#Santa Maria de Toledo Cathedral

[escapismsworld]

"Santa Maria de Toledo Cathedral" Spain

The Cathedral of Saint Mary one of the three 13th century High Gothic cathedrals is Spain.

Construction began in 1226 under the rule of Ferdinand III and the last Gothic contributions were made in the 15th century when, in 1493, the vaults of the central nave were finished during the time of the Catholic Monarchs.

The structure of the building is greatly influenced by the French Gothic style of the 13th century but adapted to Spanish taste.

[wgm-beautiful-world]

Cathedral of Santa Maria in Toledo, SPAIN

[journeydb]

September 19 2023 Toledo

We traveled by train through Madrid today to Toledo, where we'll be for a few days to celebrate Bruce's birthday. We checked into our suite at the Marriott Eugenia D. Montijo hotel in Toledo and rested a bit before beginning our sight seeing.

We walked around the beautiful city, with its cobblestoned, streets with shops containing artisanal food, art, clothing, jewelry, and more. We got a sense of the ancient times here and what living here then might have been like.

We crossed a bridge over the Tagus River that separates both sides of the city. It flows from the mountains northwest to form part of the Spanish-Portuguese border, then into the Atlantic Ocean at Lisbon.

It was a little unnerving to find Haagen-Das ice cream advertised in this medieval shop, but the nuns were charming.

Some of the pastries are made by cloistered nuns, so thus the connection with these lovely little dolls.

Bruce is famous for his pastry shop tours and, even though neither of us can usually eat anything they have to offer, Bruce being lactose-intolerant and I'm vegan, we can still look and hope to find something sweet for us.

Occasionally we're lucky like today when Bruce found some cookies he could eat.

We visited an old synagogue from the twelfth century. It was gorgeous inside. It was converted into a church in the fifteenth century and was renamed Santa Maria La Blanca. According to Wikipedia:

"Santa Maria la Blanca s a museum and former synagogue in Toledo, Spain. Erected in the late twelfth or early thirteenth century, it is disputably considered the oldest synagogue building in Europe still standing. The building was converted to a Catholic church in the early 15th century.

The synagogue is located in the former Jewish quarter of the city between the Monastery of San Juan de los Reyes and the Synagogue of El Tránsito. It is one of three preserved synagogues constructed by Jews in a Mudéjar or Moorish style under the Christian Kindgdom of Castille."

The courtyard leading into the church was shady and lovely. I had a feeling of peace as we entered the synagogue and was surprised at how gorgeous it was inside.

Later in the afternoon, after lunch, we walked around the old city more, saw a few sites, including a modern statue of Christ with what looked like a hula hoop on it, overlooking a stunning view of the valley.

Later, after walking by the cathedral for the third time, we visited the El Greco museum, which is housed in his former home.

The entrance to El Greco's house had a lovely courtyard which we walked through to enter the museum.

According to Wikipedia:

"Doménikos Theotokópoulos, 1 October 1541 – 7 April 1614), most widely known as El Greco ( "The Greek"), was a Greek painter, sculptor and architect of the Spanish Renaissance. El Greco was a nickname, and the artist normally signed his paintings with his full birth name in Greek letters,

El Greco was born in the Kingdom of Candia (modern Crete), which was at that time part of the Republic of Venice, Italy, and the center of Post-Byzantine art. He trained and became a master within that tradition before traveling at age 26 to Venice, as other Greek artists had done. In 1570, he moved to Rome, where he opened a workshop and executed a series of works. During his stay in Italy, El Greco enriched his style with elements of Mannerism and of the Venetian Renaissance taken from a number of great artists of the time, notably Tintoretto and Titian. In 1577, he moved to Toledo, Spain, where he lived and worked until his death. In Toledo, El Greco received several major commissions and produced his best-known paintings, such as View of Toledo and Opening of the Fifth Seal.

El Greco's dramatic and expressionistic style was met with puzzlement by his contemporaries but found appreciation by the 20th century. El Greco is regarded as a precursor of both Expressionism and Cubism, while his personality and works were a source of inspiration for poets and writers such as Rainer Maria Rilke and Nikos Kazantzakis. El Greco has been characterized by modern scholars as an artist so individual that he belongs to no conventional school.He is best known for tortuously elongated figures and often fantastic or phantasmagorical pigmentation, marrying Byzantine traditions with those of Western painting."

There were videos of his paintings that were a bit hard to see because there wasn't enough light and I tried to video them to bring them more to life. See the videos after this post.

[10siglosdehistoria]

EL ARTE EN LA EDAD MEDIA

ART IN THE MIDDLE AGES

(Español / English)

La edad Media verá el nacimiento del arte islámico, con sus grandes construcciones cubiertas por atauriques (motivos vegetales labrados), lacerías (formas geometricas), una cuidada y colorida decoración y grandes avances arquitectónicos como sus cuidados arcos, sus grandes cúpulas y su destacada atención por todo lo relacionado con los jardines, como podemos ver todavía en los monumentos que perviven de esta época, como la preciosa Alhambra de Granada.

The Middle Ages will see the birth of Islamic art, with its large constructions covered by atauriques (carved vegetal motifs), lacerías (geometric shapes), a careful and colorful decoration and great architectural advances such as its careful arches, its large domes and its outstanding attention to everything related to the gardens, as we can still see in the monuments that survive from this time, such as the beautiful Alhambra of Granada.

En el ámbito de la Europa cristiana, destacan dos estilos artísticos, el románico y el gótico, aunque también se apreciaron otros estilos menos conocidos como el prerrománico, el bizantino o el carolingio, por citar solo algunos. Pero son el románico y el gótico los que se consideran los estilos predominantes de la Edad Media.

El románico se extendió por Europa durante los siglos XI y XIII y se vincula especialmente con el auge de los monasterios durante esta época, caracterizándose por ser grandes construcciones de piedra, con grandes bóvedas, arcos de medio punto y grandes portadas esculpidas, por citar solo algunas características.

In the field of Christian Europe, two artistic styles stand out, the Romanesque and the Gothic, although other less known styles such as the Pre-Romanesque, the Byzantine or the Carolingian, to name just a few, were also appreciated. But it is the Romanesque and Gothic that are considered the predominant styles of the Middle Ages. The Romanesque was extended throughout Europe during the 11th and 13th centuries and is linked especially with the rise of monasteries during this period, characterized by large stone constructions, with large vaults, semicircular arches and large sculpted doorways, to name just a few features.

Santa Maria de Eunate, s. XII, Muruzábal, (Navarra).

Por su parte, el estilo gótico, que se extendió entre los siglos XIII y XV, es un arte eminentemente urbano vinculado a la construcción de magníficas catedrales de grandes vidrieras, altos muros y pilares y enormes naves y girolas que querían presentar la magnificencia del poder de Dios que se extendía hacia el cielo. Es un estilo que dará ya paso al renacentista, donde el hombre se convertirá en el centro del universo y la cultura.

For its part, the Gothic style, which extended between the thirteenth and fifteenth centuries, is an eminently urban art linked to the construction of magnificent cathedrals of large stained glass windows, high walls and pillars and huge ships and gyros that wanted to present the magnificence of the power of God that extended toward the sky. It is a style that will give way to the Renaissance, where man will become the center of the universe and culture.

Catedral de Toledo, s. XIII-XIV.

[globaltravelers]

Iberia - Spain & Portugal - 15 Days (SOLD OUT)

October 29 (Fri) Madrid ~ November 12 (Fri) Barcelona, 2021- 15 Days

Escorted Package Includes:

14 nights accommodations - 4 Star Hotels 

    2 nights Madrid     1 night Salamanca     2 nights Porto     2 nights Lisbon     2 nights Seville     1 night Granada     2 nights Valencia     2 nights Barcelona Hotel taxes, fees & service charges, and hotel porterage are included.

21 meals: 14 breakfasts, 7 dinners with wine

Sightseeing per itinerary in modern air-conditioned motor coach

Services of English-speaking tour manager throughout

Services of local guides

Comfortable wireless earphones for enhanced touring

Special Features:

*At the Prado Museum in Madrid, stand before masterpieces by Velazquez, Goya & El Greco *In historic Segovia, view the 1st century Roman Aqueduct and the fairy-tale Alcazar *Visit Salamanca, one of Spain’s most picturesque cities, a UNESCO World Heritage City *Walking tour of Porto’s historic city center with wine tasting of Portugal’s famed Port Wine *An inspiring visit to the Catholic pilgrimage site of Fatima *Tour Lisbon’s Jeronimos Monastery, resting place of explorer Vasco da Gama *Enjoy the gorgeous scenery on the drive through Andalucia to historic Seville *Visit the Cathedral of Seville, the largest and most beautiful Gothic cathedral in the world *Visit the 13th century Alhambra in Granada *Head through groves of olives, almonds, lemons and oranges to Valencia, the “Garden City” *View Valencia’s Arts & Science City, an extraordinary futuristic architectural marvel *In the fortified fairy-tale city of Peñiscola, view the Castle, built by the Knights Templar *Wine tasting in the renowned wine region of Penedes, known for white and rosé Cava

*** Trip cost: $2,450 per person *** (Limited time offer until price change or sold out by the Tour operator) - SOLD OUT

The above trip cost is based on double occupancy, if you are a solo traveler, we have to find another traveler who can share hotel room with you before accepting your booking. If you wish to stay single occupancy through the trip, the surcharge is $1,150. 

*** Payments: 10% ($245) non-refundable deposit at booking. Balance payable by August 20, 2021.

*** Application:

Send an email to landrambler@outlook.com, and feel free to ask any questions.

