#Rhinoceros unicornis

[inatungulates]

Greater one-horned rhinoceros Rhinoceros unicornis

Observed by chisisi, CC BY-NC

[amnhnyc]

Meet the greater one-horned rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis). This mighty mammal can weigh as much as 6,000 lbs (2,721 kg)! It’s distinguished by its single horn, which can reach lengths of 25 in (63 cm). Despite its size, this herbivore can move quickly, charging at speeds of up to 25 mph (40 km/h). This semi-aquatic animal prefers to live near water and tends to inhabit swamps, riversides, and forests in parts of Asia, including Nepal and India.

Photo: rejoicegassah, CC BY 4.0, iNaturalist

[mammalianmammals]

Indian Rhinoceroses (Rhinoceros unicornis), mother and calf, family Rhinocerotidae, India

photograph by @arijitmahata

[pigspeetsandhooflikefeets]

we HAVE unicorns, they're all different levels of engagement

which unicorn is your favorite?

How quickly I forget the humble unicorn...

Gotta go with the greater one-horn rhino/Indian rhino (it's even called Rhinoceros unicornis) I like their ear shape, and I like when a mammal is semi-aquatic.

silly guy

[mutant-distraction]

Navonil Dutta

Sc. Name : Rhinoceros unicornis

Kaziranga National Park, Assam, India

[o-craven-canto]

All animal species (and a couple algae) that have kept the same scientific name since Linnaeus

The first work of taxonomy that is considered as having any scientific authority for animal species was the 10th edition of Linnaeus' Systema Naturae, published in 1758. (Also a book on spiders called Aranei Suecici, published one year before.) That's the foundational text of the binominal system of nomenclature of species still in use today. Since then most of Linnaeus' original species (4379 species, of which 185 mammals, 554 birds, 217 "amphibians" (including reptiles and cartilaginous fish), 379 fishes, 2104 "insects" (including various arthropods, of which 664 are beetles and 543 are moths & butterflies crammed into only 3 genera), and 940 "worms" (including basically all other invertebrates, and even some protists and algae)) have been dismembered, renamed, or at least moved to different genera (e.g. the house sparrow went from Fringilla domestica to Passer domesticus).

Here is a list of all of Linnaeus' original species from 1758 that still retain their original name. I believe they are 484 in total.

"Mammalia"

(Primates)

Homo sapiens (human)

Lemur catta (ring-tailed lemur)

Vespertilio murinus (rearmouse bat)

(Bruta)

Elephas maximus (Asian elephant)

Trichechus manatus (West Indian manatee)

Bradypus tridactylus (three-toed sloth)

Myrmecophaga tridactyla (giant anteater)

Manis pentadactylus (Chinese pangolin)

(Ferae)

Phoca vitulina (harbor seal)

Canis familiaris (dog)

Canis lupus (grey wolf)

Felis catus (house cat)

Viverra zibetha (Indian civet)

Mustela erminea (stoat)

Mustela furo (ferret)

Mustela lutreola (European mink)

Mustela putorius (wild ferret)

Ursus arctos (brown bear)

(Bestiae)

Sus scrofa (wild boar/pig)

Dasypus septemcinctus (seven-banded armadillo)

Dasypus novemcinctus (nine-banded armadillo)

Erinaceus europaeus (European hedgehog)

Talpa europaea (European mole)

Sorex araneus (common shrew)

Didelphis marsupialis (common opossum)

(Glires)

Rhinoceros unicornis (Indian rhinoceros)

Hystrix brachyura (Malayan porcupine)

Hystrix cristata (crested porcupine)

Lepus timidus (common hare)

Castor fiber (European beaver)

Mus musculus (house mouse)

Sciurus vulgaris (red squirrel)

(Pecora)

Camelus dromedarius (dromedary camel)

Camelus bactrianus (Asian camel)

Moschus moschiferus (musk deer)

Cervus elaphus (red deer)

Capra hircus (goat)

Capra ibex (Alpine ibex)

Ovis aries (sheep)

Bos taurus (cow)

Bos indicus (zebu)

(Belluae)

Equus caballus (horse)

Equus asinus (donkey)

Equus zebra (mountain zebra)

Hippopotamus amphibius (hippopotamus)

(Cete)

Monodon monoceros (narwhal)

Balaena mysticetus (bowhead whale)

Physeter macrocephalus (sperm whale)

Delphinus delphis (common dolphin)

"Aves"

(Accipitres)

Vultur gryphus (Andean condor)

Falco tinnunculus (common kenstrel)

Falco sparverius (sparrowhawk)

Falco columbarius (pigeonhawk)

Falco subbuteo (Eurasian hobby)

Falco rusticolus (gyrfalcon)

Strix aluco (tawny owl)

Lanius excubitor (great grey shrike)

Lanius collurio (red-backed shrike)

Lanius schach (long-tailed shrike)

(Picae)

Psittacus erithacus (grey parrot)

Ramphastos tucanus (white-throated toucan)

Buceros bicornis (great hornbill)

Buceros rhinoceros (rhinoceros hornbill)

Crotophaga ani (smooth-billed ani)

Corvus corax (raven)

Corvus corone (carrion crow)

Corvus frugilegus (rook)

Corvus cornix (hooded crow)

Coracias oriolus (golden oriole)

Coracias garrulus (European roller)

Gracula religiosa (hill myna)

Paradisaea apoda (greater bird-of-paradise)

Cuculus canorus (common cuckoo)

Jynx torquilla (wryneck)

Picus viridis (green woodpecker)

Sitta europaea (Eurasian nuthatch)

Merops apiaster (European bee-eater)

Merops viridis (blue-throated bee-eater)

Upupa epops (Eurasian hoopoe)

Certhia familiaris (Eurasian treecreeper)

Trochilus polytmus (red-billed streamertail hummingbird)

(Anseres)

Anas platyrhynchos (mallard duck)

Anas crecca (teal duck)

Mergus merganser (common merganser)

Mergus serrator (red-breasted merganser)

Alca torda (razorbill auk)

Procellaria aequinoctialis (white-chinned petrel)

Diomedea exulans (wandering albatross)

Pelecanus onocrotalus (great white pelican)

Phaeton aethereus (red-billed tropicbird)

Larus canus (common gull)

Larus marinus (great black-backed gull)

Larus fuscus (lesser black-backed gull)

Sterna hirundo (common tern)

Rhynchops niger (black skimmer)

