#Skin Treatment in Malvern

[plusscalpandskin]

Skin Treatment in Malvern: Get Your Glow On!

Hey there, beautiful! Feeling blah about your skin? Well, no worries - Plus Scalp and Skin Clinic in Malvern's got you covered! So, let's chat about how we can help you rock that gorgeous skin you've always wanted.

Why Us for Your Skin Treatment in Malvern?

Okay, so here's the deal. First off, we know your skin's as unique as you are. That's why we don't do cookie-cutter treatments. Instead, we're all about that personalized touch. Zits giving you grief? Or maybe fine lines making you frown? Whatever's bugging you, we're all ears. And guess what? On top of that, we've got some pretty nifty tricks to make your skin do a happy dance.

Our Skin-tactic Treatments

We've got a whole bag of goodies to make your skin look fab. For instance, if acne's acting up, we'll show those spots who's boss. Additionally, if you're feeling a bit meh about aging, our treatments can smooth things out and give you that "I woke up like this" glow. Moreover, those pesky dark spots and scars? We'll tackle those too. Cool, right?

Chill Vibes for Your Skin Care

Now, I know what you're thinking. "Ouch, is this going to hurt?" Chill, my friend! We're all about keeping things comfy here. In fact, there's no scary stuff, just gentle TLC for your skin. Plus, our team? Total sweethearts. So, if you've got questions, fire away - we love a good skin care chat!

What's the Deal When You Visit?

Pop in, and we'll roll out the red carpet (okay, maybe not literally, but you get the idea). First up, we'll have a good old natter about your skin dreams. Then, we'll cook up a plan that's just your flavor. While we work our magic, you just kick back and relax. Afterwards, we'll spill the tea on keeping your skin looking awesome at home.

Come On Down!

So, if you're hunting for the best skin treatment in Malvern, why not give us a bell? We're here to help you get that healthy, glowing skin you've been crushing on. Therefore, don't be shy - book a visit today and let's get this skin party started!

Wanna know more? Well then, check out our website at Plus Scalp and Skin Clinic. Can't wait to see your gorgeous face!

[diorclinic]

Reputed Skin Rejuvenation Clinic in Pascoe Vale Are you tired of looking in the mirror and seeing dull and lifeless skin staring back at you? Di-Or Medical and Skin Rejuvenation Clinic is here to rescue you from your beauty woes. As your trusted skin specialist in Pascoe Vale, we offer a wide range of cosmetic and beauty services to help you achieve that radiant and glowing skin you’ve been dreaming of. Our expert team of skin therapists understands that everyone’s skin is different and requires a personalized approach. That’s why we provide FREE consultations to discuss your skin goals and create a customized treatment plan just for you. Our skin rejuvenation clinic offers various treatments such as microdermabrasion, photorejuvenation, and chemical peels, among others in Pascoe Vale.  Book an appointment today with us via https://www.diorclinic.com.au/ and say goodbye to dull skin forever.

[purifyskinclinic]

HIFU Treatment Melbourne

HIFU is an advanced non-invasive lunchtime facelift treatment that can help with wrinkles, fine lines, sagging skin on the neck and body. It is suitable for most skin types and there’s no recovery period needed.

HIFU uses ultrasound energy to target a tissue site below the surface of your skin, causing no damage to the upper layers. It’s also TGA listed and backed by multiple peer review clinical papers.

How Does HIFU Work?

A HIFU treatment Melbourne works by targeting collagen beneath the skin. This causes the skin to contract and tighten, giving it a rejuvenated appearance. The treatment can also help reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles.

HIFU uses sound waves to target tissue without damaging the surrounding cells. Its ultrasound machine narrows beams of energy to a specific spot, up to 4.5mm under the skin’s surface. These beams are heated to a temperature that destroys (ablates) the tissue.

The HIFU procedure doesn’t require anesthetic or downtime. Some patients experience mild discomfort during the treatment, but over-the-counter pain relievers can prevent this.

A HIFU session lasts up to 2 hours, depending on the area treated. The dermal therapist will clean the skin before starting the procedure. Then, they will apply a gel to the targeted area of the face. A topical numbing cream may be used, too. Patients should avoid consuming alcohol or caffeine before their HIFU treatment.

What Are the Benefits of HIFU?

HIFU has been shown to stimulate collagen production and tighten skin. It is ideal for body sculpting (post pregnancy tummy, abdomen fat, bingo wings, thighs) as well as improving 'crepey' arms and knees. HIFU also works to reduce unwanted facial fats by targeting the 'double chin' area and cheeks. It can also be used to lift the eyebrows, eliminating the 'hooding' appearance and giving a fresher, lifted look.

HIFU facial treatments work as a non-invasive facelift, ironing out fine lines, shrinks pores, targets the 'V' line formation and jowl lines and improves overall skin tone and texture. It may be a good first treatment for those with moderate ageing and loose skin, especially if it is paired with fillers to help replace lost volume.

Some people experience slight discomfort during the HIFU treatment, but most describe it as a light prickly sensation. We recommend taking acetaminophen or an NSAID (such as ibuprofen) prior to the treatment to help with any pain you may have.

What Can I Expect from HIFU?

HIFU uses ultrasound technology to stimulate your body’s natural healing process and collagen production. The results are naturally occurring, long-lasting and extremely safe. HIFU can treat several skin concerns, such as pore size and appearance, skin texture and tone and fine lines and wrinkles. It can also help with contouring and slimming the chin and jaw line, as well as restoring firmness to the neck and face.

During the treatment, an acoustic lens concentrates multiple intersecting beams of ultrasound energy to a single point deep in the tissue. This creates a concentrated thermal (heating) effect at the target area. You might feel a slight discomfort during the procedure, but this usually only lasts during the treatment. You can take an over-the-counter pain reliever, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, if needed.

If you’re looking for a clinic that provides quality, professional and honest guidance to achieve genuine skin results, visit us at SkinCarely within Somatic Healthcare in Melbourne. We are a short drive away from Malvern, Doncaster, Caufield and South Yarra.

What Are the Side Effects of HIFU?

The ultrasound energy targets the fat layer below the skin and destroys the tissue. It leaves the upper layers of the skin unharmed. The heat of the ultrasound damage encourages your body to create more collagen, a protein that provides structure to the skin. The resulting tighter, firmer skin reduces the appearance of wrinkles and sagging.

The treatment is considered safe for most people. It may cause some redness and swelling afterward, but this should fade quickly. You may also experience some fatigue in the days following your treatment.

This type of treatment is not recommended for people who have a swollen prostate or an infection in the area. It can also cause a long-lasting urinary problem if it damages the nerves that control your bladder (urinary incontinence). It can also cause problems with the tubes that carry sperm from your testicles (erectile dysfunction). This is not likely, but if it does happen, you will need to use a catheter until the problem resolves.

