#Review Colostrum

[icelynodette]

Bovine Colostrum Health Benefits ARMRA Journey

[neonatalresearch]

Colostrum and feeding preterm babies

Forgive me if you are already convinced, but I remain somewhat sceptical of the benefits of routinely painting the inside of the preterm infant’s mouth with colostrum. Even though I have supported the introduction of the practice on our NICU, it seems to me to be a bit flaky, to use the scientific term. Can this intervention really have the enormous benefits for the outcomes of our babies that…

[odettecarotte]

'As far as Nelson is concerned, the issue is one of expectation and conventionality. “For people who don’t necessarily read what [her friend the artist and poet] Wayne Koestenbaum calls ‘philosophically smeared literature about the body’ – which is what I generally perceive myself as having been involved with for the past 30-plus years – this may come as a shock or a revelation, or I may seem brave. But this wasn’t something new to me.”

As she’s keen to remind me, there’s a whole canon of this work out there, and they’re the writers and artists who’ve shaped her thinking. Like Love is bookended by interviews with two of the most important: the aforementioned Koestenbaum, and the poet Eileen Myles. But it’s also a subject on which Nelson touches in an essay about the work of the French writer Hervé Guibert, a pioneer of auto­fiction who wrote about the ravages of Aids. “People read him,” she says, “and they say, ‘Wow! You really wrote to shock the bourgeoisie!’ No – he’s telling you about a culture that’s his life. You think it’s this other thing because that’s the only way you can see it.”'

--Lucy Scholes interview with Maggie Nelson

I'm rereading The Argonauts in preparation for moving in with the love of my life.

Looking up reviews of the book, I'm disappointed to see people with septum rings say that Nelson is trying to shock the readers by starting her book with a scene of anal sex. This isn't a cheap attention grab; it's clearly Nelson's way of making sense of the world.

To me, her descriptions of sex, shit, blood and colostrum are matter of fact.

Love the phrase "philosophically smeared literature about the body." I'm very taken with Northrop Frye's notion of "anatomical fiction" and this is part of that lineage.

Pics of me wearing various extravagant outfits for the fun of it

One of my FAVORITE parts of Femme culture is playing dress up. I love that our gatherings are places where we can wear our most silly, risky, extravagant outfits, safe in the expectation that we'll be seen and appreciated but not harassed. I want the ability to wear a carefully constructed, aesthetically BOMB slutty outfit and have queers coo "your tits look amazing!" and perhaps also notice how my choice of perfume enhances the vibe. And I want to appreciate and ask questions about what they're wearing in turn.

Wearing clothing is a social exercise! This is my desired relation.

My clothing has a lot of meaning to me. Unfortunately strangers who are straight men erase the complexity into "see boobs, must dominate so other men will know I have power." Instead of appreciating, they immediately take ACTION, a stupid wolf whistle, the same action they'd do for any creature with curves.

I want my body to be a matter of fact, that other people can engage with, not a singular call to action.

There's something similar to me in Maggie's self-exposé. IMHO she's writing to and for a queer community so we can all better know our full selves. There is so much deep and complex social and philosophical meaning to what people do with our bodies. We should be opening these actions up, and asking more questions. It disappoints me when readers ignore the complexity and defensively assert that they're being manipulated into giving the author "attention."

[sosuigeneris]

what supplements do you recommend!

I take multivitamins, colostrum, biotin hair gummies, collagen and L - Glutathione. Once I finish my 120-day course, I’ll drop a review.

[nursingscience]

AZEEZ ISMAIL:

360 NURSING BULLETS: Maternity and Newborn Nursing Reviewer

1.BASIC MATERNITY CONCEPTS

The male sperm contributes an X or a Y chromosome; the female ovum contributes an X chromosome.

Fertilization produces a total of 46 chromosomes, including an XY combination (male) or an XX combination (female).

Organogenesis occurs during the first trimester of pregnancy, specifically, days 14 to 56 of gestation.

Implantation in the uterus occurs 6 to 10 days after ovum fertilization.

The chorion is the outermost extraembryonic membrane that gives rise to the placenta.

The corpus luteum secretes large quantities of progesterone.

From the 8th week of gestation through delivery, the developing cells are known as a fetus.

The union of a male and a female gamete produces a zygote, which divides into the fertilized ovum.

Spermatozoa (or their fragments) remain in the vagina for 72 hours after sexual intercourse.

If the ovum is fertilized by a spermatozoon carrying a Y chromosome, a male zygote is formed.

Implantation occurs when the cellular walls of the blastocyte implants itself in the endometrium, usually 7 to 9 days after fertilization.

Implantation occurs when the cellular walls of the blastocyte implants itself in the endometrium, usually 7 to 9 days after fertilization.

Heart development in the embryo begins at 2 to 4 weeks and is complete by the end of the embryonic stage.

2.MENSTRUATION

If a patient misses a menstrual period while taking an oral contraceptive exactly as prescribed, she should continue taking the contraceptive.

The first menstrual flow is called menarche and may be anovulatory (infertile).

3.BREASTFEEDING

When both breasts are used for breastfeeding, the infant usually doesn’t empty the second breast. Therefore, the second breast should be used first at the next feeding.

Stress, dehydration, and fatigue may reduce a breastfeeding mother’s milk supply.

To help a mother break the suction of her breastfeeding infant, the nurse should teach her to insert a finger at the corner of the infant’s mouth.

Cow’s milk shouldn’t be given to infants younger than age one (1) because it has a low linoleic acid content and its protein is difficult for infants to digest.

A woman who is breastfeeding should rub a mild emollient cream or a few drops of breast milk (or colostrum) on the nipples after each feeding. She should let the breasts air-dry to prevent them from cracking.

Breastfeeding mothers should increase their fluid intake to 2½ to 3 qt (2,500 to 3,000 ml) daily.

After feeding an infant with a cleft lip or palate, the nurse should rinse the infant’s mouth with sterile water.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been cultured in breast milk and can be transmitted by an HIV-positive mother who breast-feeds her infant.

Colostrum, the precursor of milk, is the first secretion from the breasts after delivery

A mother should allow her infant to breastfeed until the infant is satisfied. The time may vary from 5 to 20 minutes.

Most drugs that a breastfeeding mother takes appear in breast milk.

Prolactin stimulates and sustains milk production.

Breastfeeding of a premature neonate born at 32 weeks gestation can be accomplished if the mother expresses milk and feeds the neonate by gavage.

A mother who has a positive human immunodeficiency virus test result shouldn’t breastfeed her infant.

Hot compresses can help to relieve breast tenderness after breastfeeding.

Unlike formula, breast milk offers the benefit of maternal antibodies.

4.NEONATAL CARE

The initial weight loss for a healthy neonate is 5% to 10% of birth weight.

The normal hemoglobin value in neonates is 17 to 20 g/dl.

The circumference of a neonate’s head is normally 2 to 3 cm greater than the circumference of the chest.

After delivery, the first nursing action is to establish the neonate’s airway.

The specific gravity of a neonate’s urine is 1.003 to 1.030. A lower specific gravity suggests overhydration; a higher one suggests dehydration.

During the first hour after birth (the period of reactivity), the neonate is alert and awake.

The neonatal period extends from birth to day 28. It’s also called the first four (4) weeks or first month of life.

A low-birth-weight neonate weighs 2,500 g (5 lb 8 oz) or less at birth.

A very-low-birth-weight neonate weighs 1,500 g (3 lb 5 oz) or less at birth.

Administering high levels of oxygen to a premature neonate can cause blindness as a result of retrolental fibroplasia.

An Apgar score of 7 to 10 indicates no immediate distress, 4 to 6 indicates moderate distress, and 0 to 3 indicates severe distress.

To elicit Moro’s reflex, the nurse holds the neonate in both hands and suddenly, but gently, drops the neonate’s head backward. Normally, the neonate abducts and extends all extremities bilaterally and symmetrically, forms a C shape with the thumb and forefinger, and first adducts and then flexes the extremities.

An Apgar score of 7 to 10 indicates no immediate distress, 4 to 6 indicates moderate distress, and 0 to 3 indicates severe distress.

If jaundice is suspected in a neonate, the nurse should examine the infant under natural window light. If natural light is unavailable, the nurse should examine the infant under a white light.

Vitamin K is administered to neonates to prevent hemorrhagic disorders because a neonate’s intestine can’t synthesize vitamin K.

Variability is any change in the fetal heart rate (FHR) from its normal rate of 120 to 160 beats/minute. Acceleration is increased FHR; deceleration is decreased FHR.

Fetal alcohol syndrome presents in the first 24 hours after birth and produces lethargy, seizures, poor sucking reflex, abdominal distention, and respiratory difficulty.

In a neonate, the symptoms of heroin withdrawal may begin several hours to 4 days after birth.

In a neonate, the symptoms of methadone withdrawal may begin 7 days to several weeks after birth.

