#Study medicine in Russia

[mbbsmdcom]

Advantage of Studying MBBS in Russia

Studying medicine is a significant decision, and choosing the right place to pursue your MBBS is crucial. Russia has emerged as a popular destination for medical education, offering numerous advantages to students seeking a quality medical degree. In this guide, we'll explore the benefits of studying MBBS in Russia in simple terms, along with its potential impact on your future career.

1. Affordable Education: Studying MBBS in Russia is budget-friendly. Compared to other countries, the tuition fees and living costs are reasonable. This means you can pursue your dream of becoming a doctor without worrying too much about financial burdens.

2. High-Quality Education: Russian medical universities are known for their excellent education standards. They follow international guidelines, ensuring that the education you receive is top-notch. With a degree from Russia, you'll be well-prepared for a successful career in medicine.

3. Diverse Environment: Studying MBBS in Russia exposes you to a diverse environment. You'll meet students from various backgrounds and cultures. This multicultural setting enriches your experience and helps you develop a global perspective, essential for a career in medicine..

4. Language Options: While Russian is the primary language, many universities offer MBBS programs in English. This is beneficial for international students who may not be fluent in Russian. Learning Russian alongside your studies can also be advantageous for your future medical practice.

5. Strong Academic Tradition: Russia has a rich history of excellence in medical education and research. Many medical breakthroughs have originated from Russian institutions. By studying in Russia, you become part of this legacy, gaining access to valuable academic resources and opportunities.

6. Straightforward Admission Process: Applying to study MBBS in Russia is simple. The admission process typically involves submitting academic documents and other required paperwork. Unlike some other countries, you may not need to sit for entrance exams, making the process smoother.

Studying MBBS in Russia offers numerous benefits, including affordability, quality education, global recognition, and exposure to a diverse environment. With modern facilities, a strong academic tradition, Russia provides an excellent platform for aspiring medical professionals to fulfill their dreams.

[udaybajaj]

MBBS in Russia is the best option for students who want to pursue a career in medicine and gain international experience. With modern infrastructure, experienced teachers, and a diverse student body, Russia offers the best environment for students to achieve their educational and professional goals.

[mbbsrussia]

MBBS in Russia for Indian students 2022-2023

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[thelailasblog]

[studymedicineabroad]

Study MBBS/MD in Georgia MBBS Admission is Open European University Tbilisi Georgia May Intake 2023-2024

❇️Best Medical university in Georgia

❇️The medium of instruction is English for the whole 5 years + 1-year internship.

❇️South Indian hostel available with indian cuisine 3 times daily.

❇️NMC ( MCI ) Approved Medical University

❇️separate hostels for boys and girls

❇️24/7 Library

❇️Recognized by WHO

❇️Private Medical University

[doctorbano01]

Study MBBS at Rostov State Medical University in Russia

Pursuing a medical degree is a dream for many Indian students, but the path can be challenging and expensive, especially in India. However, studying MBBS in Russia offers an affordable and high-quality alternative. Rostov State Medical University stands out as a top choice for those looking to study MBBS abroad. Here’s why:

Why Study MBBS in Russia?

Reputation: Russia is home to some of the world’s most prestigious medical universities, recognized globally by organizations like WHO and MCI.

Affordability: Tuition and living expenses in Russia are much lower than in many other nations.

Global Recognition: Degrees from Russian universities, including Rostov State Medical University, are recognized worldwide, allowing graduates to practice in various countries.

About Rostov State Medical University

Established: 1930, with a strong reputation for quality medical education.

Location: Rostov-on-Don, a city known for its vibrant culture and history.

Programs Offered: A range of undergraduate and postgraduate medical programs, with MBBS being the flagship course.

Key Benefits of Studying at Rostov State Medical University

High-Quality Education

The curriculum meets international standards, with English as the medium of instruction.

Experienced faculty and a strong emphasis on both theoretical and practical skills.

Affordable Tuition Fees

Significantly economical than private medical institutes in India.

The cost for living in Russia is minimal..

Global Recognition

Degrees are recognized worldwide.

Graduates can practice in countries like India, the USA, the UK, and more.

Multicultural Environment

Students from various countries create a diverse and inclusive atmosphere.

Exposure to different cultures enhancing the learning experience.

Modern Infrastructure

 Modern amenities include spacious laboratories and research centers.