*** Itinerary:

DAY 1: Friday - Arrive in Madrid

Welcome to Madrid, Spain's vibrant and sophisticated capital city. Transfer to your hotel with time to rest and relax or, get acquainted with this beautiful city. Tonight, attend an orientation meeting at approximately 7 PM with your Tour Manager on the extraordinary journey that lies ahead in Spain and Portugal, followed by a Welcome Dinner with your fellow travelers

Overnight: Madrid Meals: Dinner

DAY 2, Saturday - Tour of Madrid The discovery of Madrid begins with a drive along the Gran Via through the Opera District and Plaza de Colon to the magnificent Royal Palace, the official residence of the Spanish Royal Family. View the elegant Plaza de Cibeles and Puerta de Alcala Gate. Then, on to the renowned Prado Museum - stand before an astonishing collection of masterpieces by Velazquez, Goya, El Greco and more. The rest of the day is yours to explore this city of great monuments and museums on your own or, join the optional afternoon tour to Toledo. Take a walking tour among the most famous monuments, visiting the St. Tome Church with its El Greco masterpiece and Santa Maria la Blanca Synagogue with its beautiful Moorish architecture, the oldest synagogue in Europe still standing. Tonight, opt to explore Madrid's fabulous restaurants and non-stop nightlife Optional: Half Day Toledo (PM) Overnight: Madrid Meals: Breakfast

DAY 3, Sunday - Segovia, Avila, Salamanca Traveling across the rugged Sierra de Guadarrama, you reach historic Segovia. View the preserved 1st-century Roman aqueduct, symbol of the city, designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site and visit the fairy-tale Alcazar with its soaring turrets, moats, and magical towers. On to the powerful Gothic cathedral that took almost 200 years to complete before walking through the Jewish Quarter. Afterward, continue to Avila, best known for its imposing city walls, one of Spain's best-preserved bastions; its convent pays homage to St. Theresa, founder of the Order of the Carmelites. The drive then takes you to Salamanca, one of the most picturesque cities in Spain, declared a UNESCO World Heritage City. On the way to the hotel, view the beautiful Plaza Mayor, ancient sandstone buildings and the striking old 12th-century cathedral with its mysterious carvings. Dinner together in Salamanca Overnight: Salamanca Meals: Breakfast, Dinner

DAY 4, Monday - Portugal's Coastal City of Porto Crossing the border from Spain into Portugal, stop first in Vila Real where you will view the extraordinary exterior of Casa de Mateus as you stroll around its gardens. Then, arrive in the coastal city of Porto, dramatically set on the banks of the Douro River, a region famed for its production of Port stored in the vast cellars stretching along the river banks. Leisure time in the afternoon to wander on your own along the narrow cobbled streets in the medieval Ribeira district, past merchants' houses and lively cafes. Tonight, join an optional Douro River Cruise with dinner, that passes under Ponte Luis I Bridge and offers panoramas of the city from a new perspective. A meal of local specialties and drinks follows at a typical country restaurant Optional: Douro River Cruise with Dinner (PM) Overnight: Porto Meals: Breakfast

DAY 5, Tuesday - Tour Historic Porto The get acquainted tour of historic Porto begins with a walking tour in the Ribeira district. Visit the Church of Sao Francisco, known for its lavishly gilded carvings and the palatial 19th century Palacio de Bolsa, embellished by an exquisite neoclassical façade. At a welcoming Port Wine cellar, stop for a tasting of this Portuguese favorite. Wander on your own this afternoon in Porto, or join the optional Medieval Portugal tour. Head inland to the heart of Minho province to enjoy the former Roman 'Bracara Augusta'. Here, drive to the top of the 1,300-foot high hill of Bom Jesus, from where you can overlook the city of Braga and admire the famous Holy Way staircase, the most popular place of pilgrimage in the north of Portugal. Proceed to the town of Guimaraes for a walk through the medieval alleys. Savor a delicious dinner before returning to the hotel Optional: Medieval Portugal (PM) Overnight: Porto Meals: Breakfast

DAY 6, Wednesday - Visit Sacred Fatima, Arrive in Lisbon Today, an inspiring visit to Fatima, a central Portuguese town home to the Sanctuary of Fatima, a Catholic pilgrimage site. Millions of pilgrims visit this sacred sanctuary that attracted the attention of the world when apparitions of Our Lady of the Rosary appeared to three shepherd children in 1917. Here, view the great Basilica of Our Lady of the Rosary built in neoclassical style, flanked by colonnades linking it with the extensive convent. Afterwards, travel to Lisbon, one of Europe's most captivating and picturesque capitals, built on a series of hills with scenic vistas from every angle. Tonight, attend the optional Dinner with Fado Music. Travel to one of Lisbon's oldest districts for a traditional dinner of Portuguese favorites with entertainment by soulful Fado singers Optional: Dinner with Fado Music (PM) Overnight: Lisbon Meals: Breakfast

DAY 7, Thursday - Lisbon City Tour In Lisbon, the tour begins with a stop at the top of Edward VII's Park to enjoy a magnificent view over the hills of Lisbon and the River Tagus. Next, view the treasured 16th century Belem Tower, a monument to Portugal's Age of Discovery and UNESCO World Heritage Site. Continue to visit the Jeronimos Monastery, an impressive symbol of the country's power and wealth and resting place of explorer Vasco da Gama. Time for lunch on your own in this delightful setting before an afternoon at leisure. Perhaps join the optional tour to quaint Sintra, the "Glorious Eden" of Lord Byron, and summer retreat of the royal court, highlighted by lavish romantic castles and stunning monuments. Visit Sintra Royal Palace, a 15th-century royal residence, containing one of the largest tile collections in Portugal. Then spend some free time in the Village Historic Center before returning to Lisbon Optional: Half Day Sintra Tour (PM) Overnight: Lisbon Meals: Breakfast, Dinner

DAY 8, Friday - Drive to Seville Heading south, cross over the border into Spain and arrive to the great city of Seville with its astonishing layers of history. Leisure time upon arrival before dinner together. Afterwards, attend the optional Flamenco Show - Seville is the birthplace of Flamenco! Optional: Evening Flamenco Show (PM) Overnight: Seville Meals: Breakfast, Dinner

DAY 9, Saturday - Seville City Tour Begin the day at the beautiful Plaza de España and the fragrant gardens of Maria Luisa Park before a walking tour in the quaint Barrio Santa Cruz, the former Jewish Quarter of the city with its winding cobblestone streets. Continue with a visit to the Cathedral of Seville, the largest Gothic cathedral in the world and legendary burial site of Christopher Columbus. The rest of the day is at leisure or, join the fascinating optional tour to Cordoba, founded by the Romans. Visit the astonishing Mezquita de Cordoba, one of the largest mosques in the world, transformed into a soaring cathedral in the 16th century. A walking tour of the city reveals the ancient Jewish Quarter with its labyrinth of winding narrow streets, shady flower filled courtyards, picturesque squares, and view of the 14th century Synagogue on Calle de los Judios Optional: Half Day Cordoba Tour (PM) Overnight: Seville Meals: Breakfast

DAY 10, Sunday - Moorish Influenced Alhambra The drive today takes you from Seville to Granada. Here, the highlight of your sightseeing is a visit to the 13th century Alhambra,* one of Spain's most celebrated monuments, dramatically perched atop Assabica Hill overlooking the entire city of Granada. This imposing hilltop fortress, declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is one of the finest examples in the world of Moorish art and architecture. During the reign of the Moors, the Alhambra served as the opulent residence of the royal family. Walk along the lanes of the fragrant Generalife Gardens with its beautifully designed courtyards, waterfalls, ponds and views of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. Tonight, dinner is together at a local restaurant *Alhambra visiting times, which may include evening hours, and which areas of the complex are accessible on the day of your visit, are determined solely at the discretion of the Alhambra. Your itinerary will be arranged by your Tour Manager to accommodate the designated time of entry Overnight: Granada Meals: Breakfast, Dinner

DAY 11, Monday - The "Garden City" of Valencia Today, head north through fragrant groves of olives, almonds, lemons and oranges to the spectacular city of Valencia. Known as the "Garden City" of Spain, it is situated on the Orange Blossom Coast where the Turia River meets the Mediterranean Sea. There are few cities like Valencia that are able to combine remnants of its past, dating back to 138 BC, with innovative and avant-garde buildings from the new millennium. Enjoy dinner together in this magical city Overnight: Valencia Meals: Breakfast, Dinner

DAY 12, Tuesday - Valencia City Tour Valencia is Spain's major Mediterranean port - uniquely shaped by the vastness of the sea and the closeness of the coastal mountains. On today's tour, listen to tales about "El Cid," Spain's national hero who fought here against the Moors. Discover this treasure trove of Roman and Arabic architecture before continuing to the gates of the city, City Hall and the Gothic cathedral. Arrive at the dramatic Arts and Science City, an outstanding scientific and cultural complex with extraordinary futuristic architecture, designed by local architect Santiago Calatrava. The rest of the day is yours to linger at this incredible site, or wander on your own. Later, perhaps participate in the optional Paella Cooking Class that includes dinner. Learn how to prepare Paella Valenciana, the popular regional dish in the city where it was created Optional: Paella Cooking Class with Dinner (PM) Overnight: Valencia Meals: Breakfast

DAY 13, Wednesday - Fairy-tale Peñíscola, Penedes Wine Tasting, Barcelona Head along the Mediterranean coast to the fortified fairy-tale city of Peñiscola crowned by the Peñiscola Castle, built by the Knights Templar. The castle stands on the highest point of a rocky headland, featured in the movie "El Cid". View the lighthouse and the lighthouse keeper's cottage with its winding steps leading down to the sea. Then, continue through the Costa Dorada to the renowned wine region of Penedes, where a wide range of wine styles are produced including traditional (sparkling) white and rosé Cava. Visit one of the wine cellars for a tasting of the local wines before proceeding to sensational Barcelona. Upon arrival, perhaps stroll along Las Ramblas, Barcelona's most famous pedestrian walkway with its life-size animators, stalls, and people-watchers. Tonight, enjoy Barcelona's rousing nightlife and fabulous tapas bars Overnight: Barcelona Meals: Breakfast

DAY 14, Thursday - Barcelona City Tour, Gaudi's Architecture Start the day in this artistic city with a drive along the Old Harbor to the Plaza Catalunya, the city's bustling main square. Pass the famous works of Antoni Gaudi, the master architect, including the Casa Batllo, seemingly constructed from skulls and bones. Then, continue on to view the iconic symbol of Barcelona, Gaudi's masterpiece, La Sagrada Familia, a colossal church that is legendary and still unfinished. Ascend Montjuic Hill, home to the Olympic Complex, a number of sports facilities built for the 1992 Summer Olympics. The balance of the day is at leisure to explore the many galleries, museums, and sights in this magnificent city. Perhaps partake in the optional tour to Montserrat that begins with a scenic drive past picturesque villages to Montserrat Mountain. Here, visit the Royal Basilica to see the famous 12th-century Romanesque sculpture of "Virgen Moreneta." On your last night in Spain, join your fellow travelers for a festive Farewell Dinner Optional: Half Day Montserrat Tour (PM) Overnight: Barcelona Meals: Breakfast, Dinner

DAY 15, Friday - Depart Spain Transfer to the airport for your departure flight Meals: Breakfast

This trip is organized by Travel Around the World Together Group, owned and operated by Global Travelers Society, Inc. a non-profit organization, all rights reserved.

[pope-francis-quotes]

15th April >> (@ZenitEnglish) #PopeFrancis #Pope Francis Holy Father Appoints Two Bishops in Brazil and Names an Apostolic Administrator in Peru.

Resignation of the bishop of Ruy Barbosa, Brazil, and appointment of successor

The Holy Father has accepted the resignation of the pastoral care of the diocese of Ruy Barbosa, Brazil, presented by Bishop André De Witte.