In a neonate, the cardinal signs of narcotic withdrawal include coarse, flapping tremors; sleepiness; restlessness; prolonged, persistent, high-pitched cry; and irritability.

The nurse should count a neonate’s respirations for one (1) full minute.

Chlorpromazine (Thorazine) is used to treat neonates who are addicted to narcotics.

The nurse should provide a dark, quiet environment for a neonate who is experiencing narcotic withdrawal.

Drugs used to treat withdrawal symptoms in neonates include phenobarbital (Luminal), camphorated opium tincture (paregoric), and diazepam (Valium).

In a premature neonate, signs of respiratory distress include nostril flaring, substernal retractions, and inspiratory grunting.

Respiratory distress syndrome (hyaline membrane disease) develops in premature infants because their pulmonary alveoli lack surfactant.

Whenever an infant is being put down to sleep, the parent or caregiver should position the infant on the back. Remember the mnemonic “back to sleep.”

The percentage of water in a neonate’s body is about 78% to 80%.

To perform nasotracheal suctioning in an infant, the nurse positions the infant with his neck slightly hyperextended in a “sniffing” position, with his chin up and his head tilted back slightly.

After birth, the neonate’s umbilical cord is tied 1″ (2.5 cm) from the abdominal wall with a cotton cord, plastic clamp, or rubber band.

When teaching parents to provide umbilical cord care, the nurse should teach them to clean the umbilical area with a cotton ball saturated with alcohol after every diaper change to prevent infection and promote drying.

Ortolani’s sign (an audible click or palpable jerk that occurs with thigh abduction) confirms congenital hip dislocation in a neonate.

Cutis marmorata is mottling or purple discoloration of the skin. It’s a transient vasomotor response that occurs primarily in the arms and legs of infants who are exposed to cold.

The first immunization for a neonate is the hepatitis B vaccine, which is administered in the nursery shortly after birth.

Infants with Down syndrome typically have marked hypotonia, floppiness, slanted eyes, excess skin on the back of the neck, flattened bridge of the nose, flat facial features, spade-like hands, short and broad feet, small male genitalia, absence of Moro’s reflex, and a simian crease on the hands.

The nurse instills erythromycin in a neonate’s eyes primarily to prevent blindness caused by gonorrhea or chlamydia.

A fever in the first 24 hours postpartum is most likely caused by dehydration rather than infection.

Preterm neonates or neonates who can’t maintain a skin temperature of at least 97.6° F (36.4° C) should receive care in an incubator (Isolette) or a radiant warmer. In a radiant warmer, a heat-sensitive probe taped to the neonate’s skin activates the heater unit automatically to maintain the desired temperature.

Neonates who are delivered by cesarean birth have a higher incidence of respiratory distress syndrome.

When providing phototherapy to a neonate, the nurse should cover the neonate’s eyes and genital area.

The narcotic antagonist naloxone (Narcan) may be given to a neonate to correct respiratory depression caused by narcotic administration to the mother during labor.

In a neonate, symptoms of respiratory distress syndrome include expiratory grunting or whining, sandpaper breath sounds, and seesaw retractions.

Cerebral palsy presents as asymmetrical movement, irritability, and excessive, feeble crying in a long, thin infant.

The nurse should assess a breech-birth neonate for hydrocephalus, hematomas, fractures, and other anomalies caused by birth trauma.

In a neonate, long, brittle fingernails are a sign of postmaturity.

Desquamation (skin peeling) is common in postmature neonates.

The average birth weight of neonates born to mothers who smoke is 6 oz (170 g) less than that of neonates born to nonsmoking mothers.

Neonatal jaundice in the first 24 hours after birth is known as pathological jaundice and is a sign of erythroblastosis fetalis.

Lanugo covers the fetus’s body until about 20 weeks gestation. Then it begins to disappear from the face, trunk, arms, and legs, in that order.

In a neonate, hypoglycemia causes temperature instability, hypotonia, jitteriness, and seizures.

Premature, postmature, small-for-gestational-age, and large-for-gestational-age neonates are susceptible to this disorder.

Neonates typically need to consume 50 to 55 cal per pound of body weight daily.

During fetal heart rate monitoring, variable decelerations indicate compression or prolapse of the umbilical cord.

A neonate whose mother has diabetes should be assessed for hyperinsulinism.

The best technique for assessing jaundice in a neonate is to blanch the tip of the nose or the area just above the umbilicus.

Milia may occur as pinpoint spots over a neonate’s nose.

Strabismus is a normal finding in a neonate.

Respiratory distress syndrome develops in premature neonates because their alveoli lack surfactant.

Rubella infection in a pregnant patient, especially during the first trimester, can lead to spontaneous abortion or stillbirth as well as fetal cardiac and other birth defects.

The Apgar score is used to assess the neonate’s vital functions. It’s obtained at 1 minute and 5 minutes after delivery. The score is based on respiratory effort, heart rate, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color.

Erythromycin is given at birth to prevent ophthalmia neonatorum.

In the neonate, the normal blood glucose level is 45 to 90 mg/dl.

Hepatitis B vaccine is usually given within 48 hours of birth.

Hepatitis B immune globulin is usually given within 12 hours of birth.

Boys who are born with hypospadias shouldn’t be circumcised at birth because the foreskin may be needed for constructive surgery.

In neonates, cold stress affects the circulatory, regulatory, and respiratory systems.

Fetal embodiment is a maternal developmental task that occurs in the second trimester. During this stage, the mother may complain that she never gets to sleep because the fetus always gives her a thump when she tries.

Mongolian spots can range from brown to blue. Their color depends on how close melanocytes are to the surface of the skin. They most commonly appear as patches across the sacrum, buttocks, and legs.

Mongolian spots are common in non-white infants and usually disappear by age 2 to 3 years.

Vernix caseosa is a cheeselike substance that covers and protects the fetus’s skin in utero. It may be rubbed into the neonate’s skin or washed away in one or two baths.

Caput succedaneum is edema that develops in and under the fetal scalp during labor and delivery. It resolves spontaneously and presents no danger to the neonate. The edema doesn’t cross the suture line.

Nevus flammeus, or port-wine stain, is a diffuse pink to dark bluish red lesion on a neonate’s face or neck.

The Guthrie test (a screening test for phenylketonuria) is most reliable if it’s done between the second and sixth days after birth and is performed after the neonate has ingested protein.

To assess coordination of sucking and swallowing, the nurse should observe the neonate’s first breastfeeding or sterile water bottle-feeding.

To establish a milk supply pattern, the mother should breast-feed her infant at least every 4 hours. During the first month, she should breast-feed 8 to 12 times daily (demand feeding).

To avoid contact with blood and other body fluids, the nurse should wear gloves when handling the neonate until after the first bath is given.

If a breast-fed infant is content, has good skin turgor, an adequate number of wet diapers, and normal weight gain, the mother’s milk supply is assumed to be adequate.

In the supine position, a pregnant patient’s enlarged uterus impairs venous return from the lower half of the body to the heart, resulting in supine hypotensive syndrome, or inferior vena cava syndrome.

Tocolytic agents used to treat preterm labor include terbutaline (Brethine), ritodrine (Yutopar), and magnesium sulfate.

A pregnant woman who has hyperemesis gravidarum may require hospitalization to treat dehydration and starvation.

Diaphragmatic hernia is one of the most urgent neonatal surgical emergencies. By compressing and displacing the lungs and heart, this disorder can cause respiratory distress shortly after birth.

Common complications of early pregnancy (up to 20 weeks gestation) include fetal loss and serious threats to maternal health.

If the neonate is stable, the mother should be allowed to breast-feed within the neonate’s first hour of life.

The nurse should check the neonate’s temperature every 1 to 2 hours until it’s maintained within normal limits.

At birth, a neonate normally weighs 5 to 9 lb (2 to 4 kg), measures 18″ to 22″ (45.5 to 56 cm) in length, has a head circumference of 13½” to 14″ (34 to 35.5 cm), and has a chest circumference that’s 1″ (2.5 cm) less than the head circumference.

In the neonate, temperature normally ranges from 98° to 99° F (36.7° to 37.2° C), apical pulse rate averages 120 to 160 beats/minute, and respirations are 40 to 60 breaths/minute.

The diamond-shaped anterior fontanel usually closes between ages 12 and 18 months. The triangular posterior fontanel usually closes by age 2 months.

In the neonate, a straight spine is normal. A tuft of hair over the spine is an abnormal finding.

Prostaglandin gel may be applied to the vagina or cervix to ripen an unfavorable cervix before labor induction with oxytocin (Pitocin).

Supernumerary nipples are occasionally seen on neonates. They usually appear along a line that runs from each axilla, through the normal nipple area, and to the groin.

Meconium is a material that collects in the fetus’s intestines and forms the neonate’s first feces, which are black and tarry.

The presence of meconium in the amniotic fluid during labor indicates possible fetal distress and the need to evaluate the neonate for meconium aspiration.