[careproviders8]

Know Everything About Skin Needling Melbourne | Malvernskinstudio

Skin Needling, otherwise called Dermal Rolling, has been all the rage in the most recent couple of years and keeps on acquiring fame. Healthy skin and magnificence lovers the same depend on it. In any case, how does Skin Needling Melbourne respond, and what would it be able to treat?

What can Skin Needling treat?

Skin Needling is the one-stop hostile to maturing skin treatment! It animates the creation of your collagen to make smoother, better skin. Skin Needling benefits incorporate lessening the presence of:

• Acne scarring

• Fine lines

• Pigmentation

• Enlarged pores

• Scarring

• Stretch marks

The outcomes are further developed skin surface, all the more even complexion and an overall sound shine.

How frequently would it be advisable for me to seek Skin Needling medicines?

This relies upon your singular treatment plan and your treatment objectives. Overall, we suggest 3-6 medicines with every treatment divided 4 a month and a half separated. Note, every individual will fluctuate somewhat, and our skin advisor will inform you of the suggested number regarding medicines at your free meeting.

How does skin needling work?

As each fine needle penetrates the skin, it makes a channel or miniature injury. The microchannels made precipitously close following 10 minutes with the goal that epidermal boundary honesty stays flawless.

The needles harm shallow dermal collagen strands and little veins setting off a controlled course of irritation, including the arrival of platelet-inferred development factors changing development factor-alpha and beta (TGF β-3), connective tissue enacting protein, connective tissue development factor, and fibroblast development factor. These lead to the creation of new collagen, elastin, and vessels.

Neovascularisation and neocollagenesis lead to thickened skin and decreased scars, with the further developed skin surface, immovability, and hydration.

Advantages of skin needling

Skin needling's advantages are recorded beneath.

• It is utilized to limit scars from skin break out, medical procedures, warm consumption, chickenpox, or injury.

• Skin needling is utilized for facial revival, less discernible differences and kinks, and further developing complexion, surface, and pigmentation.

• There is a decreased danger of hyperpigmentation and scarring with skin needling contrasted with more intrusive strategies, and accordingly, it is more secure on the ethnic or brown complexion.

• It is reasonable for slender and touchy skin.

• The treatment can be acted in an office setting and needn't bother with any broad extraordinary preparing or costly instruments.

• The method is very much endured and all around acknowledged by patients.

• It is practical and should be possible on spaces of skin that are not reasonable for stripping or laser reemerging, for example, close to eyes.

• As went against ablative laser restoring, the epidermis stays flawless and isn't harmed. Thus, the activity can be securely rehashed if necessary.

• Treatment doesn't bring about a boundary line between treated and untreated skin, as ordinarily happens with other reemerging systems. This considers explicit spaces of scarring to be treated without the need to 'mix' or 'quill' at the treatment edges.

• The patient can continue normal exercises within a couple of days, contingent upon the profundity of infiltration of the needles. Led Light Therapy Malvern Treatment alternatives like laser reemerging or dermabrasion are regularly connected with impressive horribleness and vacation from day by day exercises of the patient in the post-treatment time frame.

[malvernsmilestudioaus]

Why do Every Expert Dentist Recommend Laser Dentistry in Malvern ?

Every professional dentist in Malvern often resorts to laser dentistry for carrying out many dental procedures. The procedure owes its popularity to its preciseness and effectiveness. However, success rate of the process typically depends on the dentists’ dexterity to contain exposure duration on the tissue and power output. It is only a highly skilled professional who can treat a highly specific area of focus without affecting any surrounding tissues adversely. 

Laser Dentistry — A Brief Introduction 

Professionals practising at Malvern east dental clinics often propagate that the process deploys usage of high-powered beams of light energy to make dental procedures more comfortable, easier and faster. In laser dentistry, each laser has its own wavelength of light that enables professionals to carry out multiple procedures. It aids in a plethora of oral treatments. 

Elimination and shaping of soft tissues, augmenting specific chemical reactions, and cutting through hard tissues, such as tooth enamel are some of the processes that are commonly carried out deploying this technology. It also facilitates enamel and dentin processes, whitening treatments, filling cavities, eliminating caries and much more. 

Lasers cauterise as it cuts through the skin, resulting in less bleeding during both the procedure and throughout the recovery period. They also disinfect, decreasing all risk of bacterial infection, post treatment. Moreover, the laser state-of-art prospects allow professionals to carry out treatments frequently with nominal anaesthetics or drills. 

Conclusion 

The unique abilities of laser technology eliminates all requirements of sutures or stitches to heal. With laser dentistry, healing occurs much quicker and aids in more effective regeneration of tissues. It results in lower recovery time, enabling you to return to your daily routine faster. Thus, it also demands lesser official visits to the clinic. 

Laser treatments extend better accuracy with lesser disturbance to the tissue, which, in turn, decreases discomfort and pain. There is no denying dental processes carried out with lasers offer numerous benefits. 

Contact your nearest clinic for the  best service.

[waxedau]

Laser treatment is a proven way to remove your hair, know how?

In case you’re not content with shaving, tweezing, or waxing to eliminate unwanted hair, laser hair removal may be a choice worth considering. Laser hair evacuation is quite possibly the most generally done corrective method. laser hair removal Malvern radiates profoundly focused light into hair follicles. Color in the follicles assimilates the light.

That annihilates the hair.

Speed. Each beat of the laser takes a negligible portion of a second and can treat numerous hairs simultaneously. If we are talking about hair removal & we can’t include laser removal- it’s unbelievable. Little zones, for example, the upper lip can be treated in under a moment, and huge territories, for example, the back or legs, may take up to an hour.

Treatments Don’t Take Long

Laser hair expulsion medicines are a lot speedier than you may anticipate. It takes around 20 minutes to perform treatment on underarms or the two-piece region and just about an hour for territories like arms and legs. Try not to hope to go throughout the day in the spa while having laser hair evacuation done – you’ll be done instantly.

Dispense with Ingrown Hairs

You can forestall and take out ingrown hairs with laser hair evacuation. It is the best answer to ensure you don’t experience the ill effects of a bothersome ingrown hair and hazard needing it eliminated. eyelash extension Bentleigh is likewise an extraordinary alternative for individuals who have touchy skin and have skin disturbance in the wake of shaving or waxing.

Saves Time

As we see that it’s not a time-consuming process, so it makes save your valuable time with considering safety factors in our mind. With laser hair expulsion, you at this point don’t need to invest energy shaving or going to arrangements to get the hair waxed. In short, you don’t have to take tension about your hair removal process- because Laser treatment makes it easier. You will have clean-cut skin without the issue of shaving or waxing. So, indeed time-saving in Hair removal treatment is really helpful.