The Pope has appointed Bishop Estevam dos Santos Silva Filho as bishop of Ruy Barbosa, Brazil, transferring him from the titular see of Feradi Maius and the office of auxiliary of São Salvador da Bahia.

Bishop Estevam dos Santos Silva Filho

Bishop Estevam dos Santos Silva Filho was born on 10 April 1968 in Vitória da Conquista, in the archdiocese of the same name in the State of Bahia. He attended the course in philosophy at the Instituto Filosófico Nossa Senhora das Vitórias, in Vitória da Conquista, and in theology at the Instituto Coração Eucarístico de Jesus in Belo Horizonte. In addition, he specialised in Communication at the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana in Bogotá, Colombia, and at the Service to the Pastoral Ministry of Communication (SEPAC) in São Paulo.

He received priestly ordination on 9 June 1995 and was incardinated in the archdiocese of Vitória da Conquista, where he held the office of pastor in the parishes of Nossa Senhora do Perpétuo Socorro in Iguaí-BA, Senhor do Bonfim and Santa Rita in Planato-BA, Divino Espírito Santo in Poções-BA and Nossa Senhora das Candeias in Vitória da Conquista-BA. He was parish administrator of Nossa Senhora da Conceição in Nova Canaã-BA, spiritual director of the preparatory seminary and the major seminary of philosophy of the archdiocese of Vitória da Conquista, and the major seminary of theology in Ilhéus-BA. In addition, he was a member of the council of formators, the college of consultors and the presbyteral council; ecclesiastical counsellor for the pastoral care of communication and the youth sector; archdiocesan bursar and professor of social communication.

On January 29, 2014 he was appointed as titular bishop of Feradi Maius and auxiliary of São Salvador da Bahia, receiving episcopal ordination the following 30 March.

Resignation of bishop of Callao, Peru, and appointment of apostolic administrator

The Holy Father has accepted the resignation from the pastoral care of the diocese of Callao, Peru, presented by Bishop José Luis del Palacio y Pérez-Medel.

The Pope has appointed Bishop Robert Francis Prevost, O.S.A., of Chiclayo, Peru, as apostolic administrator “sede vacante” of the diocese of Callao.

Appointment of bishop of Erexim, Brazil

The Holy Father has appointed as bishop of the diocese of Erexim, Brazil, the Reverend Adimir Antônio Mazali, of the clergy of the archdiocese of Cascavel, currently parish priest of the Cathedral of Nossa Senhora Aparecida.

Reverend Adimir Antônio Mazali

The Reverend Adimir Antônio Mazali was born on 16 May 1966 in Corbélia, archdiocese of Cascavel, Paraná State. He studied philosophy at the Arnaldo Busato Faculty of Human Sciences in Toledo-PR (1986-1988) and theology at the Studium Theologicum in Curitiba-PR (1989-1992). He was awarded a licentiate in patristic theology at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome (1999-2001).

On 5 May 1992 he was ordained a priest and incardinated in the archdiocese of Cascavel, where he held the following offices: spiritual director of the São José minor seminary and promoter of vocations (1992-1999); parish vicar of Imaculado Coração de Maria in Cascavel-PR (1995-1996); parish administrator of Nossa Senhora de Caravaggio in Cascavel-PR (1996-1999); administrator of the diocesan Shrine of Nossa Senhora da Salette in Braganey-PR; rector of the major seminary of theology (2002-2009); professor at the Interdiocesan Centre of Theology of Cascavel-PR (2002-2004); spiritual director of the preparatory seminary (2005-2006); professor (2005-2019) and director (2009-2019) of the Faculdade Missioneira do Paraná (FAMIPAR) in Cascavel-PR; parish priest of Nossa Senhora de Fátima in Cascavel-PR (2009-2016); consultant for family pastoral care at archdiocesan and Regional Sul 2 level.

Since 2016 he has served as parish priest of the Cathedral of Nossa Senhora Aparecida in Cascavel.

15th APRIL 2020 15:45POPE & HOLY SEE

[matthewschueller]

One Day in Madrid | Gay Madrid Guide

One Day in Madrid?

So you’re planning your trip around Europe and you’ve only got 24 hours in Madrid… it is not easy to deeply experience Madrid in such a short time, but with a bit of quick walking and an optimistic mindset to see as much as possible, here’s what you should put on your list for what to see in Madrid in 24 hours!

Our first recommendation is to plan fo more than 24 hours in this beautiful city. Madrid is often overlooked by backpackers around the world when planning a trip around Europe, but it shouldn’t be skipped! The vibrant and electric atmosphere of the city will have you wanting to book a trip back before you depart.

Gay Madrid

Madrid is one of the most gay friendly cities in Europe. After the huge success of World Pride in 2017, Madrid has become one of the top destinations for LGBTQ+ people everywhere. Its infamous Chueca neighborhood is the city’s gayzone and holds some of the best gay bars in Madrid. While boasting the most lively Madrid night clubs, we recommend including Kapital Madrid on your night out. Apart from the fun of Chueca, Madrid should be near the top of anyone’s must-see list and here’s why!

What To See in Madrid in 24 Hours

Madrid is a very walkable city. The best thing you can do to get oriented with the city is to first partake in a free walking tour. And what better way to experience a bit of the spontaneous street-art throughout the city than to walk around! Here are some of the best free walking tours in Madrid. 

1. Take a Tour

Free Walking Tours Madrid:

The free tour leaves every day at 11am (Saturdays at 3pm) from the Plaza del Callao. The walking tour is available in Spanish and English.

Free Tour of Madrid:

This tour runs for about 3 hours from Plaza Mayor. The walking tour is given in English and Spanish. The start times are 10am, 11am, 2pm, and 4pm. 

OK Hostel Free Walking Tour:

Some of the Hostels in central Madrid offer Free Walking Tours as well. We stayed at OK Hostel and took advantage of their free tour along with other travelers!

Rainbow Gay Tours

Looking for more incredible in-depth tours around Madrid? Our friends at Rainbow Gay Tours gave us an experience of a lifetime while in Spain. In Madrid, dive in with one of their premium tours! Get 10% off when mentioning “Michael and Matt” on your email/booking! We Recommend:

Madrid City Center Tour: In this three-hour tour you will discover the most important monuments and places of the city center, unhurried and at your own pace.

Madrid Rainbow Night: In this 2 hour tour, you will be shown the most popular venues for the LGBT community where you can party and have a good time!

2. Puerta del Sol

Whether you’re looking for some great shopping, chow down on churro con chocolate, or people watch amidst the various street performers, Puerta del Sol is Madrid’s most famous central gathering place. Just a short walk from Plaza Mayor, Puerta del Sol was originally the spot of Madrid’s old city east gate.

3. Almudena Cathedral (Santa María la Real de La Almudena)

This Neo-Gothic Cathedral can be a quick stop on your way to the Royal Palace, or you can spend 1 to 2 hours here walking around its chapels and chambers. This is actually a newer cathedral, with construction beginning in 1879. Santa Maria Cathedral is open from 9:30am to 8:30pm 7 days a week. However, the museum is only open Monday through Saturday 10am to 2:30pm.

4. Royal Palace of Madrid (Palacio Real De Madrid)

As the grandest building in Madrid, The Royal Palace boasts an insane amount of History presenting tons of information on the Kings of Spain from Charles III to Alfonso XIII. Just a short walk from the Plaza Mayor, you can wander some of its 3000+ rooms, and look in awe at its ornate decoration. Don’t miss the Changing of the Guard (presented on Wednesdays and Saturdays). While it costs to enter the Royal Palace, you can enjoy its beauty admiring the outside if you’re in a rush. Or, come by in the evening and see the Palace from the nearby Sabatini Gardens.

Sabatini Gardens

Want another fascinating view of the Royal Palace? Head just north of the Palace, down the giant staircases to Sabatini Gardens. These Classical gardens were built in the 1930s where the former stables used to be. Here you can admire gorgeous flowers, a fascinating set of reflecting pools and fountains, and the Palace’s towering north facade. The Sabatini Gardens are open from 9am to 9pm and are especially magical close to sunset. This is one of the best places to watch the sunset in Madrid. If you’re looking for a great Instagram photo opportunity, stand at the northern end of the reflecting pool and set the Royal Palace as your backdrop. 

Watch our 24 hours in Madrid and Toledo!

5. Plaza Mayor

Madrid’s living room, and the major public square in the heart of the city center. While wandering the tightly packed streets of central Madrid, you can’t miss this grand open space, boasting warm colors and picturesque architecture. The cobbled stone square is flanked by countless cafes, and acts as the meeting place, including for many of the free walking tours. This plaza was designed in 1619 by Juan Gómez de Mora and is something you must see in Madrid. Food and drink can be a bit overpriced in the plaza, but it’s worth sitting down at one of the tables at least once for the experience! We recommend Restaurant DCorozon at the North East corner of the plaza.

6. Madrid’s Museums

Madrid is a city filled to the brim with museums. From incredible paintings, history, artwork and architecture, it’s not easy to experience all of them even in a lengthy visit. In a pinch, here are the best museums in Madrid:

Prado Museum (Museo Nacional del Prado)

The Prado Museum (Museo Nacional del Prado) is a must-see when visiting Spain’s capital. There are many tours available to really dive into the works, but for those of you who are on a tight schedule, one or two hours can be enough to see the most important pieces of art. There are over 7,000 paintings within its interior, so even spending the entire day here is likely to only scratch the surface, and is an intimidating feet! The Museum is open from 10am to 8pm, however visiting at the very start of the day or during lunchtime around 2pm may save you some time in the queues. Buying a ticket in advance means that you can head straight in through security and avoid the long line altogether. Free entry is offered from 6 to 8pm Monday through Saturday and 5-7pm on Sundays and holidays, but the free hours almost always equate to large lines and crowded rooms. Must-see paintings include Valaquez’s Las Meninas, and Bosch’s Garden of Earthly Delights.

Reina Sofia Museum (Museo Nacional Centro de Arte Reina Sofía):

Spain’s national museum which holds 20th-century art. This prized museum is also located close to the Atocha train station in Madrid’s “golden triangle” of art. Holding Picasso’s Guernica, this is an essential stop for any lover of art. The Reina Sofia is closed every Tuesday, with entry from 10am to 9pm. The least busiest time to visit is right at opening. Like the Prado Museum, you can purchase tickets online in advance.

Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum (Museo Nacional Thyssen-Bornemisza):

Another incredibly popular museum in Madrid hosting an overview of art from the 13th to the late 20th century. From Renaissance and Baroque, to Pop Art and Impressionism, The Thyssen is one of the most extraordinary private collections of European art in the world. Where the Prado and Reina Sofia allow you to dive into specific bodies of work, the Thyssen takes a much broader view of artistic styles. Canaletto, Rubens, Degas, Manet and Van Gogh are just a few of the great artists represented here. The Thyssen is open from 10am to 7pm Tuesday through Sunday, and 12pm to 4pm on Mondays with free entry. Purchase your tickets online.