(Grallae)

Phoenicopterus ruber (American flamingo)

Platalea leucorodia (Eurasian spoonbill)

Platalea ajaia (roseate spoonbill)

Mycteria americana (wood stork)

Ardea cinerea (grey heron)

Ardea herodias (blue heron)

Ardea alba (great egret)

Scolopax rusticola (Eurasian woodcock)

Charadrius hiaticula (ringed plover)

Charadrius alexandrinus (Kentish plover)

Charadrius vociferus (killdeer plover)

Charadrius morinellus (Eurasian dotterel)

Recurvirostra avosetta (pied avocet)

Haematopus ostralegus (Eurasian oystercatcher)

Fulica atra (Eurasian coot)

Rallus aquaticus (water rail)

Psophia crepitans (grey-winged trumpeter)

Otis tarda (great bustard)

Struthio camelus (ostrich)

(Gallinae)

Pavo cristatus (Indian peafowl)

Meleagris gallopavo (wild turkey)

Crax rubra (great curassow)

Phasianus colchicus (common pheasant)

Tetrao urogallus (western capercaillie)

(Passeres)

Columba oenas (stock dove)

Columba palumbus (wood pigeon)

Alauda arvensis (Eurasian skylark)

Sturnus vulgaris (European starling)

Turdus viscivorus (mistle thrush)

Turdus pilaris (fieldfare thrush)

Turdus iliacus (redwing thrush)

Turdus plumbeus (red-legged thrush)

Turdus torquatus (ring ouzel)

Turdus merula (blackbird)

Loxia curvirostra (crossbill)

Emberiza hortulana (ortolan bunting)

Emberiza citrinella (yellowhammer)

Emberiza calandra (corn bunting)

Fringilla coelebs (common chaffinch)

Motacilla alba (white wagtail)

Motacilla lava (yellow wagtail)

Parus major (great tit)

Hirundo rustica (barn swallow)

Caprimulgus europaeus (European nightjar)

"Amphibia"

(Reptiles)

Testudo graeca (Greek tortoise)

Draco volans (flying dragon)

Lacerta agilis (sand lizard)

Rana temporaria (common frog)

(Serpentes)

Crotalus horridus (timber rattlesnake)

Crotalus durissus (tropical rattlesnake)

Boa constrictor (common boa)

Coluber constrictor (eastern racer)

Anguis fragilis (slowworm)

Amphisbaena alba (red worm lizard)

Caecilia tentaculata (white-bellied caecilian)

(Nantes)

Petromyzon marinus (sea lamprey)

Raja clavata (thornback ray)

Raja miraletus (brown ray)

Squalus acanthias (spiny dogfish)

Chimaera monstrosa (rabbitfish)

Lophius piscatorius (anglerfish)

Acipenser sturio (sea sturgeon)

Acipenser ruthenus (sterlet sturgeon)

"Pisces"

(Apodes)

Muraena helena (Mediterranean moray)

Gymnotus carapo (banded knifefish)

Trichiurus lepturus (cutlassfish)

Anarhichas lupus (Atlantic wolffish)

Ammodytes tobianus (lesser sandeel)

Xiphias gladius (swordfish)

Stromateus fiatola (blue butterfish)

(Jugulares)

Callionymus lyra (common dragonet)

Uranoscopus scaber (stargazer)

Trachinus draco (greater weever)

Gadus morhua (Atlantic cod)

Blennius ocellaris (butterfly blenny)

Ophidion barbatum (snake cusk-eel)

(Thoracici)

Cyclopterus lumpus (lumpsucker)

Echeneis naucrates (sharksucker)

Coryphaena equiselis (pompano)

Coryphaena hippurus (dorado)

Gobius niger (black goby)

Govius paganellus (rock goby)

Cottus gobio (European bullhead)

Scorpaena porcus (black scorpionfish)

Scorpaena scrofa (red scorpionfish)

Zeus faber (John Dory)

Pleuronectes platessa (European plaice)

Chaetodon striatus (banded butterflyfish)

Chaetodon capistratus (foureye butterflyfish)

Sparus aurata (gilt-head bream)

Labrus merula (brown wrasse)

Labrus mixtus (cuckoo wrasse)

Labrus viridis (green wrasse)

Sciaena umbra (brown meagre)

Perca fluviatilis (European perch)

Gasterosteus aculeatus (three-spined stickleback)

Scomber scombrus (Atlanti mackerel)

Mullus barbatus (red mullet)

Mullus surmuletus (surmullet)

Trigla lyra (piper gurnard)

(Abdominales)

Cobitis taenia (spined loach)

Silurus asotus (Amur catfish)

Silurus glanis (Wels catfish)

Loricaria cataphracta (suckermouth catfish)

Salmo carpio (Garda trout)

Salmo trutta (brown trout)

Salmo salar (Atlantic salmon)

Fistularia tabacaria (bluespotted cornetfish)

Esox lucius (northern pike)

Argentina sphyraena (European argentine)

Atherina hepsetus (Mediterranean sand smelt)

Mugil cephalus (flathead mullet)

Exocoetus volitans (tropical flying fish)

Polynemus paradiseus (Paradise threadfin)

Clupea harengus (Atlantic herring)

Cyprinus carpio (common carp)

(Branchiostegi)

Mormyrus caschive (bottlenose elephantfish)

Balistes vetula (queen triggerfish)

Ostracion cornutus (longhorn cowfish)

Ostracion cubicus (yellow boxfish)

Tetraodon lineatus (Fahaka pufferfish)

Diodon hystrix (spot-fin porcupinefish)

Diodon holocanthus (long-spine porcupinefish)

Centriscus scutatus (grooved shrimpfish)

Syngnathus acus (common pipefish)

Syngnathus pelagicus (pelagic pipefish)

Syngnathus typhle (broad-nosed pipefish)

Pegasus volitans (longtail seamoth)

"Insecta"

(Coleoptera)

Scarabaeus sacer (sacred scarab)

Dermestes lardarius (larder beetle)

Dermestes murinus (larder beetle)

Hister unicolor (clown beetle)

Hister quadrimaculatus (clown beetle)

Silpha obscura (carrion beetle)

Cassida viridis (tortoise beetle)

Cassida nebulosa (tortoise beetle)

Cassida nobilis (tortoise beetle)

Coccinella trifasciata (ladybug)