Exact

Laser hair removal process explicitly targets hairs that had filicides & other issues. This is a specific advantage over exceptional beat light (IPL) hair expulsion as the utilization of the laser makes it more fit to treating individuals with brown complexion tones. The exactness additionally implies you ought to get results sooner. The finishing you’ll get is such tremendous. It may fulfill your requirement as it works with ease & saves up money as well.

Conclude everything, Laser hair expulsion is one of the quickest developing strategies for freeing the group of undesirable hair. The allure of laser hair expulsion comes from its adequacy, effectiveness, and comfort. laser hair removal Malvern very well may be performed basically anyplace on the body where you experience undesirable hair development. Another justification for its ubiquity is that laser hair expulsion can bring about a perpetual decrease of the hair.

[plusscalpandskin]

Discover Amazing Skin Treatments in Malvern

Hey there! Dreaming of glowing skin? Well, you're in luck! Let's chat about the fantastic skin treatments Malvern offers at Plus Scalp And Skin Clinic. Trust me, your skin is in for a real treat!

Personalized Skin Treatments Malvern: Show Your Skin Some Love!

First off, our skin is incredibly important. In fact, it's like our body's personal bodyguard. That's why we need to give it lots of love and care. At our clinic, we understand that everyone's skin is unique. Therefore, we offer a variety of skin treatments in Malvern tailored just for you.

 Microdermabrasion: Your Ticket to Smooth Skin

Have you heard of microdermabrasion? It's basically a super-powered face scrub. This amazing treatment whisks away dead skin cells, unclogs those pesky pores, and even boosts collagen production. As a result, you'll get skin that's smoother than silk and brighter than ever. Plus, it works wonders for all skin types!

 Chemical Peels: Don't Let the Name Scare You!

Now, don't run away when you hear "chemical peel." Surprisingly, these treatments are quite gentle. They work by removing dull outer skin layers, thus revealing the fresh, youthful skin hiding underneath. Moreover, if you're dealing with sun damage or uneven skin tone, a chemical peel might be your new best friend.

Laser Treatments: High-Tech Solutions for Stubborn Issues

For those tough skin problems that just won't budge, we've got laser treatments up our sleeve. These high-tech procedures are like skin superheroes, targeting specific issues with incredible precision. Whether you're battling acne, visible blood vessels, or unwanted hair, our lasers are ready to come to your rescue.

Beautiful Skin Starts from Within

Here's a little secret - great skin isn't just about what you put on it. Instead, it's also about how you treat it from the inside out. That's why we're not just about treatments. We're here to be your skin's BFF, giving you all the tips and tricks you need. From finding the perfect products to advising on sun protection and hydration, we've got your back.

So, there you have it! If you're on the hunt for top-notch skin treatments in Malvern, Plus Scalp And Skin Clinic is the place to be. We're not just about fancy treatments - we're about making you feel fantastic in your own skin. Why not pop in for a chat? Your skin will thank you!

Remember, while great skin doesn't happen overnight, with a little patience and the right care, you'll be glowing in no time. So, what are you waiting for? Let's get this skin party started!

[facialacupuncture-blog]

Maintain Body Posture by Energizing session of Massage in Malvern

In the current era of hectic or busy corporate life, every individual feels rejuvenated by relaxing massage in Malvern. It ensures to improve physical performance and mobility. The therapist of these wellness centers use a variety of techniques to achieve desired outcome, based on their experience and proven results may be, but are not limited to trigger point therapy; they also treat patients by fascial release, joint mobilization, dry needling, muscle energy techniques and deep tissue massage and cupping.

Highly skilled massage therapist employs a wide range of techniques for stretching tissues, stimulating and relaxing the nervous system, lymphatic drainage and increasing circulation, breaking down knots in muscles. Massage is one of the effective treatments for correcting and maintaining correct posture. It is also very effective or useful in dealing with an injury. The massage therapist applies long flowing massage strokes in the direction of muscle fibers.

Sports therapist also heals the body by remedial massage. They work with you to move towards physical therapy goals and optimize your sports performance. All practitioners and staff members of these wellness centers are hired for their expertise in remedial massage therapy as their friendly personalities. Attain balanced body goals and better long term health by treatment of acupuncturist in Malvern.

All professionals of these wellness centers are well versed in acupuncture theory and practice, including techniques for facial acupuncture for skin rejuvenation. The range of modalities healing technique includes acupuncture and massage. They also assist in increasing the energy flow throughout the body and calm the nervous system. Acupuncture is apt for treating depression as it relaxes the body and aids in the release of endorphins, giving the nervous system a nice rest and lifting the mood. When an individual is confronting with anxiety; it gets hard to switch off the parade of thoughts in your mind.

While going for treatment of acupuncture during situation helps by aiding the flow of energy between the brain and body for greater balance. Acupuncture is also impactful in muscular skeletal issues such as lower back pain, sciatica, tennis elbow and shoulder pain as well as neck pain. Fertility problems or complications can also be resolved by acupuncture treatment. Source:https://sportfacial.blogspot.com/2019/12/maintain-body-posture-by-energizing-session-of-massage-in-malvern.html

[flaircareskincare-blog]

Did you know we also have an in-clinic professional skin treatment range?@flaircare skincare Malvern⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ Our selected stockists will tailor a treatment based on your skin type and skin concerns. We recommend the use of our skincare range at home daily to continue the great work achieved by your in-clinic treatment. To find your nearest stockist visit our website. Link in bio ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ ⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀⠀ #realresults #facialserum #dermatology #rejuvenation #exfoliant #cosmeceutical #instaskincare #plasticsurgeon #australianmade #youthfulskin #activeingredients #dermalclinician #nonsurgical #retinol #cosmeceuticals #skintips #sensationalskin #medicalaesthetics #dermaltherapy #cosmetics #skincarejunkie #realskincare #skinspecialist #skincareroutine #freshface #skincareblogger #skincareaddict #dermalroller #serum (at Flaircare Skincare Rejuvenation Clinic) https://www.instagram.com/p/BvKtBQ9Aq0b/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=1kgxv8337zgpp

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Best Microdermabrasion Clinics in Malvern East –Malvernskinstudio

Microdermabrasion is a treatment that utilizes a cautiously rough interaction to delicately buff away the top layer of the skin, further developing your complexion and surface. Individuals pick dermabrasion for various reasons; however, for the most part, it's utilized for working on the vibe of your skin, handling sun harm, maturing, skin break-out scarring, and some other skin concerns.

 What is Microdermabrasion?

 Microdermabrasion Malvern East is an expert skin treatment. First, a specific tool is utilized to scratch away the exceptionally top layer of skin tenderly. Then, another microdermabrasion procedure utilizes a splash containing either aluminum oxide or sodium bicarbonate to do the same thing. It's generally viewed as protected and appropriate for most skin types and skin tones.

