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101percentindia · 6 years

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To Be ‘Amar’ Is To Be Immortal; Will Amar Chitra Katha Stand The Test Of Our Critical Times?

Remembering ACK, Tinkle comics and Chandamama.

Once upon a time, there was magic hidden between the pages of a comic book. They came under the common branding of Amar Chitra Katha and opened a window to a world most of us didn’t know existed – stories drawn from Indian history, mythology, folk lore and legend. Stories we had perhaps heard about but forgotten under the burden of academic pursuits and the struggles of our day-to-day existence. As illustrated books with thought and speech bubbles for the dialogues exchanged between them, all captured within 31 pages. There were tiny footnotes to explain typically Indian words, rituals, Gods, customs and so on. Each comic made a dent in our hard-saved pocket money – a dent of Rs.2.50 to begin, which was later raised by 0.50 paisa.

One man was responsible for this comic book revolution - Anant Pai. Story has it that he was on an official trip from Mumbai to Delhi in 1967, intrigued by the television set that had entered the capital through Doordarshan. Wanting to have a dekko of what lay behind that box, he watched a television programme through the display window of a shop. He was shocked to discover that in the quiz show, children could give correct answers to questions around Socrates and Winston Churchill, but did not know the name of Rama’s mother!

This chemical engineer orphaned as a young boy, realised that children loved comic book heroes like The Phantom. Leisure reading of children studying in English medium schools was also confined to Hardy Boys, Nancy Drew, Enid Blyton’s and a few comics like Richie Rich and Tintin.

Phantom made ‘politically correct’ for the Indian reader. Image source: thephantomhead.com

He wanted to bring Indian kids back to their roots and joined India Book House, one of the leading publishers in Bombay that was largely into printing, publishing, distribution and selling of books. Pai had already introduced the Phantom series as the first cartoon strip in The Times of India and wanted to use this form of visual reading to entertain and educate through Indian stories. And so the first Indian comic book was born under the brand name of Amar Chitra Katha. It went on to become one of the most popular and high selling series of Indian comics.

Slowly, sales picked up. ACK classics initially used primary colours - blue, green and yellow but graduated to full colours as it’s popularity began to rise. Pai and his team extended the parameters to bring in regional languages - beginning with translations in Hindi, Kannada, Marathi, and Telugu and further into Bengali, Assamese, Malayalam, Punjabi, Tamil, Urdu and even Sanskrit. It reached beyond its initial target of a middle-class readership to transcend class barriers and reach the upper class children. As ACK reached its 20th birthday in 1986, sales reached a peak of 5 crore copies, and then only two years later, a whopping 7 crores.

Related: Walking BookFairs: A Unique Initiative For Bibliophiles

Frequency also went from one classic every month to to one every fortnight around 1980. This was when IBH also launched its comic magazine Tinkle, that caught the reading fancy of all children at the time. The language used was simple, straightforward, and easy to understand by children not studying in English medium schools.

An entire generation isn’t even aware of this. Image source: amarchitrakatha.com

Amar Chitra Katha opened doors to an alternative visual culture that strived to adhere to its Indian roots. Yet, like all mothers everywhere, I would not allow my daughter to devour the comic books she was slowly getting addicted to. “It will take you away from your studies,” was my boring refrain. Scared of being stopped from reading what she had grown to love, she handed me an issue of Tinkle and asked me to read it. Tinkle was a weekly comic magazine brought out by the same publication – India Book House and the same man. I was bowled over. It was informative, funny, entertaining and carried a message and amusing adventures of the characters. It took me to one story from the ACK series, Ganga and I became a child all over again. I bought my daughter an annual subscription for Tinkle and, separated by a generation, we enjoyed the stories that could be read over and over again.