To assess a neonate’s rooting reflex, the nurse touches a finger to the cheek or the corner of the mouth. Normally, the neonate turns his head toward the stimulus, opens his mouth, and searches for the stimulus.

Harlequin sign is present when a neonate who is lying on his side appears red on the dependent side and pale on the upper side.

Because of the anti-insulin effects of placental hormones, insulin requirements increase during the third trimester.

Gestational age can be estimated by ultrasound measurement of maternal abdominal circumference, fetal femur length, and fetal head size. These measurements are most accurate between 12 and 18 weeks gestation.

Skeletal system abnormalities and ventricular septal defects are the most common disorders of infants who are born to diabetic women. The incidence of congenital malformation is three times higher in these infants than in those born to nondiabetic women.

Skeletal system abnormalities and ventricular septal defects are the most common disorders of infants who are born to diabetic women. The incidence of congenital malformation is three times higher in these infants than in those born to nondiabetic women.

The patient with preeclampsia usually has puffiness around the eyes or edema in the hands (for example, “I can’t put my wedding ring on.”).

Kegel exercises require contraction and relaxation of the perineal muscles. These exercises help strengthen pelvic muscles and improve urine control in postpartum patients.

Symptoms of postpartum depression range from mild postpartum blues to intense, suicidal, depressive psychosis.

The preterm neonate may require gavage feedings because of a weak sucking reflex, uncoordinated sucking, or respiratory distress.

Acrocyanosis (blueness and coolness of the arms and legs) is normal in neonates because of their immature peripheral circulatory system.

To prevent ophthalmia neonatorum (a severe eye infection caused by maternal gonorrhea), the nurse may administer one of three drugs, as prescribed, in the neonate’s eyes: tetracycline, silver nitrate, or erythromycin.

Neonatal testing for phenylketonuria is mandatory in most states.

The nurse should place the neonate in a 30-degree Trendelenburg position to facilitate mucus drainage.

The nurse may suction the neonate’s nose and mouth as needed with a bulb syringe or suction trap.

To prevent heat loss, the nurse should place the neonate under a radiant warmer during suctioning and initial delivery-room care, and then wrap the neonate in a warmed blanket for transport to the nursery.

The umbilical cord normally has two arteries and one vein.

When providing care, the nurse should expose only one part of an infant’s body at a time.

Lightening is settling of the fetal head into the brim of the pelvis.

5.PRENATAL CARE

In a full-term neonate, skin creases appear over two-thirds of the neonate’s feet. Preterm neonates have heel creases that cover less than two-thirds of the feet.

At 20 weeks gestation, the fundus is at the level of the umbilicus.

At 36 weeks gestation, the fundus is at the lower border of the rib cage.

A premature neonate is one born before the end of the 37th week of gestation.

Gravida is the number of pregnancies a woman has had, regardless of outcome.

Para is the number of pregnancies that reached viability, regardless of whether the fetus was delivered alive or stillborn. A fetus is considered viable at 20 weeks gestation.

A multipara is a woman who has had two or more pregnancies that progressed to viability, regardless of whether the offspring were alive at birth.

Positive signs of pregnancy include ultrasound evidence, fetal heart tones, and fetal movement felt by the examiner (not usually present until 4 months gestation

Quickening, a presumptive sign of pregnancy, occurs between 16 and 19 weeks gestation.

Goodell’s sign is softening of the cervix.

Quickening, a presumptive sign of pregnancy, occurs between 16 and 19 weeks gestation.

Ovulation ceases during pregnancy.

Immunity to rubella can be measured by a hemagglutination inhibition test (rubella titer).

This test identifies exposure to rubella infection and determines susceptibility in pregnant women. In a woman, a titer greater than 1:8 indicates immunity.

To estimate the date of delivery using Naegele’s rule, the nurse counts backward three (3) months from the first day of the last menstrual period and then adds seven (7) days to this date.

During pregnancy, weight gain averages 25 to 30 lb (11 to 13.5 kg).

Rubella has a teratogenic effect on the fetus during the first trimester. It produces abnormalities in up to 40% of cases without interrupting the pregnancy.

At 12 weeks gestation, the fundus should be at the top of the symphysis pubis.

Chloasma, the mask of pregnancy, is pigmentation of a circumscribed area of skin (usually over the bridge of the nose and cheeks) that occurs in some pregnant women.

The gynecoid pelvis is most ideal for delivery. Other types include platypelloid (flat), anthropoid (ape-like), and android (malelike).

Pregnant women should be advised that there is no safe level of alcohol intake.

Linea nigra, a dark line that extends from the umbilicus to the mons pubis, commonly appears during pregnancy and disappears after pregnancy.

Culdoscopy is visualization of the pelvic organs through the posterior vaginal fornix.

The nurse should teach a pregnant vegetarian to obtain protein from alternative sources, such as nuts, soybeans, and legumes.

The nurse should instruct a pregnant patient to take only prescribed prenatal vitamins because over-the-counter high-potency vitamins may harm the fetus.

High-sodium foods can cause fluid retention, especially in pregnant patients.

A pregnant patient can avoid constipation and hemorrhoids by adding fiber to her diet.

A pregnant woman should drink at least eight 8-oz glasses (about 2,000 ml) of water daily.

Cytomegalovirus is the leading cause of congenital viral infection.

Tocolytic therapy is indicated in premature labor, but contraindicated in fetal death, fetal distress, or severe hemorrhage.

Through ultrasonography, the biophysical profile assesses fetal well-being by measuring fetal breathing movements, gross body movements, fetal tone, reactive fetal heart rate (nonstress test), and qualitative amniotic fluid volume.

Pica is a craving to eat nonfood items, such as dirt, crayons, chalk, glue, starch, or hair. It may occur during pregnancy and can endanger the fetus.

A pregnant patient should take folic acid because this nutrient is required for rapid cell division.

A woman who is taking clomiphene (Clomid) to induce ovulation should be informed of the possibility of multiple births with this drug.

During the first trimester, a pregnant woman should avoid all drugs unless doing so would adversely affect her health.

The Food and Drug Administration has established the following five categories of drugs based on their potential for causing birth defects: A, no evidence of risk; B, no risk found in animals, but no studies have been done in women; C, animal studies have shown an adverse effect, but the drug may be beneficial to women despite the potential risk; D, evidence of risk, but its benefits may outweigh its risks; and X, fetal anomalies noted, and the risks clearly outweigh the potential benefits.

Para is the number of pregnancies that reached viability, regardless of whether the fetus was delivered alive or stillborn. A fetus is considered viable at 20 weeks gestation.

A multipara is a woman who has had two or more pregnancies that progressed to viability, regardless of whether the offspring were alive at birth.

Positive signs of pregnancy include ultrasound evidence, fetal heart tones, and fetal movement felt by the examiner (not usually present until 4 months gestation.

Quickening, a presumptive sign of pregnancy, occurs between 16 and 19 weeks gestation.

Goodell’s sign is softening the cervix.

Quickening, a presumptive sign of pregnancy, occurs between 16 and 19 weeks gestation.

Ovulation ceases during pregnancy.

Immunity to rubella can be measured by a hemagglutination inhibition test (rubella titer).

This test identifies exposure to rubella infection and determines susceptibility in pregnant women. In a woman, a titer greater than 1:8 indicates immunity.

To estimate the date of delivery using Naegele’s rule, the nurse counts backward three (3) months from the first day of the last menstrual period and then adds seven (7) days to this date.

During pregnancy, weight gain averages 25 to 30 lb (11 to 13.5 kg).

Rubella has a teratogenic effect on the fetus during the first trimester. It produces abnormalities in up to 40% of cases without interrupting the pregnancy.

At 12 weeks gestation, the fundus should be at the top of the symphysis pubis.

Chloasma, the mask of pregnancy, is pigmentation of a circumscribed area of skin (usually over the bridge of the nose and cheeks) that occurs in some pregnant women.

The gynecoid pelvis is most ideal for delivery. Other types include platypelloid (flat), anthropoid (ape-like), and android (malelike).

Pregnant women should be advised that there is no safe level of alcohol intake.

Linea nigra, a dark line that extends from the umbilicus to the mons pubis, commonly appears during pregnancy and disappears after pregnancy.

Culdoscopy is a visualization of the pelvic organs through the posterior vaginal fornix.

The nurse should teach a pregnant vegetarian to obtain protein from alternative sources, such as nuts, soybeans, and legumes.

The nurse should instruct a pregnant patient to take only prescribed prenatal vitamins because over-the-counter high-potency vitamins may harm the fetus.

High-sodium foods can cause fluid retention, especially in pregnant patients.

A pregnant patient can avoid constipation and hemorrhoids by adding fiber to her diet.

A pregnant woman should drink at least eight 8-oz glasses (about 2,000 ml) of water daily.

Cytomegalovirus is the leading cause of congenital viral infection.

Tocolytic therapy is indicated in premature labor, but contraindicated in fetal death, fetal distress, or severe hemorrhage.

