented male musicians who work endlessly to get to the top the same way we have female artists who work tirelessly to get to the top too. This justifies the saying that what a man can do, a woman can do it too. A lot of female musicians in different countries of Africa are a true definition of a rich artist.…

[thebeetalks]

Meet the Top 10 Richest African Musicians of 2023 here!

[ashleighebe26]

Lecture - Critical Thinking 2

In our lecture were looking at the current social changes and the impact they have fashion and textiles. Throughout the presentation we are identifying the historical links between technology, world events and social changes that have influenced fashion and textiles.

There are six key causes of fashion and textiles Sustainability, consumerism, innovation, division of wealth, social media, and politics and power.

Cause and effect – this are the relationship between events or things where one is the result other or the others.

We were asked who thought the most powerful people in the world and I thought people like Trump and Putin were quite powerful but in a negative way but then you also have people like Joe Biden being the current president of America. We then found out that the top 10 most powerful in world from 2020 were Xi Jingping (China’s president), Vladmir Putin (Russia’s president), Angela Merkel, Pope Francis, Donald Trump, Jeff Bezos, Bill Gates, Larry Page, Narendra Modi, and Mark Zuckerburg, and looked at the list of most powerful women during 2022 from Forbes&McGrath.

We then looked at what some of these people have actually done and what they have actually done, like looking at Xi Jingping to help broaden his power he amended constitution as well as scrapping term limits Moving on to Putin who set up constitutional challenges which then allowed him to remain in power in Russia beyond 2024 and Kamila Harris being the first black person and first South Asian-American to become US vice president.

Hyper normalisation – this is a term created by an historian Alexei Yurchak reflecting on deep corruption in Russia during the eighties.

Moving on to division of wealth, ‘richest 1% bag nearly twice as much wealth as the rest of the would put together over the past two years, Oxfam 2023. Whilst billionaire’s fortunes are increasing there are billions of workers that live in countries where inflation is outpacing wages.

Global inequality = poverty and social conflict

Looking at the global wealth pyramid of the distribution in 2021 you can see that the percentage of people that earned less than $10.000. We then talked about MENA (Middle East North Africa) is the most unequal region in the world as well as Europe has the lowest inequality levels and how wealth inequalities have increased at the very top of distribution as the rise in private wealth has been unequal within countries and around the world. When looking at consumerism and division of wealth the 1990s hush puppies’ revival was a tipping point as during 1994, they were selling around 30,000 shoes a year and by the end of 1995 430,000 shoes were sold. During the late 1994 – 95 hipsters in downtown Manhattan adopt shoes making the cool in bar and clubs and in 96 hush puppies won a prize for the best accessory for the Council of Fashion Designers.

Tipping point – that magic moment when ideas, trends and social behaviour cross threshold, tip and spread like wildfire. Abacus, 2010.

“Why even the pandemic couldn’t kill fast,” as online clothing sales recover in wake of Covid-19, our unsustainable habit is proving hard to quit, Bootle 2020. As we weren’t allowed to be out shopping as much as we wanted during covid people most of their time doing online shopping and apps like TikTok were really popular and people were and still are promoting different brands meaning people were most likely to buy something that is being promoted and is going viral. Online clothing sales in August 2020 were up 97% vs 2016 consumer’s mindset is returning to unsustainable habits. Looking at Boohoo their profit went up by 50% during the pandemic, shrugging off their scandal.

Moving onto innovation and the use of technology and the development of robots as we have augmented reality and digital rendering used for fashion shows during the pandemic and Khaite merging AR, film and traditional mediums and sending presentation boxes to editors and buyers which would include lookbooks and fabric samples with QR codes revealing fashion like films and AR 3D renderings. Next was the use of social media and how it uses persuasive technology to manipulate the product and people and as well as praying on our addiction. The way we are manipulated through use of social media, is that all social media actions are recorded building a model of each of us, enabling the technology to predict our behaviour and the fact that machine learning algorithms are constantly improving engaging more interactions are constantly improving engaging more interactions and mobiles being digital pacifiers if uncomfortable, lonely, or afraid. After going through the six different points that would make up our brand, we got into our groups to then think out how they could potentially affect our brand.