Coccinella hieroglyphica (ladybug) [Coccinella 5-punctata, 7-punctata, 11-punctata, and 24-punctata survive as quinquepunctata, septempunctata, undecimpunctata, and vigintiquatorpunctata]

Chrysomela populi (leaf beetle)

Chrysomela lapponica (leaf beetle)

Chrysomela collaris (leaf beetle)

Chrysomela erythrocephala (leaf beetle)

Curculio nucum (nut weevil)

Attelabus surinamensis (leaf-rolling weevil)

Cerambyx cerdo (capricorn beetle)

Leptura quadrifasciata (longhorn beetle)

Cantharis fusca (soldier beetle)

Cantharis livida (soldier beetle)

Cantharis oscura (soldier beetle)

Cantharis rufa (soldier beetle)

Cantharis lateralis (soldier beetle)

Elater ferrugineus (rusty click beetle)

Cicindela campestris (green tiger beetle)

Cicindela sylvatica (wood tiger beetle)

Buprestis rustica (jewel beetle) [Buprestis 8-guttata survives as octoguttata]

Dytiscus latissimus (diving beetle)

Carabus coriaceus (ground beetle)

Carabus granulatus (ground beetle)

Carabus nitens (ground beetle)

Carabus hortensis (ground beetle)

Carabus violaceus (ground beetle)

Tenebrio molitor (mealworm)

Meloe algiricus (blister beetle)

Meloe proscarabaeus (blister beetle)

Meloe spec (blister beetle)

Mordela aculeata (tumbling glower beetle)

Necydalis major (longhorn beetle)

Staphylinus erythropterus (rove beetle)

Forficula auricularia (common earwig)

Blatta orientalis (Oriental cockroach)

Gryllus campestris (field cricket)

(Hemiptera)

Cicada orni (cicada)

Notonecta glauca (backswimmer)

Nepa cinerea (water scorpion)

Cimex lectularius (bedbug)

Aphis rumici (black aphid)

Aphis craccae (vetch aphid)

Coccus hesperidum (brown scale insect)

Thrips physapus (thrips)

Thrips minutissimum (thrips)

Thrips juniperinus (thrips)

(Lepidoptera)

Papilio paris (Paris peacock butterfly)

Papilio helenus (red Helen butterfly)

Papilio troilus (spicebush swallowtail butterfly)

Papilio deiphobus (Deiphobus swallowtail butterfly)

Papilio polytes (common Mormon butterfly)

Papilio glaucus (eastern tiger swallowtail butterfly)

Papilio memnon (great Mormon butterfly)

Papilio ulysses (Ulysses butterfly)

Papilio machaon (Old World swallowtail butterfly)

Papilio demoleus (lime swallowtail butterfly)

Papilio nireus (blue-banded swallowtail butterfly)

Papilio clytia (common mime butterfly)

Sphinx ligustri (privet hawk-moth)

Sphinx pinastri (pine hawk-moth) [genus Phalaena was suppressed, but seven subgenera created by Linnaeus are now valid as genera]

(Neuroptera)

Libellula depressa (chaser dragonfly)

Libellula quadrimaculata (four-spotted skimmer dragonfly)

Ephemera vulgata (mayfly)

Phryganea grandis (caddisfly)

Hemerobius humulinus (lacewing)

Panorpa communis (scorpionfly)

Panorpa germanica (scorpionfly)

Raphidia ophiopsis (snakefly)

(Hymenoptera)

Cynips quercusfolii (oak gall wasp)

Tenthredo atra (sawfly)

Tenthredo campestris (sawfly)

Tenthredo livida (sawfly)

Tenthredo mesomela (sawfly)

Tenthredo scrophulariae (sawfly)

Ichneumon extensorius (parasitoid wasp)

Ichneumon sarcitorius (parasitoid wasp)

Sphex ichneumoneus (digger wasp)

Vespa crabro (European hornet)

Apis mellifera (honey bee)

Formica fusca (silky ant)

Mutilla europaea (large velvet ant)

(Diptera)

Oestrus ovis (sheep botfly)

Tipula oleracea (marsh cranefly)

Tipula hortorum (cranefly)

Tipula lunata (cranefly)

Musca domestica (housefly)

Tabanus bovinus (pale horsefly)

Tabanus calens (horsefly)

Tabanus bromius (brown horsefly)

Tabanus occidentalis (horsefly)

Tabanus antarcticus (horsefly)

Culex pipiens (house mosquito)

Empis borealis (dance fly)

Empis pennipes (dance fly)

Empis livida (dance fly)

Conops flavipes (thick-headed fly)

Asilus barbarus (robberfly)

Asilus crabroniformis (hornet robberfly)

Bombylius major (bee fly)

Bombylius medius (bee fly)

Bombylius minor (bee fly)

Hippobosca equina (forest fly)

(Aptera)

Lepisma saccharina (silverfish)

Podura aquatica (water springtail)

Termes fatale (termite)

Pediculus humanus (human louse)

Pulex irritans (human flea)

Acarus siro (flour mite)

Phalangium opilio (harvestman)

Araneus angulatus (orb-weaving spider)

Araneus diadematus (European garden spider)

Araneus marmoreus (marbled orbweaver)

Araneus quadratus (four-spotted orbweaver -- last four are by Clerck 1757, some of the very few surviving pre-Linnean names!)

Scorpio maurus (large-clawed scorpion)

Cancer pagurus (brown crab)

Oniscus asellus (common woodlouse)

Scolopendra gigantea (giant centipede)

Scolopendra morsitans (red-headed centipede)

Julus fuscus (millipede)

Julus terrestris (millipede)

"Vermes"

(Intestina)

Gordius aquaticus (horsehair worm)

Lumbricus terrestris (common earthworm)

Ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm)

Fasciola hepatica (liver fluke)

Hirudo medicinalis (medicinal leech)

Myxine glutinosa (Atlantic hagfish)

Teredo navalis (shipworm)

[shout out to Furia infernalis, a terrifying carnivorous jumping worm that Linnaeus described, but which doesn't seem to actually exist]

(Mollusca)

Limax maximus (leopard slug)

Doris verrucosa (warty nudibranch)

Nereis caerulea (ragworm)

Nereis pelagica (ragworm)

Aphrodita aculeata (sea mouse)

Lernaea cyprinacea (anchor worm)

Scyllaea pelagica (Sargassum nudibranch)

Sepia officinalis (common cuttlefish)

Asterias rubens (common starfish)

Echinus esculentus (edible sea urchin)