Through ultrasonography, the biophysical profile assesses fetal well-being by measuring fetal breathing movements, gross body movements, fetal tone, reactive fetal heart rate (nonstress test), and qualitative amniotic fluid volume.

Pica is a craving to eat nonfood items, such as dirt, crayons, chalk, glue, starch, or hair. It may occur during pregnancy and can endanger the fetus.

A pregnant patient should take folic acid because this nutrient is required for rapid cell division.

A woman who is taking clomiphene (Clomid) to induce ovulation should be informed of the possibility of multiple births with this drug.

During the first trimester, a pregnant woman should avoid all drugs unless doing so would adversely affect her health.

The Food and Drug Administration has established the following five categories of drugs based on their potential for causing birth defects: A, no evidence of risk; B, no risk found in animals, but no studies have been done in women; C, animal studies have shown an adverse effect, but the drug may be beneficial to women despite the potential risk; D, evidence of risk, but its benefits may outweigh its risks; and X, fetal anomalies noted, and the risks clearly outweigh the potential benefits.

A probable sign of pregnancy, McDonald’s sign is characterized by an ease in flexing the body of the uterus against the cervix.

Amenorrhea is a probable sign of pregnancy.

A pregnant woman’s partner should avoid introducing air into the vagina during oral sex because of the possibility of air embolism.

The presence of human chorionic gonadotropin in the blood or urine is a probable sign of pregnancy.

Radiography isn’t usually used in a pregnant woman because it may harm the developing fetus. If radiography is essential, it should be performed only after 36 weeks of gestation.

A pregnant patient who has had rupture of the membranes or who is experiencing vaginal bleeding shouldn’t engage in sexual intercourse.

A pregnant staff member should not be assigned to work with a patient who has cytomegalovirus infection because the virus can be transmitted to the fetus.

A pregnant patient should take an iron supplement to help prevent anemia.

Nausea and vomiting during the first trimester of pregnancy are caused by rising levels of the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin.

The duration of pregnancy averages 280 days, 40 weeks, 9 calendar months, or 10 lunar months.

Before performing a Leopold maneuver, the nurse should ask the patient to empty her bladder.

Pelvic-tilt exercises can help to prevent or relieve backache during pregnancy.

The nurse must place identification bands on both the mother and the neonate before they leave the delivery room.

Dinoprostone (Cervidil) is used to ripen the cervix.

Because women with diabetes have a higher incidence of birth anomalies than women without diabetes, an alpha-fetoprotein level may be ordered at 15 to 17 weeks gestation.

Painless vaginal bleeding during the last trimester of pregnancy may indicate placenta previa.

The hormone human chorionic gonadotropin is a marker for pregnancy.

With advanced maternal age, a common genetic problem is Down syndrome.

Methergine stimulates uterine contractions.

The administration of folic acid during the early stages of gestation may prevent neural tube defects.

A clinical manifestation of a prolapsed umbilical cord is variable decelerations.

The nurse should keep the sac of meningomyelocele moist with normal saline solution.

If fundal height is at least 2 cm less than expected, the cause may be growth retardation, missed abortion, transverse lie, or false pregnancy.

Fundal height that exceeds expectations by more than 2 cm may be caused by multiple gestation, polyhydramnios, uterine myomata, or a large baby.

A major developmental task for a woman during the first trimester of pregnancy is accepting the pregnancy.

A pregnant patient with vaginal bleeding shouldn’t have a pelvic examination.

In the early stages of pregnancy, the finding of glucose in the urine may be related to the increased shunting of glucose to the developing placenta, without a corresponding increase in the reabsorption capability of the kidneys.

A patient who has premature rupture of the membranes is at significant risk for infection if labor doesn’t begin within 24 hours.

Infants of diabetic mothers are susceptible to macrosomia as a result of increased insulin production in the fetus.

To prevent heat loss in the neonate, the nurse should bathe one part of his body at a time and keep the rest of the body covered.

A patient who has a cesarean delivery is at greater risk for infection than the patient who gives birth vaginally.

The occurrence of thrush in the neonate is probably caused by contact with the organism during delivery through the birth canal.

Maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein is detectable at 7 weeks of gestation and peaks in the third trimester. High levels detected between the 16th and 18th weeks are associated with neural tube defects. Low levels are associated with Down syndrome.

An arrest of descent occurs when the fetus doesn’t descend through the pelvic cavity during labor. It’s commonly associated with cephalopelvic disproportion, and cesarean delivery may be required.

A late sign of preeclampsia is epigastric pain as a result of severe liver edema.

In the patient with preeclampsia, blood pressure returns to normal during the puerperal period.

To obtain an estriol level, urine is collected for 24 hours.

An estriol level is used to assess fetal well-being and maternal renal functioning as well as to monitor a pregnancy that’s complicated by diabetes.

The period between contractions is referred to as the interval, or resting phase. During this phase, the uterus and placenta fill with blood and allow for the exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nutrients.

In a patient who has hypertonic contractions, the uterus doesn’t have an opportunity to relax and there is no interval between contractions.

As a result, the fetus may experience hypoxia or rapid delivery may occur.

Two qualities of the myometrium are elasticity, which allows it to stretch yet maintain its tone, and contractility, which allows it to shorten and lengthen in a synchronized pattern.

During crowning, the presenting part of the fetus remains visible during the interval between contractions.

Uterine atony is failure of the uterus to remain firmly contracted.

The major cause of uterine atony is a full bladder.

If the mother wishes to breastfeed, the neonate should be nursed as soon as possible after delivery.

A smacking sound, milk dripping from the side of the mouth, and sucking noises all indicate improper placement of the infant’s mouth over the nipple.

Before feeding is initiated, an infant should be burped to expel air from the stomach.

Most authorities strongly encourage the continuation of breastfeeding on both the affected and the unaffected breast of patients with mastitis.

Neonates are nearsighted and focus on items that are held 10″ to 12″ (25 to 30.5 cm) away.

In a neonate, low-set ears are associated with chromosomal abnormalities such as Down syndrome.

Meconium is usually passed in the first 24 hours; however, passage may take up to 72 hours.

Obstetric data can be described by using the F/TPAL system:

F/T: Full-term delivery at 38 weeks or longer

P: Preterm delivery between 20 and 37 weeks

A: Abortion or loss of fetus before 20 weeks

L: Number of children living (if a child has died, further explanation is needed to clarify the discrepancy in numbers).

Parity doesn’t refer to the number of infants delivered, only the number of deliveries.

Women who are carrying more than one fetus should be encouraged to gain 35 to 45 lb (15.5 to 20.5 kg) during pregnancy.

The recommended amount of iron supplement for the pregnant patient is 30 to 60 mg daily.

Drinking six alcoholic beverages a day or a single episode of binge drinking in the first trimester can cause fetal alcohol syndrome.

Chorionic villus sampling is performed at 8 to 12 weeks of pregnancy for early identification of genetic defects.

In percutaneous umbilical blood sampling, a blood sample is obtained from the umbilical cord to detect anemia, genetic defects, and blood incompatibility as well as to assess the need for blood transfusions.

Hemodilution of pregnancy is the increase in blood volume that occurs during pregnancy.

The increased volume consists of plasma and causes an imbalance between the ratio of red blood cells to plasma and a resultant decrease in hematocrit.

Visualization in pregnancy is a process in which the mother imagines what the child she’s carrying is like and becomes acquainted with it.

Mean arterial pressure of greater than 100 mm Hg after 20 weeks of pregnancy is considered hypertension.

Laden’s sign, an early indication of pregnancy, causes softening of a spot on the anterior portion of the uterus, just above the uterocervical juncture.

During pregnancy, the abdominal line from the symphysis pubis to the umbilicus changes from linea alba to linea nigra.

The treatment for supine hypotension syndrome (a condition that sometimes occurs in pregnancy) is to have the patient lie on her left side.

A contributing factor in dependent edema in the pregnant patient is the increase of femoral venous pressure from 10 mm Hg (normal) to 18 mm Hg (high).

Hyperpigmentation of the pregnant patient’s face, formerly called chloasma and now referred to as melasma, fades after delivery.

The hormone relaxin, which is secreted first by the corpus luteum and later by the placenta, relaxes the connective tissue and cartilage of the symphysis pubis and the sacroiliac joint to facilitate passage of the fetus during delivery.

Progesterone maintains the integrity of the pregnancy by inhibiting uterine motility.

LABOR AND DELIVERY

During labor, to relieve supine hypotension manifested by nausea and vomiting and paleness, turn the patient on her left side.

During the transition phase of the first stage of labor, the cervix is dilated 8 to 10 cm and contractions usually occur 2 to 3 minutes apart and last for 60 seconds.

The first stage of labor begins with the onset of labor and ends with full cervical dilation at 10 cm.

The second stage of labor begins with full cervical dilation and ends with the neonate’s birth.