 Microdermabrasion isn't intrusive, yet it utilizes expert abilities and devices. In that capacity, you need to have it finished by a certified proficient. You are generally in a leaned back position or resting, and the professional will work utilizing the picked apparatuses on the designated region. Generally, the treatment gets done with the utilization of a calming cream and sunscreen.

 There are three primary sorts of dermabrasion:

 • diamond-tip handpiece: This is an exceptionally planned instrument that at the same time swamps off dead cells while suctioning them away from the skin. The profundity of the Microdermabrasion is controlled by the specialist's applied pressing factor and the period on a space of skin. It's ordinarily utilized on the face, especially near the eyes, because of its exactness.

 • Crystal: Crystal Microdermabrasion shows fine gems onto the skin, focusing on the dead skin cells and the external layer. Once more, there is an in-assembled pull to eliminate the skin and utilized gems right away.

 • Hydra dermabrasion: This is a more up-to-date microdermabrasion strategy and utilizations water and oxygen to shed the skin, rather than the gems portrayed previously.

 The Procedure

 A microdermabrasion treatment is done by a dermatologist or Beauty Therapist Malvern East utilizing a handheld gadget that tenderly eliminates the top layer of skin.

 There are two distinct sorts of methods. With one, the gadget discharges small shedding gems across your skin, while a vacuum gadget attraction the gems back into the machine, alongside the dead or extricated skin.1

 The specialist moves a jewel tip wand delicately across your skin with the other sort of treatment to shed it.

 Advantages

 Since it profoundly sheds, Microdermabrasion can work on the tone and surface of your skin. On the off chance that you have a progression of medicines done (which is the thing that is suggested), you should see your complexion evening out. On the other hand, you might see conditioning of scarcely discernible differences and shallow wrinkles. Microdermabrasion can likewise assist with battling sun harm and make maturing creams more viable.

 Even though Microdermabrasion isn't suggested for those with serious or provocative skin break out, a progression of medicines can assist with lessening the arrangement of comedones and work on gentle acne.3 It can likewise assist with decreasing sleekness and make huge pores seem more modest.

 For certain individuals, Microdermabrasion can assist with easing up post-incendiary hyperpigmentation or dull skin break-out marks that stay after a pimple has recuperated.

 The vast majority get a progression of microdermabrasion medicines. Therefore, contingent upon the justification of the medicines, a normal routine incorporates five to 16 medicines, divided up to seven days separated.

[herbalbeautysalon]

Eyebrow Threading In Malverne To Make Your Eyes Completely Beautiful

Your eyes say a lot and therefore you should treat them in a better way to make beautiful and impressive. Eyebrow is the first thing comes in mind whenever it comes about the beauty of eyes. Are you looking for the best platform to have your eyebrows done nicely? Go with Herbal Beauty Salonny to have the best Eyebrow Threading In Malverne treatment at the best prices.

It is needless to say that threading is quite an old way of removing hair and it has been using in India for a long time. Threading is pretty much popular among the women to get their eye brows in the desired shape so that they would look beautiful. There would be many of you might not know about the great benefits of threading. This is a kind of hair removal procedure that does not need any chemicals. The only thing is used to do threading is a soft cotton thread. Apart from it, there are not artificial products or ingredients used in that procedure.

It means you will not have any sorts of skin irritation. If your skin is prone to redness or itchiness, do consult with the expert going to do your eyebrow threading. They will follow the sophisticated procedure in order to make you have quality based treatment. Eyebrow Threading In Malverne by Herbal Beauty Salonny is the best option to choose if you wish to have the best eyebrow treatment. So, what are you waiting for? Do visit the official site in order to get to know more about it.  The expert staff is here to assist you in a great way.

Read More:- Say No To Skin Irritation and Go With Waxing Option

[journalofsportsmedicine]