Focusing on these six point within our brand, when trying to stay sustainable we want to be able to rework and upcycle street wear by using deadstock fabrics and clothes and doing this means that we will be able to help reduce where these old clothes and fabrics are going. A good example of this is Ronald Van Der Kemps SS23 Couture collection inspiring our brand to become more effective with the use deadstock and leftover materials.

The idea that 85% of consumer’s think about sustainability will help our brand to grow as we will be able to target people who want some personalisation and individualism within their clothes. Within power and politics, in the modern era, powerful environmental activist Zoe Helene states the issues of the impacts of global warming. As the fashion industry is one of the biggest industries that effects global warming being able to create  a brand where sustainability is a big focus helps give us a strong and powerful influence as well as helping us grow with our consumers for the right reasons. We would also like to work alongside with The UN Alliance for sustainable fashion organisation. Looking at the division of wealth, we want our brand to be affordable by using deadstock fabrics, but this also means that there will be a limited number of garments produced but then using deadstock fabrics is usually cheaper to buy rather than ordering fabrics that are made to order. The use of social media could affect us negatively massively as there would most likely be a false image of perfection influenced by brands and influencers. This could also cause our brand to have a small following for people to feel inclusive and where they can express themselves without being pressured to aspire to a false persona of perfection. Lastly, we currently don’t have any plans to include technology within our brand but it’s we could plan for the future.

We then were left to talk within our brands after sharing our ideas with the rest of the class. The trend that we finally chose for our brand is prepare- wear and the main focus of that trend is to have adjustable features within closes, quite literally the idea that we aren’t meant to fit into our clothes, our clothes are meant to fit us. Doing this gives our customers the freedom to adjust their clothes to however they want it to fit on them. We want to the colour palette to be dark and have that grunge feel to it and looked into a charity called the Wonder Foundation that could also help with promotion.

[the9jafresh]

Top 10 Richest Musician In The World and Their Net Worth (2022)

Top 10 Richest Musician In The World and Their Net Worth (2022)

Top 10 Richest Musician In The World and Their Net Worth (2022) Who are the world’s top ten musicians? The world is blessed with a plethora of musicians who specialize in various genres of music. These musicians make money by selling records, getting endorsements, selling show tickets, going on tours, and so on. If you want to be one of the top wealthiest singers, you must work harder, overcome…

[readyforevolution]

West Africa top Facts 🇧🇯 🇳🇬 🇳🇪 🇬🇲 🇲🇱 🇱🇷 🇨🇻 🇸🇱🇬🇭

1. Benin 🇧🇯 is named after the body of water on which it lies – the ‘Bight of Benin’.

People of the country do not like to be photographed. They believe that a photograph can be used to cast a sell or a course.

2. The Benin Empire of Nigeria 🇳🇬 was one of the oldest and most highly developed states in west Africa, dating back to the 11th century. The walls of Benin City and its surrounding kingdom were a man-made marvel described as “the world’s largest earthworks prior to the mechanical era”.

3. In Benin 🇧🇯, With over twelve thousand students enrolled, the University of Benin in Cotonou is the only post secondary institution in the country.

4. Nigeria 🇳🇬 has the highest GDP in Africa

5. Nigeria 🇳🇬 has the largest population in Africa

6. Nigeria's 🇳🇬 Lagos city is the largest city in West Africa

7. The Gambia 🇬🇲 once sat at the centre of the slave trade, Kunte Kinte Island, formerly known as James Island, was once a major waypoint of the transatlantic slave trade.

8. Gambia 🇬🇲 Is named after the River Gambia, one of West Africa's major rivers.

9. In Gambia 🇬🇲 During elections, Gambians vote using marbles.

10. Gambia 🇬🇲 Is the smallest country in mainland Africa.

11. Gambia 🇬🇲 is known for the beaches along its small Atlantic coastline and for being home to Jufureh (Juffure), the reputed ancestral village of Kunta Kinte.

12. Burkina Faso 🇧🇫is a leader in African art and culture and hosts the largest craft market in Africa.

13. Burkina Faso 🇧🇫is Africa’s largest producer of cotton.

14. In Burkina Faso 🇧🇫Gold is Burkina Faso’s main export, followed by cotton and animal products.

15. Sierra Leone 🇸🇱is rich in mineral deposits, especially diamonds, and has long relied on the mining industry

16. In Mali 🇲🇱, Mansa Musa, was Mali's ever greatest ruler who was estimated to be the richest man ever in the world

17. Niger 🇳🇪 is considered one of the hottest

[ank01-fan]

Cricket: Expanded IPL returns to India with COVID curbs - Al Jazeera English

Galaxy of top names and two new franchises expand the world’s richest cricket competition to 10 teams for its 15th edition. The Indian Premier League returns for its biggest season on Saturday, with a galaxy of top names and two new franchises expanding the world’s richest cricket competition to 10 teams for its 15th edition. But crowds in the cricket-crazy nation will, initially at least, be limited to 25 percent capacity with group games restricted to four venues – one in Pune and three in Mumbai. The venues for the three playoff matches and the May 29 final are yet to be announced. International T20 greats such as Australia’s David Warner and England’s Jos Buttler will be back for two months of high-octane cricket, but fellow Englishman Ben Stokes and West Indies veteran big-hitter Chris Gayle are big names who will be missing. The teams will be divided into two groups of five, based on their previous IPL records, for a 70-match regular season that promises to be the first completed entirely in India since 2019 because of the coronavirus pandemic. “This season is going to be with crowds and we are hoping to have full capacity soon,” Arun Dhumal, treasurer of the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI), told AFP news agency. “The new teams bring a lot of excitement and after the player auction, in a way, all the teams are new. There is a lot of new blood and we are hoping that it will be exciting for the players and the fans.” The 10 teams splurged $75m to buy 204 players in last month’s auction with Mumbai Indians bringing back Ishan Kishan for a whopping $2m. England batter Liam Livingstone was the most expensive overseas player, costing the Punjab Kings $1.52m to bolster their bid for a first IPL title. The two new teams, set up at a combined cost of a staggering $1.6bn, are Gujarat Titans, owned by United States venture capital fund CVC, and Lucknow Super Giants, backed by Indian tycoon Sanjiv Goenka. The Rohit Sharma-led Mumbai Indians have been the most successful IPL team, winning a record five titles in 2013, 2015, 2017, 2019 and 2020. Chennai Super Kings, led by veteran former India captain Mahendra Singh Dhoni, are the defending champions and will open the season against Kolkata Knight Riders, owned by Bollywood megastar Shah Rukh Khan, at Mumbai’s Wankhede Stadium on Saturday. The two-month extravaganza will see 74 matches in all with teams coached by some of cricket’s former greats including Australians Ricky Ponting and Tom Moody, Stephen Fleming of New Zealand and Mahela Jayawardene of Sri Lanka. Debutants Gujarat Titans have snapped up highly-rated spinner Rashid Khan of Afghanistan, but the explosive pace of England’s Jofra Archer may not be on display for Mumbai Indians after he missed the Ashes in Australia with an elbow injury. Of the home superstars, Virat Kohli will be under pressure after stepping down as captain of India and enduring, by his lofty standards, a lean spell with the bat having not scored an international century since November 2019. Having tried and failed to win the IPL title for nine seasons as skipper of Royal Challengers Bangalore, “King Kohli” has also stepped aside with South Africa’s Faf du Plessis taking charge. “(Kohli) doesn’t look that confident but he also needs a bit of luck. I am sure you will enjoy the same Virat, batting very freely, very dominating,” Vijay Lokapally, a veteran journalist and a Kohli biographer, told AFP. “And it’s good if we expect him to excel every time, it speaks for the respect he has in the cricket world.” The tournament began in India in April last year but had to be suspended at the halfway point a month later as COVID-19 infections surged across the country. It eventually resumed in September in the United Arab Emirates, with Chennai Super Kings beating Kolkata Knight Riders in the final on October 15 in Dubai. The pandemic also forced the IPL to be played in the UAE in 2020. Follow Al Jazeera English: source Read the full article

[mirrorreview]

Top 10 Richest Players in the World with Staggering Incomes!

Players and athletes have been building their fortune with a lucrative sports career and outstanding brand endorsement deals. The richest player in the world not only has a distinct professional career but has multiple brand deals and also his own line of fashion brands and hotels!

We have curated a list of the top richest players in the world who have built a massive fortune with global brand deals and business ventures owned by them. Are you curious to find out who is the richest player in the world? (Hint: He is the face of the most popular sneaker brand!)

10. Handre Pollard (Rugby)

Net Worth: $1-5 Million

Sponsors: Nike and Land Rover.