(Testacea)

Chiton tuberculatus (West Indian green chiton)

Lepas anatifera (goose barnacle)

Pholas dactylus (common piddock)

Mya arenaria (softshell clam)

Mya truncata (truncate softshell)

Solen vagina (razor clam)

Tellina laevigata (smooth tellin)

Tellina linguafelis (cat-tongue tellin)

Tellina radiata (sunrise tellin)

Tellina scobinata (tellin)

Cardium costatum (ribbed cockle)

Donax cuneatus (wedge clam)

Donas denticulatus (wedge clam)

Donax trunculus (wedge clam)

Venus casina (Venus clam)

Venus verrucosa (warty venus)

Spondylus gaederopus (thorny oyster)

Spondylus regius (thorny oyster)

Chama lazarus (jewel box shell)

Chama gryphoides (jewel box shell)

Arca noae (Noah's ark shell)

Ostrea edulis (edible oyster)

Anomia aurita (saddle oyster)

Anomia ephippium (saddle oyster)

Anomia hysterita (saddle oyster)

Anomia lacunosa (saddle oyster)

Anomia spec (saddle oyster)

Anomia striatula (saddle oyster)

Mytilus edulis (blue mussel)

Pinna muricata (pen shell)

Pinna nobilis (fan mussel)

Pinna rudis (rough pen shell)

Argonauta argo (argonaut)

Nautilus pompilius (chambered nautilus)

Conus ammiralis (admiral cone snail)

Conus aulicus (princely cone snail)

Conus aurisiacus (cone snail)

Conus betulinus (betuline cone snail)

Conus bullatus (bubble cone snail)

Conus capitaneus (captain cone snail)

Conus cedonulli (cone snail)

Conus ebraeus (black-and-white cone snail)

Conus figulinus (fig cone snail)

Conus genuanus (garter cone snail)

Conus geographus (geographer cone snail)

Conus glaucus (glaucous cone snail)

Conus granulatus (cone snail)

Conus imperialis (imperial cone snail)

Conus litteratus (lettered cone snail)

Conus magus (magical cone snail)

Conus marmoreus (marbled cone snail)

Conus mercator (trader cone snail)

Conus miles (soldier cone snail)

Conus monachus (monastic cone snail)

Conus nobilis (noble cone snail)

Conus nussatella (cone snail)

Conus princeps (prince cone snail)

Conus spectrum (spectrecone snail)

Conus stercusmuscarum (fly-specked cone snail)

Conus striatus (striated cone snail)

Conus textile (cloth-of-gold cone snail)

Conus tulipa (tulip cone snail)

Conus varius (freckled cone snail)

Conus virgo (cone snail)

Cypraea tigris (tiger cowry shell)

Bulla ampulla (Pacific bubble shell)

Voluta ebraea (Hebrew volute)

Voluta musica (music volute)

Buccinum undatum (common whelk)

Strombus pugilis (fighting conch)

Murex tribulus (caltrop murex)

Trochus maculatus (maculated top shell)

Turbo acutangulus (turban shell)

Turbo argyrostomus (silver-mouth turban shell)

Turbo chrystostomus (gold-mouth turban shell)

Turbo marmoratus (green turban shell)

Turbo petholatus (turban shell)

Turbo sarmaticus (giant turban shell)

Helix lucorum (Mediterranean snail)

Helix pomatia (Roman snail)

Nerita albicilla (blotched nerite)

Nerita chamaeleon (nerite)

Nerita exuvia (snakeskin nerite)

Nerita grossa (nerite)

Nerita histrio (nerite)

Nerita peloronta (bleeding tooth)

Nerita plicata (nerite)

Nerita polita (nerite)

Nerita undata (nerite)

Haliotis asinina (ass-ear abalone)

Haliotis marmorata (marbled abalone)

Haliotis midae (South African abalone)

Haliotis parva (canaliculate abalone)

Haliotis tuberculata (green ormer)

Haliotis varia (common abalone)

Patella caerulea (Mediterranean limpet)

Patella pellucida (blue-rayed limpet)

Patella vulgata (European limpet)

Dentalium elephantinum (elephant tusk)

Dentalium entale (tusk shell)

[genus Serpula is still in use with none of its original species]

(Lithophyta)

Tubipora musica (organ pipe coral)

Millepora alcicornis (sea ginger fire coral)

Madrepora oculata (zigzag stone coral)

(Zoophyta)

Isis hippuris (sea bamboo)

Isis ochracea (sea bamboo)

Gorgonia flabellum (Venus fan)

Gorgonia ventalina (purple sea fan)

Alcyonium bursa (soft coral)

Alcyonium digitatum (dead man's fingers)

Tubularia indivisa (oaten ipes hydroid)

Corallina officinalis (coralline red alga)

Sertularia argentea (sea fern)

Sertularia cupressoides (hydroid)

Pennatula phosphorea (sea pen)

Taenia solium (pork tapeworm)

Volvox globator (colonial alga)

[genus Hydra is still in use with none of its original species]

[nanowrimo]

30 Covers, 30 Days 2022: Day 2

Welcome to day two of 30 Covers, 30 Days! Let’s go back to the 1700′s and meet Clara the rhinoceros in the Historical novel of R. Unicornis by Jillian Forsberg! This great cover was designed by returning designer, Joe Schwartz.

R. Unicornis

Based on true events. A Dutch sea captain decides to abandon his life with the VOC and takes his most precious cargo yet back to Europe: an Indian rhinoceros. His wondrous adventures traipse through Europe in the mid 18th century, and Clara the rhino inspires art, royalty, and science leaving a legacy of the rhinoceros unicornis unlike any other animal.

About the Author

Jillian Forsberg holds a masters in Public History from Wichita State University. Her passions include vintage dresses, empty museums, hand-written letters, gardening, and obscure histories waiting to be told. She lives in Wichita with her husband, daughter, and hairless cats. This is her first novel.

About the Designer

Joe Schwartz is honored to have been invited back to design a cover for NaNoWriMo -  his fifth one! Joe is happiest when he's flexing his "design muscles" but when he's not creating, he is a design teacher at Spotswood High School and an adjunct professor of design history at Kean University's Michael Graves College, both in New Jersey.  He is also the co-founder of DESIGN-ED, an education nonprofit that helps teachers and students use design as a tool for teaching and learning. A small portfolio of Joe's work (including past NaNoWriMo covers) can be found here.