Juniper Publishers- Journal of Physical Fitness, Medicine & Treatment in Sports Complementary and Alternative Medicine: Evaluation of the impact of Biofield Energy Treatment on L-Cysteine-Juniper Publishers Introduction L-Cysteine is a semi-essential amino acid for the human body where it is available in the extracellular space in the form of L-cystine, mainly. It is classified as semi-essential as it could be biosynthesized by the body in some amount in the presence of normal conditions. The process of biosynthesis requires methionine, through which it gets the sulfur that is necessary for this process of making the amino acid. Therefore, it also makes the sulphur under the classification of an essential nutrient for the human body [1]. A transport system helps the transfer of extracellular L-cystine within the cells across the plasma membrane where it gets reduced in the form of L-cysteine by the help of thioredoxin and reduced glutathione. The role of intracellular L-cysteine is quite evident in the process of cellular homeostasis. It also acts as a precursor for the synthesis of protein as well as the production of GSH, hydrogen sulfide, and taurine [2,3]. The use of L-cysteine is also evident in the alternative medicine as a natural treatment for cardiovascular disease, inflammation, angina, chronic bronchitis, diabetes, osteoarthritis, flu, and inflammatory bowel disease, etc. [4-7]. It is also used in improving the health of lungs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, which is considered as the third most common cause of death in the United States [8]. The natural food resources that contain L-cysteine are dairy products, meat, eggs, legumes, oats, and vegetables such as, broccoli, garlic, Brussels sprouts, granola, onions, sprouted lentils, and peppers. Some studies also reported the use of L-cysteine in the prevention of colon cancer, promoting the detox, and boosting sports performance. The main health benefits of L-cysteine are supposed to occur from its antioxidant properties that also support the ability of the body in managing the blood sugar, digestive health, and the skin’s appearance [9-11]. L-cysteine is also used widely for breaking up the mucus caused by the pulmonary and respiratory conditions and it also helps in regulating the level of glutamate within the body that ultimately affects the neurons taking part in the central nervous system [12,13]. The L-cysteine deficiency might occur in the elderly and infant’s population that are unable to biosynthesize it within the body. Besides, the people having metabolic syndrome and some malabsorption issues may also have the deficiency of L-cysteine. Its deficiency can cause a slow recovery from injury and other diseases due to the compromised immune system resulted from insufficient L-cysteine in the body [14,15]. Thus, it is provided by the healthcare professionals in the form of pharmaceutical/nutraceutical formulations to supplement the bodily need. The amino acids, such as L-cysteine, are highly affected by their physicochemical properties in terms of their biological performance. Therefore, various researchers were working in this field to enhance the performance of amino acids in the body by altering the physicochemical and thermal profile, such as the particle size, surface area, crystalline structure, and melting point, etc. [16,17]. In recent days, the Biofield Energy Treatment is also used by various researchers to enhance the performance of various compounds due to its significant impact on the living and non-living objects [18,19]. The Biofield Energy is a type of energy medicine that is used as the Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) and includes the traditional as well as the contemporary models and approach to fight against various diseases [20-22]. The living organisms are known to have unique energy surrounding their body, which is known as the Biofield Energy that is an infinite and para-dimensional electromagnetic field. The Trivedi Effect® is a natural and methodically proven phenomenon in which an individual can harness this inherently intelligent energy and transfer it anywhere on the planet via the possible mediation of neutrinos [23]. The Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment has been reported for its remarkable effects in the field of biotechnology [24,25], agriculture science [26,27], human health and wellness [28-30], microbiology [31-33], livestock [34], and metals and ceramics [35,36]. The significant impact of the Trivedi Effect® is also established scientifically on the physicochemical and thermal properties of various pharmaceutical/nutraceutical and organic compounds [37-39]. Thus, this study was executed to determine the effect of the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment on the physicochemical and thermal properties of L-cysteine by using the analytical techniques such as particle size analysis (PSA), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)/differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTG). Materials and Methods Chemicals and Reagents L-cysteine was purchased from Alfa Aesar, USA. Other chemicals which used during the experiments were of analytical grade purchased in India. Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment Strategies In this study, the L-cysteine was used as the test compound that was divided into the control and Biofield Energy Treated parts. The control sample was not given any treatment; whereas, the treated part remotely received the Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by the well-known Biofield Energy Healer, Dahryn Trivedi (USA). The treatment process involves keeping the sample under the standard laboratory conditions followed by providing the Trivedi Effect® - Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment by the Biofield Energy Healer for 3 minutes through the Unique Energy Transmission process. Besides, the control sample was subjected to a “sham” healer under similar laboratory conditions, who did not have any knowledge about the Biofield Energy Treatment. After the treatment, the control and the Biofield Energy Treated samples were kept in similar sealed conditions and further characterized by using modern analytical techniques. Characterization The physicochemical and thermal analysis of L-cysteine was performed. The PSA was performed using Malvern Mastersizer 2000, from the UK using the wet method [40,41]. The PXRD analysis of the L-cysteine powder sample was performed with the help of Rigaku MiniFlex-II Desktop X-ray diffractometer (Japan) [42,43]. The average size of crystallites was calculated from PXRD data using the Scherrer’s formula (1): [Click here to view Large Eq 1] Where G is the crystallite size in nm, k is the equipment constant, λ is the radiation wavelength, β is the full-width at half maximum, and θ is the Bragg angle [44]. Similarly, the DSC analysis of L-cysteine was performed with the help of DSC Q200, TA instruments. The TGA/DTG thermograms of L-cysteine were obtained with the help of TGA Q50 TA instruments [40,41]. The % change in specific surface area, particle size, crystallite size, peak intensity, melting point, latent heat, weight loss and the maximum thermal degradation temperature of the Biofield Energy Treated L-cysteine was calculated compared with the control sample using the following equation 2: [Click here to view Large Eq 2] Results and Discussion Particle Size Analysis (PSA) The particle size analysis helps in determining the impact of the Biofield Energy treatment on the particle size distribution of the treated L-cysteine samples in comparison to the control sample. The results revealed that the particle size distribution corresponding to d10, d50, d90, and D (4, 3) of the Biofield Energy Treated L-cysteine sample was significantly decreased by 10.18%, 12.97%, 16.83%, and 14.36%, respectively in comparison to the control sample (Table 1). d10, d50, d90: particle diameter corresponding to 10%, 50%, and 90% of the cumulative distribution, D (4,3): the average mass-volume diameter, and SSA: the specific surface area. The study also showed a significant change in the specific surface area of the Biofield Energy Treated sample that might result due to the reduction in the particle sizes after the Biofield Energy Treatment. It was observed that the specific surface area of the Biofield Energy Treated sample was significantly increased by 14.29% compared to the control L-cysteine sample. The significant correlation between the surface area and the solubility profile has been established by various scientific studies [45,46]. It was suggested that the reduced particle size of the compounds ultimately increases the effective surface area available for salvation that further enhances the solubility and dissolution of the compound and thereby the bioavailability within the body [47]. Thus, the Biofield Energy Treated L-cysteine was supposed to possess better dissolution and bioavailability profile within the body after the Biofield Energy Treatment compared with the control sample. The diffractograms corresponding to the powder XRD analysis of the control and Biofield Energy Treated samples were presented in Figure 1. Both the diffractograms showed the presence of sharp and intense peaks, which revealed the crystalline nature of the Biofield Energy Treated sample as that of the control sample. The data of both the diffractograms indicated the missing of some of the characteristic’s peaks in the Biofield Energy Treated sample along with significant alterations in the Bragg’s angle of the other peaks compared to the control sample. The diffractogram of the Biofield Energy Treated sample showed the highest peak intensity at 2θ equal to 23.05°; while it was observed at 2θ equal to 24.67° in the control sample. Besides, the peaks observed at 2θ equal to 13.24°, 33.84°, and 40.04° in the diffractogram of the control sample were not found in the Biofield Energy Treated sample. Instead, the Biofield Energy Treated sample’s diffractogram showed new peaks at 2θ equal to 23.05°, 43.42°, and 49.81°, compared to the control sample. The significant changes were also found in the peak intensities and the crystallite sizes corresponding to the characteristic peaks of the Biofield Treated sample ranging from -47.62% to 110.11% and -17.74% to -74.57%, respectively, compared to the control sample. The significant changes observed in the positioning of the characteristic diffraction peaks as well as their corresponding intensities and crystallite sizes of the Biofield Energy Treated sample compared to the control sample indicated the possible alterations in their crystalline properties after the Biofield Energy Treatment (Table 2). The treated sample also showed a significant change in the average crystallite size (450.75 nm) that was found to be decreased significantly by 49.81% in comparison to the control sample (898 nm). The crystalline properties of the compound could be altered after the Biofield Energy Treatment as studied previously by various researchers [23,35,36,38]. The basis of such alterations was established depending on the changes observed in the peak intensities of the characteristic peaks of the Biofield Energy Treated compounds and their corresponding crystallite sizes [48,49]. In this study, the results indicated the presence of some new peaks in the treated sample’s diffractogram along with the absence of some characteristic peaks compared to the control sample that might indicate the formation of new polymorphs of L-cysteine after the Biofield Energy Treatment. There are various scientific studies which reported that the physical modifications in the crystalline structure of compounds such as, altering the crystal habits may alter the bioavailability and efficacy of the drug [50]. Thus, it is presumed that the Biofield Energy Treated sample might be more bioavailable and effective in comparison to the control L-cysteine sample. The DSC thermograms of the control and the Biofield Energy Treated samples (Figure 2) help in determining the difference in their melting temperature and latent heat [51] that may arise due to the Biofield Energy Treatment. The scientific studies previously done on L-cysteine reported the decomposition of the sample during heating instead of its sublimation as the peaks observed in the DSC thermogram coincides with the drop in the TGA thermogram. Thus, the same temperature indicated the decomposition process of L-cysteine during the thermal heating instead of melting process [51,52]. The thermograms of both the samples showed two endothermic peaks during the thermal heating process. The results indicated the minor changes in the peak temperature of both the peaks of the Biofield Energy Treated sample; however, the latent heat (ΔHdecomposition) corresponding to both peaks were significantly altered compared with the control sample. The treated sample showed a slight reduction in the peak temperature corresponding to 1st and 2nd peak by 0.20% and 0.40%; while the ΔHdecomposition was significantly altered by 11.45% and 20.79%, respectively compared to the control sample (Table 3). The DSC results revealed that the decomposition temperatures of the treated sample were similar as that of the control sample, whereas the latent heat corresponding to those temperatures was significantly increased that may occur due to some alterations in the crystal structure and molecular pattern of the L-cysteine [51,53] after the Biofield Energy Treatment. Hence, the thermal decomposition pattern of the Biofield Energy Treated was altered with respect to its latent heat compared to the control L-cysteine sample. Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA)/ Differential Thermogravimetric Analysis (DTG) The TGA thermograms of the control and treated samples showed a significant weight loss of L-cysteine during the thermal degradation (Figure 3) and the pattern of degradation of both the samples during the heating was found similar as reported in the previous scientific studies [52]. Further data of the thermograms revealed a significant reduction in the weight loss of the treated sample compared to the control sample. The treated sample showed a 93.94% weight loss during the thermal heating that was found to be reduced by 5.59% in comparison to the total weight loss of the control sample (99.50%). Hence, the resultant residue weight of the treated sample was increased significantly by 1111.20% compared to the control L-cysteine sample (Figure 4). Moreover, the DTG analysis (Table 4) of the control and the treated sample indicated a slight alteration in the maximum thermal degradation temperature (Tmax) of the Biofield Energy Treated L-cysteine in comparison with the control sample. The Tmax of the control sample was observed as 221.06ºC; while it was slightly reduced by 0.50% in the treated sample and found as 219.96 °C. Hence, the overall TGA/DTG studies indicated the increased thermal stability of the Biofield Energy Treated sample after the Biofield Energy Treatment in comparison with the control L-cysteine sample. [Click here to view Large Figure 3]. Conclusion This scientific study was performed to analyze the alterations in the physicochemical and thermal properties of L-cysteine that may arise due to the impact of the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment in comparison to the control sample. The Biofield Energy Treated sample showed significant changes in the particle size distribution pattern that was observed to be reduced at d10, d50, d90, and D (4, 3) by 10.18%, 12.97%, 16.83%, and 14.36%, respectively, compared with the particle size values of the control L-cysteine sample. The resultant impact was also seen on the specific surface area of the Biofield Energy Treated sample after the Biofield Energy Treatment as it was significantly increased by 14.29% compared with the control L-cysteine sample. The PXRD data of both the samples revealed significant changes in the positioning of characteristics peaks of the Biofield Energy Treated sample along with the highest peak intensity compared with the peaks of the control L-cysteine’s diffractogram. The peaks having similar Bragg’s angles of the Biofield Energy Treated sample as that of the control sample also showed alterations in their peak intensities ranging from -47.62% to 110.11% and in crystallite sizes ranging from -17.74% to -74.57% in comparison to the control sample. The average crystallite size of the Biofield Energy Treated L-cysteine was also found to be significantly reduced by 49.81% compared with the control sample. The presence of two endothermic peaks in the DSC thermograms of the control and Biofield Energy Treated sample, which denoted their thermal decomposition. The ΔHdecomposition of the 1st and 2nd endothermic peaks were significantly increased by 11.45% and 20.79%, respectively, compared with the control L-cysteine sample. The Biofield Energy Treated sample indicated the increased thermal stability after the Biofield Energy Treatment as the total weight loss during the thermal heating was reduced by 5.59% in comparison to the control sample, which therefore causes a remarkable increase in the residue weight by 1111.20% compared with the control L-cysteine sample. The overall analysis on the L-cysteine sample revealed the impact of the Biofield Energy Treatment on the sample that causes the decrease in particle sizes and increased specific surface area, which might help in increasing the solubility, absorption, and bioavailability of the Biofield Energy Treated sample. The impact of the Trivedi Effect® was also found on the crystalline and thermal properties of L-cysteine as the Biofield Energy Treated sample showed altered crystallinity that might form a novel polymorph with improved thermal stability of the sample, compared to the control sample. Thus, the Biofield Energy Treated L-cysteine could be useful in formulations (i.e., food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, etc.) which might improve the bioavailability and more efficacious in the treatment against cardiovascular disease, inflammation, angina, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes, osteoarthritis, flu, inflammatory bowel disease, etc. For more Open Access Journals in Juniper Publishers please click on: https://juniperpublishers.com For more articles in Journal of Physical Fitness, Medicine & Treatment in Sports please click on: https://juniperpublishers.com/jpfmts/index.php For more Open Access Journals please click on: https://juniperpublishers.com