The third stage of labor begins after the neonate’s birth and ends with expulsion of the placenta.

The fourth stage of labor (postpartum stabilization) lasts up to 4 hours after the placenta is delivered. This time is needed to stabilize the mother’s physical and emotional state after the stress of childbirth.

Unlike false labor, true labor produces regular rhythmic contractions, abdominal discomfort, progressive descent of the fetus, bloody show, and progressive effacement and dilation of the cervix.

When used to describe the degree of fetal descent during labor, floating means the presenting part is not engaged in the pelvic inlet, but is freely movable (ballotable) above the pelvic inlet.

When used to describe the degree of fetal descent, engagement means when the largest diameter of the presenting part has passed through the pelvic inlet.

Fetal stations indicate the location of the presenting part in relation to the ischial spine. It’s described as –1, –2, –3, –4, or –5 to indicate the number of centimeters above the level of the ischial spine; station –5 is at the pelvic inlet.

Fetal stations are also described as +1, +2, +3, +4, or +5 to indicate the number of centimeters it is below the level of the ischial spine; station 0 is at the level of the ischial spine.

Any vaginal bleeding during pregnancy should be considered a complication until proven otherwise.

During delivery, if the umbilical cord can’t be loosened and slipped from around the neonate’s neck, it should be clamped with two clamps and cut between the clamps.

During the first stage of labor, the side-lying position usually provides the greatest degree of comfort, although the patient may assume any comfortable position.

Fetal stations are also described as +1, +2, +3, +4, or +5 to indicate the number of centimeters it is below the level of the ischial spine; station 0 is at the level of the ischial spine.

Fetal stations indicate the location of the presenting part in relation to the ischial spine. It’s described as –1, –2, –3, –4, or –5 to indicate the number of centimeters above the level of the ischial spine; station –5 is at the pelvic inlet.

When used to describe the degree of fetal descent, engagement means when the largest diameter of the presenting part has passed through the pelvic inlet.

Amniotomy is artificial rupture of the amniotic membranes.

The three phases of a uterine contraction are increment, acme, and decrement.

The intensity of a labor contraction can be assessed by the indentability of the uterine wall at the contraction’s peak. Intensity is graded as mild (uterine muscle is somewhat tense), moderate (uterine muscle is moderately tense), or strong (uterine muscle is boardlike).

The frequency of uterine contractions, which is measured in minutes, is the time from the beginning of one contraction to the beginning of the next.

Before internal fetal monitoring can be performed, a pregnant patient’s cervix must be dilated at least 2 cm, the amniotic membranes must be ruptured, and the presenting part of the fetus (scalp or buttocks) must be at station –1 or lower, so that a small electrode can be attached.

Teenage mothers are more likely to have low-birth-weight neonates because they seek prenatal care late in pregnancy (as a result of denial) and are more likely than older mothers to have nutritional deficiencies.

The narrowest diameter of the pelvic inlet is the anteroposterior (diagonal conjugate).

During labor, the resting phase between contractions is at least 30 seconds.

The length of the uterus increases from 2½” (6.3 cm) before pregnancy to 12½” (32 cm) at term.

To estimate the true conjugate (the smallest inlet measurement of the pelvis), deduct 1.5 cm from the diagonal conjugate (usually 12 cm). A true conjugate of 10.5 cm enables the fetal head (usually 10 cm) to pass.

The smallest outlet measurement of the pelvis is the intertuberous diameter, which is the transverse diameter between the ischial tuberosities.

Electronic fetal monitoring is used to assess fetal well-being during labor. If compromised fetal status is suspected, fetal blood pH may be evaluated by obtaining a scalp sample.

In an emergency delivery, enough pressure should be applied to the emerging fetus’s head to guide the descent and prevent a rapid change in pressure within the molded fetal skull.

Massaging the uterus helps to stimulate contractions after the placenta is delivered.

When a patient is admitted to the unit in active labor, the nurse’s first action is to listen for fetal heart tones.

Nitrazine paper is used to test the pH of vaginal discharge to determine the presence of amniotic fluid.

A pregnant patient normally gains 2 to 5 lb (1 to 2.5 kg) during the first trimester and slightly less than 1 lb (0.5 kg) per week during the last two trimesters.

Precipitate labor lasts for approximately 3 hours and ends with delivery of the neonate.

As emergency treatment for excessive uterine bleeding, 0.2 mg of methylergonovine (Methergine) is injected I.V. over 1 minute while the patient’s blood pressure and uterine contractions are monitored.

Braxton Hicks contractions are usually felt in the abdomen and don’t cause cervical change. True labor contractions are felt in the front of the abdomen and back and lead to progressive cervical dilation and effacement.

If a fetus has late decelerations (a sign of fetal hypoxia), the nurse should instruct the mother to lie on her left side and then administer 8 to 10 L of oxygen per minute by mask or cannula.

The nurse should notify the physician. The side-lying position removes pressure on the inferior vena cava.

Oxytocin (Pitocin) promotes lactation and uterine contractions.

Because oxytocin (Pitocin) stimulates powerful uterine contractions during labor, it must be administered under close observation to help prevent maternal and fetal distress.

Molding is the process by which the fetal head changes shape to facilitate movement through the birth canal.

If a woman suddenly becomes hypotensive during labor, the nurse should increase the infusion rate of I.V. fluids as prescribed.

During fetal heart monitoring, early deceleration is caused by compression of the head during labor.

After the placenta is delivered, the nurse may add oxytocin (Pitocin) to the patient’s I.V. solution, as prescribed, to promote postpartum involution of the uterus and stimulate lactation.

If needed, cervical suturing is usually done between 14 and 18 weeks gestation to reinforce an incompetent cervix and maintain pregnancy. The suturing is typically removed by 35 weeks gestation.

The Food and Drug Administration has established the following five categories of drugs based on their potential for causing birth defects: A, no evidence of risk; B, no risk found in animals, but no studies have been done in women; C, animal studies have shown an adverse effect, but the drug may be beneficial to women despite the potential risk; D, evidence of risk, but its benefits may outweigh its risks; and X, fetal anomalies noted, and the risks clearly outweigh the potential benefits.

The mechanics of delivery are engagement, descent and flexion, internal rotation, extension, external rotation, restitution, and expulsion.

The duration of a contraction is timed from the moment that the uterine muscle begins to tense to the moment that it reaches full relaxation. It’s measured in seconds.

Fetal demise is death of the fetus after viability.

The most common method of inducing labor after artificial rupture of the membranes is oxytocin (Pitocin) infusion.

After the amniotic membranes rupture, the initial nursing action is to assess the fetal heart rate.

The most common reasons for cesarean birth are malpresentation, fetal distress, cephalopelvic disproportion, pregnancy-induced hypertension, previous cesarean birth, and inadequate progress in labor.

Amniocentesis increases the risk of spontaneous abortion, trauma to the fetus or placenta, premature labor, infection, and Rh sensitization of the fetus.

After amniocentesis, abdominal cramping or spontaneous vaginal bleeding may indicate complications.

To prevent her from developing Rh antibodies, an Rh-negative primigravida should receive Rho(D) immune globulin (RhoGAM) after delivering an Rh-positive neonate.

When informed that a patient’s amniotic membrane has broken, the nurse should check fetal heart tones and then maternal vital signs.

Crowning is the appearance of the fetus’s head when its largest diameter is encircled by the vulvovaginal ring.

Subinvolution may occur if the bladder is distended after delivery.

For an extramural delivery (one that takes place outside of a normal delivery center), the priorities for care of the neonate include maintaining a patent airway, supporting efforts to breathe, monitoring vital signs, and maintaining adequate body temperature.

The administration of oxytocin (Pitocin) is stopped if the contractions are 90 seconds or longer.

If a pregnant patient’s rubella titer is less than 1:8, she should be immunized after delivery.

During the transition phase of labor, the woman usually is irritable and restless.

Maternal hypotension is a complication of spinal block.

The mother’s Rh factor should be determined before an amniocentesis is performed.

With early maternal age, cephalopelvic disproportion commonly occurs.

Spontaneous rupture of the membranes increases the risk of a prolapsed umbilical cord.

Postpartum Care

Lochia rubra is the vaginal discharge of almost pure blood that occurs during the first few days after childbirth.

Lochia serosa is the serous vaginal discharge that occurs 4 to 7 days after childbirth.

Lochia alba is the vaginal discharge of decreased blood and increased leukocytes that’s the final stage of lochia. It occurs 7 to 10 days after childbirth.

After delivery, a multiparous woman is more susceptible to bleeding than a primiparous woman because her uterine muscles may be overstretched and may not contract efficiently.

The nurse should suggest ambulation to a postpartum patient who has gas pain and flatulence.

Methylergonovine (Methergine) is an oxytocic agent used to prevent and treat postpartum hemorrhage caused by uterine atony or subinvolution.

After a stillbirth, the mother should be allowed to hold the neonate to help her come to terms with the death.