A position adopted by politicians today? Image source: wishberry.com

Chandamama, another magazine along the same lines, began to create and publish stories adapted from the Indian mythologies such as Ramayana and Mahabharata in 1947, just before Independence. In publication to this day, the magazine and its illustrations are known for its unique storytelling, reminiscent of grandparents' bedtime stories conveyed in print format. This was backed very innovatively with promotional strategies organized by IBH of fancy dress contests, displays in petrol pumps and book stores across every Indian city, launching new titles with press conferences graced by eminent personalities. By 1992, ACK classics were published and sold in 38 Indian and non-Indian languages by which time, Anant Pai had evolved into the children’s icon “Uncle Pai.”

Related: An Afternoon With An Author: Stephen Alter

Not surprisingly, these books started facing a lot of flak from sociologists, cultural historians, comic specialists and so on. This critique is an on-going process of sometimes making mincemeat of the series or questioning its authenticity or pointing out its pro-Hindu, anti-minority and extremely patriarchal bias as far as the representation of women characters go. There has been a lot of research both by Indian and foreign scholars on ACK’s representation of women.

Moot points were, women are conspicuous by their complete absence from the story and the illustrations such as Chandragupta Maurya or many of the Birbal stories. However, there were women protagonists in classics featuring Ganga, Draupadi, Shakuntala, Savitri, Vasavdatta, Mirabai, Padmini, Tarabai, Rani of Jhansi, Uloopi, Chand Bibi, Urvashi, Sukanya and many others. Another noticeable absence was in the Makers of Modern India series of 13 personalities that does not feature a single woman, though India has had many women leaders who should have found place among these makers. Leaders like Indira Gandhi and Sarojini Naidu are not part of this series and Kalpana Chawla was an afterthought. The same absence is noticed in the visibility of Muslim and Sikh leaders.

Rohan Islam, a Bengali literature scholar, in a detailed analysis raises questions about the ACK series that mark out sharp differences between “they” and “we”, “bad” and “good”, “us” and “them”. Islam also draws our attention to the Brahmin-Hindu-Male that takes precedence over Muslims, Christians, Sikhs and of course, women. He states quite assertively that the equations drawn between the Hindu identity and the National identity are quite sharply underlined.

Making History lessons fun. Image source: Amazon.com

Related: A Hospital For The Ageing Typewriter

This leaves us with questions. Why must we always place an entertaining comic series for children with informative stories on our culture, leadership, freedom struggle by contextualising it against the changing history and politics of changing times? Can one deny the historical significance of a classic series that has stood the test of time and space for four long decades? Can we deny ourselves the joy we got going through those stories and wonderful illustrations that took children away from their exams and more serious books? Take away the political, patriarchal and communal biases, which do not appear pronounced while we are reading purely for entertainment and information, and what we have is a harmonious ride into our cultural past.

Uncle Pai is no more. Long live uncle Pai. And with the magic between the yellowed pages of an antique Amar Chitra Katha, we can all live happily ever after. Or, can we?

Disclaimer: The views expressed in this article are independent views solely of the author(s) expressed in their private capacity and do not in any way represent or reflect the views of 101India.com

By Shoma A. Chatterji Cover photo credit: Amazon.com

#india 101India comics

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psychic-readingonline · 6 years

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Astrology Aspects Pregnancy

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gumnaamme-blog · 5 years

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hauntedladyprince-blog · 6 years

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PUNJAB GK

careerrace.in is the easily accessible website of India where students are provided with latest information on Punjab GK.This sector includes the history of sikh gurus starting from Guru Nanak Dev ji to Guru Gobind Singh ji. We also provide information on their social work done for humanity an for the sake of people . Not only this,students can also find information on the cabinet ministers along with their portfolios .Information on the members of parliament and legislative assembly is also rendered on this website with their constituency and their parties.If one needs to know the universities of Punjab,they are easily available on this site in just one click. A clear- cut differentiation is made between the private and the public universities of Punjab region.Along with this Punjab census of year 2011 is also available on careerrace.in which covers various fields like literacy rate ,density ,etc.