Comfortable hostels and recreational facilities for a diverse experience.

Admission Process

Eligibility: 12th grade completion with a focus on Physics, Chemistry, and Biology.

Entrance Exam:  NEET exam report is required.

Documentation: Transcripts, a valid passport, and a medical certificate are typically needed.

Student Life

Vibrant Campus Life

Extracurricular activities include sporting activities, cultural events, and student clubs.

International students can benefit from support programs to help them adapt to life in Russia.

City Life

Rostov-on-Don offers a rich cultural experience with opportunities to explore local heritage.

Clinical Training

Practical Experience

Affiliation with leading hospitals for practical training.

Early involvement in patient care, diagnostics, and treatment.

Skill Development

Practical training is crucial for developing competence and confidence in medical practice.

Challenges and Solutions

Adapting to a New Environment

Language hurdles and cultural differences can be difficult to adapt.

Rostov State Medical University provides support services and language classes to help with the move.

Support Network

A vibrant community of Indian students and alumni offers guidance and support.

Career Prospects

Global Opportunities

Graduates may come back to India to take the FMGE or explore opportunities in other countries.

The university's academic and practical training prepare students for a variety of licensing exams.

Further Studies

Options for postgraduate programs or specializations.

Strong alumni network and collaborations with global institutions.

Studying MBBS in Russia at Rostov State Medical University is a wise decision for your future. The combination of high-quality education, low tuition, and international recognition makes it an outstanding choice for Indian students. Whether you opt for to practice in India or overseas, your education and experience at Rostov will lay a solid foundation for a successful medical career.

[mokshconsultant]

MBBS in Russia 2024 Overview

Throughout history, Russia has consistently stood as India's steadfast ally since gaining independence. This enduring alliance has played a pivotal role in establishing MBBS in Russia as a popular choice among Indian students. Pursuing an MBBS degree in Russia is highly coveted by Indian students seeking opportunities for medical education abroad. Since 1985, there has been a continuous influx of Indian students opting for medical programs in Russia, solidifying its reputation as a premier destination for MBBS education.

With an annual migration of over 4,000 Indian students pursuing MBBS in Russia, it is evident that more than 50% of those seeking medical education abroad choose this exceptional country. The esteemed institutions in Russia further enhance the nation's prominence in providing high-quality medical education. Consequently, opting for Medicine in Russia has become a favored decision for Indian students aspiring to excel in the international medical arena.

Why Choose MBBS in Russia

There are several advantages for Indian students studying at Russian Medical Universities, some of which are outlined below:

Affordability: Russia stands out as the most cost-effective option among all study-abroad destinations for medical students.

Quality of Education: Russia provides superior education within a comparable budget to other options like Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, etc.

NMC Guidelines: MBBS education in Russia aligns with the latest guidelines set by the National Medical Commission (NMC) for the Licensing Exam in India (NExT).

Medicine Syllabus: The curriculum of the Medicine degree program in Russia encompasses all 19 subjects, mirroring the offerings in medical colleges in India.

Internship: The MBBS course in Russia dedicates a total period of over one year to clinical exposure, meeting the requirements set by the NMC.

Global Exposure: Russian medical universities welcome students from around the world, providing genuine global exposure.

Safety: Russia prioritizes tradition and family ties, fostering an environment free from racism or religious discrimination.

[blueiscoool]

A Mummified 44,000-Year-Old Wolf Found in Siberian Permafrost

Scientists perform necropsy on an ancient wolf pulled from Russian permafrost that may still have prey in its stomach.

In a first-of-its-kind discovery, a complete mummified wolf was pulled from the permafrost in Siberia, after being locked away for more than 44,000 years. Scientists have now completed a necropsy (an animal autopsy) on the ancient predator, which was discovered by a river in the Republic of Sakha — also known as Yakutia — in 2021.

This is the first complete adult wolf dating to the late Pleistocene (2.6 million to 11,700 years ago) ever discovered, according to a translated statement from the North-Eastern Federal University in Yakutsk, where the necropsy was performed. The discovery, scientists say, will help us better understand life in the region during the last ice age.

Photos from the necropsy show the wolf's mummified body in exquisite detail. Animals are preserved in permafrost through a type of mummification involving cold and dry conditions. Soft tissues are dehydrated, allowing the body to be preserved in a frozen time capsule.