If a woman receives a spinal block before delivery, the nurse should monitor the patient’s blood pressure closely.

A postpartum patient may resume sexual intercourse after the perineal or uterine wounds heal (usually within 4 weeks after delivery).

If a pregnant patient’s test results are negative for glucose but positive for acetone, the nurse should assess the patient’s diet for inadequate caloric intake.

Direct antiglobulin (direct Coombs’) test is used to detect maternal antibodies attached to red blood cells in the neonate.

Before discharging a patient who has had an abortion, the nurse should instruct her to report bright red clots, bleeding that lasts longer than 7 days, or signs of infection, such as a temperature of greater than 100° F (37.8° C), foul-smelling vaginal discharge, severe uterine cramping, nausea, or vomiting.

The fundus of a postpartum patient is massaged to stimulate contraction of the uterus and prevent hemorrhage.

Laceration of the vagina, cervix, or perineum produces bright red bleeding that often comes in spurts. The bleeding is continuous, even when the fundus is firm.

To avoid puncturing the placenta, a vaginal examination should not be performed on a pregnant patient who is bleeding.

A patient who has postpartum hemorrhage caused by uterine atony should be given oxytocin as prescribed.

After delivery, if the fundus is boggy and deviated to the right side, the patient should empty her bladder.

In the early postpartum period, the fundus should be midline at the umbilicus.

Pregnancy Complications

An ectopic pregnancy is one that implants abnormally, outside the uterus.

A habitual aborter is a woman who has had three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions.

Threatened abortion occurs when bleeding is present without cervical dilation.

A complete abortion occurs when all products of conception are expelled.

Hydramnios (polyhydramnios) is excessive amniotic fluid of more than 2,000 ml in the third trimester.

In an incomplete abortion, the fetus is expelled, but parts of the placenta and membrane remain in the uterus.

When a pregnant patient has undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, vaginal examination should be avoided until ultrasonography rules out placenta previa.

A patient with a ruptured ectopic pregnancy commonly has sharp pain in the lower abdomen, with spotting and cramping. She may have abdominal rigidity; rapid, shallow respirations; tachycardia; and shock.

A 16-year-old girl who is pregnant is at risk for having a low-birth-weight neonate.

A rubella vaccine shouldn’t be given to a pregnant woman. The vaccine can be administered after delivery, but the patient should be instructed to avoid becoming pregnant for 3 months.

Nonstress Test

A nonstress test is considered nonreactive (positive) if fewer than two fetal heart rate accelerations of at least 15 beats/minute occur in 20 minutes.

A nonstress test is considered reactive (negative) if two or more fetal heart rate accelerations of 15 beats/minute above baseline occur in 20 minutes.

A nonstress test is usually performed to assess fetal well-being in a pregnant patient with a prolonged pregnancy (42 weeks or more), diabetes, a history of poor pregnancy outcomes, or pregnancy-induced hypertension.

Placental Abnormalities

Placenta previa is abnormally low implantation of the placenta so that it encroaches on or covers the cervical os.

In complete (total) placenta previa, the placenta completely covers the cervical os.

In partial (incomplete or marginal) placenta previa, the placenta covers only a portion of the cervical os.

Abruptio placentae is premature separation of a normally implanted placenta. It may be partial or complete, and usually causes abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, and a boardlike abdomen.

In placenta previa, bleeding is painless and seldom fatal on the first occasion, but it becomes heavier with each subsequent episode.

Nursing interventions for a patient with placenta previa include positioning the patient on her left side for maximum fetal perfusion, monitoring fetal heart tones, and administering I.V. fluids and oxygen, as ordered.

Treatment for abruptio placentae is usually immediate cesarean delivery.

A classic difference between abruptio placentae and placenta previa is the degree of pain. Abruptio placentae causes pain, whereas placenta previa causes painless bleeding.

Because a major role of the placenta is to function as a fetal lung, any condition that interrupts normal blood flow to or from the placenta increases fetal partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide and decreases fetal pH.

Preeclampsia

Pregnancy-induced hypertension is a leading cause of maternal death in the United States.

Pregnancy-induced hypertension (preeclampsia) is an increase in blood pressure of 30/15 mm Hg over baseline or blood pressure of 140/95 mmHg on two occasions at least 6 hours apart accompanied by edema and albuminuria after 20 weeks gestation.

The classic triad of symptoms of preeclampsia are hypertension, edema, and proteinuria.

Additional symptoms of severe preeclampsia include hyperreflexia, cerebral and vision disturbances, and epigastric pain.

After administering magnesium sulfate to a pregnant patient for hypertension or preterm labor, the nurse should monitor the respiratory rate and deep tendon reflexes.

Eclampsia is the occurrence of seizures that aren’t caused by a cerebral disorder in a patient who has pregnancy-induced hypertension.

In a patient with preeclampsia, epigastric pain is a late symptom and requires immediate medical intervention.

In a pregnant patient, preeclampsia may progress to eclampsia, which is characterized by seizures and may lead to coma.

HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets) syndrome is an unusual variation of pregnancy-induced hypertension.

Contraceptives

The failure rate of a contraceptive is determined by the experience of 100 women for 1 year. It’s expressed as pregnancies per 100 woman-years.

Before providing a specimen for a sperm count, the patient should avoid ejaculation for 48 to 72 hours.

If a patient misses two consecutive menstrual periods while taking an oral contraceptive, she should discontinue the contraceptive and take a pregnancy test.

If a patient who is taking an oral contraceptive misses a dose, she should take the pill as soon as she remembers or take two at the next scheduled interval and continue with the normal schedule.

If a patient who is taking an oral contraceptive misses two consecutive doses, she should double the dose for 2 days and then resume her normal schedule. She also should use an additional birth control method for 1 week.

[bbcolostrum]

Is Your Colostrum Supplement Causing Acne? Tips and Insights

If you've been experiencing acne breakouts and recently started taking a colostrum supplement, you might be wondering, "Can colostrum cause acne?” While colostrum is renowned for its immune-boosting properties and overall health benefits, some individuals report skin issues as a potential side effect.

The primary concern revolves around the hormonal content in colostrum, specifically insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). IGF-1 is a natural component found in colostrum and plays a crucial role in growth and development. However, elevated levels of IGF-1 can stimulate oil production in the skin, potentially leading to clogged pores and acne breakouts.

Furthermore, colostrum contains other bioactive compounds and proteins that may influence skin health. Lactoferrin, for example, has antimicrobial properties that can help combat acne-causing bacteria. On the other hand, the presence of certain growth factors and hormones could exacerbate skin issues in susceptible individuals.

If you suspect that your colostrum supplement is contributing to acne, here are some tips and insights to consider:

Evaluate Your Skincare Routine: Ensure you're using non-comedogenic (non-pore-clogging) skincare products suitable for your skin type. Gentle cleansing and moisturizing can help manage acne symptoms.

Monitor Your Diet: While colostrum itself is not a common dietary trigger for acne, consider if other dietary factors or allergens could be contributing to your skin issues.

Consider Dosage and Quality: Review the dosage of your colostrum supplement and ensure you're using a high-quality product from reputable sources. Lowering the dosage or switching to a different brand may mitigate adverse effects.

Consult a Dermatologist: If acne persists or worsens after starting colostrum supplementation, consult a dermatologist for personalized advice. They can assess your skin condition and recommend suitable treatments or adjustments to your skincare regimen.

Monitor Changes: Keep track of any changes in your skin condition and overall health after starting colostrum. This information can help you and your healthcare provider determine the best course of action.

In conclusion, while colostrum offers numerous health benefits, including immune support and gut health, its impact on individual skin health can vary. If you suspect that your colostrum supplement is causing acne, consider the factors mentioned above and seek professional advice if needed. By staying informed and proactive, you can make informed decisions about your supplement regimen and skincare routine.

[sickstag]

you honestly never stop to flatter me. i'd love to know you better sir, but i'll never want for you to feel pressured to do something you feel uncomfortable with. i really like to know a person better when i'm interested in them, which is a silly reason i know. i really want to be more active and consistent here, so anything can be an excuse to write you, i genuinely can't get enough of this and of you, of course.

-🦌

This is going to be a bit of a longer post because I am autistic and will therefore be going insane at the chance to talk about my interests.

So firstly in terms of my appearance, I’ve actually been wanting to face reveal here for a while (I posted about it earlier, infact) but I don’t want to be found by my irl’s, currently— I’m alternative and sit somewhere between traditional emo and what I call ‘your southern gothic older brother’. I have 11 piercings and 2 tattoos.

I’m an artist and a writer (which I’ve mentioned previously here), I write religious/ erotic horror, surgical gore and slice of life stories with themes of religious and generational trauma as well as queer relationships. I put my whole life into my projects (of which I have 4), writing and art are my passions. They are my life.