7. El Retiro Park

After running around in the hot sun for much of the day, what better place to go and relax than Madrid’s El Retiro Park? With over 15,000 trees, Madrid’s largest park is bound to provide you with plenty of shade and a little relaxation for your mid-day siesta. Check out Rainbow Gay Tours Retiro Park Tour which will take you through to see the best sights, ending in the lively Chueca district!

The Crystal Palace (Palacio de Cristal)

As one of the most iconic buildings in Madrid, this is a must-see spot in El Retiro Park. Located in the center of the park, the palace is made almost entirely from glass. The interior hosts art exhibitions and you may enter for free to see how the light shining through the crystal bounces around the many surfaces. The Crystal Palace is also a hotspot for Instagram photos. As you walk around the small lake in front of it, be sure to take advantage of the fun photo opportunities here!

The Retiro Park Lake (Estanque grande del Retiro)

If you fancy renting a small rowboat for a few euros, you can enjoy the coolness of Retiro Park’s Lake and paddle around, enjoying the view. The lake lies just beyond the massive statue of Alfonso XII, and is especially beautiful at sunset.

The Rose Garden (La Rosaleda)

Most of the flowers and roses are blooming in full force by late May, making this part of the park absolutely stunning any part of the late Spring. Walk through and get lost in its many arches and thousands of roses. It’s the perfect spot to rest your feet on a bench, watch the fountains, and simply enjoy a quiet moment away from the hustle and bustle of the city.

8. Tapa Street (Calle de la Cava Baja)

You cannot visit Madrid without experiencing the madness and fun of going out for tapas! Cram yourself into a small bar a little past 8pm to start your dinner with small plates and ask for a glass of vino tinto or 3! There are by far more tapa bars than empty stomachs in Madrid, but here on Calle de la Cava Baja you will find some of the best and locally popular spots in the old city. This is one of the best places to eat in Madrid. Looking for a couple places to start? Check out Lamiak and Casa Lucas.

9. San Miguel Market (Mercado de San Miguel)

Although not the cheapest place to get tapas in Madrid, San Miguel Market holds a massive variety of flavors and represents a new type of Spanish cuisine. The large indoor market is packed with tourists and locals alike drinking and eating and meeting with friends in the open areas around the market. Even if you’re not planning on having your entire dinner here, it’s worth checking out and enjoying a couple exquisite and modern tapas.

10. Chueca District

Chueca is the heart of gay Madrid. For nightlife, the bars and clubs are primarily centered around Plaza de Vazquez de Mella. Whether you’re looking for a place to grab a drink, sit down for dinner, go shopping, or go dancing, Chueca has something for everyone. It’s an active area that in recent decades has exploded as the quintessential gay neighborhood of Madrid. Make sure to cut out a little time to experience the nightlife here.

Where to Stay in Madrid

With a ton to see comes just as many options for accommodations including many hotels and hostels in Madrid. When looking at aspects of location, affordability, comfort and social atmosphere, these are the best places to stay in Madrid.

Axel Hotel:

In the heart of the old city is Axel Hotel, providing an incredibly fun and comfortable environment to see all the best parts of Madrid while being able to meet others in the city. With its rooftop pool and bar, Axel is the most renowned and top recommended LGBTQ+ hotel in central Madrid. Book your stay at Axel Hotel.

OK Hostel Madrid:

Along with hotel options, there are a variety of hostels to choose from in Madrid. OK Hostel is one of the most popular and highest rated hostels in the city center. It is one of our favorite hostales en Madrid! OK Hostel takes the cake for great location, centered just a five minute walk from Plaza Mayor and a short distance from the gay and nightlife district, Chueca. OK hostel hosts tons of group activities including their daily free walking tour, and a pretty expansive breakfast including eggs, bacon, and a fun cappuccino machine! This makes for a great, comfortable and affordable option for those who are looking to meet fellow travelers and backpackers. Book your stay at OK Hostel Madrid.

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[frogward]

¡ Que viva España!

We’re just back from our annual Spring road trip and thought we’d share a few of our favorite photos from our travels to Spain and the southeastern part of France.  Our first day took us to Bordeaux, a city that, oddly enough, we’d never visited before.  

One of the ancient gates of the city, followed by a more modern vista with a Jaume Plensa head.

The pet names the French and English have for each other:

A little street art whimsy

From Bordeaux we drove down and across the border into Spain and made our way to Burgos. Our hotel was across the plaza from the cathedral - great view for breakfast!

A little summary of the Burgos cathedral interior

A couple of sights of Burgos by night:

Arco de Santa Maria, a medieval city gate (includes a statue of El Cid)

As a bonus, we have a photo of Phil discovering what real Spanish hot chocolate and churros are all about!

More street art?

Our next stop after Burgos was Toledo, in Castilla La Mancha.  The steep narrow streets were real nail biters, and we crept along sometimes holding our breath with side mirrors folded in.  

Seriously!

The fabulous cathedral - 

The cloister and its orange trees

 Renaissance and Baroque delirium within the cathedral 

An opening to heaven!

a glimpse of the Alcazar

Toledo by night

The “mudejar “ or Moorish or Islamic style is everywhere - It is gorgeous - remember that Spain was under Moslem rule for 800 years. 

From Toledo, we headed south to the marvelous city of Granada.  There our hotel was in a house dating from the 14th Century,  located in the Albaicin quarter, on a hill across the famous Alhambra fortress/palace.  We were able to walk everywhere in town, or take the crazy city minibuses zooming downhill through the nerve-wrackingly narrow streets. 

Ah...finally it feels like we’re on vacation!

Having drinks on a terrace overlooking the Alhambra as the sun is setting

A street along the cathedral - shades of Mexico City on the left!

Inside one of Granada’s university buildings, this mudejar jewel

The Royal chapel, containing the tombs of Ferdinand and Isabella, and Juana la Loca (sorry no photos of the inside are allowed)

Along the walls of the Alhambra

This is the Albaicin quarter seen from the Alhambra.  

We even attended an outstanding Flamenco performance one evening.  Great guitar player! The dancers were excellent, so was the singer. Olé!

More weird street art...

Adios, Granada! This next photo is the essence of the Granada experience....

Our next stop on the long trip back was Cordoba with its eye-popping Mesquita/Catedral (mosque/cathedral), and its charming old walled city.  

Crossing the Roman bridge over the Guadalquivir river (the mosque/cathedral is on the right)

One of the lovely old streets in question.

The central garden of the mosque/cathedral

An astoundingly magnificent and peaceful place in spite of the agitation outside:

pure mudejar style 

Along the outside walls of the Mezquita Catedral

Still heading north, we stopped for the night in Cacerés in Extramadura, a little off the beaten track. The walled city is a world heritage site.

From the other side of the gate at night

There is a lovely Parador in Tordesillas, so we decided to check out the town that was once the capital of Castile when Juana la Loca was queen.  This now small town is the  site of the 1494 Treaty dividing up the newly discovered lands between Spain and Portugal under the aegis of the Spanish Pope Alexander Vi Borgia (Borja).  You’ll see that represented in some of the outstanding educational murals/street art there.

most of the tallest buildings in the city sport stork nests - at the time of the photos it was stork siesta time.

Our last stop in Spain was another of the lovely Paradorés, former castles, fortresses, manors, etc...  turned into hotels and run by the Spanish government.  

A quick shopping stop (cured meats, Arbequina olive oil and Idazabal cheese) in Bilbao on the Spain side of the Basque country (we’d already visited the Gehry designed Guggenheim Museum there a few years back)....

Then back into the French Basque country for two windy days in Biarritz,  where we visited our cousins.

Without forgetting the city’s market and this nifty seafood display

Our last night on the road was spent in beautiful La Rochelle (about 3 hours from home) where we successfully sought out the memorable Thai restaurant we had discovered six years earlier.  What a trip!  

The famous towers of La Rochelle :

The streets with their 16th century arches, by day and by night

[alexconkleton]

Memories & Inspirations of Templarism: Lisieux

One of the finest representations of the crucifix that I’ve seen resides in the cathedral at Lisieux in France.

It towers high, shaped and detailed to replica real wood. The most interesting feature is the snake twined around the vertical. Throughout Christianity the symbol of a snake has represented temptation and evil but it’s pre-Christian symbolism has been hidden and is the most relevant in its representation of rebirth and new life, through how the snake sheds its skin. This powerful symbology correlates to the rebirth of Jesus, as he shed his Earthly, humanoid body and ascended into spiritual form.

When exploring spirituality and faith you must be prepared to research patterns and symbols of mystic that most would not consider. At Lisieux there is an intriguing mysticism to the storytelling of the life of Saint Theresa who founded the mission.

In the story below I was interested in the statement that they required a trinity of poses and that of all the possible witnesses it is that of the gardener who is referenced. This is significant in that when Jesus is reported as having appeared to Mary in the garden of his burial, Mary mistook him for the gardener. Was her comment intended for his ears because it was only a murmur but he heard the words and it could be understood as a a comment directed at him, encouraging him to take her spirit through death.

There is also the comment of Therese’s naming being sounding a though she is a child of Jesus, a theme of a number of the stories recounted throughout the church. It was on 10 January 1889 when Saint Therese was given the habit that she received the formal name of Thérèse of the Child Jesus. 

It is this that intrigued me to look further and exploring this suggestion further finds some other interesting contributions such as Saint Therese being popularly known as "The Little Flower of Jesus" and she is regarded as one of the most popular saints in the history of the church.

Saint Therese is regarded as a highly influential model of sanctity for many catholics. Together with Saint Francis of Assisi, Saint Thérèse is one of the most popular Roman Catholic saints since apostolic times. Pope Saint Pius X called her "the greatest saint of modern times".

Saint Therese’s parents remain the first and only married couple to be canonized.

Louis Martin, Thérèse’s father gave pet names to his children and Therese was his petite reine, little queen, to whom all treasures belonged. 

It was Christmas Eve of 1886 that Thérèse her "complete conversion." Years later she stated that on that night she overcame the pressures she had faced since the death of her mother and said that "God worked a little miracle to make me grow up in an instant ... On that blessed night … Jesus, who saw fit to make Himself a child out of love for me, saw fit to have me come forth from the swaddling clothes and imperfections of childhood"

After her death Therese’s body was exhumed in September 1910 and the remains placed in a lead coffin and transferred to another tomb.

Saint Therese was recognised as a Doctor of the Church, a title given by the Catholic Church to saints whom they recognize as having made significant contribution to theology or doctrine through their research study, or writing. This title is an English interpretation of the original Latin title in which Doctor means Teacher, a title be which Jesus was commonly known.