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newstfionline · 7 years

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So, Meghan Markle, Are You Familiar With the Statute of Rhuddlan?

By Kimiko de Freytas-Tamura, NY Times, Dec. 2, 2017

LONDON--What did the Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284 lay the basis for? Who or what is Vindolanda? Where is the National Horseracing Museum? Name two habits that may start a fight with your neighbor in Britain.

These and other rather esoteric questions are what Meghan Markle, the American actress recently engaged to Prince Harry, Queen Elizabeth II’s grandson and the fifth in line to the throne, will have to master in order to become a British citizen.

Most Britons, even a prime minister, find them almost impossible to answer.

Ms. Markle, who was raised in Los Angeles, plans to seek British citizenship after she marries Prince Harry, Kensington Palace confirmed. It is a lengthy process that culminates in a torturous citizenship test that costs about $65 and is typically flunked by one-third to half of the applicants.

The announcement prompted some British news outlets to pounce on her apparent ignorance of “Britishisms” on a television show last year.

“She only managed to get a measly four out of 15 questions about Britain right,” The Mirror, a tabloid, said disapprovingly, adding that she did not know the British word for “sidewalk” and committed a cultural faux pas by venturing that Vegemite was more popular than Marmite. (The word is “pavement,” and Marmite, a yeasty paste spread for bread, is a national treasure. Vegemite is the Australian equivalent.)

The citizenship exam “is really hard,” said Julian Knight, a member of Parliament and author of “The British Citizenship Test for Dummies.” “We have a really long history, and it could be really difficult to recall everything,” he said.

Ms. Markle has “got to be swotting,” he added, using British slang that, as she will some day come to understand, means “to study assiduously.”

She is refreshingly open about how little she knows about her future adoptive country, let alone the British royal family.

In her first interview with Prince Harry, shortly after their engagement was announced on Monday, Ms. Markle confessed that she had not been wholly aware of her fiancé’s royal lineage before meeting him. A mutual friend had set the pair up on a blind date, she said, adding, “The only thing I asked her was, ‘Was he nice?’”

The exam she will take is known officially as the “Life in the U.K. Test,” and it is required for anyone settling in the country or seeking to become a citizen (and, therefore, a subject of the queen).

Before taking the test, applicants must have been living continuously in Britain for at least five years and must pay an application fee of about £1,200--that’s $1,600 in the sort of currency Ms. Markle best understands.

A spokesman for Kensington Palace insisted that she intended to follow the process the same way as any other “American marrying a British citizen.” Takers of the exam have 45 minutes to answer 24 multiple-choice questions about British traditions, customs and history, all of which are based on information in an official handbook published by the Home Office.

Apart from Ms. Markle, there has been a spike of interest in the exam as debates over identity have mushroomed after Britain voted last year to withdraw from the European Union, a process known as Brexit. That referendum focused mostly on immigration, and many voters who support Brexit say British culture is being diluted because of the bloc’s policy of open borders between member countries.

In the 18 months since the critical vote, there has been much soul-searching across the island about what it means to be British. The questions on the citizenship test, many Britons say, do not go far toward settling the issue.

In addition, they say, the quiz is unfairly difficult, an assertion that was borne out in a scattershot survey of Britons one recent afternoon that found many struggling to answer sample questions correctly.

“A what?” Peter York, a prominent social commentator, exclaimed. “What is the Vindolanda?”

“Is that a real question?” he asked, perplexed. “That’s extraordinary.”

Mr. York, who blithely describes himself as an English “purebred” (“no Welsh, Scottish or Irish components in me”), found the questions unsettling. “I don’t think I’d be a British citizen,” he said. “If they can keep me out, they can keep anybody out.”

(The answer: Vindolanda was a Roman fort just south of Hadrian’s Wall in northern England. Mr. York also got the question about the Statute of Rhuddlan wrong; it led to the annexation of Wales to England.)