[markhors-menagerie]

Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis)

As the name suggests, this huge rhino is found in India and the surrounding countries. It lives in grasslands where there are rivers and marshes to cool off in, and eats grass and water plants. It used to span the entire northern region of the Indian subcontinent, but is today only found in a relatively small area. Most Indian rhinos today live in the Terai-Duar savanna, a tropical grassland habitat at the base of the Himalayas which contains some of the tallest grasses in the world- tall enough to hide something as large as a rhino- and is an important refuge for several endangered species.

[covenawhite66]

One-horned rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis)

Studies were located at Chitwan National Park and Shuklaphanta National Park both in Nepal.

They observed insects and plants growing in the dung of the Rhinoceros. So, every species dependent on plant and insect species benefited.

[jim-fetter-illustrations]

Unicorns and the Bible are both Myths.

I saw a slice of Rainbow Unicorn Cake in the grocery store the other day.......

Now this slice of cake had nothing to do with any Unicorn that I could reference in my past studies! Ya see, in college I took a couple classes in Greek natural history writings from the 4th century BCE, because as most people might think Greek mythology would cover the Unicorn, but Unicorns aren't found in Greek mythology, and ya hafta study Greek natural history to learn of the Unicorn, which might suggest they were a REAL animal,...... and they were, but not what most people would think a unicorn would be............ They were just a natural animal that man manipulated into being a mythical and magical beast so a profit could be obtained through stupid people who believed the fairy tale.

Ya see,... The Greek historian Ctesias wrote about unicorns in his book Indika ("On India") way back in the 4th century BCE, likely based on stories he heard while stationed in Persia (modern-day Iran). Ctesias description of the unicorn is considered one of the earliest written references to the so-called mythical animal: And this guy Ctesias heard tales of the Unicorn as a type of wild ass, which is a Donkey, and donkeys are usually small animals like 36 to 50 inches tall on average, defiantly not a Horse as most think Unicorns to be.

The Horn on this donkey was said to be a cubit and a half in length, and we know A CUBIT from ancient times was about 20.4 inches long, so the Unicorn's horn was about 30 something inches long, which is substantial for such a small donkey animal, and prominent that most people would notice.

The color of this horn was said to be grayish-white, dark red and black,.... and here's where we get back to that slice of Rainbow Unicorn Cake, which is the WRONG colors of the original Unicorn Horn.

See what I'm talking about here?

Rainbow Unicorn Cakes are a fraud, they taste good, but are based upon fabricated information for marketing purposes. (Lol)

Now history and ancient writings tell us the unicorn was likely based on descriptions of multiple animals such as wild asses and Indian rhinos (Rhinoceros unicornis) that were mistranslations people believed as fact, then further transformed into confusing composite animals, to eventually getting that majestic white creature called the Unicorn with the multicolored horn we'd like to believe in today.

Kind of like the whole Bible story goes, that most people today believe is true, but isn't, and it's just another mistranslation from one generation to another with a little something extra to keep the fairy tale going by people who knew damn well what they were doing,... and for profiteering.

Not a major subject of study these controversial days of a clusterfucked political arena indeed.

But a much more enjoyable subject of study by someone who's fed up with the status quo, and the stupid people who support it.....

[inatungulates]

Greater one-horned rhinoceros Rhinoceros unicornis

Observed by wilbur_goh, CC BY-NC

I don't know what caused the cut across this rhino's head or the scars on its neck folds, but I suspect they may be injuries inflicted by another rhino. The Asian rhinoceros species fight not with their horns but with the razor-sharp tusks in their lower jaws. Initially, I doubted a long cut like the one on this rhino could be produced by the tusks but apparently they can inflict extensive lacerations: Yadav (2000) reports one male inflicting several severe wounds on another, including one "one-and-a-half feet long and approximately two inch[es] deep" on the loser's flank.

Ref:

Yadav, VK. 2000. Male-male aggression in Rhinoceros unicornis - an observation [from] North Bengal, India. Zoos' Print Journal 15(9):328-330.

[nando161mando]

Indian #Rhinoceros are in trouble in #India their range in #Assam is earmarked for #palmoil #deforestation. Fight for them in the supermarket and #Boycottpalmoil #Boycott4Wildlife via @palmoildetect

[busaddablog]

Wild Wonders: Exploring the Breathtaking Wildlife Sanctuaries of India

1. Kaziranga National Park – A Haven for Rhinos:

Nestled in the northeastern state of Assam, Kaziranga National Park stands as a symbol of conservation success. Home to the Indian one-horned rhinoceros, Kaziranga’s sprawling grasslands and water bodies also host a vibrant array of wildlife, including elephants, tigers, and various bird species. Explore the wonders of this UNESCO World Heritage Site, where every moment is an encounter with the untamed.

Established in 1905, Kaziranga has emerged as a symbol of successful wildlife conservation, particularly for the Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis). It boasts the highest population density of this species in the world, with over two-thirds of the global population residing within its boundaries. This iconic park is not only a sanctuary for rhinos but also serves as a sanctuary for numerous other species, including tigers, elephants, wild water buffalo, and a myriad of bird species.

The park’s landscape is a mosaic of grasslands, wetlands, and dense forests, crisscrossed by the mighty Brahmaputra River and its tributaries. This diverse ecosystem provides a perfect habitat for a plethora of wildlife. Kaziranga is renowned for its rich avifauna, with over 500 species of birds, including migratory ones like the bar-headed goose and the greater adjutant stork, making it a birdwatcher’s paradise.

One of the most enchanting aspects of Kaziranga is its exhilarating safaris, offering visitors the opportunity to witness wildlife up close in their natural habitat. Jeep safaris and elephant rides are popular ways to explore the park, allowing visitors to traverse through its grasslands and dense forests, catching glimpses of rhinos, tigers, herds of elephants, and a myriad of other fascinating creatures.

However, Kaziranga’s success story is not without its challenges. The park faces persistent threats from poaching, habitat loss due to human encroachment, and natural calamities like floods. Despite these challenges, the dedicated efforts of park authorities, conservationists, and local communities have ensured the continued survival and thriving of its precious inhabitants.

In recent years, Kaziranga has also emerged as a pioneer in innovative conservation practices. Community-based initiatives, eco-tourism ventures, and collaborations with international organizations have played a pivotal role in safeguarding the park’s biodiversity while promoting sustainable development in the region.