Other Doctor’s of the Church include Saint Bernard of Clairvaux (1090 – 20 August 1153), a French abbot and a major leader in the reform of Benedictine monasticism that caused the formation of the Cistercian order. In the year 1128, Bernard attended the Council of Troyes and created the Rule of the Knights Templar, which soon became the ideal of Christian nobility.

In 1895 Saint Theresa composed the poem "My Heaven down here", was this in reference to Theresa having knowledge of heaven and how it could be transposed on Earth? In the poem Therese expresses the notion that by the divine union of love, the soul takes on the semblance of Christ. By contemplating the sufferings associated with the Holy Face of Jesus, she felt she could become closer to Christ. She wrote the words "Make me resemble you, Jesus!" on a small card and attached a stamp with an image of the Holy Face. She pinned the prayer in a small container over her heart.

On her death-bed Saint Therese said, "I only love simplicity. I have a horror of pretence", was this perhaps a reference to her own pretence of her own relationship with Jesus?

Pope Benedict XV dispensed with the usual fifty-year delay required between death and beatification and on 14th August 1921, he promulgated the decree on the heroic virtues of Thérèse declaring her "Venerable". She was beatified on 29th April 1923. Therese was canonized on 17th May 1925 by Pope Pius XI, only 28 years after her death. 

It is interesting that Thérèse was declared a saint five years and a day after Joan of Arc. As yet the reason for the exactness for this timing is not clear.

However, the 1925 celebration for Thérèse "far outshone" that for the legendary heroine of France. Pope Pius XI revived the old custom of covering St. Peter's with torches and tallow lamps. According to one account, "Ropes, lamps and tallows were pulled from the dusty storerooms where they had been packed away for 55 years. A few old workmen who remembered how it was done the last time, in 1870, directed 300 men for two weeks as they climbed about fastening lamps to St. Peter's dome." The New York Times ran a front-page story about the occasion titled, "All Rome Admires St. Peter's Aglow for a New Saint". 

According to the Times, over 60,000 people, estimated to be the largest crowd inside St. Peter's Basilica since the coronation of Pope Saint Pius X, 22 years before, witnessed the canonization ceremonies. In the evening, 500,000 pilgrims pressed into the lit square.

She rapidly became one of the most popular saints of the twentieth century. Her feast day was added to the General Roman Calendar in for celebration on October 3rd. In 1969, 42 years later, Pope Paul VI moved it to October 1st, the day after her dies natalis (birthday to heaven).

In 1944 Pope Pius XII decreed her a co-patron of France with Saint Joan of Arc. The principal patron of France is the Blessed Virgin Mary.

By the Apostolic Letter Divini Amoris Scientia (The Science of Divine Love) of 19th October 1997, Pope Saint John Paul II declared her the thirty-third Doctor of the Church, the youngest person, and one of only four women so named, the others being Teresa of Ávila (Saint Teresa of Jesus), Hildegard of Bingen and Catherine of Siena.

This small group of women becomes of great interest to focus the research on Saint Theresa’s peer group to further explore the understanding of the importance and relevance of her being made a Doctor of the Church and associated with them.

Teresa of Avila is a particularly interesting individual with whom to start. Teresa is also known as Saint Teresa of Jesus who lived 28th March 1515 – 4th October 1582 was known as a prominent Spainish mystic; mysticism being in strong association with pre-Christian faiths.

Her paternal grandfather, Juan Sánchez de Toledo, was a marrano (a Jewish man who was forcibly converted to Christianity). When Teresa's father was a child, Juan was condemned by the Spanish Inquisition for allegedly returning to the Jewish faith, but he was able to convince them otherwise and re-assume a Christian identity. A Jewish family legacy brings Teresa’s lineage closer to a possible connection with the blood line of Jesus.

When her mother died, Teresa found comfort in a deep devotion to the Virgin Mary as her spiritual mother, perhaps a natural calling.

Teresa’s connection to an older religious faith manifested in her widening learning of spiritualism. As the Catholic distinction between mortal and venial sin became clear to her, she says she came to understand the awful terror of sin and the inherent nature of original sin. She also became conscious of her own natural impotence in confronting sin and the necessity of absolute subjection to God.

Around 1556, various friends suggested that her newfound knowledge was diabolical, not divine. This knowledge could have been an indicator of Teresa’s learning of a secret or hidden knowledge shared through her lineage, through the relationship of her blood line. 

She began to inflict various tortures and mortifications of the flesh upon herself. But her confessor, the Jesuit Saint Francis Borgia, reassured her of the divine inspiration of her thoughts. On St. Peter's Day in 1559, Teresa became firmly convinced that Jesus Christ presented himself to her in bodily form, though invisible. These visions lasted almost uninterrupted for more than two years. In another vision, a seraph drove the fiery point of a golden lance repeatedly through her heart, causing an ineffable spiritual and bodily pain:

“I saw in his hand a long spear of gold, and at the point there seemed to be a little fire. He appeared to me to be thrusting it at times into my heart, and to pierce my very entrails; when he drew it out, he seemed to draw them out also, and to leave me all on fire with a great love of God. The pain was so great, that it made me moan; and yet so surpassing was the sweetness of this excessive pain, that I could not wish to be rid of it...”

This vision was the inspiration for one of Bernini's most famous works, the Ecstasy of Saint Teresa at Santa Maria della Vittoria in Rome. 

By Alvesgaspar - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=43527951

This iconic work of art which was used as an inspiration for Robert Langdon investigation of the path to Illumination in Angels and Demons. As in the movie is this a hidden message that directs your attention to the truth of a connection of the illuminati to Teresa and her pre-Christian heritage, which carries the power of knowledge that could threaten to bring down the mysticism and power of the church.

Another of the earlier female Doctors of the Church was Hildegard of Bingen 1098 – 17 September 1179 a German Benedictine abbess, writer, composer, philosopher, Christian mystic, visionary, and polymath.

Saint Hildegard wrote Liber Divinorum Operum "Universal Man" about 400 years before the image and interpretation of the mystery of man was immortalised in Leonardo Da Vinci’s Vitruvian Man.

This was Saint Hildegard's last and grandest visionary work had its genesis in one of the few times she experienced something like an ecstatic loss of consciousness. As she described it in an autobiographical passage included in her Vita, sometime in about 1163, she received "an extraordinary mystical vision" in which was revealed the "sprinkling drops of sweet rain" that John the Evangelist experienced when he wrote, "In the beginning was the Word..." (John 1:1). Hildegard perceived that this Word was the key to the "Work of God", of which humankind is the pinnacle. 

The Book of Divine Works, therefore, became in many ways an extended explication of the Prologue to John's Gospel.The ten visions of this work's three parts are cosmic in scale, to illustrate various ways of understanding the relationship between God and his creation. Often, that relationship is established by grand allegorical female figures representing Divine Love (Caritas) or Wisdom (Sapientia). The true, overwhelming influence and power of femininity is divine in many aspects.

The first vision opens the work with a salvo of poetic and visionary images, swirling about to characterize God's dynamic activity within the scope of his work within the history of salvation. 

The remaining three visions of the first part introduce the famous image of a human being standing astride the spheres that make up the universe, and detail the intricate relationships between the human as microcosm and the universe as macrocosm. This culminates in the final chapter of Part One, Vision Four with Hildegard's commentary on the Prologue to John's Gospel (John 1:1-14), a direct rumination on the meaning of "In the beginning was the Word..." The single vision that comprises the whole of Part Two stretches that rumination back to the opening of Genesis, and forms an extended commentary on the seven days of the creation of the world told in Genesis 1-2:3. This commentary interprets each day of creation in three ways: literal or cosmological; allegorical or ecclesiological (i.e. related to the Church's history); and moral or tropological (i.e. related to the soul's growth in virtue).

Finally, the five visions of the third part take up again the building imagery of Scivias to describe the course of salvation history. The final vision (3.5) contains Hildegard's longest and most detailed prophetic program of the life of the Church from her own days of "womanish weakness" through to the coming and ultimate downfall of the Antichrist.

This incredible work of vision and divine inspiration could be some of the greatest wisdom ever bestowed upon humanity. Imagine for a moment if just one of these visions were real and a true message from God through Hildegard. This and her other works of vision interpretation reveal the meaning behind creation, our relationship to divinity and the universe pre-Bible scripture. 

Saint Hildegard’s inspired knowledge and wisdom are clearly expressed through her medicinal and scientific writings, though thematically complementary to her ideas about nature expressed in her visionary works, they are different in focus and scope. Neither claim to be rooted in her visionary experience and its divine authority. Rather, they spring from her experience helping in and then leading the monastery's herbal garden and infirmary, as well as the theoretical information she likely gained through her wide-ranging reading in the monastery's library, a library no doubt of great wealth in ancient, pre-Christian knowledge. As she gained practical skills in diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment, she combined physical treatment of physical diseases with holistic methods centered on "spiritual healing." She became well known for her healing powers involving practical application of tinctures, herbs, and precious stones. She combined these elements with a theological notion ultimately derived from Genesis: all things put on earth are for the use of humans. In addition to her hands-on experience, she also gained medical knowledge, including elements of her humoral theory, from traditional Latin texts.

Hildegard cataloged both her theory and practice in two works. The first, Physica, containg nine books that describe the scientific and medicinal properties of various plants, stones, fish, reptiles, and animals. The second, Causae et Curae, is an exploration of the human body, its connections to the rest of the natural world, and the causes and cures of various diseases.

In the first part of Causae et Curae there is the context of the creation of the cosmos and then humanity as its summit, and the constant interplay of the human person as microcosm both physically and spiritually with the macrocosm of the universe informs all of Hildegard's approach. Her hallmark is to emphasize the vital connection between the "green" health of the natural world and the holistic health of the human person. Viriditas, or greening power, was thought to sustain human beings and could be manipulated by adjusting the balance of elements within a person. Thus, when she approached medicine as a type of gardening, it was not just as an analogy. Rather, Hildegard understood the plants and elements of the garden as direct counterparts to the humors and elements within the human body, whose imbalance led to illness and disease.

Thus, the nearly three hundred chapters of the second book of Causae et Curae "explore the etiology, or causes, of disease as well as human sexuality, psychology, and physiology." In this section, she give specific instructions for bleeding based on various factors, including gender, the phase of the moon (bleeding is best done when moon is waning), the place of disease (use veins near diseased organ of body part) or prevention (big veins in arms), and how much blood to take (described in imprecise measurements, like "the amount that a thirsty person can swallow in one gulp").

In the third and fourth sections, Hildegard describes treatments for malignant and minor problems and diseases according to the humoral theory, again including information on animal health. 