Gemma Page, 26, said British identity “comes more from ideas like tea and fish and chips.” Her husband, Liam, said British identity “isn’t a matter of how much you know.”

Britain “is a mongrel country,” he said. “Take tea and fish and chips. Tea comes from India and chips from Ireland. The only thing we can claim is the fish, and that’s because we’re surrounded by water. Being British is the values you hold. We try to be tolerant. We have free speech.”

George Jupe, 87, a Brexit supporter, said being British was a question of feeling. “But what makes you feel it, heaven knows,” he said, taking leave with a lively “Cheerio!”

According to a 2014 survey by YouGov, the pollster, more than half of 18- to 24-year-olds and a third of 25- to 39-year-olds failed the citizenship test. Some respondents answered that Hawaii was part of Britain and that National Insurance was used to pay for supermarket home deliveries.

Even some members of the Oxbridge-educated elite have demonstrated some surprising gaps in knowledge of the motherland. In 2012, David Cameron, then prime minister, told David Letterman that “Rule, Britannia!”--a rousing patriotic song often associated with Britain--was written by Edward Elgar. (It was Thomas Arne.)

The former leader also admitted to having no idea what Magna Carta, the cornerstone of the British legal and political system, actually stood for. (It means “Great Charter.”)

The test “is pointless,” said Michael Odell, the author of “The ‘Call Yourself British?’ Quiz Book.” He wrote the book because his publisher, a Dutch citizen, was so upset at failing her British citizenship exam that she commissioned him to look into why it was so difficult.

The civil servants who come up with the questions are “completely out of touch with applied British history and culture,” Mr. Odell said, as he sat putting together a mock exam designed for Ms. Markle, to be published by a British newspaper the following day.

“Whitehall boffins are trying to demarcate areas of knowledge and culture, trying to distill them into British identity, which is kind of amorphous,” he added, using a British term for a nerdish expert.

And in spite of an abundance of arcane historical information, Mr. Odell said, there were few questions involving minorities. In one test, he said, there was only one related question: “Who was the first person to introduce curry in Britain?” (It was Sake Dane Mohamed, in 1810, who also brought shampoo to Europe.)

A more recent test, however, asked a couple of questions about the Vaisakhi festival, which marks the Sikh New Year, and the Muslim religious holiday Eid al-Fitr. (The answer to two habits that may start a fight with your neighbor in Britain? Putting out garbage bags when it’s not trash day, and keeping an untidy garden.)

Whatever the questions, at least three-quarters of them must be answered correctly.

“If Meghan Markle can’t get past me,” Mr. Odell deadpanned, “the wedding is off.”

#Britain #British Citizenship test #Meghan Markle #Vindolanda #Statute of Rhuddlan

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robinsoncenter · 7 years

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Art History 214, "W" course, Seats still available!

There is still space left in this great Autumn Quarter class, Art History 214. Students can select VLPA or I&S credit, and all enrolled students receive "W" credit. Thanks for helping us spread the word with any interested students:

ART H 214: Art of India from Mohenjo-Daro to the Mughals

Professor Sonal Khullar

MTW 3:30 - 4:20 + quiz section

Thomson 101

SLN: 10538

The course surveys the material culture and artistic production of South Asia, which includes the present-day nation states of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka, from antiquity until the early modern period.

We attend to traditional art historical concerns such as the role of the artist, treatment of materials, systems of patronage, development of style, theories of aesthetics, and iconographic analysis.

We relate South Asian art to its social contexts, emphasizing exchange and interaction between cultures and groups, including but not limited to artists, pilgrims, merchants, warriors, and kings; Buddhists, Hindus, Jains, Muslims, Sikhs, and Christians; Indians, Persians, Europeans, Central Asians, and Southeast Asians.