2. Ranthambhore National Park – Where Tigers Roam Free:

In the heart of Rajasthan lies Ranthambhore National Park, a realm where the majestic Bengal tiger reigns supreme. The park’s historic backdrop, with the ancient Ranthambhore Fort looming over the landscape, adds an extra layer of charm to the wildlife experience. Venture into the wild on a safari, and you might just witness the regal tigers in their natural habitat.

Ranthambore’s history is as rich and vibrant as its landscapes. Once a hunting ground for Maharajas of Jaipur, it was declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1955 and later gained the status of a national park in 1980. The park’s topography is a blend of dry deciduous forests, meadows, lakes, and rugged hills, creating a perfect habitat for a myriad of species, including the critically endangered Bengal tiger.

The park’s crown jewel is undoubtedly the Bengal tiger, and Ranthambore boasts a healthy population of these magnificent predators. Visitors to the park are often treated to the awe-inspiring sight of a tiger gracefully navigating its territory or lounging beneath the shade of ancient trees. The park’s well-maintained network of trails and watchtowers offers ample opportunities for wildlife enthusiasts and photographers to observe these majestic creatures in their natural habitat.

Beyond the iconic tigers, Ranthambore is home to a diverse array of wildlife. Leopards, sloth bears, wild boars, and spotted deer roam freely amidst the dense foliage, while crocodiles bask in the sun along the park’s tranquil lakes. The avian population is equally impressive, with over 300 species of birds, including the endangered Indian eagle-owl and the vibrant painted stork, making Ranthambore their home.

Apart from its remarkable wildlife, Ranthambore is steeped in history and culture. The park’s boundaries encompass the majestic Ranthambore Fort, a UNESCO World Heritage Site dating back to the 10th century. This ancient fortress stands as a silent sentinel amidst the wilderness, offering visitors a glimpse into Rajasthan’s royal past and commanding panoramic views of the surrounding landscapes.

Conservation lies at the heart of Ranthambore’s ethos, with dedicated efforts aimed at preserving its delicate ecosystem and ensuring the continued survival of its iconic inhabitants. Sustainable tourism practices, community involvement, and scientific research form the cornerstone of conservation initiatives within the park, ensuring that future generations can continue to marvel at its natural wonders.

3. Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary – A Tropical Paradise:

Hidden in the Western Ghats of Kerala, the Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary is a tropical haven for wildlife enthusiasts. The shimmering Periyar Lake adds a scenic touch to the lush surroundings, creating a picturesque setting for observing elephants, sambar deer, and a myriad of bird species. Take a boat safari to explore the sanctuary from a unique perspective.

The sanctuary takes its name from the Periyar River, which meanders through its verdant forests, adding to the picturesque charm of the surroundings. Established in 1950, it was declared a tiger reserve in 1978, aiming to protect the majestic Bengal tiger and its natural habitat. However, the sanctuary is not just about tigers; it is home to a diverse array of flora and fauna that thrive in its varied ecosystems.

One of the highlights of Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary is its dense evergreen and moist deciduous forests, which provide shelter to a remarkable variety of wildlife. Visitors can embark on guided safaris or boat cruises along the Periyar Lake, offering opportunities to spot elephants, sambar deer, wild boar, langurs, and an impressive array of bird species, including the vibrant Malabar pied hornbill and the elusive Nilgiri wood pigeon.

For those seeking a more immersive experience, trekking trails wind through the sanctuary, leading adventurers deep into the heart of the forest. The trails offer a chance to witness the serene beauty of the surroundings up close, with encounters with wildlife adding an element of excitement to the journey.

Beyond its ecological significance, Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary also holds cultural importance. The indigenous tribal communities, such as the Mannans, Uralis, and Malampandarams, have inhabited these forests for centuries, coexisting harmoniously with nature. Visitors can learn about their traditional way of life and cultural practices through guided tours and interactions, gaining insight into the symbiotic relationship between humans and the environment.

Moreover, the sanctuary is a hub for ecotourism initiatives aimed at promoting sustainable practices and conservation efforts. Visitors can participate in activities such as nature walks, bamboo rafting, and spice plantation tours, gaining a deeper understanding of the region’s biodiversity and the importance of preserving it for future generations.

4. Jim Corbett National Park – India’s Oldest Tiger Reserve:

Established in 1936, Jim Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand holds the distinction of being India’s oldest tiger reserve. The park’s diverse landscapes, ranging from grasslands to dense forests, provide a habitat for tigers, leopards, and a rich variety of birdlife. Immerse yourself in the thrill of the jungle on an adventurous safari.

Jim Corbett National Park is not only famed for its tiger population but also for its rich diversity of flora and fauna. It encompasses a variety of habitats, including dense forests, grasslands, rivers, and marshy depressions, providing a suitable environment for a myriad of species. Apart from tigers, the park is home to leopards, elephants, sloth bears, deer species like sambar and chital, along with over 600 species of birds, making it a paradise for birdwatchers.

One of the best ways to explore the wilderness of Jim Corbett National Park is through safari tours. The park offers various safari options, including jeep safaris, elephant safaris, and canter safaris, allowing visitors to venture deep into the heart of the forest under the guidance of experienced naturalists. These safaris offer a chance to witness wildlife in their natural habitat, from elusive tigers prowling through the undergrowth to vibrant bird species flitting among the trees.

5. Bandipur National Park – Where Wilderness Meets Serenity:

Karnataka’s Bandipur National Park is a harmonious blend of wilderness and tranquility. As you traverse the park’s winding roads, encounter herds of wild elephants, spotted deer, and even the elusive Indian leopard. The park’s commitment to conservation and eco-tourism ensures an immersive and responsible wildlife experience.

A Sanctuary for Wildlife: Bandipur National Park, along with the neighboring reserves of Mudumalai, Wayanad, and Nagarhole, forms the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, one of India’s most significant protected areas for wildlife. The park’s dense forests and diverse ecosystems provide a safe haven for numerous species, including the majestic Bengal tiger, Indian elephant, sloth bear, Indian bison (gaur), and elusive leopards. Its avian population is equally rich, with over 200 species of birds gracing the skies, including the vibrant Malabar trogon and the iconic Indian roller.

A Tapestry of Flora: Encompassing an area of approximately 874 square kilometers, Bandipur is adorned with a rich tapestry of flora, ranging from moist deciduous forests to tropical mixed forests. The landscape transitions gracefully from open grassy meadows to dense thickets, creating a kaleidoscope of habitats for its inhabitants. Towering teak, sandalwood, rosewood, and giant bamboos dominate the canopy, while the forest floor is carpeted with a myriad of shrubs, climbers, and wildflowers, adding to the park’s ethereal charm.