The fifth section is about diagnosis and prognosis, which includes instructions to check the patient's blood, pulse, urine and stool. Finally, the sixth section documents a lunar horoscope to provide an additional means of prognosis for both disease and other medical conditions, such as conception and the outcome of pregnancy. For example, she indicates that a waxing moon is good for human conception and is also good for sowing seeds for plants (sowing seeds is the plant equivalent of conception). Elsewhere, Hildegard is even said to have stressed the value of boiling drinking water in an attempt to prevent infection.

As Hildegard elaborates the medical and scientific relationship between the human microcosm and the macrocosm of the universe, she often focuses on interrelated patterns of four: "the four elements (fire, air, water, and earth), the four seasons, the four humors, the four zones of the earth, and the four major winds."

Although she inherited the basic framework of humoral theory from ancient medicine, Hildegard's conception of the hierarchical inter-balance of the four humors (blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile) was unique, based on their correspondence to "superior" and "inferior" elements, blood and phlegm corresponding to the "celestial" elements of fire and air, and the two biles corresponding to the "terrestrial" elements of water and earth. Hildegard understood the disease-causing imbalance of these humors to result from the improper dominance of the subordinate humors. This disharmony reflects that introduced by Adam and Eve in the Fall, which for Hildegard marked the indelible entrance of disease and humoral imbalance into humankind. As she writes in Causae et Curae c. 42:

“It happens that certain men suffer diverse illnesses. This comes from the phlegm which is superabundant within them. For if man had remained in paradise, he would not have had the flegmata within his body, from which many evils proceed, but his flesh would have been whole and without dark humor [livor]. However, because he consented to evil and relinquished good, he was made into a likeness of the earth, which produces good and useful herbs, as well as bad and useless ones, and which has in itself both good and evil moistures. From tasting evil, the blood of the sons of Adam was turned into the poison of semen, out of which the sons of man are begotten. And therefore their flesh is ulcerated and permeable [to disease]. These sores and openings create a certain storm and smoky moisture in men, from which the flegmata arise and coagulate, which then introduce diverse infirmities to the human body. All this arose from the first evil, which man began at the start, because if Adam had remained in paradise, he would have had the sweetest health, and the best dwelling-place, just as the strongest balsam emits the best odor; but on the contrary, man now has within himself poison and phlegm and diverse illnesses.”

Saint Hildegard is the first recorded female Doctor of the Church, a record of spiritually inspired, women who are revered, even officially by the church, for their expansion and exploration of spiritualism, even though this challenged doctrine and sanctioned Christian belief or was this acceptance how the church continued its millenia of the assimilation of the truth of the bloodline of Jesus and the truth of the nature of the divine symbiotic relationship and harmony between all life.

[elonasblog]

Characteristics of gothic art

We make sense of what Gothic workmanship and its principal attributes are. Additionally, a few instances of renowned works, engineering and that's only the tip of the iceberg.

What is gothic craftsmanship? Gothic workmanship is a creative style that prevailed in strict engineering, figure, and painting in Europe between the twelfth and fifteenth hundreds of years, until the ascent of the Renaissance social development . It was gone before by Romanesque workmanship (eleventh and twelfth hundreds of years). The basilica of the imperial monastery of Saint Denis in France is viewed as the primary recorded landmark in the Gothic style. It was worked from 1140 onwards by Suger, the abbot or prevalent of that cloister, thought about the advertiser of Gothic craftsmanship. In the first place, the term Gothic was assigned in an overly critical manner by the classicist Italian journalists of the Renaissance who considered all that was not old style as grotesqueness. Gothic craftsmanship was credited to the savage clans who had annihilated the Roman Empire and its traditional culture of the fifth century AD. Gothic craftsmanship was just esteemed from the nineteenth century AD. C. also, was thought of as pompous and forcing. Gothic workmanship attributes Gothic engineering utilized novel methods, like high vaulted roofs and curves. Among the primary attributes of Gothic workmanship are: The standard of the style of light as the groundwork of all craftsmanship . He had the option to address the theocentric thought of the illumination of God . Its application in strict design, like cloisters and church buildings. The utilization of the sharp curve that finished in a sharp shape and produced a vibe of extraordinary level. It was applied to vaults, entryways and windows. The utilization of inventive engineering strategies that permitted to accomplish the special style of high roofs, flying brace curves and broad stained glass walls. The plan of lavish structures applied both in design and in engineering improvement. The beautification with glossy materials and the utilization of brilliant varieties, to intensify the idea of radiance. The utilization of enormous hued windows that mirrored various sorts of light into the inside of houses of God and religious communities. Principal Gothic works Inside of the principal Gothic-style basilica, Saint Denis in France. Among the fundamental works of Gothic craftsmanship, the basilicas stand apart as building work second to none. Among the most delegate are: The basilica of the illustrious convent of Saint Denis in France . The houses of prayer of León, Burgos, Toledo, Gerona, Barcelona and Seville, in Spain . The houses of prayer of Cologne and Strasbourg in Germany . The houses of prayer of Gloucester, Salisbury and Lincoln, in England . The houses of prayer of Chartres and Reims, in France. Holy person Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna.

Characteristics of gothic art The house of prayer of Santa Maria de las Flores, in Florence and that of Milan, in Italy . Gothic design The utilization of the sharp curve permitted a superior conveyance of the heaviness of the rooftops. The engineering was a definitive articulation of Gothic workmanship, it depended on the idea of light as the establishment and image of divine nature . Gothic craftsmanship was brought into the world from the theocentric thought in which God was the focal point of the real world and thought about that all that made up the universe was an impression of God's light. The components of the period with Gothic style were emblematic of otherworldliness. In design, the advancement of new modern strategies was added to fuel the theocentric idea, for example, The ribbed vaults: They comprised of a kind of rooftop comprised of a procedure for interlocking vaults that, thus, were crossed by pointed curves or curves. This framework was of help to convey the heaviness of the construction towards the points of support. Flying braces: They comprised of a half curve based outwardly of the structure and upheld by the side walls. They were a help guide for the inside vaults. The sharp curve: It comprised of the sharp completion of the windows and entryways that complemented the sensation of level. This building adornment was utilized in mathematical differentiation and more than once towards the inside, or at least, towards the constraints of the entryway or windows. The stained glass: They comprised of broad stained glass walls situated in the upper portion of the structure and contained by an arrangement of sections. The stained glass windows had striking tones and strict pictures that mirrored the daylight internal, reproducing a profound and expressionist experience that built up the idea of theocentrism. Gothic figure The figure Gothic was portrayed by normal portrayals as seen in reality, without applying representative implications likewise with the design and activity of splendor. Among the primary qualities of Gothic figure are: The authenticity in the figures and body poses that were not quite as upstanding or serious as those of Romanesque craftsmanship. The statement of sensations of torment, delicacy, compassion, among others, through authenticity in the outflow of motions. The extraordinary degree of detail in human portrayals, both of the body and of the frill. The utilization as an adornment of Gothic engineering in segments and mullions (sections that are situated in entryways or windows). The utilization of methods to reproduce the profundity of articles and the degree of detail. The appearance of craftsmanship in the altarpieces (works that are situated behind a special raised area), the miniatures, the burial places and the pictures of virgins and holy people. Gothic artistic creation In Gothic artwork, the treatment of viewpoint develops, yet keeping up with the pivot of evenness. The artwork Gothic was perceived as such from the fourteenth hundred years. It hung out in strict attempts to address Christ, holy people, heavenly messengers and virgins, figures that were utilized to enrich the monumental compositional developments. Gothic composition is considered as a portrayal of the stories of the Bible and the Gospels. Among the principal attributes of Gothic work of art are: The strategies of fresco paintings, board painting, gum based paint and oil. The portrayal of light and the rounds of backdrop illuminations that produced the vibe of volume and authenticity. Upgrades in context strategies. References: "Gothic workmanship" on Britannica. "Gothic workmanship attributes" on Wikipedia. "Gothic workmanship" on Art History. Look at our advisers for other famous themes Have a deep understanding of sports, history and the sorts exist. Additionally, its overall qualities, models and advantages. Learn everything about canines and its principal qualities. Furthermore, their eating routine, propagation and sorts of breeds. We make sense of what story is and its overall qualities. Likewise, how is its construction and the components that this story presents. We make sense of what an exposition and its overall qualities are. Likewise, how to do a test, and the most continuous missteps to stay away from. We make sense of and sum up the historical backdrop of TV and how it developed. Likewise, what are its attributes and its brilliant age. We make sense of what the Sigmund Freud's Theories and its overall qualities are. Here are the 15 most normal kinds of realistic coordinators, their attributes and what sort of happy they typically contain. The representation is a scholarly figure that uncovered a relationship of likeness between two terms so their ideas can be traded. Know the fundamental instances of analogy. Learn everything about the historical backdrop of Mexico and the headliners of this country. What's more, its data and qualities. Have some familiarity with the historical backdrop of the Computer, its forerunners, the main PCs and programming dialects. We make sense of what blood is, the way things are made and the blood bunches that exist. Likewise, what are its attributes and sicknesses. Know exhaustively what statute is, the sorts that exist and the targets it seeks after. Likewise, its qualities and models. We make sense of who William Shakespeare was, the account and works of this eminent creator. Furthermore, his attributes and how he kicked the bucket. We make sense of what the plutocracy is and the way in which it connects with the government. Likewise, what are its overall attributes and models... Have a deep understanding of the 1985 Mexico City quake, its primary drivers, results and general qualities. Realize what divulgence articles are and what their attributes are. Additionally, how to think of them and a few models .

[wgm-beautiful-world]

Cathedral of Saint Mary, Toledo, SPAIN

[wwwrecktagle]

wrecktangle list of city names

Petersburg Salem Salinas Salt Lake City Cedar Monte El Paul Saint Vegas Layton Leominster Lewisville Lexington Lincoln Little Bay GreenBay Greensboro Greenville Gulfport-Biloxi Hagerstown Hampton Harlingen Harrisburg Hartford Havre Rouge Beaumont Bel City Bonita Gorda Racine Raleigh Rancho Lyon Spartanburg Spokane Springdale Springfield St. County Riverside Roanoke Rochester Rockford Roseville Round Aberdeen Abilene Akron Albany Albuquerque Alexandria Allentown Amarillo Anaheim Anchorage Ann Cruces Las Antonio San County Dayton Daytona Heights Stockton Sunnyvale Syracuse Tacoma Tallahassee Tampa Temecula Tempe Thornton Thousand Valley Murfreesboro Murrieta Muskegon Myrtle Louis St. Station Colorado Pines Pensacola Peoria Philadelphia Phoenix Pittsburgh Plano Pomona Pompano Paul St. Louis Saint Bedford New Collins Fort Falls South Prairie Grand City Newark Newburgh Newport County Clarksville Clearwater Cleveland College Orange Port News Norfolk Normal Norman North Haven Worcester Yakima Yonkers York Youngstown Point Hollywood Honolulu Houma Houston Howell Huntington Huntington Buenaventura San Beach Lorain Los Ana Santa de Petersburg Stamford Sterling Christi Costa Lucie Port Vegas North Port Norwalk Norwich Oakland Ocala Oceanside Odessa Ogden Oklahoma Beach Deltona Denton Denver Des Saint Las Orleans New City Joliet Kailua Kalamazoo Kaneohe Kansas Beach Fort Beach Visalia Waco Warren Washington Waterbury Waterloo West Cruz Santa Air Bellevue Berkeley Bethlehem Billings Birmingham Bloomington Boise Boise Arthur Port York Bernardino San Moines Detroit Downey Duluth Durham El Walton City Kennewick Kenosha Killeen Kissimmee Knoxville Lacey Lafayette Lake Lauderdale Fort Rosa Sarasota Savannah Scottsdale Scranton Seaside Seattle Sebastian Shreveport Simi Covina West Grace Hayward Hemet Henderson Hesperia Hialeah Hickory High Rapids Champaign Chandler Charleston Charlotte Chattanooga Chesapeake Chicago Chula Park Oxnard Palm Wayne Fort Oaks Toledo Topeka Torrance Trenton Tucson Tulsa Tuscaloosa Tyler Utica Vallejo Vancouver Vero Beach Naperville Naples Nashua Nashville New Diego San Barbara Santa Beach Huntsville Independence Indianapolis Inglewood Irvine Irving Jackson Jacksonville Jefferson Jersey Angeles Louisville Lowell Lubbock Macon Madison Manchester Marina Marysville McAllen McHenry Medford Melbourne Memphis Merced Mesa Mesquite Miami Milwaukee Minneapolis Miramar Mission Valley Appleton Arlington Arvada Asheville Athens Atlanta Atlantic City Westminster Wichita Wilmington Winston Winter Beach Sacramento Saginaw Saint Beach Victorville Virginia Lucie Portland Portsmouth Poughkeepsie Providence Provo Pueblo Punta Cucamonga Reading Redding Reno Richland Richmond Richmond Rapids Grayslake Green St. City Pasadena Paterson Pembroke City Olathe Olympia Omaha Ontario Orange Orem Orlando Overland Jose Santa Arbor Antioch Apple Springs Palmdale Panama Mesa Dallas Daly Charles Lakeland Lakewood Lancaster Lansing Laredo Las Smith Fort Worth Frederick Fremont Fresno Fullerton Gainesville Garden Clara Santa Paso Elizabeth Elk Vista Cincinnati Clarke Bay Palm Springs Corona Corpus Beach Port Francisco San Springs Columbia Columbus Concord Coral Clarita Santa Valley Sioux Grove Garland Gastonia Gilbert Glendale Grand Viejo Mobile Modesto Monroe Monterey Montgomery Moreno City Augusta Aurora Austin Bakersfield Baltimore Barnstable Baton City Danbury Davenport Davidson Maria Santa City Johnson City San Bend South City Sioux Coral Carrollton Cary Cathedral Rock Long York New Grove Elkhart Erie Escondido Eugene Evansville Fairfield Fargo Fayetteville Fitchburg Flint Fontana Fort Valley Charleston North London New Haven New Springs Boston Boulder Bradenton Bremerton Bridgeport Brighton Brownsville Bryan Buffalo Burbank Burlington Cambridge Canton Cape

[traveladv86]

10 Simple Techniques For Spain Vacations

Although you have to shell out an entry charge, it is worth it to take part the insaneness. The evening prior to the festival, every person requires to the roads for an evening of fun, just waiting for the tomato fight to start the following morning. Flamenco in Seville|Diego Delso/Wikimedia Commons Many individuals think that flamenco is a dancing-- it's not! It's in fact a total art type that features vocal singing, guitar, handclapping, as well as yes-- dance.

The Pyrenees|Tony Hisgett/Flickr In these impressive hills, you'll discover magnificent landscapes, rustic towns, and also unique society. Considering that the villages below were so remote for so several centuries, there's a ton of unique things to do, see, and also consume. Among the ideal methods to see the Pyrenees gets on a bike.

The Pyrenees additionally supply wonderful treking trails where you can check out fascinating medieval communities , and also old castles in the process. A section of Camino de Santiago|Miguel Angel Garcia/Flickr The regional journey planner include one of the most stunning parts to your custom travel plan. Pro pointer: Take a trip of the cathedral as well as gallery to see the superb sacred art and style committed to St.

Girona|Joan PS/Pixabay Girona's gastronomic online reputation is nothing short of first-rate. This second-best restaurant in the world . This fame has drawn crowds from throughout Europe seeking to explore what various other magnificent dining establishments Girona might provide. Paella in Valencia|Estudio Web Doce/Pixabay If you're trying to find the ideal paella in Spain, then travel to its genealogical home: the coastal community of Valencia.

Where can you purchase the finest paella in Valencia? That's a concern to ask the Spanish neighborhood planning your trip . Pro idea: Wish to discover how to prepare genuine Venetian paella? Have your trip organizer put a paella food preparation class on your Valencia schedule! Toledo|Pedro/Flickr Toledo is an one-of-a-kind city where varied cultures have actually traditionally lived in harmony-- but it's steel that's actually made Todelo famous.

Because the arrival of weapons however, Toledo's fabled steelsmiths have actually switched to making a replica as well as ceremonial tools. Make sure to go through at the very least a number of craftsmen steel workshops-- particularly that of Mariano Zamorano , thought to be just one of the most effective steelsmiths in the globe. Pro suggestion: Do not attempt to bring a sword in your travel luggage (airline companies avoid toting tools of any type of kind).

Sigüenza|Angel de los Rios/Flickr If you want to really feel like a genuine Spaniard, head to the main city of Sigüenzato buy a bota: a natural leather a glass of wine container that's excellent for lugging around some fantastic red wine trips found around Spain.-- With this list of 20 places to visit in Spain, you're established for an unbelievable trip! For a genuinely immersive experience, Send us a message !.

Spain is among one of the most preferred tourist locations worldwide as well as every year hundreds of visitors frequent this location. The nation shows off world-class museums, mouth-watering meals as well as a busy nightlife. Listed here are some places which you should not lose out when in the country. 1. Ride the worldwide zip line: Spain uses the travelers the opportunity to access cross-border zip line.

Share this ... Many people will consider Spain as a vacation location as well as lots of individuals will restrict their brows through to just a couple of cities. The fact is, this bonanza of a nation situated in the Iberian Peninsula has cities and landscapes to please every kind of visitor. From crystal clear waters and also gold sands to the stunning art galleries real estate the finest art, a journey to Spain will certainly never really feel rather enough time.

History fans, as well as those with a love for attractive masterpieces, will certainly love Granada. This Moorish gem located in the south is entitled to a minimum of a few days to discover. The Alhambra is among Spain's most visited destinations. This charming palace is deserving of fairy tales and also is an instance of some of the most lovely Islamic art as well as style in the globe.

In addition, you will wish to visit Sacromonte, which is a location of white caverns called the home of the city's gypsy area. It is where flamenco music and dance prospered and also is a fantastic location to get lost in. An additional district is The Albayzín, which contains winding cobbled streets of stunning high quality.

The snow-capped heights that surround the city feel a little unexpected, nevertheless, Granada has much more extreme climate than adjoining cities. You can anticipate dry heat in the summertime and also freezing spells in the winter. Granada is also understood for its tasty tapas, which are still worked as they were suggested to-- free.

Alhambra, Granada, Spain|Image by janmichael from Pixabay If you're wishing for some gorgeous white coastlines after that Alicante will not let down. This seaside city is an incredibly prominent vacation destination as well as draws site visitors from worldwide. With a day or two below, you can check out the Benacantil mountain, which is residence to the Santa Barbara Castle.

Nights can after that be spent walking along the city's attractive marble promenade. Shielded by beautiful and also exotic palms, it is an exceptional area to delight in local food and also beverage whilst enjoying the nightlife unravel. ADVERTISEMENT PROCEED READING BELOW Barcelona will certainly more than likely continue to be one of Spain's most prominent locations. This Catalan capital is forever colourful and also exciting.

Not to be missed is the style developed by Antoni Gaudí, such as La Sagrada Familia, Park Güell and Casa Battló. You might likewise spend a morning taking in the views of the Santa Maria del Mar which is a Gothic temple with attractive discolored glass panels. Finally travel to Mount Tibidabo for stunning views of the sparkling sea, along with the city as a whole.

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[parasholidays]

Top Most Amazing Itineraries - 10 Days in Europe

Best of Europe (9 Nights / 10 Days)

Paris city tour list is also topped by the Eiffel Tower, where take lift to the second floor to have captivating view of Paris city. A city journey of Paris is always admired for the outstanding buildings and monuments. Experience the world of fantasy, shows and rides in the exciting Disneyland parks. Takethe train to enjoy the panoramic train journey to top of Europe! jungfraujoch At an unbelievable 3454 metres, Europe's highest altitude railway station will amaze you. Later head to the most celebrated chapel bridge, lion monument and the shopping areas of lucerne. Travel to Mount Titlis- an extraordinary snow and glacier paradise and the highest mountain excursion in Central Switzerland. The journey over the imposing Titlis glacier is mesmerising. Then in italy relax at beach of Venice. A romantic 'promenade' by gondola along the canals of Venice witnessing the amazing mediaeval palaces depicting historic thoroughfares.

Tale of Spain (10 Nights / 11 Days)

Get a chance to watch some of the highlights of Barcelona's art and architecture during best Europe tour packages. Relax at the beautiful beaches of the IBIZA. Feel loved by the architectural and cultural magnificence of Valencia. City of Arts and Sciences is the biggest educational and leisure space present in Europe mix of science and learning in an entertaining way for people of all ages. Museo de lasCiencias Principe Felipe - A new concept of museum where one can be part and try with present-day and future science and technology. The Hemisferic is a special building that hosts three varied types of audiovisual shows. See the sights of Seville along the Guadalquivir river. Toledo is definitely a city of elegant artistic beauty. Take a walking tour of the city centre and visit city's most celebrated monuments like Victorio macho museum, St Tome Church, Santa Maria la Blanca Synanogue and San Juan de Los Reyes Church.