In order of development status (most to least), my projects are named:

The Purpose of a Hunting Dog

This Heavenly Feeling

Your Coyote Looks Like a Dog

God’s Free Will

I also have 4 short stories related to these projects, titled: ‘Do House Cats Get Cabin Fever?’, ‘Wild Whistle’, ‘Colostrum’ and ‘Who’s The Lamb?’.

I’m also Christian (sort of), hence why, if you’ll ask me about my projects, you’ll notice that they’re all religiously centred in some way. I adore reading about Isaiah, Joseph, Jesus and Judas specifically. I’m also known for having a pretty heavy priest kink but that is besides the point. Conveniently, Christianity is also my special interest.

I go to college 3 days a week (studying Graphics Design, Illustration and Game Arts) and work (with animals) during the other 4, so I don’t have a lot of time for anything more, but I try my best. I am also an editor in my free time and I tutor younger art students.

My favourite shows are:

This Is Going To Hurt

Devilman Crybaby

Baby Reindeer

The Dark Crystal (remake)

Arcane

Hannibal (sort of. It’s complicated)

And my favourite movies are:

Princess Mononoke

Everything Everywhere All At Once

As You Are

The Hunchback Of Notre Dame

Re-Animator

Guardians Of The Galaxy 3

Controversially, I’m not big into music, but I listen to a lot of:

McCafferty

The Front Bottoms

Mitski

Destroy Boys

I also listen to a lot of musical playlists such as Falsettos, Jesus Christ Superstar and the broadway version of The Hunchback of Notre Dame.

My favourite books are:

Good Omens

Lambs Of God

Hannibal

After The Fire

The Last Days Of Judas Iscariot

Lapvona (which I reference frequently in my writing)

When I have the time, I like to go to Costa (specifically the new, rose themed pink one that just opened in my city), and a place called Coffee #1. I am a big coffee guy. I’m also working on a church photography project, so you also might find me getting early off of the bus before work to do photo shoots. Oh, and I rollerblade on Saturdays (rarely, if I’m not working) and love going to museums (especially ones about medicine or art). I don’t have any friends and enjoy doing things by myself (for the most part), such as going to the cinema. I am big into writing essays and movie reviews.

Random but I also adore North American wildlife. I love deer and caribou and wolves. I also love sheep and doves.

Hopefully this wasn’t too much information to digest, I can’t be normal about anything I enjoy and I don’t get asked very often.

[ah-suki-suki]

Achieve that healthy glow without breaking the bank!

Are you tired of seeing influencers promoting expensive skincare products that promise a healthy, glowy complexion? I know I am! That's why I've done my research and found some affordable alternatives that contain exactly what you need without all the unnecessary additives. I've ordered these products and will review them for you in the future.

Instead of splurging $62 on Cymbiotika vitamin C 1,000mg from their website (or $83 on Amazon), consider trying Beekeeper's Naturals Liposomal Vitamin C+. It contains 1,000 mg of vitamin C and is available on Amazon for just $22. https://amzn.to/42ItG9G

ARMRA Colostrum��� Premium Powder, with 1g and 120 servings, is priced at a hefty $139 on Amazon. But fear not, you can opt for Super Moo Grass Fed Bovine Colostrum, which offers 2g and costs only $19 on Amazon. https://amzn.to/4bADneB

Lastly, if you're eyeing Betterbrand BetterLungs Sea Moss Tincture Drops with 1,000 mg for 30 days at $31, you might want to consider MaryRuth's Irish Sea Moss Liquid Drops. It's sugar-free, contains 1,160mg, and is available for $22 on Amazon. https://amzn.to/3I0h98d

I'm excited to try out these alternatives and share my honest reviews with you soon. Let's achieve that healthy glow without breaking the bank!

[crazyblondelife]

10 Little Things I'm Loving Right Now

I finally feel like spring is in the air and I’m so ready! I’ve been reading new books, using new products and buying a few new things for my wardrobe and home! I’m sharing 10 things that I’m truly loving right now…I hope you enjoy this post and get a few ideas! This is the first of a monthly series so please let me know what you think!

French Kande has been one of my favorite jewelry lines for some time now! The pieces are unusual, gorgeous and really make a statement! Above, I’m wearing two necklaces from French Kande as well as a beautiful jewel encrusted bracelet! There are so many pieces to choose from on the website and they have just released their new Rue de Bac collection for spring, so be sure to check it out and find a little something to wear with your new spring clothes!

I am hosting book club at the end of this month and we read The Magnolia Palace which was a story that wove historical information with fiction to tell a story about two interesting lives at two times in history that revolve around The Frick Museum. I absolutely loved this book and read it so quickly! It’s not a heavy read, but definitely a page turner that I think you’ll love as well! Have your read The Magnolia Palace?

I am influenced by influencers every day, but I don’t shop everyday…just sometimes! Well, week before last was one of those times - I saw one of my favorite Instagrammers, Rose Hayes, post these shoes and knew I had to have them! I ordered them immediately and then checked the front porch everyday until they came! I have seriously worn them everyday since I got them and feel very good about this purchase! These shoes by JW Anderson weren’t inexpensive, but sometimes, you have to consider the price-per-wear and I have a feeling that I’ll consider these shoes to be free in the near future. I wore them with white jeans, a black tee and denim jacket to the airport yesterday and felt cute, put together and kind of trendy! And, in case you’re wondering, they are very comfortable! They come in several other colors and I’m obsessed with all of them!

I was gifted this ZO Facial Scrub by the company recently and used it up very quickly! It’s a mild exfoliant that really makes my face feel clean after I take my makeup off at night! It’s kind of like a smoother, scrubber and moisturizer all in one! I take my makeup off with my regular cleanser and then while my face is still wet, I use the ZO Scrub and then proceed with my retinol and moisturizer! I’m ordering two of these at a time from now on because I don’t want to run out!

I cannot say enough about this book from Brianna Wiest! The Pivot Year contains 365 snippets - one to read every day and it’s such a great way to start off your day! Buy one for yourself and everyone you love!

I just purchased this two piece set from Amazon and it’s my forth one! It comes in so many colors and is the most comfortable thing ever! I have it in light blue, a dark tan and a light tan! It washes well and I put it in the dryer. You’ll reach for this over and over again and at $56, you can’t beat the price!

Baldy had a little help with my stocking this year at Christmas and was given advice to buy this body oil from Necessaire! It was the best advice! I keep it in the shower and slather it all over my body while I’m still wet! It’s just so luxurious!

This three wick Grapefruit Nest Candle sits on the table in my entry and I burn it everyday! It’s such a fresh scent and works any time of the year!

I’ve been taking this Armra Colostrum for a little over a year now and love it! I haven’t read a bad review yet and it seems to much better for your system than collagen. I’ve actually stopped taking my liquid collagen and soley taking Armra now. I do take other supplements, but this is one I don’t ever forget! I love that it comes in convenient packets for travel as well as a bulk container to use at home! I add it to yogurt and mix it with my Goop Vitamin C Powder in the mornings.

This is the only item on the list that I don’t own yet, but it’s in my shopping cart! Veronica Beard is one of my favorite brands and I think this little knit jacket will be perfect for spring and go with nearly everything! I love that it’s somewhat unstructured, but also easy to dress up or wear with jeans and a tee!

I’m sitting in the sun on my porch at the Ritz Carleton in Naples Florida as I write this post! I’m getting ready to head to the gym and then to the pool! I hope you all are having the best day and thank you for reading today! I hope you find a little something you’re loving right now!

[colosiggold]

🌟 Exciting News for Athletes! 🌟

Did you know that Bovine Colostrum (BC) supplements could be a game-changer for athletes dealing with gut-related issues? 🏃‍♂️💪

In a recent review, researchers found that BC, packed with bioactive molecules, is a safe and cost-effective option to manage and prevent gut problems among athletes, including leaky gut syndrome. 🥛✨

🔍 Here's what they discovered:

Methods: They conducted a thorough literature search across multiple databases and identified 9 studies focusing on BC supplements' impact on gut permeability.

📊 Results: The data showed that intense exercise can increase intestinal permeability in athletes, but BC supplementation helps reverse this effect, promoting gut health.

🔬 Conclusion: BC supplementation shows promise in improving gut permeability among athletes. However, more high-quality studies are needed to determine the optimal dosage and long-term effects.

So, if you're an athlete looking to enhance your gut health and performance, BC supplementation might be worth considering! Stay tuned for more updates on this exciting topic. 💫

Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35745242/

[imlershy]

Performance Labs Supplements – 100% Customer Satisfaction Guaranteed

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As an example, the actual BCAA nutritional vitamin supplements by Performance Labs happen to be created to maximise healthy proteins activity, lean muscle mass upkeep, plus your muscle tissue energy levels ingestion. This lets you establish lean body mass and keep an excellent, nicely toned appearance. Furthermore, they help you restore a lot quicker from routines and reduce muscles swelling. They have also been uncomplicated in your abdominal, so that you wouldn't go through bloating or even pain as part of your exercise routines. Men and women that wish to know Performance Labs brand, they'll visit here.

