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One-off Chopsticks Market key players insight & growth drivers analysis 2021

The latest report published by Profshare Market Research projects that One-off Chopsticks Market is expected to show impressive CAGR of 7.9 % between 2019-27. The study covers detail market analysis, growth and forecast of the One-off Chopsticks Market. The report includes market analysis on global as well country specific level. Historical data analysis from 2015 to 2019 is very important to forecast market for 2019 to 2027.

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Major players in the One-off Chopsticks Market are identified through secondary research and their market revenues determined through primary and secondary research. Secondary research included the research of the annual and financial reports of the top manufacturers; whereas, primary research included key opinions of leaders and industry experts. The percentage splits, market shares, growth rate and breakdowns of the product markets are determined through using secondary sources and verified through the primary sources.

Research report includes the extensive use of primary and secondary data sources. Research process focuses on multiple factors affecting the industry such as competitive landscape, government policy, historical data, market current position, One-off Chopsticks Market trends, upcoming technologies & innovations as well as risks, rewards, opportunities and challenges. Study used very precise top-down and bottom-up approach in order to validate market revenue, volume, manufacturers, regional analysis, product segments and end users/applications.

Research report provides details analysis on drivers and restraints One-off Chopsticks Market along with their impact on demand during the forecast period. The study also provides key market indicators affecting the growth of the market. Research report includes in depth competitive analysis with shares of each player inside market, growth rate and market attractiveness in different end users/regions. Research study on One-off Chopsticks Market helps user to make precise decision in order to expand market presence and increase market share.

Regional analysis of One-off Chopsticks Market includes North America, Asia Pacific, Europe , Middle East & Africa as major region. These Major regions are further divided into countries like US, Canada, Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, Germany, England, France Italy, Netherlands, Spain, India, China, Singapore, Japan, Malaysia, South Korea & Australia. Regional outlook is one of the most important aspects of research study. Research study delivers clear picture of product market for various regions globally.

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Market Segmentation

One-off Chopsticks Market Report: Product Type

Bamboo

Plastic

Aspen Wood

Stainless Steel

One-off Chopsticks Market Report: Application

Household

Restaurant

Commercial

Research report on One-off Chopsticks Market includes competitive analysis that provides better insight of the major manufacturers of One-off Chopsticks. These major players include:

One-off Chopsticks Market: Company Analysis

Nanchang Sanyou Industrial

Besta Bamboo Machine

Nine Zero Trade and Development

Pacific East Company

Ngoc Chau Enterprise

Dom Agri Products

Georgia

Blooming Wave

Senior Care Innovation

Some of the important aspects of the One-off Chopsticks Market study include:

Report heavily focuses on major market aspects such as Volume, Revenue, market share, concentration rate, supply-demand scenario, growth & challenges.

Market growth drivers, trends analysis, future scope, government policies as well as environmental aspects.

Study uses many important analytical techniques to reach highest level of data accuracy. These techniques includes Primary & secondary research, Porters five analysis, SWOT analysis, Qualitative analysis, market sizing.

About Profshare:

Profshare Market Research is a full service market research company that delivers in depth market research globally. We operate within consumer and business to business markets offering both qualitative and quantitative research services. We work for private sector clients, along with public sector and voluntary organizations. Profshare Market Research publishes high quality, in-depth market research studies, to help clients obtain granular level clarity on current business trends and expected future developments. We are committed to our client’s needs, providing custom solutions best fit for strategy development and implementation to extract tangible results.

Contact :

Kalyani D.