A Paradise for Eco-Tourism: Bandipur National Park beckons nature enthusiasts and wildlife aficionados from around the globe to immerse themselves in its pristine beauty and unparalleled biodiversity. Guided safaris through the park offer visitors a chance to witness the splendor of its wildlife in their natural habitat. Whether it’s a thrilling jeep safari at dawn, a tranquil elephant safari meandering through the wilderness, or a leisurely nature walk along designated trails, every moment spent in Bandipur is an enchanting encounter with nature’s wonders.

Preserving a Legacy: Established in 1974 as a tiger reserve under Project Tiger, Bandipur has been at the forefront of wildlife conservation efforts in India. Its success story is a testament to the dedication of park authorities, conservationists, and local communities in safeguarding its precious biodiversity. Through proactive measures such as habitat restoration, anti-poaching initiatives, and community-based conservation programs, Bandipur continues to thrive as a sanctuary for endangered species and a beacon of hope for future generations.

Conclusion:

India’s wildlife sanctuaries are not just protected areas; they are living, breathing ecosystems that showcase the country’s commitment to preserving its natural heritage. From the northern reaches of the Himalayas to the southern tip of the Western Ghats, each sanctuary tells a unique tale of biodiversity and conservation. So, gear up for an adventure, and let the wild wonders of India’s wildlife sanctuaries captivate your senses, leaving you with memories of encounters with the untamed beauty of the subcontinent. 

[busaddaservice]

Wild Wonders: Exploring the Breathtaking Wildlife Sanctuaries of India

Embark on a journey through the heart of India’s untamed landscapes as we delve into the wild wonders of the country’s breathtaking wildlife sanctuaries. From the snow-capped peaks of the Himalayas to the lush greenery of the Western Ghats, India boasts an incredible diversity of flora and fauna protected within these sanctuaries. Join us in this exploration of nature’s marvels and discover the unparalleled beauty and significance of India’s wildlife sanctuaries.

1. Kaziranga National Park – A Haven for Rhinos:

Nestled in the northeastern state of Assam, Kaziranga National Park stands as a symbol of conservation success. Home to the Indian one-horned rhinoceros, Kaziranga’s sprawling grasslands and water bodies also host a vibrant array of wildlife, including elephants, tigers, and various bird species. Explore the wonders of this UNESCO World Heritage Site, where every moment is an encounter with the untamed.

Established in 1905, Kaziranga has emerged as a symbol of successful wildlife conservation, particularly for the Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis). It boasts the highest population density of this species in the world, with over two-thirds of the global population residing within its boundaries. This iconic park is not only a sanctuary for rhinos but also serves as a sanctuary for numerous other species, including tigers, elephants, wild water buffalo, and a myriad of bird species.

The park’s landscape is a mosaic of grasslands, wetlands, and dense forests, crisscrossed by the mighty Brahmaputra River and its tributaries. This diverse ecosystem provides a perfect habitat for a plethora of wildlife. Kaziranga is renowned for its rich avifauna, with over 500 species of birds, including migratory ones like the bar-headed goose and the greater adjutant stork, making it a birdwatcher’s paradise.

One of the most enchanting aspects of Kaziranga is its exhilarating safaris, offering visitors the opportunity to witness wildlife up close in their natural habitat. Jeep safaris and elephant rides are popular ways to explore the park, allowing visitors to traverse through its grasslands and dense forests, catching glimpses of rhinos, tigers, herds of elephants, and a myriad of other fascinating creatures.

However, Kaziranga’s success story is not without its challenges. The park faces persistent threats from poaching, habitat loss due to human encroachment, and natural calamities like floods. Despite these challenges, the dedicated efforts of park authorities, conservationists, and local communities have ensured the continued survival and thriving of its precious inhabitants.

In recent years, Kaziranga has also emerged as a pioneer in innovative conservation practices. Community-based initiatives, eco-tourism ventures, and collaborations with international organizations have played a pivotal role in safeguarding the park’s biodiversity while promoting sustainable development in the region.

As a testament to its significance, Kaziranga National Park continues to draw visitors from across the globe, enchanting them with its unparalleled natural beauty and awe-inspiring wildlife encounters. Beyond its role as a sanctuary for rhinos, Kaziranga stands as a shining example of what dedicated conservation efforts can achieve, inspiring hope for the preservation of our planet’s natural heritage for generations to come.

2. Ranthambhore National Park – Where Tigers Roam Free:

In the heart of Rajasthan lies Ranthambhore National Park, a realm where the majestic Bengal tiger reigns supreme. The park’s historic backdrop, with the ancient Ranthambhore Fort looming over the landscape, adds an extra layer of charm to the wildlife experience. Venture into the wild on a safari, and you might just witness the regal tigers in their natural habitat.

Ranthambore’s history is as rich and vibrant as its landscapes. Once a hunting ground for Maharajas of Jaipur, it was declared a wildlife sanctuary in 1955 and later gained the status of a national park in 1980. The park’s topography is a blend of dry deciduous forests, meadows, lakes, and rugged hills, creating a perfect habitat for a myriad of species, including the critically endangered Bengal tiger.

The park’s crown jewel is undoubtedly the Bengal tiger, and Ranthambore boasts a healthy population of these magnificent predators. Visitors to the park are often treated to the awe-inspiring sight of a tiger gracefully navigating its territory or lounging beneath the shade of ancient trees. The park’s well-maintained network of trails and watchtowers offers ample opportunities for wildlife enthusiasts and photographers to observe these majestic creatures in their natural habitat.

Beyond the iconic tigers, Ranthambore is home to a diverse array of wildlife. Leopards, sloth bears, wild boars, and spotted deer roam freely amidst the dense foliage, while crocodiles bask in the sun along the park’s tranquil lakes. The avian population is equally impressive, with over 300 species of birds, including the endangered Indian eagle-owl and the vibrant painted stork, making Ranthambore their home.

Apart from its remarkable wildlife, Ranthambore is steeped in history and culture. The park’s boundaries encompass the majestic Ranthambore Fort, a UNESCO World Heritage Site dating back to the 10th century. This ancient fortress stands as a silent sentinel amidst the wilderness, offering visitors a glimpse into Rajasthan’s royal past and commanding panoramic views of the surrounding landscapes.