Researchers took samples of the wolf's internal organs and gastrointestinal tract to detect ancient viruses and microbiota, and to understand its diet when it died.

"His stomach has been preserved in an isolated form, there are no contaminants, so the task is not trivial," Albert Protopopov, head of the department for the study of mammoth fauna of the Academy of Sciences of Yakutia, said in the statement. "We hope to obtain a snapshot of the biota of the ancient Pleistocene."

He added the wolf, which tooth analysis revealed was male, would've been an "active and large predator," so they will be able to find out what it was eating, along with the diet of its victims, which "also ended up in his stomach."

Another key aspect of the necropsy is looking at the ancient viruses the wolf may have harbored. "We see that in the finds of fossil animals, living bacteria can survive for thousands of years, which are a kind of witnesses of those ancient times," Artemy Goncharov, who studies ancient viruses at the North-Western State Medical University in Russia, and is part of the team analyzing the wolf, said in the statement.

He said the research project will aid their understanding of ancient microbial communities and the role of harmful bacteria during this period. "It is possible that microorganisms will be discovered that can be used in medicine and biotechnology as promising producers of biologically active substances," he added.

The wolf necropsy is part of an ongoing project to study the wildlife that lived in the region during the Pleistocene. Other species examined include ancient hares, horses and a bear from the Holocene. The team plans to study the wolf's genome to understand how it relates to other ancient wolves from the region, and how it compares to its living relatives. The team now plans to start studying another ancient wolf discovered in the Nizhnekolymsk region of northeast Siberia in 2023.

By Hannah Osborne.

[afeelgoodblog]

1. New Jersey Governor Declares State a 'Safe Haven' for Gender-Affirming Care

New Jersey’s Democratic governor has a message for the LGBTQ+ community. He issued an executive order on Tuesday indicating that, unlike in some Republican-controlled states, New Jersey is open and welcoming to everybody regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity. In addition, he says New Jersey is a “safe haven” for those seeking gender-affirming care.

2. Watch Ocean Cleanup remove the 200,000th kilogram of plastic from the Pacific Ocean

3. Finland becomes 31st member of NATO, doubling the alliance's border with Russia

Finland has become the 31st member of the Nato security alliance, doubling the length of member states' borders with Russia.The Finnish foreign minister handed the accession document to the US secretary of state who declared Finland a member.

Then in bright sunshine in front of Nato's gleaming new headquarters, Finland's white-and-blue flag joined a circle of 30 other flags.Finland's accession is a setback for Russia's Vladimir Putin. He had repeatedly complained of Nato's expansion before his full-scale invasion of Ukraine.

4. Captive orca Lolita set for release into 'home waters' after 50 years at Miami Seaquarium

The killer whale known as Lolita appears one step closer to returning to its natural habitat of the Pacific Northwest, after performing at a Miami tourist attraction for decades. It was taken from the ocean in 1970. But after a long-running dispute over where Lolita belongs, officials from various parties announced Thursday a "binding agreement" to take Lolita -- also known as Tokitae or Toki -- to its "home waters."

"Lolita will receive the highest quality care as the team works to make relocation possible in the next 18 to 24 months," Miami Seaquarium said in a statement Thursday.

5. Nature prescriptions shown to reduce blood pressure, depression, anxiety, and loneliness

A new study published in The Lancet Planetary Health suggests that nature prescriptions, which recommend spending time in nature, can provide both physical and mental health benefits. Patients who followed these prescriptions had reduced blood pressure, lower depression and anxiety scores, and a higher daily step count.

Research shows that contact with nature reduces harms, including those from poor air quality, heatwaves, and chronic stress, while encouraging healthy behaviours such as socialising and physical activity. This can help to prevent issues including loneliness, depression and cardiovascular disease.

6. Library Receives Flood Of Donations For Beloved Cat

The Ashville Free Library recently began a fundraiser to help pay for the aging cat’s veterinary care. After a story on Libby was published, donations to the library poured in. Director Kristina Benson called the community response overwhelming. As of Thursday, more than $2,900 had been raised.

Benson reported that Libby, the cat — who has recently been suffering from a cold — is now doing much better now that she has her medicine. Benson expects to keep the GoFundMe up until sometime next week.