Spain & Portugal (10 Nights / 11 Days)

Enjoy Barcelona's art and architecture in best Europe tours from India. For many, Ibiza defines never ending partying in Mediterranean macro-clubs. There is, however, the other side to the island. You can have fun at the serene beaches, local food, fancy clubbing etc. The awe inspiring tour of Madrid is a perfect introduction to many of the city's sightseeing highlights. Porto is known as the country's second-largest city, represented as a pop-up town. A vibrant tumbledown dream with medieval relics, soaring bell towers, beautiful baroque churches and stately beaux-arts buildings are truly treat to eyes. Be at the gorgeous and mysterious lady, one of the most heritage cities of Europe with many of historic and cultural memories. A unique and memorable tour through the Barrio da Se, the heart of ancient Porto of medieval roots. The tour is incomplete without visiting the popular Port wine cellars, in the historical heart of Vila Nova de Gaia. You must take a tour through the area north of Lisbon, going to the World celebrated Fatima, Nazare, Obidos and Alcobaca.

Magnifico Austria (9 Nights / 10 Days)

This best Europe travel packages will make you to discover the fascinating and sparkling world of Swarovski. Be in the world famous Swarovski Crystal World, located in Wattens. The water spouting Giant will mesmerise you with his sparkling eyes! Inside the Giant, a whole crystal world is just a dream destination. Witness the story of the Von Trapp family which was filmed as the 'Sound of Music' in the Salzburg spot. The tour is blend with sightseeing in this historical city itself and in the placid lakes and mountains area called as the Salzkammergut, which is also a renowned musical and cultural centre. Then be a part of the tour with a boat-trip on the mighty Danube, to see the best sights of Hundertwasser. Then proceed to pass through modern Vienna with its charming UN building and the Danube Tower en route for the northern part and have a magnificent panoramic view over Vienna.

Scandinavia with Helsinki (10 Nights / 11 Days)

Watch the best of Copenhagen from land and sea! On this tour you will get a chance to see Tivoli, Amalienborg Palace, the Danish Parliament, Christiansborg, the Round Tower, the Opera House, Our Saviours Church and the Little Mermaid. Explore the charm of gorgeous city and take walk around Sognsvann Lake, or can experience skiing and many more other things.

Take a leisurely fjord cruise around the awesome Oslofjord and sightseeing tour with Polar Ship Fram, the Kon- Tiki Raft, the Norwegian Folk Museum, the Vikingships, the Holmenkollen Ski jump as well as the Vigeland Sculpture Park. The major Highlights are Stockholm city.

This city sightseeing tour includes the historical centre and the diplomatic quarters like Senate Square, City hall, Lutheran Cathedral, Uspenski Cathedral, the Presidential Palace, the Parliament building, Finlandia Hall and many more.

Source- https://www.parasholidays.in/blog/top-amazing-itineraries-10-days-in-europe/

[arthisour-blog]

Pedro Berruguete (1450 – 1504) was a Spanish painter; his art is regarded as a transitional style in Spain between gothic and Renaissance. Berruguete most famously created paintings of the first few years of the Inquisition and of religious imagery for Castilian retablos. He is considered by some as the first Renaissance painter in Spain. He was the father of an important sculptor, Alonso Berruguete, considered the most important sculptor in Renaissance Spain. Because of the fame accrued by Alonso, Pedro Berruguete is sometimes referred to as Berruguete el Viejo (or Berruguete the Older) to differentiate between the two.

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It is speculated that he travelled to Italy in 1480 and worked in Federico III da Montefeltro’s court in Urbino, where he could have seen some works by Melozzo da Forlì. The Portrait of Federico da Montefeltro with His Son Guidobaldo (c. 1475), now at the Galleria nazionale delle Marche, has been attributed to him but the Flemish painter Justus van Gent working in Urbino at that time is another strong candidate for the authorship of this work.

He returned to Spain in 1482 and painted in several cities, such as Toledo and Ávila. His exact date of death is unknown and often approximated around the years 1503-04, but it is also speculated that he might have died in Madrid, though no real documentation has been found for this claim.

Pedro Berruguete was a Spanish painter; his art is regarded as a transitional style between gothic and Renaissance. Berruguete painted famous paintings of the Inquisition. Born in Paredes de Nava, Kingdom of Castille, he went to Italy in 1480 and worked in Federico III da Montefeltro’s court in Urbino, where he could see some works by Melozzo da Forlì. The Portrait of Federico da Montefeltro with His Son Guidobaldo, now at the Galleria nazionale delle Marche, has been attributed to him but the Flemish painter Justus van Gent working in Urbino at that time is another strong candidate for the authorship of this work.

He returned to Spain in 1482 and painted in several cities, such as Toledo and Ávila. He was the father of an important sculptor, Alonso Berruguete, considered the most important sculptor in Renaissance Spain.

Born in Paredes de Nava, Kingdom of Castille, circa 1450, his exact year of birth is unknown. His family was from Paredes de Nava and he received his namesake from his grandfather. Though the last 15 years of his life seem to be better documented, a lack of documentation of his early life and works leaves much about his biography and education up to speculation. The lack of a signature and documents make it difficult to assuredly attribute paintings to the artist, but many paintings have been attributed to him based on his unique style and a few have been identified through documentation. This makes it hard to precisely date many paintings as well as to create a correct chronology. However, the last 15 years of his life seem to be better documented.

He married Elvira González in Paredes de Nava at a later age and had 6 children with her, including Alonso Berruguete, the famous sculptor.

Because of a large amount of his paintings residing in Ávila, it is thought that Berruguete might have established a studio there in the 1490s.

In 2003, to commemorate the fifth centenary of the painter’s death, he was the subject of an exhibition in his hometown, Paredes de Nava, which brought together the best of his paintings and clarified some aspects of his life and work. The exhibition also served to stylistically compare his works from Paredes de Nava with works attributed to him from Urbino.

There seems to be a lack of documentation of Berruguete living in Spain during the years of 1471 to 1483. In 1604, a Sevillian artist named Pablo Céspedes wrote about a Spanish painter who had painted a series of famous men for the studiolo of the Duke of Urbino. A ‘Petrus spagnuolus’ or ‘Pietro spagnolo’, which would translate to Pedro the Spaniard, is documented as painting in the court of Federico Montefeltro in 1477 where he would have collaborated and interacted with a man known as the Justus of Ghent. Scholars lean towards the idea that the style of a ‘Petrus spagnuolus’ working for Federico Montefeltro during this period directly correlates to the style of Pedro Berruguete in his later paintings and have attributed some of these paintings to him as well as the Justus of Ghent.

Additionally, it is believed that he returned to Spain after his stay in Italy and brought the influence of Italian Renaissance painting back to his country and it impacted his work in Castile. There is no direct documentation of Berruguete making a trip to Italy or residing there. A major difference in the work of Petrus spagnuolus is that the paintings in Italy were executed in oil while Pedro Berruguete’s are completed in tempera grassa.

Ptolemy with an armillary sphere model, by Joos van Ghent and Pedro Berruguete, 1476, Louvre, Paris Works from his first stage (between 1470 and 1471) include Verification of the cross of Christ in the Church of San Juan de Paredes de Nava and the Adoration of the Magi in the Alvarez Fisa collection. Because his earlier works are lacking documentation, the dates are estimated by his later shift in style. This short introductory phase of his is due to his young age during this time and possibly his suspected trip to Italy.

The panels for the Verification of the Cross of Christ depict 2 scenes from the story of the True Cross and 4 images of the Evangelists. The Adoration of the Magi is considered to be one of his oldest works.

These early paintings have figures that are much more simplified than the realistic and detailed figures of his later stages. His signature use of brocade designs, gilding and the use of architectural spaces within painting are present, but the recession of space and use of perspective looks awkward and his figures look less realistic than the figures in his third stage after he refines his style.

In his second stage it is speculated that he travelled in Italy. There is little documentation of the work of Berruguete at this time, and there are controversies as to authorship. The remarkable Portrait of Federico da Montefeltro and his son Guidobaldo (Gallery of the Marches, Ducal Palace in Urbino), and the series of Famous Men of which it forms part (Louvre Museum, Paris and Galleria Nazionale, Urbino) are sometimes attributed to him although they are also attributed to the Flemish painter Justus van Gent. It may also have been a collaboration between the two artists with Berruguete working on the series while working in van Ghent’s workshop in Urbino. This stay in Italy would have been interrupted by a return trip to Paredes de Nava in 1478 for marriage, after which he returned to Italy. If he indeed travel to Italy, this would explain the influence of Flemish and Italian Renaissance style inclusive in his third stage of Castilian art.

His masterpieces are the paintings of the kings of Judah, noting especially King David, which are situated on the high altar of the church of Santa Eulalia de Paredes de Nava (Palencia) illustrating scenes from the Life of the Virgin and portraits of several biblical kings. Despite archaic elements (frontal composition, gold background), they are a gallery of portraits of intense realism. He created several versions of the birth of the Virgin and scenes from her life for several retables, but the one at Santa Eulalia remains the most famous. This altarpiece is one of the few that can be certainly attributed to Berruguete el Viejo through documentation.

Many of his best works can be seen in different localities of the province of Palencia: The Adoration of the Magi, The Annunciation of St. Mary in the parish of Santa Maria Museum of Becerril de fields; The Suitors of the Virgin and The Crucifixion in the Diocesan Museum of Palencia; The Lamentation over the body of Christ in the Cathedral of Palencia.

In the Church of the Assumption, Santa Maria del Campo (Burgos) are preserved two important works from this period: Beheading of the Baptist and the Baptism of Christ, which formed part of an altarpiece of the life of the Baptist, datable between 1483 and 1485, being among the first works of this third stage. Innovations in composition and perspective learned in Italy are evident in these two works.

Another piece that Berruguete is famous for creating during this stage is Saint Dominic Presiding over an Auto-da-fé, commissioned, most likely, by the General Inquisitor Tomás de Torquemada for the Dominican convent of Santo Tomás in Ávila. Made when the Inquisition was still new to Spain, this painting depicted an Auto-da-fé ceremony, or an act of faith ceremony, where heretics were tortured and put to death. The figure of Saint Dominic, who lived in the 13th-century is dressed contemporarily for 15th-century Spain and the scene is depicted in the same manner.

The Annunciation of the Cartuja de Miraflores is notable for the detail in objects and interesting set of perspectives, which creates a perfect illusion of space. This piece incorporates a northern influence with contemporary Spanish style in an interior scene and was supposedly commissioned by Queen Isabel. In all these works the figures are highly individualized, and mastery of space, perspective and composition is enriched with an accurate sense of design and a wise use of color.

Berruguete’s last assignment was the high altar of the Ávila Cathedral, which he was unable to finish due to his death. He painted for this work of late Gothic architecture several paintings of episodes from the life of Christ for the altarpiece, and figures of patriarchs for the predella. These paintings, perhaps reflecting the prevailing style in Castile at the time, use gold backgrounds and somewhat rigid compositions. The figures are of a more robust and monumental form than in previous works, perhaps in order to stand out in the distance of the main chapel. After the master’s death the altarpiece was completed by Juan de Borgoña.

Pedro Berruguete was originally published on HiSoUR Art Collection