Handre Pollard is one of the competent and remarkable rugby players in South Africa. He endorses a staggering rugby career and has won and participated in several international matches. Being a renowned player, Handre has several brand endorsements with various global brands. He is considered one of the richest rugby players in the world who has won multiple team as well as individual awards. In 2014, he was nominated for the Player of the Year Award.

9. Mike Trout (Baseball)

Net Worth: $60 Million

Sponsors: BodyArmor SuperDrink, Subway, Rawlings, Land Rover, SuperPretzel, Nike

Michael Nelson Trout has become a household name for baseball. Trout’s rare athletic abilities and sportsmanship have earned him the title of one of the greatest baseball players. Moreover, his stellar performance has also earned multiple contracts from top-notch brands—making him a multi-millionaire at a very young age.

[fatehbaz]

On soil degradation and the use of non-native plants as weapons to change landscapes and sever cultural relationships to land; and on the dramatically under-reported but massive scale of anthropogenic environmental change wrought by early empires and “civilizations” in the Bronze Age, Iron Age, and ancient world (including the Fertile Crescent, Rome, and early China): I didn’t want to add to an already long post.

This is a Roman mosaic, from when Rome controlled Syria, depicting an elephant (presumably the Asian species, Elephas maximus) interacting with a tiger (the Caspian tiger, a distinct subspecies of tiger, lived in Mesopotamia, the shores of the Black Sea, and Anatolia up until the mid-1900s). This mosaic is striking to me, because I guess you could say that this is clear evidence of the higher biodiversity and more-dynamic ecology of the Fertile Crescent in the recent past, until expanding militarism and empire led to extensive devegetation. After all, does the popular consciousness really associate elephants and tigers with the modern-day eastern Mediterranean and Anatolia? Not really. But for the majority of human existence, lions, tigers, elephants, and cheetah were all living alongside each other in Mesopotamia. Pretty cool.

Anyway, I wanted to respond to this:

Which was in response to a thing I posted:

Pina: Thanks for the addition! I don’t know much about the technicality Rome’s devegetation of the Mediterranean periphery, but - like you - I’ve read some cool articles about it, and then forgotten to bookmark them. (I know that I have at least one good article in print form, about Roman devegetation; I’m going to try to find it.) I’m glad you mentioned it!

The first image is in the public domain and depicts a rhino-shaped ritual wine vessel made of bronze, from about 1100 to 1050 BC, during the Shang era. (The piece is housed at the Asian Art Museum of San Francisco.) The second image is another bronze wine vessel from a site in Shaanxi Province, this time inlaid with gold and hailing from later in history during the Western Han period, about 205 BC to 10 AD. (Photo by Wikimedia user Babel/Stone.) The rhinos in both of these pieces are depicted with two horns, meaning that they likely depict the Sumatran rhinoceros; this is corroborated by the existence of fossil remains of Sumatran rhinos from across China prior to 1000 AD.

On devegetation in the ancient world:

Yes, it feels like the ecological effects of empires prior to the Middle Ages are not just “under-discussed,” but dramatically overlooked. Some “quintessential and iconic African fauna” like lions and cheetahs lived throughout the Fertile Crescent, until devegetation during the late Bronze Age and, a few centuries later, the ascent of Rome. Caspian tigers (a distinct subspecies of tiger) also lived nearby, in Anatolia, the Caucasus, the shores of the Black Sea, and Persia - right up until the 20th century, in fact! (Other iconic species present on the periphery of ancient Mesopotamia were Asian elephants; leopards are still present.) Aside from the devegetation of the Fertile Crescent and the later landscape modifications of Rome, I also don’t see a lot of popular discussion (there is academic discussion, though, obviously) of ecological change in Zhou-era and early imperial China, either. While early Mesopotamia is famous for the amount of social prestige ascribed to irrigators and engineers, who were evidently essential to maintaining the domesticated crops so important to “hydraulic civilization,” early China (apparently) also revered irrigators and engineers. At least according to folklore and written histories, before the Han period, seasonal floods, especially in the Yangtze watershed, would regularly destroy human settlements. Also, there far more tigers, leopards, rhinos, and elephants present; rhinos and elephants lived as far north as the Yellow River until empire really expanded, and the animals lived as far north as the Yangtze River into the European Renaissance era. So, those people with the technical expertise to “tame the wilderness” by damming rivers or calming floodwaters were given prestige and sometimes treated as folk heroes. [Chinese history is not a subject that I really know a lot about. I’m just relaying the observations made in one of the better books on environmental history in East Asia, which is Mark Elvin’s The Retreat of the Elephants - 2006.]