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edwittyclasses-blog · 7 years

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History Quiz 14 [2017]

To get more boost, click here. For more quizzes, click here. Q.1. Consider communal award 1932: It has declared Sikhs, Christians and depressed classes as minorities and provided provision of separate electorate for them. Gandhi has taken fast unto death in protest against communal award. Poona Pact which was signed between B.R. Ambedkar and Gandhi, provided that provision for separate electorate…

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psychic-readingonline · 6 years

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Astrology Chart Hindi

Contents

Detailed hindi kundli online

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Moon sign. sify

House systems jan

Oldest house system

Early 19th century

Welcome to the world of ‘No Cost Tutorial’ to learn astrology! It means you do not have to pay for learning astrology though this tutorial. ‘How to learn astrology’ – is a question in minds of those who are even slightly interested in learning the subject. So here’s an amazing news for all who want …

A horoscope is an astrological chart or diagram representing the positions of the Sun, Moon, planets, astrological aspects and sensitive angles at the time of an …

Get detailed hindi kundli online at AstroSage. … A Kundli or horoscope is an astrological chart or a diagram showing the positions of planets, moon, and sun, …

Astrology in Hindi: Get Free Hindi Astrology tools and Vedic astrology utilities. पाएँ हिंदी में ज्योतिष से जुड़ी सभी जानकारियाँ, औज़ार …

Astrology Compatibility By Birth Dates Site map – Love Horoscopes – Daily Horoscopes – Weekly Horoscopes – Monthly Horoscopes – Sign Explainations & Planets – Sign Explainations (short version) – Cusp Signs – Cusp Dates – Child/Parents Compatibility – Child Element Chart – Starstone Controversy – Lovers Quiz – Today in History – Your Astrologer – Astrology Benefits – Glossary Sify Astrology Moon Sign sify astrology online portal provides 2016 Astrology Predictions, Astrology Consultation, free astrology online, indian … daily Horoscope by moon sign. sify Astrology online portal provides 2016 Astrology Predictions, Astrology Consultation, Free Astrology Online, Indian Astrology, Vedic Astrology and Astrology Remedies for all your problems. De Natura Deorum (On the Nature of the Gods) is a Cafe Astrology Void Of Course Moon Astrology Chart house systems jan 3, 2014 … Robert Hand's "Whole signs – The oldest house system" and the … Gauquelin conducted research on thousands of peoples charts and came … Guru Astrology Symbols Gurmukhi (IPA: [ɡʊɾmʊkʰi]; Gurmukhi (the literal meaning being "from the Guru’s mouth"): ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ) is a Sikh script modified, standardized and used by

In astrology, a planet's domicile is the zodiac sign over which it has rulership. This is a separate … Astrological Chart — New Millennium.svg. New millennium …

Jyotisha or Jyotishya (from Sanskrit jyotiṣa, from jyóti-"light, heavenly body") is the traditional Hindu system of astrology, also known as Hindu astrology, and more recently Vedic astrology.The term Hindu astrology has been in use as the English equivalent of Jyotiṣa since the early 19th century, whereas Vedic astrology is a relatively recent term, entering common usage in the 1970s …

Hindu Astrology is the most recognized system in the world. In India, without help of this system almost all work is meaningless. At any beginning of important work Hindu people step ahead only after considering guidelines prescribed in admired principals of Vedic Astrology. Some Hindi Astrology …

Astrology Aspects Pregnancy Astrology Signs Star Constellation The History of Astrology and Zodiac Signs. The term "Astrology" is derived from the two Greek words "Astron" which means a constellation or a star and "Logia" which means the study of a certain object. guru astrology symbols gurmukhi (IPA: [ɡʊɾmʊkʰi]; Gurmukhi (the literal meaning being "from the Guru’s mouth"): ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ)

Astrology Birth Charts to find planetary position at the time of your birth. Get Rasi Chart or Birth Chart based on vedic astrology.