Profshare Market Research

[email protected]

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girlinpride · 3 years ago

Text

One-off Chopsticks Market key players insight & growth drivers analysis 2021

Access sample report @ https://www.profsharemarketresearch.com/inquiry/one-off-chopsticks-market-report-inquiry/

Access Full Report @ https://www.profsharemarketresearch.com/one-off-chopsticks-market/

Market Segmentation

1. One-off Chopsticks market: Product Type

· Bamboo

· Plastic

· Aspen Wood

· Stainless Steel

2. One-off Chopsticks market: Application

· Household

· Restaurant

· Commercial

Research report on One-off Chopsticks Market includes competitive analysis that provides better insight of the major manufacturers of One-off Chopsticks. These major players include:

· Nanchang Sanyou Industrial

· Besta Bamboo Machine

· Nine Zero Trade and Development

· Pacific East Company

· Ngoc Chau Enterprise

· Dom Agri Products

· Georgia

· Blooming Wave

· Senior Care Innovation

Some of the important aspects of the One-off Chopsticks Market study include:

· Report heavily focuses on major market aspects such as Volume, Revenue, market share, concentration rate, supply-demand scenario, growth & challenges.

· Market growth drivers, trends analysis, future scope, government policies as well as environmental aspects.

· Study uses many important analytical techniques to reach highest level of data accuracy. These techniques includes Primary & secondary research, Porters five analysis, SWOT analysis, Qualitative analysis, market sizing.

About Profshare:

Contact :

Kalyani D.

Profshare Market Research

[email protected]

0 notes

autodidact-adventures · 7 years ago

Text

History of Tea (Part 6): Replacing China

Britain's population was growing very quickly, and their colonies in the Americas & Asia were as well. They needed more tea, and they didn't want China to be growing it.

Until the late 1700's, they were fine with buying tea from China. The East India Company had a monopoly on this trade, and they didn't really want to look at alternative sources. From 1711 – 1801, they'd collected £77 million in taxes.

But more and more, European traders & entrepreneurs were wanting to control the tea trade themselves, and the trade of other commodities such as coffee, cocoa, sugar, rubber and opium. Kew Gardens was established in Britain, and other lesser versions in other places. “Collectors” could send specimens to these gardens, “to which the British could lay claim as soon as they were in possession of the place where they grew.” [?] Sir Joseph Banks (1743-1820) was a naturalist and president of the Royal Society from 1778; he sent out plant hunters around the world to find such specimens. Many “explorers” were doing the same thing.

In 1778, the East India Company asked Banks' advice on tea. He replied that it grew best from 26-30° latitude, and that it might grow in Bihar, Rungpor and Coochbihar (all in India). Green tea was believed to be a different species, and he said that it would thrive in the mountains; and that “proper inducements” would make sure that the people of Bhutan would grow it. (Bhutan is another country in SE-Asia, north-east of India.)

He pointed out that Chinese people often came as sailors, and that “their neighbours at Honan [Chinese province of Henan] may be induced by the offer of liberal terns to follow their example” in bringing tea shrubs and tools to the Botanic Gardens in Calcutta (India); and they would teach the natives how to process them. He insisted that tea “was of the greatest national importance” to Britain.

Banks stated that China was more difficult to deal with than other eastern countries – it was powerful and self-confident, and small armies couldn't overpower it. It was “vain” and dared to think it could manage its own affairs! They had to pull down the “haughty pride of the Chinese”, although this would be difficult. And the only way that tea could be grown elsewhere was to take plants and put them in similar environments in the European colonies, or in climates in other places that were suitable, such as Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) and St. Helena.

The Netherlands was the first country to take Chinese tea bushes to other parts of the world – in 1728, they were taking them to the Cape of Good Hope (the tip of South Africa) and Ceylon (in Sri Lanka). However, they wouldn't seriously establish tea estates until 1828, and these would be in Java (Indonesia), much closer to China. These plantations thrived, as they had cheap labour. But tea-growing in Java wouldn't take off properly until Indian tea plants were introduced in 1878.

Taking plants & seeds from Canton was a dangerous thing to do – the Chinese government put a price on the head of any merchant they suspected was doing this, and tried to capture their ships.

Two British embassies were sent to China, and both were encouraged to see if it was possible to bring out tea plants. The first embassy was Lord Macartney in 1792 (with Banks accompanying him), and they brought back seeds & plants for the Calcutta botanical gardens. The second embassy was Lord Amherst in 1816, but the plants sent from that were lost during the voyage.

The Industrial Revolution

The Industrial Revolution took place from about 1760 to 1820-40. Human labour was replaced with machines, which were faster, cheaper and more dependable.

At the same time, an agricultural revolution was going on, in much the same way. It began as a method that was focused on improved rotation, use of crops, and artificial fertilizers. Everything was designed to maximize efficiency. Jobs were carefully divided up into part. The maximum amount of machinery & non-human power was used to reduce costs.

This made British agriculture far more productive, in terms of crops per acre and crops produced per person. Britain was using large coal reserves to supplement animal, wind and water power. Many entrepreneurs began to think of how they could use all these new things in the production of tea. The way the Chinese did it was not nearly as efficient.

Tea Production in China

Tea bushes were planted in a rather haphazard way, and the implements used were simple, barely changing from the 800's to the 1800's. Family groups would often go out to pick the tea together. Constance Gordon Cumming wrote about it in the 1870's:

I am greatly struck by the number of girls whom we meet working as tea-coolies, and by the enormous burdens which they carry slung from a bamboo which rests on their shoulder. Each girl carries two bags thus slung, the weight of a bag being half a picul, which is upwards of 60 lb. Thus heavily burdened, a party of these bright, pleasant-looking young women march a dozen miles or more, chatting and singing as they go...The tea-plantations are scattered over the hills, forming little dotted patches of regularly planted bushes. Here the girls and women are busy selecting the young green leaves, which they pick and collect in large basket-work trays of split bamboo.

The naturalist Ernest Henry Wilson wrote about higher-altitude tea growing in the early 1900's: “The culture extends up to [1220m] altitude, the bushes being planted round the sides of the terraced fields on the mountain-sides. Very little attention is given them and they are usually allowed to grow smothered in coarse weeds to a height of from 3 to 6 feet.”

Processing the tea was a very long & arduous task. An early manuscript gives the method for commercial tea manufacture:

Spread the leaves about 12.5 – 15 cm thick on bamboo trays, in a place where the air can blow on them. Hire a ching fu (workman) to watch them. Leave them there from noon until 6pm, when they begin to give off a fragment smell.

Pour them into large bamboo trays. Toss the leaves with your hands about 300-400 times, in a process called to ching. This gives the leaves their red spots & edges.

Carry the leaves to the kuo and roast them.

Pour them onto flat trays. Roll them by hand in a circular direction about 300-400 times. The leaves should end up close and well-twisted. Poor rolling will leave them loose, open, straight and “ill-looking”.

Roast the leaves again & roll them; and then repeat those steps once more.

Take the leaves to the poey long (the fierce fire) and turn them without stopping until they are nearly 8/10 dried.

Spread the leaves on flat trays to dry until 5am, and then pick out the old yellow leaves and the stalks.

At 8am they are “poeyed” again over a slow fire. Turn them once at noon. Leave them to dry until 3pm, and then pack them into chests.

Near the end of the 1800's, Constance Gordon Cumming described the process, showing that it had changed little. It had probably been used for a thousand years.

The leaves are then spread on mats, and are left in the sun till they are partially dried. After this, they are placed in very large flat circular trays, and barefooted coolies proceed to use their feet as rollers, and twirl the leaves round and round, till each has acquired an individual curl...Then the whole process is repeated a second time. The leaves have another turn in the sun, another foot-curling, and a more elaborate hand-rubbing. Then once more they are exposed to the sun, till they are so dried that no trace of green remains. They are then packed in bags, and are sent off to the tea merchants to be fired under their own supervision in the great tea hongs, where the hitherto unadulterated tea leaf receives that coating of indigo and gypsum...Some of the tea farmers have charcoal stoves in their own houses, where firing is done on a small scale – but this is exceptional.

In the late 1800's, pressure from the Assamese industry's mechanization of this process led to attempts in some part of China to use machines instead of humans, but these attempts all failed, for various reasons.

The British agricultural revolution was a product of the application of capitalist methods, and the condensing of small farms into larger ones. The methods the Chinese used were deemed to be incredibly unproductive. The British wanted large-scale tea estates (or plantations) where things could be more productive, and this wasn't possible in China.

Transporting Tea in China

Britain used water and wheeled carts to save on transport costs. In China, getting the tea to the coast greatly raised the cost of tea. Samuel Ball wrote about this in the late 1840's:

The usual route by which the black teas are sent to Canton, is through the province of Kiang-sy. They are first transported down the river Min in Fokien to the small town of Tsong-gan-hien, whence they are carried, by porters, an eight days' journey, over mountain passes to Ho-keu, and the rivers of Kiang-sy, which conduct to Nan-chang-foo and Kan-chew-foo; and then, suffering many transhipments on their way, to the pass of Ta-moey-ling, in that part of the same chain of mountains which divides Kiang-sy from Quon-tong. At this pass the teas are again carried by porters – the journey occupies one day – when they are re-shipped in large vessels which convey them to Canton. The time occupied in the entire transport from the Bohea [tea] country to Canton is about six weeks or two months.

In some places the tea was poled down the river – but bringing the boats back up again required immense human labour. Isabella Bird wrote about it in the late 1800's:

...these men do the hardest and riskiest work I have seen done in any country...week after week, from early dawn to sunset...

Away they go, climbing over the huge angular boulders of the riverbanks, sliding on their backs down spurs of smooth rock, climbing cliff walls on each other's shoulders, or holding on with fingers and toes, sometimes on hands and knees, sometimes on shelving precipices where only their grass sandals save them from slipping into the foaming race below...these poor fellows who drag our commerce up the Yangtze amidst all these difficulties and perils, and many more, are attached to a heavy junk by a long and heavy rope, and are dragging her up against the force of a tremendous current, raging in billows, edies, and whirlpools; that they are subject to frequent jerks; that occasionally their burden comes to a dead stop and hangs in the torrent for several minutes; that the tow-rope often snaps, throwing them on their faces and bare bodies on jagged and rough rocks; that they are continually in and out of the water; that they are running many chances daily of having their lives violently ended; and that they are doing all this mainly on rice!

The terrain was too difficult for animals to be used. Over much of the route (when the tea wasn't being transported by boat), the porters carried huge loads on their backs. Ernest Henry Wilson (1867-1930) wrote about them, stating that they carried an average load of over 150kg each. On a section of the route that was under 225km, it took them 20 days.

With their huge loads they are forced to rest every hundred yards or so, and as it would be impossible for the carrier to raise his burden if it were once deposited on the ground he carries a short crutch, with which he supports it when resting, without releasing himself from the slings.

The porters were paid about one English shilling for these 20 days of work, and “out of this he has to keep himself and pay for his lodgings.” The porters were often emaciated from the gruelling work. They carried tea to and from the ports, and also up into Tibet, which was just as difficult.

There were many middlemen who organized the porters and allowed the transportation of tea through their areas, taking money for tolls, taxes and protection money. This also added to the overall cost of the tea.

Overall, though, tea was still relatively cheap to produce, in terms of labour and land. Peasant households and the middlemen needed the money from it as a supplementary source of income. But the British still weren't happy, as there was no centralized control over production; no way of improving or monitoring quality; and now way of applying science & knowledge to the production of tea, and the protection from various pests.

And the merchants at the ports made a great profit, which the British were not happy about. IN the mid-1800's, Samuel Ball wrote, “Thus one considerable item which entered into the cost of tea to the foreigner, was the Hong merchant's profit.”

Ball also gave the average costs of each stage of production in Chinese currency:

The British hoped to undercut these costs. And as other problems cropped up, it became more necessary to do this.

Opium

The British used several commodities to pay the Chinese for tea in the beginning, when only small amounts of tea were being imported. From 1750 to the start of the 1800's, they could use their hold over India to export cotton from Bengal to China, to pay for tea. But the Chinese improved their own cotton manufacturing, and eventually could produce it cheaper themselves, so this was no use anymore.

The main commodity was silver, which had always been commonly traded from the West to China. For the first 50yrs of the direct clipper trade (about 1720-70) it worked fine. But in 1776, the American Revolution cut off the major Mexican source of silver; and the cost of silver also rose through inflation. Britain was importing more & more tea, and they just didn't have enough silver to pay for it.

In 1758, Parliament gave the monopoly on opium production in India to the East India Company. China had banned opium imports, but Portugal was still illegally importing it. In 1773, Britain took control of this trade from Portugal. By 1776, they were exporting 60 tonnes, and double that by 1790.

Opium was mainly grown in Bengal, where nearly 500,000 people were employed in the huge industry. In 1830, Britain exported nearly 1,500 tonnes of opium to China, which was worth several billion dollars in today's money. In 1833, opium exports ot China were worth $11.5 million dollars (in the currency of the time), and imports of tea cost just over $9 million. Britain was making a profit overall.

The East India Company sold the opium to British merchants in India. These merchants exported it to China, and received silver coin as payment. The silver went back to London, and was then taken back to China to pay for tea.

The Company wasn't officially involved, but of course they knew what was going on. Chinese protests were ignored, or brushed aside with responses that it was nothing to do with the British Government or the East India Company. American merchants had basically the same system, but they used less pure opium from the Ottoman Empire.

Between 1780 and 1830, Britain increased their opium exports to China by 1000. The Chinese authorities tried desperately to deal with it, but constantly failed. They resorted to drastic measures, burning a year's supply of opium in a huge bonfire and arresting the British and Chinese involved.

Britain declared war, and the First Opium War (1839-42) began). Britisn warships destroyed the Chinese fortifications, and they won the war. They forced the Chinese government into major concessions, including huge reparation payments, and ceding Hong Kong to Britain. Amoy, Fuchow, Ningpo and Shanghai were turned into “open ports”, a further indemnity was paid, and the Chinese customs were forced to accept British supervision.

Growing Tea Elsewhere

But the main problem still wasn't solved. According to Edward Bramah, “In 1822, the Royal Society of Arts offered fifty guineas to whoever could grow and prepare the greatest quantity of China tea in the British West Indies, Cape of Good Hope, New South Wales or the East Indies. The prize remained unclaimed.”

And there was competition from the Dutch, who were succeeding in Java. In 1833, Parliament ended the East India Company's monopoly in China. The field was now open. Huge profits were possible, but it was still uncertain if it would work.

In 1828, the Governor-General of India, Lord Bentinck, set up a Committee to investigate the issue. The Committee consisted of businessmen and botanists, chosen by Bentinck. The most prominent member was Nathaniel Wallich, who was in charge of the Botanical Gardens in Calcutta. He showed the Committee a report sent to him by a Mr. Walker. It began with complaints about China.

...the jealous policy of the Chinese government in her intercourse with all nations; the apprehensions which she had always entertained of our formidable Empire in the East Indies; the ignorance, pride and prejudice of the Government;...the rapacity and corruption of her officers; and occasionally the misconduct of our own people.

These problems had hindered efforts to grow tea elsewhere other than China. But it was still possible, he stated.

Tea plants could be easily transported, unlike other things they'd tried (such as mangosteens). But China's resistance was the problem. Foreigners were only allowed in Canton. “It is an acknowledged fact that the Chinese empire is the most powerful on the face of the earth,” so it was able to enforce strict rules on the importing of foreign goods. But Europe's weapons were better, Walker continued, implying that they could deal with China in that way – this was only a few years before the First Opium War.

Walker gave figures that showed how tea was now everybody's drink, “the common people using it as a portion of food.” Each year, the government earned £4 million from tea. And tea was known to grow in other places – for example, reports from Buchanan Hamilton in Burma 50yrs earlier had spoken of a tribal people called the Singphos bringing tea down to the plains in baskets.

Tea grew best on hillsides on gravelly soil, like all camellias, and India had plenty of these, “of very little use to the East India Company.” They could bring Chinese people from Calcutta or the East Indies to oversee the growing & manufacturing. The East India Company was wanting to provide “some reasonable occupation” for the natives, and the Indians would be ideal labour, with their “sedentary and tranquil habits”, and their ability to live on 2-3p a day. And the Company's revenues would increase if they didn't have to buy tea from China (this was before their monopoly was ended).

Bentinck was convinced by this report, and Dr. Wallich drew up a report on the tea plant. He stated that it liked moist valleys and riverbanks, but also recommended growing it on the slopes of the Himalayan range, the Kumaon hills, Gurwhal, Dehra Dun and Kashmir. He suggested that the tea plants be put into a warm nursery for a while, and then transported to somewhere with frost and snow for at least six weeks.

The Tea Committee decided to send Mr. Gordon (one of their members) to Penang and Singapore, and China if possible, to get information, plants, and Chinese people. Gordon also took a questionnaire for the Dutch. How much did it rain in Java's tea districts? Were there fogs and/or snow? Were there trees for shelter; and what about manure & irrigation? How much were the labourers paid and fed? How were tea chests made.

The Dutch answered willingly, and Gordon sent a report back. The Dutch had over 3 million plants in Java. They found it difficult to get Chinese people to emigrated, because they were afraid of the sea, but they had “recourse to forced labour”, which would be no problem in India.

In the 1840's, Samuel Ball wrote about moving tea production to India, and how it would be beneficial for the Indian people:

The population of British India and its dependencies is computed at 114,430,000. Supposing these to become, like the Chinese, all consumers of tea, the impulse which this novel demand for labour would give to a country mainly dependent on its agricultural resources; the new, unprofitable and otherwise unoccupied mountain lands which would thereby be brought under cultivation; the industrial activity its manipulation and preparation would call forth; as well as the new and indirect demands on industry it would develop; and lastly, though least to be considered, but nevertheless of high importance, the new sources of revenue it would open to the government – are all considerations of such vast interest, that it ought not to be a matter of surprise, that the encouragement of the cultivation of tea on an extensive scale, is daily becoming more and more a subject of anxious solicitude on the part of the India government.

If tea drinking became widespread in India,

...when we consider the abstinence from animal food, which is imposed on the Hindoo by his religion, we cannot but think that the introduction and adoption of the Mongolian method of using tea in its broth-like form, mixed with butter and meal, would furnish not only a refreshing, but a somewhat substantial adjunct to his meagre dietary; while the leaf used as an infusion...would administer greatly to his comfort, healthy, and sobriety.

Robert Fortune (1812-80) was a Scottish botanist who would steal tea plants from China in 1848 for the East India Company. He wrote:

In these days, when tea has become almost a necessary of life in England and her wide-spreading colonies, its production upon a large and cheap scale is an object of no ordinary importance. But to the natives of India themselves the production of this article would be of the greatest value. The poor paharie, or hill-peasant, at present has scarcely the common necessaries of life, and certainly none of its luxuries. The common sorts of grains which his lands produce will scarcely pay the carriage to the nearest market-town, far less yield such a profit as will enable him to purchase even a few of the necessary and simple luxuries of life...If part of these lands produced tea, he would then have a healthy beverage to drink, besides a commodity that would be of great value in the market. Being of small bulk compared with its value, the expense of carriage would be trifling, and he would have the means of making himself and his family more comfortable, and more happy.

It had to be decided on where the tea would best grow, and how the tea-growing methods could be improved to make it profitable. The British were soon to discover their location.

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