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Characterization of the Physicochemical and Thermal properties of the Biofield Energy Treated Flutamide Using PSA, PXRD, TGA/DTG, and DSC Analytical Techniques- Juniper Publishers

Abstract

Flutamide is an antiandrogen drug that blocks the action of testosterone by binding to the androgen receptor. This study was designed to determine the impact of the Trivedi Effect®-Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment on the physicochemical and thermal properties of flutamide. The test sample was divided into two parts, i.e., control and treated sample. The control part was known as untreated sample, while the treated part remotely received the Biofield Energy Healing Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Alice Branton. The study showed that the particle size values were significantly increased by 15.82%(d10), 16.36%(d50), 1.05%(d90), and 5.10% {D (4, 3)}; thus, the specific surface area was significantly decreased by 14.56% in the treated sample compared with the control sample. The PXRD peak intensities and crystallite sizes were significantly altered ranging from 7.02% to 29.41% and -9.17% to 17.86%, along with 2.84% increase in the average crystallite size in the treated flutamide compared to the control sample. The residue weight was significantly decreased by 64.16%; however, the maximum thermal degradation temperature was increased by 10.16% in the treated sample compared to the control sample. The latent heat of the treated sample reduced by 9.37% compared with the control sample. The results revealed the significant alteration in the crystallinity, particle size and thermal stability of the treated sample as compared to the untreated sample. Thus, the Biofield Energy Treated flutamide might improve the flowability, and compatibility compared with the untreated sample, that may help in designing a better pharmaceutical formulation in terms of its performance against various diseases.