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Astrology Compatibility By Birth Dates

Contents

Sify astrology online portal

Free astrology online

12 zodiac signs

Free relationship chart

Signs star constellation

Site map – Love Horoscopes – Daily Horoscopes – Weekly Horoscopes – Monthly Horoscopes – Sign Explainations & Planets – Sign Explainations (short version) – Cusp Signs – Cusp Dates – Child/Parents Compatibility – Child Element Chart – Starstone Controversy – Lovers Quiz – Today in History – Your Astrologer – Astrology Benefits – Glossary – Ask Minerva – Find your sign – Exchange links …

Sify Astrology Moon Sign sify astrology online portal provides 2016 Astrology Predictions, Astrology Consultation, free astrology online, indian … daily Horoscope by Moon Sign. Sify Astrology online portal provides 2016 Astrology Predictions, Astrology Consultation, Free Astrology Online, Indian Astrology, Vedic Astrology and Astrology Remedies for all your problems. De Natura Deorum (On the Nature of the Gods) is a

There are 12 zodiac signs, and each sign has its own strengths and weaknesses, its own specific traits, desires and attitude towards life and people. By analyzing the projection of the position of planets, and the Sun and the Moon on the Ecliptic at the moment of birth. Astrology can give us a …

Love Compatibility Calculator, Horoscope Matching by Date of Birth, Free Astrology Partner Online Love Calculator 2019. free relationship chart, Partner …

Love Compatibility … Get your FREE birth chart – it's all about you! Enter your birth date to get started. Month, January, February, March, April, May, June, July …

Cafe Astrology Void Of Course Moon Astrology Chart House Systems Jan 3, 2014 … Robert Hand's "Whole signs – The Oldest House System" and the … Gauquelin conducted research on thousands of peoples charts and came … Guru Astrology Symbols Gurmukhi (IPA: [ɡʊɾmʊkʰi]; Gurmukhi (the literal meaning being "from the Guru’s mouth"): ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ) is a Sikh script modified, standardized and used by

Birth date astrology compatibility is very complicated in calculations which are based on natal chart and planets. And it makes many people confused.

Culture Astrology gives you an insight into the basics of astrology and zodiac signs as well as the traits and compatibility of the 12 astrology signs.

Astrology signs star constellation The History of Astrology and Zodiac Signs. The term "Astrology" is derived from the two Greek words "Astron" which means a constellation or a star and "Logia" which means the study of a certain object. Guru Astrology Symbols Gurmukhi (IPA: [ɡʊɾmʊkʰi]; Gurmukhi (the literal meaning being "from the Guru’s mouth"): ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ) is a Sikh script

How compatible are you with your current partner, lover or friend? Astrology reveals a whole new level of understanding between people simply by looking at their star sign and that of their partner. No two star signs are ever totally incompatible. With effort and compromise, even the most ‘difficult’ astrological matches can work.

The date of birth of a person encapsules a lot about his/her identity, characteristic and personality. In birth date astrology this information is the key to all the answers you are ever going to need.

Astrology Calendar Wiki Astrology Signs Star Constellation The History of Astrology and Zodiac Signs. The term "Astrology" is derived from the two Greek words "Astron" which means a constellation or a star and "Logia" which means the study of a certain object. Guru Astrology Symbols Gurmukhi (IPA: [ɡʊɾmʊkʰi]; Gurmukhi (the literal meaning being "from the Guru’s mouth"): ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ) Astrology Chart Winning Lottery Sep 10, 2018 … Applying the major astrological forecasting methods to a lottery winner. … It helped her lottery-winning potential that in her natal chart, Pluto … Guru Astrology Symbols Gurmukhi (IPA: [ɡʊɾmʊkʰi]; Gurmukhi (the literal meaning being "from the Guru’s mouth"): ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ) is a Sikh script modified, standardized and used by the second Sikh Guru,

Free, anonymous astrology analisys of compatibility (synastry) by partners … To do this, you need enter their dates of birth (your and your's parner) and click on …

Cafe Astrology offers a report that interprets the synastry or compatibility of … not know the birth times and want a quick relationship report based on birthdates, …

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