Conservation lies at the heart of Ranthambore’s ethos, with dedicated efforts aimed at preserving its delicate ecosystem and ensuring the continued survival of its iconic inhabitants. Sustainable tourism practices, community involvement, and scientific research form the cornerstone of conservation initiatives within the park, ensuring that future generations can continue to marvel at its natural wonders.

3. Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary – A Tropical Paradise:

Hidden in the Western Ghats of Kerala, the Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary is a tropical haven for wildlife enthusiasts. The shimmering Periyar Lake adds a scenic touch to the lush surroundings, creating a picturesque setting for observing elephants, sambar deer, and a myriad of bird species. Take a boat safari to explore the sanctuary from a unique perspective.

The sanctuary takes its name from the Periyar River, which meanders through its verdant forests, adding to the picturesque charm of the surroundings. Established in 1950, it was declared a tiger reserve in 1978, aiming to protect the majestic Bengal tiger and its natural habitat. However, the sanctuary is not just about tigers; it is home to a diverse array of flora and fauna that thrive in its varied ecosystems.

One of the highlights of Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary is its dense evergreen and moist deciduous forests, which provide shelter to a remarkable variety of wildlife. Visitors can embark on guided safaris or boat cruises along the Periyar Lake, offering opportunities to spot elephants, sambar deer, wild boar, langurs, and an impressive array of bird species, including the vibrant Malabar pied hornbill and the elusive Nilgiri wood pigeon.

For those seeking a more immersive experience, trekking trails wind through the sanctuary, leading adventurers deep into the heart of the forest. The trails offer a chance to witness the serene beauty of the surroundings up close, with encounters with wildlife adding an element of excitement to the journey.

Beyond its ecological significance, Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary also holds cultural importance. The indigenous tribal communities, such as the Mannans, Uralis, and Malampandarams, have inhabited these forests for centuries, coexisting harmoniously with nature. Visitors can learn about their traditional way of life and cultural practices through guided tours and interactions, gaining insight into the symbiotic relationship between humans and the environment.

Moreover, the sanctuary is a hub for ecotourism initiatives aimed at promoting sustainable practices and conservation efforts. Visitors can participate in activities such as nature walks, bamboo rafting, and spice plantation tours, gaining a deeper understanding of the region’s biodiversity and the importance of preserving it for future generations.

4. Jim Corbett National Park – India’s Oldest Tiger Reserve:

Established in 1936, Jim Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand holds the distinction of being India’s oldest tiger reserve. The park’s diverse landscapes, ranging from grasslands to dense forests, provide a habitat for tigers, leopards, and a rich variety of birdlife. Immerse yourself in the thrill of the jungle on an adventurous safari.

Jim Corbett National Park is not only famed for its tiger population but also for its rich diversity of flora and fauna. It encompasses a variety of habitats, including dense forests, grasslands, rivers, and marshy depressions, providing a suitable environment for a myriad of species. Apart from tigers, the park is home to leopards, elephants, sloth bears, deer species like sambar and chital, along with over 600 species of birds, making it a paradise for birdwatchers.

One of the best ways to explore the wilderness of Jim Corbett National Park is through safari tours. The park offers various safari options, including jeep safaris, elephant safaris, and canter safaris, allowing visitors to venture deep into the heart of the forest under the guidance of experienced naturalists. These safaris offer a chance to witness wildlife in their natural habitat, from elusive tigers prowling through the undergrowth to vibrant bird species flitting among the trees.

5. Bandipur National Park – Where Wilderness Meets Serenity:

Karnataka’s Bandipur National Park is a harmonious blend of wilderness and tranquility. As you traverse the park’s winding roads, encounter herds of wild elephants, spotted deer, and even the elusive Indian leopard. The park’s commitment to conservation and eco-tourism ensures an immersive and responsible wildlife experience.

A Sanctuary for Wildlife: Bandipur National Park, along with the neighboring reserves of Mudumalai, Wayanad, and Nagarhole, forms the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, one of India’s most significant protected areas for wildlife. The park’s dense forests and diverse ecosystems provide a safe haven for numerous species, including the majestic Bengal tiger, Indian elephant, sloth bear, Indian bison (gaur), and elusive leopards. Its avian population is equally rich, with over 200 species of birds gracing the skies, including the vibrant Malabar trogon and the iconic Indian roller.

A Tapestry of Flora: Encompassing an area of approximately 874 square kilometers, Bandipur is adorned with a rich tapestry of flora, ranging from moist deciduous forests to tropical mixed forests. The landscape transitions gracefully from open grassy meadows to dense thickets, creating a kaleidoscope of habitats for its inhabitants. Towering teak, sandalwood, rosewood, and giant bamboos dominate the canopy, while the forest floor is carpeted with a myriad of shrubs, climbers, and wildflowers, adding to the park’s ethereal charm.

A Paradise for Eco-Tourism: Bandipur National Park beckons nature enthusiasts and wildlife aficionados from around the globe to immerse themselves in its pristine beauty and unparalleled biodiversity. Guided safaris through the park offer visitors a chance to witness the splendor of its wildlife in their natural habitat. Whether it’s a thrilling jeep safari at dawn, a tranquil elephant safari meandering through the wilderness, or a leisurely nature walk along designated trails, every moment spent in Bandipur is an enchanting encounter with nature’s wonders.

Preserving a Legacy: Established in 1974 as a tiger reserve under Project Tiger, Bandipur has been at the forefront of wildlife conservation efforts in India. Its success story is a testament to the dedication of park authorities, conservationists, and local communities in safeguarding its precious biodiversity. Through proactive measures such as habitat restoration, anti-poaching initiatives, and community-based conservation programs, Bandipur continues to thrive as a sanctuary for endangered species and a beacon of hope for future generations.

Conclusion:

India’s wildlife sanctuaries are not just protected areas; they are living, breathing ecosystems that showcase the country’s commitment to preserving its natural heritage. From the northern reaches of the Himalayas to the southern tip of the Western Ghats, each sanctuary tells a unique tale of biodiversity and conservation. So, gear up for an adventure, and let the wild wonders of India’s wildlife sanctuaries captivate your senses, leaving you with memories of encounters with the untamed beauty of the subcontinent. 

[demigodoreo]

Indian rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis) illustrated by Charles Dessalines D' Orbigny

[dartxo]

"Enchanted"

2019

Indian Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis)