#Tau Ceti g

[neptunedestiny]

Tau Ceti Characters

Tau Ceti, b, g, c, h, d, e, f, i

[iviarellereads]

Nona the Ninth, John 5:20(1)

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(No icon) In which someone describes a miracle... of sorts.

In the dream, she said, “But that’s it? They shut you down—it was over?”

Though she doesn't remember moving, they're at the top of a hill now, looking out at a great plain. To the left it's clean, to the right is "a huge confusion of rubble and metal and foliage".

He tells her it wouldn't really begin for another year. The official story is that the investors decided to rethink the project, but John knew, somehow, that they invested in something else instead. He just couldn't find it. Then the project leaked, and the whole public knew that the world wasn't going to make it. The economy tanked, and people panicked.

A- panicked because their severance money was now nearly worthless. C- panicked because she was being recalled to England and didn't want to go, didn't want to leave N-(2) behind, didn't want to admit they were dating but everyone knew. M- panicked because what the hell were they going to do with all the bodies in the shutdown procedures.

That last got to John, too. He knew all the bodies by name, like friends, after working with them so long. They couldn't be cremated or buried safely.

I didn’t have to worry about the public or the media—we had a pet cop, P—.(3) She’d made detective by that point; was going on to big things in the MoD. Knew G— from way back, and G— and I were both hometown boys, so P— kept the heat down for us.

John takes most of the blame, in the aftermath of the leak. M- and A- could have gotten new jobs, but John would never work in the field again. He told them to leave him behind anyway, but none of them did.

It was such pandemonium. I mean, the worst was yet to come, but it was like the crisis had been announced all over again. Like you’d sprung this on us out of nowhere, like you’d never said you were sick.(4)

There's the Mars installation, but there's only room for five million people there, and they can't feed them yet. The Kuiper platform(5), the installation on Uranus in-progress… there's just not enough room for everyone, and no time to scale up. The cryogenic project would've let them get everyone to Tau Ceti,(6) and then they could work backward.

It was about giving you breathing room, you know?(7) I knew I wouldn’t live to see you get well, but I wanted to stop you hurting.

John didn't panic, though. He kept working, as much as he could, with what they had, nonstop before time really ran out. A- asked if John was taking any "Class As"(8), but he wasn't. A- told M-, who came and accused him of being on meth and coke.

I was all, Yeah … Coke Zero. She didn’t laugh. I laughed. He said, I guess I’ve always thought any pun was automatically funny.(9)

The electric guy said they couldn't keep using "three percent of the country’s electricity" for the vats. The health board guy was a jerk, and kept saying they had to dispose of the bodies on-site in ways John thinks the person he's talking to would have hated. But, he told them, those bodies were his friends. Saying stuff like that probably worried A- even more. G- kept insisting John was fine, but he'd always say John was fine, no matter if he wasn't.

Out of nowhere(10), they said it was lights out that night. John knew the bodies would degrade immediately outside their vats.

I had to let them go. I went around to everyone, talking to my favourites—I know it was weird having favourites, but let’s bloody face it, I’d gone weird—not even saying goodbye, just saying it’ll be fine, hang on for me, kia kaha, kia māia. C— made appeal after appeal after appeal. No dice.

The power was cut, one minute after six, and everyone was waiting when it went.

John goes quiet, and she asks what happened. He smiles, "a strange fleeting thing with teeth."

“Most of the bodies got the melt, like we thought they would,” he said. “Damaged beyond repair. Their brains liquefied almost immediately. But, Harrow … all the ones I touched, all the ones I loved … they stayed incorrupti(11)

So ends Day One.

=====

(1) "For the Father loveth the Son, and sheweth him all things which himself doth: and greater works than these will he shew him, that you may wonder." Sheweth would be interpreted today as "showed" or "shows". So the verse is in context of a Father (God) showing his Son (Jesus) marvels that he may also do. Quite relevant in the case of bodies not rotting because John loved them most, since he later develops necromancy. On the other hand, the A1Z26 brings us to THET, which makes no sense yet but if you got the impression that there are more of these… Well heck, you can look at the table of contents or flip through your copy, and see more, but there may be a spoiler there, and I'm pretending you don't see them but might want all available interpretations up to the point we reach. (2) Nigella, Cassie's cavalier. (3) Pyrrha, of course. Being a cop in her history? That could explain a lot if this is real. (4) Who does he think he's talking to? (5) The Kuiper Belt being a range of objects sort of out beyond Neptune (6) A star about 12 light years from our solar system, apparently very similar to our Sun, so the hope would be that there's a planet to set up on. (7) Wouldn't any person alive also be going with them? How would leaving give her breathing room? Unless… Well, you can draw your own conclusions. But why would John be talking to her? How? And why would she have Harrow's name here? (8) New Zealand, like the UK, split illicit drugs into Class A, B, and C. Class A includes but is not limited to meth and cocaine, probably the most likely things A- thought John was taking. (9) So, Gideon came by it as honestly as it goes. (10) It's not REALLY out of nowhere, John. They were trying to work with you and you took too long. (11) The first necromancy. And yes, it cuts off like that. On purpose.

[random-thought-depository]

Some notes for this project, specifically about those people's home planet.

Tentatively orbits the star Tau Ceti, though I might move it somewhere farther away if it strains credulity too much that a radio-emitting civilization there wouldn't be detected by real life radio astronomy or if somebody finds an unsuitable planet between e and f (82 Eridani, a broadly similar star, is a possible secondary candidate).

Tau Ceti is a dimmer, older, and less metal-rich star than Sol. For approximately Earth-equivalent illumination, this planet will have to orbit between planets e and f, at around .7-.8 AU from the star. This implies a year length between 7 and 10 months. It's Earth-like, so day/night cycle will be similar to Earth. Axis obliquity is somewhat less than Earth's, but still enough for very noticeable seasons (so maybe something like 15 degrees).

An older and less metal-rich star also likely means a less massive, less metal-rich and less dense planet. Earth's density is 5.5 g/cm^3, Mars's density is 3.9 g/cm^3, this planet will probably be more dense than Mars just because it's bigger and has more gravity and it might be somewhat more metal-rich, let's give this planet a density halfway between Earth and Mars; 4.7 g/cm^3 and about 70% of Earth's mass. If I've done my math right, it will have a diameter of 5900 km (.93 Earth diameters), a surface area of 441 million square kilometers (about 87% of Earth's surface area), and a surface gravity of .8 G (7.9 m/s^2). I might end up making it bigger and heavier gravity though, I dunno, these are just tentative figures. The planet has no moons (no natural ones, anyway, but nowadays there are many artificial space stations and satellites).

This planet has less land than Earth, both in absolute terms and relative to its surface area. I'm going to say its surface area is 75% ocean and 25% land (compared to Earth's 70% ocean and 30% land). That would mean it has a land surface of about 110 million square kilometers (Earth's land surface is about 150 million square kilometers).

This planet being smaller, less metal-rich (and hence less rich in radioactive heavy elements), and older than Earth, one would expect it to have a cooler interior and less geologic activity, which would imply relatively little surface volcanism and mountain-building and probably low atmospheric carbon dioxide. This suggests a cool world with lots of heavily eroded flat ancient terrain, probably mostly covered by ocean because most of the continental crust has been eroded down to below sea level. And it probably did look like that forty million years ago. However...

I'm tentatively going to suggest that, as this planet's interior cools, it's entered something a bit like a much milder and less violent version of Venus's stagnant lid/global melt cycle. There are long periods of low activity in which plate tectonics is slow or even "locks up" entirely, but during these eras the crust thickens and internal heat is unable to fully escape and builds up until it "breaks through" in a dramatic temporary spike in plate boundary activity, hotspot volcanism, new rifting, and wrinkling/deformation of the crust (this cools the interior until the planet becomes relatively quiescent again, restarting the cycle). The planet is presently in one of these spikes of increased geologic activity, and has been for at least the last 10-20 million years. This sounds bad, but it's actually mostly good; all this geologic activity creates new land and new fertile soil (and fertilizes the ocean too) and releases carbon dioxide, which warms the planet and fertilizes the plants. Biomass is probably way up compared to what it was a few tens of millions of years ago.

The oceans are actually shallower than Earth's, but the average height of the continental platforms relative to the abyssal plains is lower, so relative to the average height of the continental platforms sea levels are higher. Actual land is maybe 25% of the planet and much of it is relatively young and rugged, but these relatively small and young continents are surrounded by extensive shallow seas that cover ancient heavily eroded shallowly submerged plains (so kind of like Cretaceous Earth). The result is fractal coastlines with lots of peninsulas, bays, and offshore islands.

The spike in geologic activity also means a recent and ongoing spike in island arc formation and mid-ocean hotspot volcanism; oceanic crust is relatively thin, so the internal heat is mostly "breaking through" there. The shallower ocean means more volcanic mountains and highlands get tall enough to poke out above sea level, and when they do the resulting islands are bigger and take longer to erode away when plate tectonics moves them away from the hotspot. More-or-less every major ocean is island-dotted in the way our Pacific is, and with more and bigger islands than in our Polynesia. The increased island arc formation and shallower oceans also means lots of substantial offshore archipelagos.

The continental crust is highly fragmented, i.e. there are a bunch of continents and they're separated by pretty wide oceans in most places. However, they have a bunch of peninsulas and island chains extending out from them, and the continental configuration is such that from a statistically average spot on the planet's land surface it's possible to access most of the major lands on the planet without extensive ocean crossings, just crossing narrow straights or island-hopping along island chains.

The high carbon dioxide means a warm hothouse climate, kind of like Cretaceous Earth. This contributes to the ease of moving around the planet without long ocean crossings; if Earth had a climate like this planet (but still had humans), Alaska, eastern Siberia, Kamchatka, and the Aleutians would be a heavily developed and densely populated area and a historical cross-roads of trade, migration, and cultural exchange.

I'm not sure how the productivity of hothouse world open oceans would compare to those of our world, but I think the extensive shallow seas of this world might be quite rich with life. The warm climate should enable coral reefs (or equivalent bio-communities) to grow farther north and south than in our world, I think? And the shallow seas will be enriched by run-off from the continents and will have large areas where the sea bottom is close enough to the surface to receive some sunlight. I think this would be another factor encouraging precocious development of water-craft; coastal peoples will be tempted to sail deeper into these shallow seas by opportunities to fish and to hunt big ocean creatures. A lot of these shallow seas would also be kind of sheltered, lots of them will be basically big bays or even basically inland seas in the middle of continents with only narrow inlets/outlets to the ocean; imagine if the Caspian and Aral Seas connected to the Black Sea and to each other. This, incidentally, will be a big factor making the planet more habitable; lots of areas that would otherwise be arid continental interiors will have a big inland sea connected to the ocean there, moderating temperatures and generating rain. Imagine if Australia has a nice big inland sea in the middle of the Outback, connected to the ocean. Similarly, as on Earth, lots of those volcanic islands in the middle of the ocean will have coral reefs (or equivalent bio-communities) around them, so the oceans will be at least nicely dotted with oasis of bio-productivity.

I don't really have a very solid idea of what biome distribution would look like on a hothouse climate planet; best source of information I can find about it is this. Going off what I have read...

Assuming fragmented continental configuration, climate belts would be broadly similar to Earth. There'd be a humid belt at the equator, then arid belts around 10-30 N and 10-30 S, and then the temperate zones poleward of 30-40 N/S would be wetter and mostly warm.

The tropics and subtropics would be the least different from Earth, somewhat hotter than equivalent regions on Earth but not by very much; the big difference between hothouse and icehouse climates is icehouse climates have a much bigger equator-to-pole temperature difference. I think it might be a toss-up whether the tropics and subtropics of a hothouse world would be more or less habitable than ours. On the one hand, really extreme heat would be more of a problem, and hot air can hold more water which might mean less rain, and the greater heat would supercharge storms. On the other hand, a hotter climate would mean more evaporation from the oceans, which might mean more rain, and hotter air being able to hold more water might mean more rain gets to continental interiors. On Earth, the ice ages were cold and dry.

A hotter climate might also mean a poleward expansion of the Hadley cells and thus a poleward expansion of the arid zone, so the latitudes that are temperate on Earth (30-50 N and 30-50 S) might be more arid in a hothouse world. Those Cretaceous climate maps do give the impression of a wide arid belt, especially in the southern hemisphere, though the northern temperate zone, which is a better analogy for this planet, looks relatively wet. I think this effect might be more pronounced on the west side of continents? On Earth, that's where you get summer-dry Mediterranean climates. So maybe a hothouse world would have something like a summer-dry Mediterranean belt on steroids? The west side of continents between 30-50 N and 30-50 S might be hot and summer-dry/winter-wet and have lots of dry forest, open woodland, grassland, scrub, desert, and semi-desert? Then again, Earth precedent might be misleading here, I'm really not sure about this.

I think the wetter parts of the 30-50 N and 30-50 S zone would have a climate kind of like southern China or the US southeast?

The far south and far north would be wet. The impression I get is in the Cretaceous the polar lands were forested and warm in summer but cold and snowy in winter; I think Yunnan and Appalachia might be the best modern analogy? If there are any permanent glaciers on a hothouse world, they'll probably be on high mountains in the far south and far north.

Applying this to the Tau Ceti planet, a world inhabited by humans (though not Homo sapiens)...

I'm going to go out on a limb and say their tropics and subtropics overall trend kind of nicer than ours, though it's a mixed bag. The continental configuration means much of the land has a wet maritime climate, and it helps that their biggest continent has a mountain, highland, and desert complex that generates an effect similar to the Asian monsoon and draws a lot of rain to its south. The abundant volcanic soil ameliorates one of the major downsides of Earth's tropics, the tendency of tropical jungles to have poor soil (this probably does a lot to make this planet more habitable in general). Humans are different enough from the native animals biologically that disease-causing viruses, bacteria, fungi, animal parasites, etc. adapted to parasitize off them mostly can't infect us, which means much less tropical disease. Still, I think the majority of the planet's population might live in the temperate regions, because they're cooler and wetter.

I'm going to say there's not very much land in the polar regions. But I think the far northern and far southern lands that do exist may be important cross-roads of trade, migration, and cultural exchange. The circumference of a planet at 60 N or 60 S is half of its equatorial circumference. So the far northern and far southern regions are likely to be places where otherwise widely separated continents almost touch and where ocean crossings are relatively easy.

You can see this effect even on Earth. When humans reached the Americas, they did so by crossing Beringia, near the north pole. The first visitors from the east were probably the Vikings, who also followed a far northern route, island-hopping from Europe to Iceland to Greenland to what's now Canada. But on Earth the usefulness of these northern routes was limited by cold. On the Tau Ceti planet, equivalent routes will pass through much friendlier territory and be much more useful.

Imagine this planet's equivalent of Anchorage, Alaska. It's a big thriving mega-city; not quite as impressive as the biggest cities of the temperate and tropical lands, but with almost ten million inhabitants it's comparable to New York. It's also one of the oldest cities on the planet; it was founded in the fifth millennium BCE, before the construction of the Great Pyramids on Earth, and it's been getting rich off trade ever since. It's in a densely populated and highly developed area that's been a crossroads of trade, migration, and cultural exchange for millennia. Since prehistoric times voyagers in water craft suitable for short ocean crossings of dozens of kilometers have travelled west along the long peninsula this city sits on and then "island-hopped" along the long chain of islands that bridges the thousand kilometer gap between two continents, or made the symmetrical opposite journey from the other continent. Tourists visit royal tombs almost as old as the Great Pyramid, then get their photo taken in front of the distinctive city hall, which was built in 2052 (CE) and houses an administration that claims continuity, admittedly very tenuously, with the monarchs those ancient tombs were built for. The southern aurorae, fascinating museums, and vibrant night life are said to be well worth the discomfort of visiting in winter, when the city endures months of continuous chilly night but its bustling port remains busy thanks to brilliant illumination provided by powerful electric lights.

As I said, the geography of this planet will encourage precocious development of boats and sea travel. And I think these people will have some biological factors that may encourage precocious technological development. They also had a more intense and hence faster self-domestication process, which means they're probably in a sense an older species than us, having developed their present anatomical form long before we did. On the flipside, easy birth control, strong particularist/localist solidarity, and possibly a stronger tendency toward long term thinking may have meant a tendency to get stuck in high equilibrium traps.

Put this together, and I think these people may have developed some capacity for deep ocean voyaging tens or even hundreds of thousands of years ago. I don't think they'd have colonized all the ocean islands that early, but they have some populations that have a kind of floresiensis-like history of having spent thousands of generations as island-dwellers. Some of these populations have started evolving in the same general direction floresiensis did; they haven't had time or evolutionary impetus to get as extreme as floresiensis did, but they are noticeably smaller than the mainlanders.

Also, the way I imagine this species behaving might lead to long-established island populations getting a bit weird. These people have totally the kind of society where a woman might have a couple of kids with her regular partner and one kid with the one guy in her village who has red hair cause she thinks that's exotic and cute and sexy. Zoom out from that a bit and you have harmless minor mutations being promoted by sexual selection, leading to increased physical diversity. Have that happen in a population scattered across fifty islands with not a lot of gene flow between them, and you might have a recipe for relatively rapid divergence into fifty quite physically distinct populations.

And I think the islands might have been hotbeds of early cultural and technological innovation. Before motorized transport, long distance transport over water was much easier than long distance transport over land. Island and coastal communities had access to food from the sea and thus they tended to be bigger than inlander communities, more likely to stay year-round in a single location, and better able to support specialists.

With relatively easy birth control, these people are less likely to be pushed to become intensive farmers by population pressure than we were. Instead, I think on their world intensive agriculture might have developed through a "beer came first" pathway in which the initial impetus was provision of special foods for feasting events which enhanced community solidarity and the prestige and power of a leader. And I think that likely happened first in island and coastal communities.

If islanders developed intensive agriculture first, they might have spread back to the continents as farmer-settlers and there ended up eventually outnumbering and absorbing a lot of the original continental populations (because the inlanders weren't farmers or farmed at lower intensity so their populations were less dense).

Islanders might also have been the first to develop kingdom-equivalents, i.e. military organizations and systems of socio-political control that scale up relatively easily, which is another advantage they might have had over continentals early in the history of civilization.

This planet also may have at least one continent that's somewhat isolated from the rest, like Jaredia's Tropica. This continent may have stayed uninhabited until people capable of far-ranging ocean voyages reached it - meaning it likely got settled by one branch or another of the islanders. Alternately, humans on this world might have started out on a single relatively isolated continent, with the rest of the world being settled by various branches of the islanders.

[sciencespies]

Astronomers have identified another important aspect of planets that could host life

https://sciencespies.com/space/astronomers-have-identified-another-important-aspect-of-planets-that-could-host-life/

Astronomers have identified another important aspect of planets that could host life

We are, by now, pretty familiar with the concept of the Goldilocks zone. Also known as the habitable zone, it’s the distance from a star at which liquid water can be present on the surface on a planet – not so hot as to be vaporised, nor so cold as to be frozen.

These conditions matter because we count liquid water as a vital ingredient for life. But it’s not the only criterion that can help us to assess a planet’s potential habitability; according to new research based on decades of data, there are also Goldilocks stars.

Not all stars, you see, are built alike. Some are extremely hot and bright – such as the very young, blazing blue OB stars. Some are quite low in temperature, like red M-type dwarfs. These could perhaps be a good temperature, but the Goldilocks zone would be very close to the star, and red dwarfs tend to be turbulent, lashing their surrounding space with violent flares.

Our Sun sits between these two extremes, what is known as a yellow dwarf – a G-type main-sequence star. But, although we know life has emerged in the Solar System (we are, after all, living it), not even the Sun is a Goldilocks star.

Nope. According to astronomers at Villanova University, the best stars for life are one step along the Hertzsprung-Russell chart of star types – that is, K-type stars, which are orange stars a little cooler than the Sun, and a little warmer than a red dwarf.

“K-dwarf stars are in the ‘sweet spot,’ with properties intermediate between the rarer, more luminous, but shorter-lived solar-type stars (G stars) and the more numerous red dwarf stars (M stars),” explained Villanova astronomer and astrophysicist Edward Guinan.

“The K stars, especially the warmer ones, have the best of all worlds. If you are looking for planets with habitability, the abundance of K stars pump up your chances of finding life.”

Together with a colleague, astronomer Scott Engle of Villanova University, they presented their research at the 235th meeting of the American Astronomical Society back in January 2020.

Let’s be clear here: astronomers are not looking for habitable planets to find a back-up Earth. Even if we did find Earth 2.0, we just don’t have the technology to get us there.

Our quest for Goldilocks planets has more to do with finding out if there is other life out there in the Universe – and, one step further, if there is intelligent life. Is life normal, or is Earth a giant freak? Narrowing down where life is likely to spring up can help us in that search.

Guinan, Engle and others have been monitoring a number of stars F to G-type stars in ultraviolet and X-rays over the last 30 years as part of their Sun in Time program, and M-type red dwarfs for 10 years for the Living with a Red Dwarf program.

Both these programs have been helping to assess the impact of X-ray and ultraviolet radiation of the stars in question on the potential habitability of their planets.

Recently, they expanded their research to include similar data collection on K-type stars – what they have called Living with Goldilocks K-dwarfs. And, indeed, these stars do seem to be the most promising for life-supporting conditions.

(NASA/ESA/Z. Levy/STScI)

Although the habitable zone of K-type stars is smaller, they are much more common than G-type stars, with around 1,000 of them within just 100 light-years of the Solar System. And they have much longer main-sequence lifetimes.

The Sun is around 4.6 billion years old, with a main-sequence lifetime of around 10 billion years. Complex life only emerged on Earth around 500 million years ago, and scientists think that, in another billion years, the planet will become uninhabitable as the Sun begins to expand, pushing the Solar System’s habitable zone outwards.

Red dwarfs are more common, but they’re feisty, subjecting the space around them to intense radiation and flare activity that could strip any close planets of their atmospheres and liquid water.

By contrast, K-type stars have lifetimes between 25 and 80 billion years, offering a much bigger window in which life can emerge than G-type stars; according to the team’s data, they are much calmer than red dwarfs, too.

And there are already K-type stars around which planets have been located – namely Kepler-442, Tau Ceti and Epsilon Eridani. 

“Kepler-442 is noteworthy in that this star (spectral classification, K5) hosts what is considered one of the best Goldilocks planets, Kepler-442b, a rocky planet that is a little more than twice Earth’s mass,” Guinan said. 

“So the Kepler-442 system is a Goldilocks planet hosted by a Goldilocks star!”

The search for life could, of course, be much more complicated even than this – for example, if the planet has a highly elliptical orbit, it could produce temperature extremes that would render an otherwise Goldilocks planet uninhabitable.

The location of other planets in the system could make a difference too; and there’s a possibility that the entire galaxy has its own habitable zone (if it does, we know we’re in it, so looking nearby is a good start).

But this research could represent a piece of the puzzle that could make the life needle in the space haystack just a little bit easier to find.

The research was presented at the 235th meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Hawaii.

A version of this article was first published in January 2020.

#Space

[mostlysignssomeportents]

#4yrsago Kim Stanley Robinson's "Aurora": space is bigger than you think

Kim Stanley Robinson's Aurora is the best book I read in 2015, and by "best" I mean, "most poetic" and "most thought provoking" and "most scientific," a triple-crown in science fiction that's practically unheard of. I wouldn't have believed it possible, even from Robinson, had I not read it for myself.

Aurora is an exciting novel on its own merits: the story of a generation ship finally decelerating at the Tau Ceti system after 150 years of travel at 10 percent of lightspeed, its many arcologies each a miniature Terran biome, ready to terraform a wet moon of a superjovian planet 12 light-years from Sol.

But Aurora is even more interesting for the way that it interacts with the science fiction that came before it. For Aurora is covering some well-trodden turf in its premise, but approaches it with a critical eye and an original point of view that makes its science fictional forbears look primitive and even laughable by comparison.

Like some of the best Golden Age science fiction, Aurora is a story about engineers troubleshooting hard technical problems. But for the most part, those novels took the simplistic view that the hard problem of interstellar travel would be about physics, and devoted themselves to engineers who occupied themselves with troublesome propulsion systems. Robinson's generation ship is plagued by biological problems that are much trickier than the mere physics of propulsion, navigation, acceleration and deceleration. His closed ecosystem has to exist without resupply and with very little opportunity for repair, and it is full of complicated living things whose relationships to one another are governed by homeostatic mechanisms that were evolved in an ecosystem one trillion times larger than a spaceship. The miniaturization of the living things' habitats is akin to an island ecosystem, but much exaggerated. Islands have to worry about mutations and disease, but at least they have the whole wide ocean to wash away some of their sins and the whole massive atmosphere to circulate their gases. On the spaceship in Aurora, salts build up in deadly concentrations. Elements bond to other elements and will not be liberated. The Coriolis effect of a ship spinning under acceleration is different enough from the decelerative forces that microorganisms fail in difficult-to-define ways, and these changes interact with things like mechanical connectors that have been accustomed to g-stresses from one direction and have bent themselves in subtle ways such that they can't function any longer when the way that they are pulled "down" changes minutely but persistently.

Troubleshooting makes for a brilliant backdrop for science fiction. It's the kind of story-puzzle that can serve as a pivot point for characters to rotate around, and it creates a drumbeat of rising tension as the critical technologies of the imaginary world fail in ever-more-dangerous way. Sometimes, the troubleshooting is just handwaving (think of Scotty shouting about dilithium crystals), but at its best, it describes problems that are viscerally recognizable as real and meaty and urgent.

Aurora gets off to a spectacular start, then, as a novel about troubleshooting on a generation ship, and about the sociology of that ship, and about the personal relationship between Devi, the chief engineer, and her daughter, Freya, who may or may not be mentally deficient in a way that may or may not be related to the ship's ecological problems. To make this even better, Robinson describes the settings -- the pocket-sized biomes -- with all the poetry of John Muir or Henry David Thoreau, a mode familiar to Robinson readers who've fallen in love with books like Pacific Edge. In Robinson novels, the landscape becomes a character, as interesting in its own right as any of the humans.

Then the ship's inhabitants arrive at the world that is their destination and set about terraforming it. Here we get more troubleshooting, more chewy sociology, more poetry. The story is told, in many modes, by the ship's AI, which has been charged by Devi with summarizing the voyage and its significant moments -- she requests it of the ship because she, herself, can't make sense of what her distant ancestors were thinking when they doomed their descendants to this harebrained scheme.

I can't summarize the plot any more from here on without introducing major spoilers, so I won't. Instead, I'll talk about the kinds of stories this book goes on to tell, and remark first upon just how many of these stories there are, and how varied they are, and how brilliantly executed each one is.

After the terraforming project begins, Robinson tells a story about microbiology, a story about a war in space, a story about cold sleep, a story about climate change, a story about political change, and a genuinely magnificent technical story about field-expedient astrogation that is set with parameters that leave the ship and its inhabitants at the edge of death (and us at the edge of our seats) for an excruciating and very satisfyingly long time.

How long? Ultimately, the novel clocks in at almost 200 years' worth of action. This timescale is important to the novel's effect, which is to render visceral the true distances of interstellar space, the true improbable terror of interstellar colonization. It is the most significant novel in the mundane science fiction form (a 2002 movement that challenges writers to stick to physics within the boundaries of what is likely to be possible, eschewing faster-than-light travel), and it uses that form to hammer home an important point about our human relationship to the world of our evolutionary history.

Robinson's punchline, the thing he works up to here and in so many of his other books, is that Earth and humans are interpenetrated with one another. We humans are colony organisms made up of microbiomes of creatures with vastly different evolutionary speed to our macro-selves, and the homeostatic mechanisms that keep our colonies intact are intricately wound around the Earth and its climate, its ecosystems, its natural and built environments.

The problems that Robinson's characters experience in their interspatial adventures are contrived, of course. As with all lifeboat stories, the crisis of the lifeboat is created by the author's invisible hands, off-stage, arranging the scenery to contrive the emergency.

But what Robinson's furtive scenery-arranging points out is that the easy times all our other science fiction stories have given to their colonists were every bit as contrived. By pointing out an alternative, in the same engineering/troubleshooting frame as those other stories, Robinson points out that what we'd taken for an obvious and natural axiom was actually a militant position about the universe's willingness to be colonized, despite the Fermi Paradox, a position so dominant in sf that it was nearly impossible to notice that it even was a position, as opposed to a law of nature.

This is a novel that turns much of sf on its ear. It is a sequel of sorts to 2312, and like that novel, it is both pessimistic and optimistic by turns. But as epic as 2312 was, it's nothing to Aurora. 2312 was a stroll in the woods, Aurora is a month of mountain-trekking with Robinson by your side.

Aurora [Kim Stanley Robinson/Orbit]

https://boingboing.net/2015/11/02/kim-stanley-robinsons-auro.html

[lockedtombbrainworms]

This fits with some stuff I've been thinking about TLT lately. John's arc isn't a story about how John was given the power to save everything but fucked it up, it's a story about how individual action isn't enough, even with all John's powers.

That's not to say he doesn't become corrupted and ultimately create an empire of his own, but if there hadn't been nukes to start a nuclear exchange with and kill a huge number of people in one go, then he wouldn't have had the kick-start of thanergy that let him kill everyone else, the sun, the earth and all the other planets.

If the US (?) government hadn't been Like That and offered him unimaginable amounts of money to fake keeping the president alive, he wouldn't have had the nuclear codes, or the suitcase nuke, and he wouldn't have been able to start the nuclear war.

If the response from the world hadn't been to send the cops to shut him down (and this dovetails with the previous post from OP that I reblogged for more context on that specifically as it relates to a Māori man with healing powers), then he wouldn't have ended up cut off in his little bubble. I could come up with more if I tried.

Maybe no single one of those things on its own would've been enough to stop what ultimately happened. But if he'd been in a position to make fewer terrible decisions, then maybe his vengeful streak and his difficulty walking back anything and admitting he was wrong wouldn't have been the traits that dominated his approach to the situation.

He'd have been forced to just let the trillionaires leave for Tau Ceti, and sure, he'd have flipped them off as they went and cursed a blue streak at them and maybe even gotten drunk and sobbed into G-'s chest in an emotionally-charged scene that would make the fandom chew on the furniture, but that would've been that. Either he wouldn't have come to the conclusion that he needed to end the fucking world over it, or he'd have wanted to but not had the means. And then his friends might have had a chance to talk him around to trying any of the other suggestions people come up with at various points, like stabilising the atmosphere over the Northern Territories or even just using his ability to grow meat with magic to feed people and fend off the climate famine a bit longer. And even with his powers he wouldn't have been able to do it alone. He'd have needed help. He'd have needed collective action. And maybe he'd have been willing to engage with that.

Of course, all those hypotheticals would never come to pass, because the events that took place were inevitable, or if not those events then other things like them were inevitable, because we live in a world where white supremacist, imperialist capitalism is the dominant ideology. John himself is a tragedy just like any of the other tragedies of the Locked Tomb series, and his fall to villainy is just as tragic as Gideon Nav's fall onto the railing at the end of GtN, because you can see how IT DIDN'T HAVE TO BE LIKE THIS.

Not to defend Jod but, I didn’t read the flashbacks as saying, here is John a terrible man who made terrible decisions. But here is a man who was chosen by the planet to be it’s saviour, who despite being able to do literal miracles, capitalism and the power structures we have created were too big for any individual even a literal saviour to have any effect. Watch how he spirals against that making worse and worse decisions until Like yes, it’s bigger than him

[shuvendumukherjee]

DO YOU KNOW....

The nearest stars to Earth are in the Alpha Centauri triple-star system, about 4.37 light-years away. One of these stars, Proxima Centauri, is slightly closer, at 4.24 light-years. Of all the stars closer than 15 light-years, only two are spectral type G, similar to our sun: Alpha Centauri A and Tau Ceti

#1websolution #rank #google #online #marketing #onlinemarketing #socialmediamarketing #digitalmarketing #rankgoogle #seo #smo #seoservice #facebookmarketing #keyword #keywordsearch #service #seoservice #payperclick #searchengineoptimization #leadgeneration #lead #smm #ppc #lead #leadgeneration #seotips #digitalsolution #marketingtips #brand

[teal-deer]

Brainstorming Life and Culture on Tau Ceti -- Part 2, the System

I’m in a LARP, and I play a character of Tau Ceti descent, but very little worldbuilding has been done about Ceti Prime (the planet the Tau originate from). The game is often a collaborative exercise, so I’ve been brainstorming about how to build the pre-spaceflight history of Ceti Prime, and I’d welcome any thoughts and ideas other people have.

Part 1 is over here. It’s about the canon of the Tau in the game (nomadic spacefaring explorers) and discussing what kind of planet-bound civilizations would precede such a culture, and then what kinds of environmental factors would create that culture. It leads directly into this post, Part 2. 

Here in Part 2, we’re going to discuss what we know about the real life Tau Ceti star system, and how those factors would affect evolution, ecology, and civilization on a planet in that system. 

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau_Ceti

Summary from that article: Tau Ceti is a G-type main sequence star about 78% of the size of the Sun. It is also somewhat less active than the Sun. It doesn’t seem to have any Jupiter-sized planets in orbit around it, which could be a problem as Jupiter protects Earth from many potentially extinction-causing meteor impacts.

The system has two mostly confirmed exoplanets on the very edge of the habitable zone, two possible exoplanets outside of that, and mmmayyyyybe a fifth but results are inconclusive. Tau Ceti e is 4.5 Earth masses, so not quite a super-Earth, while Tau Ceti f is 6.6 masses, making it a super-Earth. It is possible that there is another planet orbiting between these two smack dab in the middle of the habitable zone, but we don’t quite have tech sensitive enough to find it yet. For the purposes of this worldbuilding speculation, we’re going to imagine that there IS a planet there, that it’s approximately Earth-sized (maybe a little smaller). We’ll call that planet Ceti Prime.

Tau Ceti has a huuuuge debris disk. At a minimum, this would mean that planets would see many more meteor showers and shooting stars; at worst, it would mean a lot more meteor impacts, potentially ones that end civilizations or even cause extinction events.

For the purposes of this worldbuilding exercise, we’re going to start with the base assumption that life and then civilization formed on Ceti Prime, based on some of the aforementioned parameters in Part 1. The questions now are:

How might the listed planetary system conditions affect evolution, ecology, and civilization on Ceti Prime?

How would that big ol debris disk look from the planet’s surface? Would it be a bit like a second Milky Way, another band of glittering light?

With the info from both part 1 and 2, how many moons should Ceti Prime have, and how big are they? Relevant thoughts are how moons can protect planets from impact events, how moons affect tides & navigation (see previous post re: the idea of the Tau having had many long-lasting nomadic civilizations and a cultural tendency toward nomadism). Keep in mind that Earth’s moon is pretty unusual, especially its relative size compared to Earth, and that we are, in fact, a binary planet system.

If there are frequent meteor impacts—not enough to cause an extinction event to wipe out the Tau entirely, but enough to maybe break a civilization—how would that affect Tau history and mythology? Would it have factored into the Tau predisposition to a nomadic lifestyle (eg, you never know when a GIANT SPACE ROCK might blow up your farm, so best be prepared to move at a moment’s notice?)

I welcome all thoughts and discussion!  

[askcadettaylor]

20. "I.S.S. (Is Somebody Singing)" by Chris Hadfield and Barenaked Ladies

Chris Hadfield? Isn't he... right he was one of the astronauts on the International Space Station.  He did a cover of Space Oddity while on board there too.  Followed his posts all the time back on Earth.

[Taylor is listening]

Oh man.  Listening to this song I feel the excitement when I first got that letter saying I won that lottery.  I was so happy.  I could do all the rat and lichen experiments I had proposed and the additional ones they trusted me to do for them.  It was going to be a busy mission on Tau Ceti IV full of UV light filters and setting up mazes.

......

That indescribable feeling when you first feel zero g and everything stops in the world for a second... I think I was too amazed to get nausea.  They turned the artificial gravity on after about an hour.  Good for the rest of the crew who had done this all before and had to get started on their projects and maintenance... but I didn't get the chance to feel zero-G again on that mission.

......

And I remember looking back at Earth.  It's immense when you get up there.  A bright blue swirly jawbreaker.  I watched it from our first orbits whenever I wasn't playing catch with the m&ms in my mouth Trotter cracked open from an MRE to celebrate the successful launch.  I miss them.  I miss Earth.  I miss my family.  I miss my cat.  I miss enjoying space and that excitement and wonder at the universe...

......

[Taylor is so homesick]

That seems to be it for the playlist--- Huh.  There's one more song on here.  I'll play it before the eclipse passes over the US tomorrow morning, ok?  If you happen to be in its path, try to go out and look for it.  Safely please-- if you can't get glasses, pin hole cameras will work (let me tell you they're fun to make if you don't have a Tom stepping all over the paper).  It'll be really cool so let's hope for clear skies and a sunny-not-sunny solar and lunar event!

[darkydrakens613]

CANDIDATOS PLANETARIOS, PARA LA RAZA HUMANA

Planeta (% de Similitud)

Gliese 667 Cc (87%)

Kepler 442 b (84%)

Gliese 667 Cf (77%)

Lobo 1061 c (76%)

Kapteyn b (67%)

Kepler 62 F (67%)

Kepler 186 F (61%)

Gliese 667 Ce (60%)

Otros Candidatos

Marte

Titán (Satélite de Saturno)

Próxima Centauri B

Trappist 1 e

Trappist 1 f

Trappist 1 g

Tau Ceti e

Tau Ceti f

[iviarellereads]

Nona the Ninth, John 3:20(1)

(Curious what I'm doing here? Read this post! For detail on The Locked Tomb coverage and the index, read this one! Like what you see? Send me a Ko-Fi.)

(No icon) In which sometimes, you have to give the people what they obviously want to see.

In the dream, night gives way to day but not the colour of sunrise. She often forgets how to breathe or swallow, and chokes until her body remembers for her.

He says none of them wanted to use the nuke.(2) It felt unreal, like a toy. They put it in a safe under the floor and swore not to use it. G- even made sure it couldn't be armed. It was just insurance, and leverage, to get people to listen. Their first priority was to keep asking the hard questions about the FTL project, the second to throw money at it, and the third to tell people they had a nuke.

He says, they were aware it was an international incident just to have the nuke, but they were party to one of the biggest political scandals in history. And it was taking so long to get nothing at all done.

The FTL plan proceeded steadily, gaining support. Nations started to argue over who they'd send in which trips, and how to make sure it wasn't a repeat of old colonialism on the other end.

That’s where they met resistance, because the trillionaires were all, But we’ve got our hand-picked guys. There’s only so much room, they’ve already undergone training, this isn’t a tourist trip. Nobody liked that. We’d been calling bullshit the whole time, and now we were getting some traction. I said, Give me a year and I’ll see if I can’t solve the Tau Ceti question by myself, we’ve already got plans, I could do a hell of a lot with the cryo cans now if you let me. Earned some Trans-Tasman support, but then the trillionaires banged the wanted criminal drum and put me on the back burner. The bastards said, Fine, we’ll make room for two hundred nominated people—two hundred! Two measly hundred!—and I was all, They won’t fall for that. He said, They fell for it.

Once they got the greenlight, the trillionaires said they could leave in three months, to get it underway quickly, before another round of climate starvation.

John, meanwhile, paid people to find the FTL engineering facilities. As soon as a building is confirmed, John knew it couldn't be right, the deliveries weren't even material to build space ships. They were just ordering random crap to look busy. He couldn't be sure the buildings were empty, but it was suspicious as hell.

They took what evidence they had to the governments that would still listen to them. They should have been able to halt the process until they could investigate...

But instead they asked the trillionaires for their point of view. And the trillionaires lied! They lied like their lives fucking depended on it! They had a glib answer for every question; I swear someone told them we were on to them beforehand! I mean, our cheapo mercs did get caught. They lied and everyone swallowed their shit. Not only that, they looked at us and were like, We were going to put you fellas in jail, weren’t we? Isn’t it time you guys stop being independent actors, aren’t you recognised by most nations as a cult? We’re all legally appointed officials here, except for the trillionaires. Did you know cows recognise one another?

John got mad.

They kept calling his team a cult, so he said, let's be a cult, all in on the doomsday.

Before, when it started, I’d tried to use all these scientific terms—tried to coin phthinergy,(3) talk about a word that needed an antihistamine. I’d tried to make out like everything I was doing had principles I was probably going to write papers on later. I dropped all that, because turns out nobody wants papers, nobody wants principles. They want the magic bullet. They just want to be saved. He said, I told them I’d save them. And I said, I’m a necromancer.(4)

=====

(1) "For every one that doth evil hateth the light, and cometh not to the light, that his works may not be reproved." It's part of the sequence of the "For God so loved the world" speech. God gave the world his only son, that they might believe in him, and he might die for their sins, and they all might be saved. Those who believe are not judged, and those who do not believe are judged for not believing. And in the A1Z26 sequence, we're up to "THE TOWER HAS REACT-" so one can probably make a reasonable and educated guess as to what remaining letters might say even if you don't peek ahead and do the math yourself. (2) Narratively, the surest sign you're going to have to do something is to say you don't want to. (3) The "phthin" root appears to be a word that means wasting as in wasting away from illness. Derivatives were often used in history to talk about tuberculosis. (4) No going back now, though I'm not sure what difference this will really make this late. (Well, technically I *do*, but I'm pretending I don't. The magic of acting.)

[enzorochafotografia]

Anã amarela

Definição

“Estrela anã amarela” é o termo coloquial para uma estrela da sequência principal do tipo G. Nosso próprio Sol se enquadra nessa categoria.

O tamanho das estrelas anãs amarelas varia de um pouco menor que o nosso Sol a um pouco maior.

A parte “amarela” do nome é um pouco enganadora, pois a cor dessas estrelas pode ser qualquer coisa, do branco ao amarelo. Suponho que seja para distingui-los das “anãs brancas”, que pertencem a uma classe totalmente diferente de estrela.

O que é uma anã amarela?

Uma anã amarela é um tipo de estrela da sequência principal, mais apropriadamente chamada de estrela da sequência principal do tipo G. O sol da Terra é um exemplo típico desse tipo de estrela.

Esse tipo de estrela tem uma massa entre 80% e 120% da massa do sol da Terra. Essas estrelas variam de cor, do branco ao amarelo claro.

O sol é realmente branco, mas parece amarelo da superfície da Terra porque sua luz está espalhada na atmosfera.

Embora sejam chamados de anões, esse termo é usado apenas em comparação com o tamanho colossal de estrelas gigantes.

As anãs amarelas ainda são maiores que a grande maioria das estrelas da galáxia, a maioria das quais são anãs menores, mais frias, laranja ou vermelhas.

O Sol tem um volume de aproximadamente 1.412.000.000.000.000.000 de quilômetros cúbicos e uma massa de aproximadamente 1.989.100.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000.000 de quilogramas, tornando-o 1.300.000 vezes maior que a Terra e 332.900 vezes mais massivo.

É composto por cerca de 75% de hidrogênio.

A maior parte do restante é hélio, além de alguns outros elementos, como oxigênio, carbono e ferro, em pequenas quantidades.

Uma anã amarela é uma estrela da seqüência principal, produzindo energia convertendo hidrogênio em hélio através da fusão nuclear em seu núcleo.

A pressão externa produzida por essa energia é equilibrada pela força da própria gravidade da estrela, criando um estado chamado equilíbrio hidrostático que impede a estrela de entrar em colapso ou explodir.

A cada segundo, o sol funde cerca de 600.000.000.000 kg de hidrogênio em hélio e converte 4.000.000 kg de massa em energia.

A maior parte dessa energia está na forma de calor que se transfere gradualmente para a superfície da estrela, onde é liberada como radiação eletromagnética, incluindo luz visível e energia cinética.

Isso produz temperaturas entre 5.000 e 5727 grau Celsius na superfície, subindo para 14999727 grau Celsius no núcleo.

Uma anã amarela permanece na sequência principal por cerca de dez bilhões de anos, lentamente se tornando mais brilhante à medida que envelhece. À medida que mais e mais hidrogênio no núcleo da estrela é convertido em hélio, o núcleo se contrai e fica mais quente até que sua produção de energia supere a própria gravidade da estrela. Neste momento, a estrela começa a se expandir, deixando a sequência principal e se tornando um gigante vermelho que eventualmente evoluirá para uma anã branca. Estrelas anãs amarelas não são grandes o suficiente para se tornarem supernovas ou buracos negros.

Atualmente, o sol está na metade da fase da seqüência principal de sua vida.

Estrelas anãs amarelas são bastante comuns, constituindo cerca de 7,5% das estrelas da Via Láctea. Uma anã amarela pode ser solitária como o sol ou parte de um sistema estelar binário ou múltiplo.

As conhecidas anãs amarelas visíveis da Terra a olho nu incluem Alpha Centauri e Tau Ceti.

Anã amarela – Sol

O Sol é uma estrela anã amarela (classe espectral G2 V) com uma massa de 1,9891 x 10 ^ 30 kg (cerca de 2 milhões de bilhões de bilhões de toneladas) e um diâmetro de 1 392 000 quilômetros e uma luminosidade de 3,83 x 10 ^ 26 watts.

Essa alta luminosidade significa que o Sol emite cerca de 30 bilhões de vezes mais energia que o total energia elétrica produzida por todos os geradores de energia da Terra! Assim, as estrelas são imensamente poderosas!

Essa energia é produzida por fusão nuclear.

A fusão nuclear cria átomos mais pesados a partir de outros mais leves à fissão nuclear que divide os átomos. As usinas nucleares da Terra usam fissão nuclear, porque embora fusão nuclear é muito mais eficiente (produz menos desperdício e libera muito mais energia) a Terra não ainda desenvolveu a tecnologia de fusão nuclear no grau necessário para a geração útil de energia.

Cerca de 70% da massa do Sol é hidrogênio, 28% hélio e 2% de elementos mais pesados (incluindo carbono, oxigênio, nitrogênio, metais e outros elementos). Isso não é hidrogênio e hélio no sentido normal, no entanto, porque o hidrogênio e o hélio são ionizados (carregados eletricamente) para formar um plasma.

A geração de energia ocorre dentro do núcleo do Sol, que consome combustível (e perde massa) no taxa de 4 milhões de toneladas por segundo. O núcleo tem cerca de 400 000 quilômetros de diâmetro e tem uma temperatura de cerca de 15 milhões de Kelvin (cerca de 15 milhões de graus Celsius). Embora contenha apenas cerca de 2% do volume solar

O núcleo contém cerca de 60% da massa do Sol e, portanto, é muito denso. A densidade do sol aumenta em direção ao núcleo. Costuma-se dizer que o Sol é uma bola de gás quente, isso é verdade, embora um plasma seja um melhor descrição do que um gás, e a densidade no núcleo é tão grande que é um plasma ou gás mais denso do que os sólidos comuns.

Sob essas condições extremas de alta temperatura e pressão, a matéria se comporta em maneiras e termos desconhecidos como “gás” perdem seu significado convencional.

A superfície visível do Sol é chamada de fotosfera, pois é aqui que a luz escapa do Sol. o fotosfera tem uma temperatura de 6000 a 4000 Kelvins, que é muito quente, mas muito menos quente que a do Sol testemunho.

Quais são alguns tipos diferentes de estrelas?

A maioria das estrelas se enquadra em uma classe de categorização chamada seqüência principal, também conhecida como estrela anã. Em um gráfico padrão que representa a cor das estrelas em relação à magnitude, conhecida como diagrama de Hertzsprung-Russell, as estrelas principais da sequência formam uma curva coerente, ao contrário das outras categorias – anãs brancas, sub-gigantes, gigantes, gigantes brilhantes e super-gigantes.

Embora geralmente não estejam incluídos no gráfico, os buracos negros, que são estrelas gravitacionalmente colapsadas, podem ser considerados pontos no gráfico com luminosidade zero e uma assinatura espectral de -273,1 °C.

A razão pela qual as estrelas principais da sequência caem em uma curva previsível é porque sua luminosidade e assinaturas espectrais são ditadas apenas por sua massa, que varia de 0,08 a cerca de 158 massas solares.

As anãs brancas, estrelas que esgotaram seu combustível nuclear, têm assinaturas espectrais semelhantes às estrelas da sequência principal, mas com muito menos luminosidade.

Isso ocorre porque eles não fundem elementos ou têm uma fonte contínua de energia – sua luminosidade e calor são todos os que sobram.

Ao longo de bilhões de anos, espera-se que as anãs brancas esfriem e se tornem anãs negras, ou cascas estelares sem vida. No entanto, nenhuma anã branca existe há tempo suficiente para que isso aconteça ainda.

As estrelas principais da sequência se enquadram em várias categorias: as anãs marrons, com apenas cerca de 0,08 massas solares, são basicamente Júpiteres superdimensionadas com reações de fusão fracas em seus núcleos; as anãs vermelhas são um pouco mais quentes e mais enérgicas, com maior massa; estes são seguidos por anãs amarelas, estrelas muito comuns das quais o nosso Sol é um exemplo.

Quando as estrelas queimam todo o seu combustível nuclear na forma de hidrogênio, começam a fundir hélio.

Como as estrelas antigas começam a formar um núcleo sólido de material fundido, as poderosas forças gravitacionais no perímetro do núcleo comprimem as camadas de gás acima, acelerando a fusão e aumentando a luminosidade e o tamanho de uma estrela.

Por essa rota de desenvolvimento, as estrelas anãs se tornam gigantes.

Dependendo da massa, eles acabam colapsando em anãs brancas, estrelas de nêutrons ou buracos negros.

As estrelas mais massivas causam supernovas, que são enormes explosões de energia que escapam quando a fusão cessa no núcleo estelar e as camadas de gás se esfregam vigorosamente contra outra durante o colapso final.

Acredita-se que nossa galáxia, a Via Láctea, tenha até 400 bilhões de estrelas, cerca de 7,5% das quais são anãs amarelas

Estrelas massivas causam supernovas

As anãs amarelas são uma classe de estrela da Sequência Principal que inclui o Sol. Essas estrelas são estrelas amarelas com classe espectral G

Fonte: www.sabrizain.org/cronodon.com/https://ift.tt/30k9dKr

O post Anã amarela apareceu primeiro em Portal São Francisco.

Anã amarela Publicado primeiro em https://www.portalsaofrancisco.com.br/

Este conteúdo apareceu primeiro em: https://ift.tt/2E4forM

[our-survivors]

Tau Ceti e Kindle Edition by Wendell G Sweet

Tau Ceti e Kindle Edition

by Wendell G Sweet (Author)  Format: Kindle Edition

“I grew up on Mars one… A child of an inmate; I had a hand out of that or… I don’t know what would have happened. I thought that was bad, but what we just went through here? Those people were crazy… still are crazy, I guess. It’s like the way Mars One was on the private side, but if you took off all the controls.…

[mostlysignssomeportents]

Kim Stanley Robinson's "Aurora": space is bigger than you think #2yrsago

Kim Stanley Robinson's Aurora is the best book I read in 2015, and by "best" I mean, "most poetic" and "most thought provoking" and "most scientific," a triple-crown in science fiction that's practically unheard of. I wouldn't have believed it possible, even from Robinson, had I not read it for myself.

Aurora is an exciting novel on its own merits: the story of a generation ship finally decelerating at the Tau Ceti system after 150 years of travel at 10 percent of lightspeed, its many arcologies each a miniature Terran biome, ready to terraform a wet moon of a superjovian planet 12 light-years from Sol.

But Aurora is even more interesting for the way that it interacts with the science fiction that came before it. For Aurora is covering some well-trodden turf in its premise, but approaches it with a critical eye and an original point of view that makes its science fictional forbears look primitive and even laughable by comparison.

Like some of the best Golden Age science fiction, Aurora is a story about engineers troubleshooting hard technical problems. But for the most part, those novels took the simplistic view that the hard problem of interstellar travel would be about physics, and devoted themselves to engineers who occupied themselves with troublesome propulsion systems. Robinson's generation ship is plagued by biological problems that are much trickier than the mere physics of propulsion, navigation, acceleration and deceleration. His closed ecosystem has to exist without resupply and with very little opportunity for repair, and it is full of complicated living things whose relationships to one another are governed by homeostatic mechanisms that were evolved in an ecosystem one trillion times larger than a spaceship. The miniaturization of the living things' habitats is akin to an island ecosystem, but much exaggerated. Islands have to worry about mutations and disease, but at least they have the whole wide ocean to wash away some of their sins and the whole massive atmosphere to circulate their gases. On the spaceship in Aurora, salts build up in deadly concentrations. Elements bond to other elements and will not be liberated. The Coriolis effect of a ship spinning under acceleration is different enough from the decelerative forces that microorganisms fail in difficult-to-define ways, and these changes interact with things like mechanical connectors that have been accustomed to g-stresses from one direction and have bent themselves in subtle ways such that they can't function any longer when the way that they are pulled "down" changes minutely but persistently.

Troubleshooting makes for a brilliant backdrop for science fiction. It's the kind of story-puzzle that can serve as a pivot point for characters to rotate around, and it creates a drumbeat of rising tension as the critical technologies of the imaginary world fail in ever-more-dangerous way. Sometimes, the troubleshooting is just handwaving (think of Scotty shouting about dilithium crystals), but at its best, it describes problems that are viscerally recognizable as real and meaty and urgent.

Aurora gets off to a spectacular start, then, as a novel about troubleshooting on a generation ship, and about the sociology of that ship, and about the personal relationship between Devi, the chief engineer, and her daughter, Freya, who may or may not be mentally deficient in a way that may or may not be related to the ship's ecological problems. To make this even better, Robinson describes the settings -- the pocket-sized biomes -- with all the poetry of John Muir or Henry David Thoreau, a mode familiar to Robinson readers who've fallen in love with books like Pacific Edge. In Robinson novels, the landscape becomes a character, as interesting in its own right as any of the humans.

Then the ship's inhabitants arrive at the world that is their destination and set about terraforming it. Here we get more troubleshooting, more chewy sociology, more poetry. The story is told, in many modes, by the ship's AI, which has been charged by Devi with summarizing the voyage and its significant moments -- she requests it of the ship because she, herself, can't make sense of what her distant ancestors were thinking when they doomed their descendants to this harebrained scheme.

I can't summarize the plot any more from here on without introducing major spoilers, so I won't. Instead, I'll talk about the kinds of stories this book goes on to tell, and remark first upon just how many of these stories there are, and how varied they are, and how brilliantly executed each one is.

After the terraforming project begins, Robinson tells a story about microbiology, a story about a war in space, a story about cold sleep, a story about climate change, a story about political change, and a genuinely magnificent technical story about field-expedient astrogation that is set with parameters that leave the ship and its inhabitants at the edge of death (and us at the edge of our seats) for an excruciating and very satisfyingly long time.

How long? Ultimately, the novel clocks in at almost 200 years' worth of action. This timescale is important to the novel's effect, which is to render visceral the true distances of interstellar space, the true improbable terror of interstellar colonization. It is the most significant novel in the mundane science fictionform (a 2002 movement that challenges writers to stick to physics within the boundaries of what is likely to be possible, eschewing faster-than-light travel), and it uses that form to hammer home an important point about our human relationship to the world of our evolutionary history.

Robinson's punchline, the thing he works up to here and in so many of his other books, is that Earth and humans are interpenetrated with one another. We humans are colony organisms made up of microbiomes of creatures with vastly different evolutionary speed to our macro-selves, and the homeostatic mechanisms that keep our colonies intact are intricately wound around the Earth and its climate, its ecosystems, its natural and built environments.

The problems that Robinson's characters experience in their interspatial adventures are contrived, of course. As with all lifeboat stories, the crisis of the lifeboat is created by the author's invisible hands, off-stage, arranging the scenery to contrive the emergency.

But what Robinson's furtive scenery-arranging points out is that the easy times all our other science fiction stories have given to their colonists were every bit as contrived. By pointing out an alternative, in the same engineering/troubleshooting frame as those other stories, Robinson points out that what we'd taken for an obvious and natural axiom was actually a militant position about the universe's willingness to be colonized, despite the Fermi Paradox, a position so dominant in sf that it was nearly impossible to notice that it even was a position, as opposed to a law of nature.

This is a novel that turns much of sf on its ear. It is a sequel of sorts to 2312, and like that novel, it is both pessimistic and optimistic by turns. But as epic as 2312 was, it's nothing to Aurora. 2312 was a stroll in the woods, Aurora is a month of mountain-trekking with Robinson by your side.

Aurora [Kim Stanley Robinson/Orbit]

https://boingboing.net/2015/11/02/kim-stanley-robinsons-auro.html

[hellowelcome2mars]

Doctor Snidely and the Imposter

     Doctor Snidely glared at the imposter before him. For the Martian scientist, the human had been one of the most intriguing things to come out of this utterly dull conference. The imposter claimed to be an expert in exobiology, but had answered the most basic questions about his supposed field of study incorrectly. The Hephaestians were not carbon based lifeforms. The imposter turned back from the cocktail stand and Doctor Snidely smiled as he was offered a drink.

  “What field of exobiology are you an expert in, Calvin?” asked the Doctor after taking a sip from his drink.

   “I specialize in extremophiles.” replied the imposter.

   “Like the Hephaestians?”

   “Yes, precisely.”

   “I take it you’re familiar with Doctor TJ Eckleburg’s work on extremophiles and the difficulties such life forms face?”

   “Yeesss, I think I’ve read his work” said the imposter slowly. “He stated that an extremophile ecosystem would have little diversity due to the various evolutionary barriers that would kill off any species with a trait that detracts from their fitness.” Evidently, Calvin had not read the Great Gatsby.

   “And I’m assuming you’re familiar with my friend, the Martian head of exobiology at the University of Tau Ceti g, Derm Reco’s work on Hephaestians?” At that question, Calvin began to sweat.

    “Uh, yeah, he said that the Hephaestians don’t need immunity to non-Hephaestian diseases, as their extremely hostile environment kills off any bacteria that would harm them.”

   “And it makes interspecies romance with them rather difficult” said Doctor Snidely, before finishing off his drink with a wink. Calvin blushed slightly as Doctor Snidely looked at his watch.

   “As much as I’d like to continue our illuminating conversation, I need to to prepare for my presentation on dark matter generation and its chemical properties.”

   The scientist bowed politely before walking away from the rather nervous imposter. After reaching the edge of the large circular courtyard were the reception was taking place, Doctor Snidely looked back at the imposter, who was quietly trying to put his composure back together.

   He is rather handsome. Thought Doctor Snidely. If it wasn’t for the fact he is part of a plot that may endanger the lives of everyone at the conference, not to mention everyone on this wretchedly primitive spinning wheel the humans call a space colony, I would have probably dated him.

   For a moment, their eyes met, before Doctor Snidely turned and walked down the corridor and towards his hotel room.

   With Doctor Snidely gone, Calvin sighed. The genius hadn’t exposed him, yet, but Calvin suspected that the red furred Martian knew that he was an imposter, so he had to be eliminated.

   It’s a shame he has to die, he is probably the most intelligent man in known space, and he’s hot, but the plan has to go forward. My client won’t let the Hephestians have Venus, thought Calvin before leaving to gather the tools of his trade from his room.

   Doctor Snidely looked out of his hotel window towards the upwards sloping valley that formed the massive colonial space station. He noticed a mother and her child playing in a distant park. He sighed before sitting down at the desk and activating the holographic terminal.

   “Put me through to station security.” After a few seconds of loading, the Martian head of security, Vladimir Shatala, appeared on the screen.

   “Doctor Xavierenaha Sniedlenay, what can I do for you?” said Vladimir, easily pronouncing Doctor Snidely’s Martian alias.

  “I’d like to report a possible threat to security: Calvin Timarov.”

  “Let me guess, he’s too smart for a human.” Doctor Snidely sighed at Vladimir’s sarcasm; evidently, the scientist’s arrogance in his younger years still lingered in his reputation.

  “If anything, he’s not smart enough, and he claimed to know scientists that I completely made up.”

  Before the security chief could respond, the hotel door clicked open. Doctor Snidely turned to face it.

  “Oh dear, it appears I have a visitor.” said Doctor Snidely before terminating the video chat. He looked back at Calvin, who was pointing a pistol at him. “Do come in.” said Doctor Snidely, rather calmly considering the situation.

  Calvin slowly walked into the room, closing the door behind him without taking his eyes off the Martian scientist. The two men just silently stared at each other for several seconds.

   “I’ve contacted station security.” said the scientist, breaking the silence.

   “I’d figured you’d do that.” replied Calvin.

   “I take it you’re here to kill me.” Calvin nodded. The scientist seamed rather calm for a man who had a gun pointed at his head. “Then why haven’t you already done so?”

   Calvin began to move his finger to the trigger when the Martian interjected.  

   “Wait, wait, wait.” pleaded Doctor Snidely in a slightly and uncharacteristically panicked voice. “Before you get on with killing me, would you mind answering some questions?” Doctor Snidely asked, his paws in the air.

  At that, Calvin lowered the gun slightly, with a minor look of confusion on his face.

  “Why should I?”

   “Because you’re about to kill me.”

   “Fair enough.” said Calvin lowering his gun. The scientist relaxed slightly, knowing that his death had been slightly delayed.

  “Considering your response to my, uh, statement on interspecies romance, I doubt you’re part of a xenophobe group. So who are you working for and what are you planning?”

  “I’ve been hired by the Venusian Mining Corp to kill the Hephestian representatives.”

  “And thus destroy the negotiations for the Venusian colony.” Doctor Snidely let out a small chuckle. “I don’t think they should be worried about the Hephestians.”

   “What do you mean?” asked Calvin, confused.

   “Gravity works in strange ways. Interplanetary encounter don’t just effects the orbits of planets.” Calvin glared at Doctor Snidely. “We’ll see what I mean soon enough. I believe it’s your turn to ask me questions.”

   “How did you find me out?”

   “Other than claiming you knew scientists that I made up? You said that the Hephestians are carbon based life forms. They’re silicon based, which is the reason why they don’t need immunity to non-Hephestian diseases.”

  Calvin simply nodded in response, and raised his gun.

  Well I guess this is it. thought Doctor Snidely as Calvin pressed the gun to his forehead. He put his finger on the trigger, and both Doctor Snidely and Calvin's smart watches vibrated. They instinctively looked at them. It was a news update from the Solarian News Network: In response to reports of abnormally large volcanic activity, the Hephestians have withdrawn their plans to colonise Venus.

   Calvin put away his gun.

   “I guess this means I don’t have to kill anyone.”

   “I’d rather you not, I’m good friends of the Hephestian head researcher and I rather enjoy our discussions on complex fluid dynamics.” Doctor Snidely sighed and his expression softened.

   “Do you want to stay here and talk?” he asked.

   Calvin nodded and sat down on the couch. Doctor Snidely sat down next to him.

   “But first tell me one thing.” The scientist said.

   “What’s that?”

   “Your name, your real name.”

   “Randolph, Randolph Fremont.”

  “Mine is Xavierenaha Shantalcala” Randolph opened his mouth to try to pronounce the scientist’s actual name, but Doctor Snidely stopped him.

   “Just call me Xavier.”

   They just sat there, talking. They talked about various things, from their love life to the reason Doctor Snidely changed his name. They talked the day away, and soon night descended over the colony, draping the two men in darkness. Their conversation soon faded and they just sat there, staring at each other’s eyes and into their souls. Randolph broke the silence.

   “I should turn myself in.” he said.

   “You’ll probably be able to amnesty in exchange for exposing the Venusian Mining Corp Conspiracy. I’m sure the Hephestians will be interested in hearing your story.”

   “I’m sure they will be.” said Randolph. He smiled before getting up.

   “But all that can wait until tomorrow.” Randolph stopped and looked back at the Martian scientist. “Let’s just sit here and talk for the rest of the night.”

  “I’d like that.” replied Randolph, sitting back down next to the Martian. They started to talk again, but their conversation faded into just staring at each other in the darkness of the night, while holding each other’s hand.

[metalindex-hu]

FONOGRAM DÍJ 2018 - Az Ørdøg mellett a Royal Rebels és a Stone Sour is nyert!

FONOGRAM DÍJ 2018 - Az Ørdøg mellett a Royal Rebels és a Stone Sour is nyert! - http://metalindex.hu/2018/03/08/fonogram-dij-2018-az-ordog-mellett-a-royal-rebels-es-a-stone-sour-is-nyert/ -

Idén is az egykori Budai Ifjúsági Park hagyományait őrző Várkert Bazár adott otthont az év legjobb könnyűzenei teljesítményeit díjazó Fonogram – Magyar Zenei Díj gálaestnek. A műsort élőben közvetítette az ATV.

A hazai hard vagy heavy metal album kategóriában az Ørdøg zenekar kapta meg a Fonogram-díjat a Sötétanyag lemezéért, az év külföldi hard rock vagy metal albuma vagy hangfelvétele kategóriában pedig a Stone Sour a Hydrograd albumért.   Életműdíjat kapott az Omega, élőben pedig az Asphalt Horsemen játszott. A gödöllői southern rockerek az Omega tiszteletére egy feldolgozást adtak elő, majd a Thank You című saját dalt is.

A közel 2 órás show-t Newik és Rácz Gergő közös produkciója nyitotta a Dirty Led Light Crew vizuális élményével kiegészítve. A szakmai kategóriák nyertesei sorban vették át a Fonogram – Magyar Zenei Díjakat, eközben Király Viktor egy különleges hangszerelésben adta elő Budapest Girl című aktuális slágerét.

Színpadra lépett az év felfedezettje kategória nyertese, a Soulwave, valamint az év hazai modern pop-rock albuma vagy hangfelvétele kategóriában győzedelmeskedő Heincz Gábor ‘Biga’. Az életműdíjak (Omega zenekar, Abella Miklós) átadását követően az Asphalt Horsemen zenekar zárta a 2018-as gálaestet.

12 hazai és 6 külföldi kategóriában a zenei újságírókból, rádiósokból, zenészekből, producerekből és további szakemberekből álló zsűri szavazatai alapján két fordulóban dőlt el, hogy a zenei szakma mely hangfelvételeket tartotta az elmúlt év legkiemelkedőbb zenei alkotásainak.

  Az év hazai hard rock vagy metal albuma vagy hangfelvétele ØRDØG – Sötétanyag (EDGE Records – HMR Music Kft.) APEY & THE PEA – HEX (MMM Records) AWS – Kint a vízből (EDGE Records – HMR Music Kft.) LEANDER KILLS – Élet a halál előtt (Keytracks Hungary) PETA – Homo Imperfectus (Szerzői kiadás)

  Az év külföldi hard rock vagy metal albuma vagy hangfelvétele GOJIRA – Magma (Magneoton / Warner Music) KORN – The Serenity Of Suffering (Magneoton / Warner Music) MARILYN MANSON – Heaven Upside Down (Universal Music Hungary) MASTODON – Emperor Of Sand (Magneoton / Warner Music) RISE AGAINST – Wolves (Universal Music Hungary) STONE SOUR – Hydrograd (Magneoton / Warner Music)

Az év hazai klasszikus pop-rock albuma vagy hangfelvétele CARAMEL – 7 (Gold Record) HOOLIGANS – 20. Jubileumi Koncertshow (M-Prod Artist Kft.) IVAN & THE PARAZOL – Serial Killer (Modernial Records) LITTLE G WEEVIL – Something Poppin’ (XLNT Records) PETER KOVARY & THE ROYAL REBELS – Halfway Till Morning (Music Fashion Art & Management) ZORÁN – Aréna 2017 Unplugged (Universal Music Hungary)

Az év külföldi klasszikus pop-rock albuma vagy hangfelvétele DAVID GILMOUR – Live At Pompeii (Sony Music) JAMIROQUAI – Automaton (Universal Music Hungary) QUEENS OF THE STONE AGE – Villains (Matador Records) RED HOT CHILI PEPPERS – The Getaway (Magneoton / Warner Music) U2 – Songs Of Experience (Universal Music Hungary)

Az év hazai modern pop-rock albuma vagy hangfelvétele AMBER SMITH – New (Szerzői kiadás) FISH! – Idő van / Visszhang (Gold Record) HALOTT PÉNZ – Ahol a május földet ér / Ahol a május földet ér (JumoDaddy Remix) (Szerzői kiadás) HEINCZ GÁBOR ‘BIGA’ – Gátlás sztriptíz (Schubert Music Publishing) KOWALSKY MEG A VEGA – Kilenc (Szerzői kiadás) MARGARET ISLAND – Bakancslista / A rab gólya (Gold Record)

Az év külföldi modern pop-rock albuma vagy hangfelvétele COLDPLAY – Kaleidoscope (EP) (Magneoton / Warner Music) DUA LIPA – Dua Lipa (Magneoton / Warner Music) ED SHEERAN – ÷ (Magneoton / Warner Music) P!NK – What About Us (Sony Music) THE KILLERS – Wonderful Wonderful (Universal Music Hungary)

Az év hazai alternatív vagy indie-rock albuma vagy hangfelvétele ANNA AND THE BARBIES – Utópia (Supermanagement) APEY – Stranger (MMM Records) ELEFÁNT – Minden (Launching Gagarin Records & Management) GUSTAVE TIGER – Chaste And Mystic Tribadry (Tom-Tom Records) HIPERKARMA – délibáb (Interwurlitzer) THE CARBONFOOLS – Tau Ceti’s Lights (Gold Record) JÓNÁS VERA EXPERIMENT – Last Song (Launching Gagarin Records & Management)Ű

Az év külföldi alternatív vagy indie-rock albuma vagy hangfelvétele ARCADE FIRE – Everything Now (Sony Music) BIFFY CLYRO – Ellipsis (Magneoton / Warner Music) KASABIAN – For Crying Out Loud (Sony Music) KINGS OF LEON – WALLS (Sony Music) LIAM GALLAGHER – As You Were (Magneoton / Warner Music)

Az év hazai elektronikus zenei albuma vagy hangfelvétele BABÉ SILA – August (Mamazone) BELGA – Remix Razzia (1G Records) BRAINS – Életlen / Keep Burning (Beats Hotel Records) JÓNÁS VERA EXPERIMENT – Remixed (Launching Gagarin Records & Management) VAD FRUTTIK – HighTech (O.S. Menedzsment)

Az év külföldi elektronikus zenei albuma vagy hangfelvétele CALVIN HARRIS – Funk Wav Bounces Vol.1 (Sony Music) DAVID GUETTA – 2U (feat. Justin Bieber) / Dirty Sexy Money (feat. Afrojack & Charli XCX & French Montana) (Elephant House/ Warner Music) KYGO & SELENA GOMEZ – It Ain’t Me (Sony Music) THE CHAINSMOKERS & COLDPLAY – Something Just Like This (Sony Music) THE XX – I See You (Young Turks Recordings)

Az év hazai rap vagy hip-hop albuma vagy hangfelvétele BËLGA – Csumpa (O.S. Menedzsment) GANXSTA ZOLEE ÉS A KARTEL – K.O. / Heroin (Szerzői kiadás / Hunnia Records & Film Production) HALOTT PÉNZ – Otthon (szerzői kiadás) HŐSÖK – Rapertoár (#hősöktizenöt) / Remény / R.A.P. (feat. Siska Finuccsi, Tibbah, Phat) / Sosem elég (feat. Deego) / Vadnak születtünk / Hamis (Gold Record) MAJKA – Mindenki táncol /90`/ / Partykarantén (A Mi dalunk) / Supersonal (feat. Curtis, és a Ők) (Magneoton)

Az év külföldi rap vagy hip-hop albuma vagy hangfelvétele DRAKE – More Life (Universal Music Hungary) EMINEM – Revival (Universal Music Hungary) KENDRICK LAMAR – DAMN. (Universal Music Hungary) MARY J. BLIGE – Strength Of A Woman (Universal Music Hungary) WIZ KHALIFA – Laugh Now, Fly Later (Magneoton / Warner Music)

Az év hazai hagyományos slágerzenei albuma vagy hangfelvétele DUPLA KÁVÉ – Szegfű (Stefanus Kiadó) MR. RICK – Zárjon be a gyár 2017 (HungaroSound) PELLER KÁROLY – Operettslágerek – Slágeroperettek (GrundRecords) POLGÁR PETI – HUN a Peti (HungaroSound) VASTAG CSABA – Mindig voltak győztesek (szenes művészeti kft)

Az év hazai kortárs szórakoztatózenei albuma vagy hangfelvétele BUDAPEST VOICES – Kislemez (PR Garden) CHARLIE, HORVÁTH ÁDÁM, BUDAPEST JAZZ ORCHESTRA, BUDAPEST PHILHARMONIC ORCHESTRA – And The World Turns/A forduló világ (Vox Artis Bt.) GÁJER BÁLINT – Swing Karácsony (Universal Music Hungary) IRIGY HÓNALJMIRIGY – Origó (Pápai Joci) / Darabokra törted a számom / Ma van a szülinapom (Alma Paródia) (Gold Record) STEREO SWING FEAT SZŰCS GABI – Bug Eyed Betty / We Wanna Swing Your World (Szerzői kiadás)

Az év hazai gyermek albuma vagy hangfelvétele BUBORÉK EGYÜTTES – Locsolkodó (Szerzői kiadás) FARKASHÁZI RÉKA ÉS A TINTANYÚL – Igazi karácsony (Kolibri Kiadó) HANGSZERSIMOGATÓ – Varázslások (Egység Média) SZEGEDI SZIMFONIKUS ZENEKAR – Ludas Matyi (BonBon Matiné) ÚJ BOJTORJÁN (POMÁZI ZOLTÁN) – Gyerekkorom legszebb nyara (Szerzői kiadás)

Az év hazai jazz albuma vagy hangfelvétele GYÉMÁNT BÁLINT – True Listener (BMC Records) PÁTKAI ROZINA – Paraíso na Terra (Tom-Tom Records) PETER SARIK TRIO – Lucky Dog (Hunnia Records & Film Production) TRIO MIDNIGHT, SZAKCSI LAKATOS BÉLA, TONY LAKATOS – To Meet Again (Songs Of Pál S. Gábor) (Tom-Tom Records) TZUMO ÁRPÁD, MELISSA ALDANA, JURE PUKL, SOSO LAKATOS, JOSH GINSBURG, KYLE POOLE – Promise (Hunnia Records & Film Production)

Az év hazai világ- vagy népzenei albuma vagy hangfelvétele A KALÁKA ÉS A MISKOLCI SZIMFONIKUS ZENEKAR – Hangol már a zenekar (Gryllus kft.) FIRKIN – Into The Night (Pump Jump Records) MESZECSINKA – Álomban ébren (NarRator Records) SZALÓKI ÁGII – Fújnak a fellegek (FolkEurópa) SZIRTES EDINA MÓKUS – Ki viszi át […] Who carries love over […] / Vidróczki (Magneoton / Gryllus kft.)

Az év felfedezettje DEEP GLAZE (MZK Publishing) KOLLÁNYI ZSUZSI (Magneoton) OPITZ BARBARA (Gold Record) SOULWAVE (Universal Music Hungary) ZÄVODI (Závodi Records)