Keywords: Flutamide, The trivedi effect®, Energy of consciousness haling treatment, Complementary and alternative medicine, PSA, PXRD, TGA, DSC

    Introduction

Flutamide is a nonsteroidal pure antiandrogen drug (toluidine derivative, structurally associated to bicalutamide and nilutamide), which perform its action by inhibiting the uptake and/or binding of dihydrotestosterone to the target cell receptor that leads to alter the interfering with the androgen action. It blocks the action of both endogenous and exogenous testosterone by binding to the androgen receptor, thus flutamide administration results in elevations of plasma testosterone and estradiol [1]. However, it was reported that it is a potent inhibitor of testosterone-stimulated prostatic DNA synthesis. 2-Hydroxyflutamide, an active metabolite of flutamide competitively blocks the dihydrotestosterone binding at androgen receptors, which results in the formation of inactive complexes that could not be translocate into the cell nucleus. This property is significantly useful to arrest the growth of tumour cell or transient tumour regression [2]. Absorption, distribution, and excretion of flutamide is very rapid and absorbed completely. In addition, it is rapidly and extensively metabolized with only 2.5% of plasma radioactivity of 1 hour after administration. The biological half-life of the alpha-hydroxylated metabolite of flutamide is approximately 6 hours. Flutamide, as an anti-androgens action used to treat prostate cancer in men, by blocking the effects of testosterone that helps prostate cancer to grow and also significantly used with other medications for radiation treatments [3]. Flutamide is administered and preferred orally, while it is 95% plasma protein-bound and seems to concentrate in the prostate. The data suggested that flutamide undergoes rapid metabolism to a variety of compounds. However, 95% of an oral dose is excreted by the kidneys. Hemodialysis cannot remove it due to its high protein binding. It might have some side effects because this is commonly used with other medications, such as hot flashes, diarrhoea and nausea, loss of sexual interest/ability, vomiting, and enlargement of male breasts. However, drowsiness is one of the less common side effects, while diarrhoea is a common side effect. The rate of absorption and mechanism of action depends upon various factors of drugs such as its solubility, stability, pharmacokinetics and bioavailability [4,5]. However, physicochemical properties of any pharmaceuticals are very important in the different role for its biological profile. Therefore, in order to improve the physiochemical profile such as such as particle size, crystalline structure, crystallite size, surface area, etc., research has been carried to alter the physicochemical properties.

The Biofield Energy Treatment is considered as an emerging field as it is an integral healthcare approach including the increasing beneficial effects of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) therapies, against various health conditions [6,7]. National Institute of Health (NIH) recommend and included various Energy Healing therapies such as natural products, yoga, deep breathing, meditation, homeopathy, progressive relaxation, acupressure, acupuncture, hypnotherapy, relaxation techniques, healing touch, pilates, Ayurvedic medicine, traditional Chinese herbs and medicines, Reiki, cranial sacral therapy, etc. under CAM category and these are accepted by most of the U.S. population with several advantages [8,9]. Similarly, the Biofield Energy Healing (the Trivedi Effect®) has also been popular worldwide due to its remarkable impact on the nonliving materials as well as the living organisms. The Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment has been reported for its significant impact on the physicochemical and thermal properties of various pharmaceutical/nutraceutical compounds [10-12], plants [13,14], altered characteristics in microbiology [15-17], metals, ceramics, and polymers [18,19], livestock [20], biotechnology [21], and skin health [22]. Thus, this study was aimed to determine the effect of the Biofield Energy Treatment (Trivedi Effect®) on the physicochemical and thermal properties of flutamide by using various analytical techniques such as, particle size analysis (PSA), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).

    Materials and Methods

Chemicals and reagents

Flutamide was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. Ltd. All other chemicals used during the experiments were of analytical grade available in India.

Consciousness energy healing treatment strategies

Flutamide, i.e., the test compound was divided into two parts. Among both parts, one portion was denoted as control sample that did not receive the Biofield Energy Treatment. Besides, the other part of flutamide was considered as the treated part that received the Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment by the renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Alice Branton (USA), and named as the Biofield Energy Treated sample. In the process of Biofield Energy Treatment, the sample was kept under the standard laboratory conditions, and the Biofield Energy Healer provided the Trivedi Effect® - Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment to the sample, remotely, for 3 minutes through the Unique Energy Transmission process. On the other hand, the control flutamide was subjected to a “sham” healer under the similar laboratory conditions, who did not have any knowledge about the Biofield Energy Healing Treatment. Consequently, the control as well as Biofield Energy Treated flutamide samples were kept in similar sealed conditions and further characterized by using modern analytical techniques.

Characterization

The PSA, PXRD, TGA/DTG, and DSC analysis of pyridoxine were performed. The PSA was performed using Malvern Mastersizer 2000, from the UK with a detection range between 0.01μm to 3000μm using the wet method [23,24]. The PXRD analysis of pyridoxine powder sample was performed with the help of Rigaku MiniFlex-II Desktop X-ray diffractometer (Japan) [25,26]. The average size of crystallites was calculated from PXRD data using the Scherrer’s formula (1)

Where G is the crystallite size in nm, k is the equipment constant (0.94), λ is the radiation wavelength (0.154056nm for K α 1 emission), β is the full-width at half maximum, and θ is the Bragg angle [27]. Similarly, The TGA/DTG thermograms of pyridoxine were obtained with the help of TGA Q50 TA instruments. The DSC analysis of pyridoxine was performed with the help of DSC Q200, TA instruments [23,24]. The % change in particle size, specific surface area (SSA), peak intensity, crystallite size, melting point, latent heat, weight loss and the maximum thermal degradation temperature (Tmax) of the Biofield Energy Treated sample was calculated compared with the control sample using the following equation 2:

    Results and Discussion

Particle size analysis (PSA)

The particle size analysis of the control and Biofield Energy Treated samples were presented in Table 1. The particle size distribution of the control sample was found at d10 = 44.31μm, d50 = 179.98μm, d90 = 653.57μm, and D (4, 3) = 276.60μm. However, the particle size distribution of the Biofield Energy Treated flutamide sample was observed at d10 = 51.32μm, d50 = 209.43μm, d90 = 660.45μm, and D (4, 3) = 290.70μm. The result analysis revealed that the particle size values at d10, d50, d90, and D (4, 3) in the Biofield Energy Treated sample were significantly increased by 15.82%, 16.36%, 1.05%, and 5.10%, respectively, compared to the control sample.

On the other hand, the specific surface area of the Biofield Energy Treated flutamide (0.088m2/Kg) was decreased by 14.56% as compared with the control sample (0.103m2/Kg). The literature reported the impact of particle size distribution of drug on the formulation development in terms of its blend uniformity, compactibility, and flowability, etc., which further affected the safety, efficacy, and the quality of the formulation [28,29]. Hence, the Biofield Energy Treated flutamide sample might help in better formulation development by improving its uniformity, flowability, and compactibility.

d10, d50 and d90: particle diameter corresponding to 10%, 50%, and 90% of the cumulative distribution, D (4,3): the average mass-volume diameter, and SSA: the specific surface area. *denotes the percentage change in the Particle size distribution of the Biofield Energy Treated sample with respect to the control sample.

Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD) Analysis

The PXRD diffractograms of the control and Biofield Energy Treated flutamide samples are shown in Figure 1. There was the presence of sharp and intense peaks in the diffractograms of both the samples which indicated that both the samples are crystalline in nature. Besides, the peak intensities and the crystallite size corresponding to each characteristic peak was done for both the control and the Biofield Energy Treated sample (Table 2).

a: Denotes the percentage change in the peak intensity of Biofield Energy Treated sample with respect to the control sample.

b: Denotes the percentage change in the crystallite size of Biofield Energy Treated sample with respect to the control sample.

The highest peak intensity (100%) was observed at 2θ equal to 8.85° (Table 2, entry 1) in the PXRD diffractogram of the control sample, while at 8.72° in the Biofield Energy Treated sample; however, the Bragg’s angle of all the characteristic peaks of the Biofield Energy Treated sample were observed to differ from the control sample. Also, the peak intensities corresponding to these characteristic diffraction peaks in the Biofield Energy Treated sample were found to be significantly increased ranging from 7.02% to 29.41% compared to the control sample. Such alterations in the peak intensities of the peaks indicated the change in the crystallinity of the Biofield Energy Treated sample as compared to the control flutamide sample.

Besides, the crystallite sizes of the Biofield Energy Treated sample corresponding to those peaks were also observed to be significantly altered ranging from -9.17% to 17.86% as compared to the control sample. Also, the Biofield Energy Treated sample showed an increase in the average crystallite size (158.5nm) by 2.84% as compared to the control sample (154.12nm). The literature reported that the alterations in the peak intensity of the crystalline compound changes based on its crystal morphology [30]. Moreover, the alterations in the complete PXRD pattern may be considered as the proof of polymorphic transitions taken place in treated flutamide sample [31,32]. Thus, the overall results indicated the alterations in the crystallinity, crystallite size, and polymorphic form of the Biofield Energy Treated flutamide sample when compared with the control sample. Such changes might ensure its better drug performance in the formulation development than the untreated flutamide.

Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA)/ Differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTG)

The TGA thermograms of the control and Biofield Energy Treated flutamide samples displayed one step of thermal degradation (Figure 2). The results revealed 2.21% increase in the total weight loss of the Biofield Energy Treated flutamide as compared with the control sample (Table 3). Also, the residue amount of the treated flutamide sample was reduced significantly by 64.16% when compared to the control sample (Table 3).

*denotes the percentage change of the Biofield Energy Treated sample with respect to the control sample,

Tmax = the temperature at which maximum weight loss takes place in TG or peak temperature in DTG.

The DTG thermograms of the control and Biofield Energy Treated sample showed a single peak (Figure 3). The results revealed that the onset of thermal degradation taken place at 134.68°C in the control flutamide sample, while it started earlier in the Biofield Energy Treated sample i.e., at 103.41°C. However, the maximum thermal degradation temperature (Tmax) of the treated flutamide sample was significantly increased by 10.16% as compared with the control sample (Table 3). Thus, the overall, TGA/DTG results showed that the thermal stability of the Biofield Energy Treated sample was significantly decreased as compared with the control flutamide sample.

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis

The DSC thermograms of both the control and the Biofield Energy Treated flutamide samples were shown in Figure 4 and the results were used to determine the melting and other thermal behaviours of the flutamide sample [33]. A sharp endothermic peak was evident in the thermograms of both the samples which are considered as the melting temperature of the samples. The peak was observed in the control sample at 113.23°C; while it was slightly decreased to 112.58°C in the Biofield Energy Treated flutamide sample. Moreover, the latent heat of fusion (ΔH) of the con trol sample was found as 107.2 J/g; whereas it was decreased to 97.15J/g in the Biofield Energy Treated sample. Hence, the results revealed a reduction in the melting point and the ΔHfusion of the Biofield Energy Treated flutamide by 0.57% and 9.37%, respectively as compared to the control sample (Table 4). It is presumed that there was might be some alterations in the molecular chains and the crystallization structure of the flutamide [33] due to the Biofield Energy Treatment that may cause the changes in the melting temperature and ΔH of the treated flutamide.

ΔH: Latent heat of fusion, *denotes the percentage change of the Biofield Energy Treated sample with respect to the control sample.

    Conclusion

The study revealed that the Trivedi Effect®-Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment showed a significant impact on the particle size distribution, crystallite sizes, peak intensities, and the thermal properties of flutamide. The particle size values of the Alice’s Biofield Energy Treated flutamide were increased significantly by 15.82%, 16.36%, 1.05%, and 5.10% at d10, d50, d90, and D (4, 3), respectively compared to the control sample. The specific surface area of the Biofield Energy Treated sample was found to be decreased by 14.56% compared to the untreated flutamide sample. The increase in particle size might be helpful in providing the better compactibility, uniformity, and flowability to the treated flutamide sample. The PXRD results showed alterations in the Bragg’s angle of the highest intensity peak as well as the other peaks of the treated sample. Also, the peak intensities and crystallite sizes corresponding to those peaks of the treated flutamide sample showed alterations ranging of 7.02% to 29.41% and -9.17% to 17.86%, respectively as compared to the untreated sample. Similarly, the average crystallite size of the Biofield Energy Treated flutamide sample was also increased by 2.84% compared to the control sample. Besides, the total weight loss of the Biofield Energy Treated sample was increased by 2.21% in TGA; whereas, the residue amount was significantly reduced by 64.16% as compared with the control sample. The DTG study showed that the Tmax of the Biofield Energy Treated flutamide sample was significantly improved by 10.16% compared with the control sample. The Biofield Energy Treated sample revealed that the melting temperature and ΔHfusion were decreased by 0.57% and 9.37%, respectively as compared to the untreated flutamide sample. Thus, the thermal analysis indicated the less thermal stability of the Biofield Energy Treated sample as compared to the control sample. Overall, the Trivedi Effect®- Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment poses its impact on the flutamide sample, which might generate its new polymorphic form with altered crystallinity, particle size, and thermal stability. Such alterations in the Trivedi Effect® Treated flutamide may confirm its better designing in the form of nutraceutical and pharmaceutical formulations by providing better compactibility, flowability, and content uniformity, which might be used to offer better therapeutic response against prostate cancer, androgendependent skin and hair conditions including acne, seborrhea, hirsutism, and scalp hair loss, hyperandrogenism, as well useful for feminizing hormone therapy aimed at transgender women.

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