7. Mother and baby reunited in Turkey nearly two months after earthquake

A mother has been reunited with her baby in southern Turkey after a DNA test confirmed it was her daughter, almost two months after the devastating earthquake, the country's family ministry said.

The three-and-a-half-month old "miracle baby", called Vetin, was pulled out of the rubble of a building in the province of Hatay more than five days after the Feb. 6 quake with no health problems.

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[burningreactor]

Beslan school siege (1-3 September 2004)

333 people died (186 children), 783 were injured

On the morning of September 1, 2004, during the celebration of the beginning of the new school year, terrorists attacked School № 1 in the city of Beslan (North Ossetia). The terrorist attack in Beslan was the final in a series of terrorist attacks committed in Russia in 2004, after which the country's political leadership implemented a number of serious legislative reforms. Shamil Basayev claimed responsibility for organizing the attack, publishing a statement on the website of the Chechen separatists "Kavkaz-Center" on September 17, 2004.

On September 1, 2004, a group of armed militants drove up to the school building. Shooting into the air, the terrorists drove all the children present, their parents and relatives, as well as school staff into the building.

Most of the hostages were herded into the main gym. The militants took away their things, began to barricade the building and install improvised explosive devices. The terrorists studied the school's plan in advance.

The authorities knew how many people were being held hostage. They began to pull special forces to the school, organized the operational headquarters of the counter-terrorism operation, and opened a criminal case. However, all official reports said that there were not as many hostages in the school as there actually were. Figures ranging from 120 to 354 people were mentioned. "If they think that there are 300 of you, then we will make sure that there are so many of you left here!" — one of the terrorists told the hostages.

Two hours after the seizure of the school, the terrorists handed over a note from one of the hostages, in which they voiced their demands. The negotiators asked for water and medicines to be handed over to the hostages, offered to exchange children for adults — and also offered free way to terrorists in Chechnya and Ingushetia. All offers were rejected.

At about 16:00, an explosion occurred at the school. One of the suicide bombers blew up next to the hostages who barricaded the building. Another militant was seriously wounded. Following this, the terrorists shot 21 hostages.

Vladimir Putin addressed the nation only a day later, at 11:00 a.m. on September 2. The terrorists continued negotiations, but they did not lead to anything. Officially, the authorities claimed that the terrorists did not negotiate and did not demand anything. In fact, they handed over a videotape with Shamil Basayev's direct appeal to Putin through the hostages. The leader of the Chechen militants demanded the cessation of hostilities and the withdrawal of Russian army from Chechnya.

On September 3, at 13:03 and at 13:05, two explosions occurred at the school, after which the assault began. Both military and unarmed civilians rushed to the school. At 13:19, the third explosion occurred. By this time, there was already an intense firefight at the school, and the hostages were randomly evacuated, or they tried to escape on their own. At 13:30, the roof collapsed in the gym.

Only 116 dead bodies were found in the gym. According to a report by military expert Yuri Saveliev, most of the hostages died in the southern wing of the school, where they were taken by terrorists after the first explosions. This wing was without bombs. It was demolished immediately after the terrorist attack on the night of September 4.

On September 6 and 7, mourning was declared in Russia. Spontaneous rallies have been going on in North Ossetia for almost two weeks demanding that the perpetrators of the terrorist attack be named and brought to justice. Rallies were held in other Russian cities as well. Most Russians were of the opinion that the hostage rescue operation had failed.

On September 15, classes began in Beslan schools, but parents were afraid to let their children go to school. Classes began with a minute of silence, and since then every new academic year in North Ossetia begins with mourning events.

[mbbsrussia]

MBBS in Russia for Indian students 2022-2023

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[fanficfish]

explaining characters in hetalia badly: family member archtype edition

an incomplete list for funsies

just imagine they're all at a big family reunion lol

Germany: The closeted cousin who still hasn't figured it out.

Prussia: The cool older cousin who's jacked up on the remnants of the energy drinks he chugged during finals week trying to study for his med school exams. Probably specialized in kids medicine, but he's too jittery to confirm.

Italy V: The cousin who's a cousin because someone married someone a couple months ago and has no idea about all the ettiquette rules ye and what not to discuss in front of Great Aunt Sarah.

China: Great Aunt Sarah

Italy R: The cousin who's just hit his highschool years, and has decided MHA and Valorant is his whole personality.

England: The one manning the grill.

France: The one actually manning the grill.

America: The guy who's young enough to be your older brother but old enough that he's a dad. Don't worry, he's cool- he won't make you babysit, but he's gonna show up with those kids in biker jackets and they'll do a fun dance to entertain everyone halfway through dinner.

Russia: The uncle that apparently is a war vet. Definitely saw things he shouldn't have seen and you don't leave your kids with him. Tells the wildest stories over dinner though.

Canada: The cousin who you forget exists because he's actually normal. Actuality has probably spiked something.

Japan: The one hiding in a room playing video games. He might share if you ask nicely.

Lithuania: Someone's spouse. Not sure whose, but he made a nice caserole.

Sweden: That one distant relative who you almost forgot to invite.

Finland: The guy who showed up and you're not sure where he came from, but he's kinda fun so no one questions it.

Norway: The one who was forced to tag along with the rest of the family.

Iceland: The one who pretends he doesn't want to be there but he'd show up even if he wasn't invited because the food is kinda good.

Denmark: The one bringing the alcohol and manning the bar you didn't kow you had.

Latvia: The one trying to sneak underage drinks.

Estonia: The one pretending to be a normal person with his "honor student" and "full ride scholarship next year" but is secretly helping Latvia sneak a drink.

Spain: The uncle who's been married ten times.

Switzerland: The one who only showed up because he was begged to. Either ends up in the corner watching the game or in the middle of the table retelling some grand tale.

Liechtenstein: The one bringing all the delicious deserts and a fruit tray and forced Switzerland to socialize.

Austria: The one insisting on putting on the radio the moment the "go ahead" for the food is said. Might have even called up everyone to remind them to bring their instruments.

Hungary: The one who gets everyone dancing the moment Austria whips out the fiddle tunes.

Seychelles: The one who innocently suggested a board game after the dance-off winds down.

Hong Kong: The cousin who sticks around long enough to say hello to the aunts and uncles and grandparents and get some food before hiding in the room with Japan.

Belarus: The cousin who's a movie-cutter highschool "popular girl" and spends the whole time on her phone texting her boyfriend.

Ukraine: The aunt that break up the board game fights and bans it from future events.

Luxenberg: You don't know what he does for a living, but he brings cool stuff for everyone.

Netherlands: The globetrotting uncle who you're pretty sure knows everyone and everything.

Belgium: The cool aunt who's single and living life.

Phillipines and Thailand: The fresh-out-of-collegers cousin who keeps taking photos of everything.

Malaysia: The fresh-out-of-colleger cousin also taking photos but only aesthetic ones.

Taiwan: The aunt that starts making smoothies unprompted.

Monaco: The cousin who brings a book to read in the corenr.

Cameron: The uncle you don't want to get into an argument about sports with. Switzerland does not head this warning.

Greece: The uncle who drove all day and night to get here with a full car, and is now knocked out on the couch.

Turkey: The funny wine grandpa.

Cyprus: The college dropout who now works at a seven-eleven.

Egypt: The cousin who's studying history and is pretty average except you have photographic evidence that he sat next to a pond and talked to ducks for half an hour and was very serious about it.

[studymedicineabroad]

There are many reasons why students from all over the world choose to study MBBS in Georgia. Georgia offers a high-quality education at an affordable price, and there are many excellent medical colleges in the country. Indian students in particular often choose to study MBBS in Georgia because of the many benefits the country offers. In this blog post, we will explore some of the reasons why MBBS in Georgia is such a popular choice for students, as well as provide an overview of the best medical colleges in the country.

[otmaaromanovas]

Vera Ignatievna Gedroits - the openly lesbian, first woman professor of surgery in Russia, who worked alongside the Romanovs

Princess Vera Ignatievna Gedroits was a doctor, surgeon, poet, and pioneer of medicine. Vera worked alongside Tsarina Alexandra and Grand Duchesses Olga and Tatiana Nikolaevna, working with the Red Cross to treat injured soldiers during the First World War. 

** content warning for mention of suicide **

Born as a Princess of royal Lithuanian descent in 1870 in Kyiv, Vera is thought to have developed an interest in medicine following the passing of her little brother Sergei during childhood. Vera later wrote under the pen name ‘Sergei Gedroits’ in honour of him. 

In 1892, Vera was arrested for participating in the Populist movement. Freed and undeterred, Vera was adamant to continue her medical studies. An open lesbian, Vera entered into a marriage of convenience with friend Nikolai Belozerov, permitting the obtaining of a new passport to travel, allowing her to pursue her dream of a medical career without the restriction of borders and her previous name being on police records. Despite their marriage being one of convenience, rather that romantic love, Vera and Nikolai were close friends, and stayed in contact through letters.

In 1903, Vera obtained the title of ‘female doctor’, but later that year attempted suicide. Vera’s mental health had declined due to an overwhelming personal family life, the death of her sister, exhausting workload, and breakup of a relationship with a lady in Switzerland. The following year, Vera had recovered, and the outbreak of the Russo-Japanese war led to her working in horse-drawn mobile hospitals. 

Working with wounded patients, Vera took detailed notes which allowed the making of the connection between injuries and the weapon used to inflict them. Interestingly, Vera did not shy away from abdominal operations, which was irregular due to previous thoughts that such injuries were ‘inoperable’. Often, patients with such injuries were refused surgery and were sadly left to pass away.

Following the War, Vera worked provincially, attending to 125,363 patients. This pioneering work was recognised by Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna in 1909, who invited Vera to take the position of Senior Court Physician. Vera was the first woman to serve as a physician in the Imperial Palace. Vera wrote ‘Conversations on Surgery for Sisters and Doctors’ to help the Palace understand the profession. Vera would eventually write 58 scientific papers. Vera earned a Doctorate of Surgery on May 11 1912, the first woman in the history of the University of Moscow to do so. 

Following the outbreak of the First World War, Vera helped to install physiotherapy equipment and X-ray machines in hospitals to aid recovery. Vera taught Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna and her daughters, Grand Duchesses Olga and Tatiana, medical work, and they assisted with operations. Vera worked alongside Imperial Physician Dr. Evgeny Botkin to help connect infirmaries to railways and supplies. Vera occasionally travelled to the front lines to help provide surgery directly at the scene, and in one case performed over 30 operations over a three day period. 

Vera is recorded as having little patience for the infamous Grigori Rasputin, with one source recording the shoving of Rasputin ‘into a corridor when he refused to get out’ of the way.

There are no records that suggest that the patients or the Romanovs objected to Vera's sexuality, though there was disapproval of her continuing to remain in Tsarskoe Selo to continue military surgery after the Revolution. If anything, she was renowned as one of the most capable and intelligent women of the era. Vera wore a surgeon's cap rather than the head coverings that nurses and Sisters of Mercy wore.

During the First World War, Vera met fellow nurse Countess Maria Dmitrievna Nirod-Mukhanova, a widowed maid-of-honour at the palace. The pair fell in love and started a relationship, which would last for the rest of Vera’s life. Maria had three children: Dmitri Feodorovich, Marina Feodorovna, and Feodor Feodorovich. The children knew about their mother's relationship with Vera, as they lived as a married couple whilst caring for and raising them. Some sources suggest that Vera and Maria had a marriage ceremony.

By the late 1920s, Vera was living with Maria, who worked as a surgeon, in Kyiv after the couple and Maria’s children escaped Revolution, taking refuge with monks. They spent eighteen years together. The pair lived as a married couple. In 1932, Vera passed away aged 61 after a diagnosis of uterine cancer. Maria continued Vera’s work by operating a pharmacy that provided free medicine to the poor. Maria passed away in 1965 aged 86. The above image is the only photo that has been attributed to her.

Vera defied all the social norms, becoming a pioneer of medicine and challenging traditions within the profession, saving thousands of lives in the process. Vera’s legacy lives on today.

SOURCES:

Hands that bring back to life. Vera Ignatievna Gedroits - surgeon and poet by V.G. Khokhlov

Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library

Wartime albums of Olga Nikolaevna and Tatiana Nikolaevna, Last Romanovs on Flickr

The Princess who Transformed War Medicine - BBC

Princess Vera Gedroits: military surgeon, poet, and author by J.D.C. Bennet

The Diary of Olga Romanov : Royal Witness to the Russian Revolution by Helen Azar

Tatiana Romanov, Daughter of the Last Tsar : Diaries and Letters, 1913-1918 by Helen Azar and Nicholas B.A. Nicholson