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On empires’ use of soil degradation to “sever connections to land” and “indirectly” destroy alternative or resisting cultures:

Seems that empire uses ecological degradation to enact a “severing of relations” (in Zoe Todd’s words). Basically: If you destroy somebody’s gardens, then they have to come to you to buy food. Furthermore, destroying someone’s connection to land will also harm their cultural traditions rooted in that land, eliminating a threat to the imperial cultural hegemony and erasing “alternative possibilities and futures” from the collective imaginary. (And destroying the imagination doesn’t just harm the invaded cultures, it also prevents the relatively privileged people living in the metropole or imperial core from “achieving consciousness” or whatever, wherein someone living in 150 AD Rome or 1890s New York City might imagine an alternative system and potentially dismantle the empire from within.)

It’s violence; destroying soil, cutting forests, it’s violence. But when empires destroy soil, they get to maintain a little bit of plausible deniability: “Ohhh, it’s not like we outright killed anybody, we just accidentally degraded the soil and now you can’t grow your own food. Damn, guess you have to rely on our market now, which also means you have to assimilate/integrate into our culture.”

Europe, the US, and the World Bank did this in West Africa after “independence.” They said “oh, yea, sure, we’ll formally liberate you from colonial rule.” But since the palm and sugar plantations were already installed, and many of the ungulate herds of the savanna had already been killed, what were new West African nations supposed to do? Miraculously resurrect the complex web of microorganism lifeforms in the soil? So what the US and its proxies are essentially doing is saying: “If you want loans, you have to keep the plantations and also install supermarkets to sell Coca-Cola.”

Todd: “The Anthropocene as the extension and enactment of colonial logic systematically erases difference, by way of genocide and forced integration and through projects of climate change that imply the radical transformation of the biosphere. Colonialism, especially settler colonialism – which in the Americas simultaneously employed the twinned processes of dispossession and chattel slavery – was always about changing the land, transforming the earth itself, including the creatures, the plants, the soil composition and the atmosphere.” [Heather Davis and Zoe Todd. “On the Importance of a Date, or Decolonizing the Anthropocene.” ACME An International Journal for Critical Geographies. December 2017.]

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On the use of non-native plants as a sort of “biological weapon”:

The use of non-native plants and agriculture to enforce colonization and empire is the whole focus of this influential book from Alfred Crosby. (I have some issues/criticisms of some of his work/theories, but his work is generally interesting.) Crosby popularized the term “neo-Europes,” and he proposes that European empires attempted to subjugate the native ecology of landscapes in Turtle Island, Latin America, Australia, etc., while attempting to introduce European species, cattle ranches, pastures, dairy farms, gardens, etc. in an effort to “recreate” a European landscape.

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Speaking of Rome’s devegetation of the Mediterranean: One of the famous cases of Roman devegetation that made the rounds recently was that of silphium. A couple of excerpts:

[From: The Original Seed Pod That May Have Inspired the Heart Shape This historical botanical theory has its roots in ancient contraceptive practices.” Cara Giaimo for Atlas Obscure, 13 February 2017.]

Silphium, which once grew rampant in the ancient Greek city of Cyrene, in North Africa, was likely a type of giant fennel, with crunchy stalks and small clumps of yellow flowers. From its stem and roots, it emitted a pungent sap that Pliny the Elder called “among the most precious gifts presented to us by Nature.”

According to the numismatist T.V. Buttrey, exports of the plant and its resins made Cyrene the richest city on the continent at the time. It was so valuable, in fact, that Cyrenians began printing it on their money. Silver coins from the 6th century B.C. are imprinted with images of the plant’s stalk -- a thick column with flowers on top and leaves sticking out -- and its seed pods, which look pretty familiar: 

[End of excerpt.]

Silphium is extinct now. There is a lot of conjecture about what, specifically, caused the extinction. But it looks like the expansion of Rome across the North African coast of the Mediterranean, and Rome’s development leading to soil degradation, is a likely cause.

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Thanks @pinabutterjam​  :3

The scale of ecological imperialism’s effects ... planetary, no escape. It’s exhausting.