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An execellent substitute out of Performance Labs will be the Omega 3 supplement, made up of an effective combination of balanced fat and various organic chemical compounds. This assists to further improve the structure of the mobile membranes and then cuts down on low blood pressure together with associated with cholesterol.

This PL-Immune supplement out of Performance Labs should help your disease fighting capability force away bacterial infection and even oxidative emotional tension. Further, it is the nutritious colostrum, that is by natural means abundant with immune-boosting necessary protein along with immune-supporting nutrients. The entire Performance Labs supplements offer an easy-to-follow usage manual. Refer to the manual properly, and will also be on the way to having a workout goals. Make sure you avoid using beyond the actual suggested measure, mainly because completing this task can result in unintended effects.

[juniperpublishers-jdvs]

Enteritis: Still a Problem in Dairy Calves

Abstract

The neonatal phase of calves is a phase that needs extra care due to newborns’ vulnerability. Enteritis - an inflammation of the intestinal mucosa, resulting mainly in diarrhea - stands out among the conditions that affect animals in this period. Enteritis are responsible for huge losses in cattle breeding, especially in the early stages of rearing. Besides the losses caused by mortality, there are also expenses with veterinarians, treatments and decreased performance of the animal throughout its productive life. The present study aimed to perform a review of diarrhea in newborn calves.

Keywords: Neonatal diarrhea; Infectious agents; Dairy cattle

Abbrevations: ETEC: E. coli enterotoxigenic; EHEC: E. coli enterohemorragic; BVDV: Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus

Introduction

The neonatal period in cattle - that goes from birth to 28 days of age - is especially important from a health point of view, since approximately 75% of losses in young calves occur in this phase [1], and the first week of life is considered the most critical phase, with 50% of losses. Therefore, maintaining the health of calves is highly related to the hygiene of the place where they live, as they are extremely sensitive to environmental pathogens [2]. Lorenz [3] report that there are several measures to maintain calf health from birth to weaning, including the provision of good quality colostrum in adequate quantity in the first hours after birth and the need to emphasize the prevention of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory system. Among the main conditions that cause loss in the early stages of calves development are pneumonia, malformations, central nervous system diseases, and enteritis [4]. Enteritis is clinically mainly manifested by diarrhea and stands out due to its high mortality rate [2,3,5,6], since it is commonly difficult to recover because it is almost always accompanied by malnutrition [7].

Diarrhea is a complex multifactorial disease involving animal, environmental, nutritional, and infectious agents and it is a major cause of mortality, morbidity, and economic loss in cattle worldwide [8], because the treatment of affected calves is slow and impacts on growth, weight gain to weaning and loss of genetic potential of recovered animals [9]. Due its clinical and economic importance and due the preventive measures are often neglected, it is necessary an approach on this subject, to broaden the knowledge and to promote a better conduct regarding the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the affected animals. Therefore, the present study aimed to review diarrhea in newborn calves.

Diarrhea in Newborn Ruminants

Newborn calf diarrhea is a disease of great impact on the economic viability of cattle herds worldwide [10] (Table 1). The economic impact caused by this condition is significant, although many new intervention strategies, such as vaccine development drug development and herd management, have been developed and implemented to minimize it [2]. In this sense, the veterinarian needs to assess the status of immunoglobulins in calves, feeding, shelter, environmental disinfection, hygiene and sanitary management, to prevent neonatal deaths caused by the disease [11]. The processes involved in the pathophysiology of diarrhea are related to intestinal secretion/ hypersecretion, nutrient bad absorption and digestion, osmolarity, abnormal intestinal motility, increased hydrostatic pressure, and gastrointestinal inflammation [12-21], which may occur singly or, more commonly, by the combination of two or more factors of these mechanisms [22,23].

Secretory diarrheas occur due to abnormal stimuli to the intestinal mucosa crypts that may be caused by the action of enterotoxins and/ or the action of inflammation mediators such as prostaglandins, causing an imbalance in physiological processes, like secretion and intestinal resorption, with consequent diarrhea [24]. Diarrhea is typically profuse without blood or effort, and signs in affected calves include depression, weakness, and sometimes shock and death secondary to hypovolemia and mild acidemia [25]. The difference in osmolarity with increased concentration of solutes within the intestinal lumen, promotes greater absorption of water by the lumen, thus resulting in dehydration of the animal. Osmotic particles include poorly digested disaccharides and increased levels of D-lactate from bacterial fermentation of unabsorbed nutrients entering the colon. Reduced intestinal transit time can lead to poor digestion and malabsorption due to inadequate time for digestion and absorption of ingested food, impaired fluid resorption has a major impact on fluid balance [23].

When a calf has diarrhea, there is a huge loss of fluids and electrolytes from its body. Thus, the consequent dehydration and the appearance of metabolic acidosis are the main causes of death of these animals [26]. This happens partly because the evaluation of the animal is generally based only on clinical examination, and a more detailed approach to assessing the degree of electrolyte disturbance and acidosis through blood gas analysis is lacking or not [27]. Although this condition being common in rural properties, treatment is usually inadequate and / or insufficient, because the administration of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs do not correct the hydroelectrolytic disorders and acid-base [28]. Therefore, in order for the recovering of the animal, these parameters must be measured and corrected quickly, enabling the return to homeostasis. The high frequency and persistence of calf neonatal diarrhea has attracted the interest of many researchers. The multifactorial etiology (bacteria, viruses and protozoa) influenced by nutritional and environmental factors, as well as difficulties in the precise diagnosis of the agent and the failure of treatment has required the adoption of prophylactic measures, such as cow hygiene, management and vaccination [8].

Diarrhea Infectious Agents

Diarrhea is a condition of complex multifactorial etiology, influenced by infectious, nutritional and environmental factors, as well as improper management practices. Causes include toxins, bacteria, protozoa, viruses, and management / environmental factors such as overfeeding, low temperature, poor hygiene, colostrum deprivation, and individual susceptibility of the animal [8]. Numerous infectious agents have been implicated in diarrhea of calves, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Cryptosporidium spp., Rotavirus and coronavirus. Coinfection is commonly seen in diarrheal calves, although a single primary pathogen may be the cause in some cases. The non-infectious causes of origin are related to improper management and poor hygiene of the environment in which the animals are placed. The incidence of the disease may vary according to the geographical location of the farms, farm management practices and herd size [2]. Rotaviruses, coronaviruses and cryptosporides, the most commonly recognized enteric pathogens of calves, all produce intestinal villi atrophy, intestinal bacterial overgrowth, malabsorption, and osmotic diarrhea [25].

In general, infections caused by viruses and protozoans tend to damage the intestinal mucosa promoting alteration in intestinal absorption due to damage to intestinal cells, compromising the normal absorption of nutrients, fluids and electrolytes, without alteration in intestinal secretion [22]. Rotaviruses are the most common cause of diarrhea in newborn calves and are often involved in co-infections with other agents [11,23,25]. Clinical signs usually appear 1 to 3 days after infection lasting 5 to 9 days [23]. High environmental contamination, herds with high numbers of animals and management that favors the transmission of the agent, associated with an inexpressive immunization rate, provide favorable conditions for the spread of rotavirus in dairy herds in Brazil, justifying the prevalence and difficulty to control the infection and the spread of the virus [28]. The incidence of many etiological agents varies with the calf’s age (Table 2) and this is useful for establishing the probability of a particular agent being involved and it is generally impossible to establish a definitive field diagnosis [11].

Diarrhea may result from hypersecretion or decreased absorption. Enteropathogenic strains of E. coli are occasionally causing diarrhea in calves [29]. Enterotoxigenic E. coli, Salmonella spp, Campylobacter spp. and rotavirus cause diarrhea by secreting enterotoxins that stimulate increased intestinal secretions, while protozoa and enteric viruses cause epithelial destruction of the absorptive cell villi. Enterotoxigenic E. coli produces profuse watery diarrhea, mainly in calves older than 4 days of age and occasionally in older calves. The F5 antigen may produce a mild clinical syndrome characterized by diarrhea, dehydration and weakness in calves from 1 to 4 days of age with rapid course and may progress from healthy to decubitus and death from 6 to 12 hours [11]. Salmonella spp. is an important causative agent of diarrhea and septicemia in dairy calves and the depression caused in the animal is probably due in part to endotoxemia, not just dehydration and acidosis. Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter fecalis are believed to be of minor importance in calves and lambs [11].

Cryptosporidium is cited as the main agent of diarrhea in calves, not only as an opportunistic agent, but also as a primary agent. Preventive measures should be taken related to the management of cows at the time of giving birth, avoiding the agglomeration of animals and environmental contamination to reduce economic losses, and to avoid the risks to public health arising from infection [24]. The recognition of enteropathogens guides the adoption of effective prevention and control measures, besides alerting to public health reflexes, due to the zoonotic potential of several of these enteric pathogens [29,30].

Treatment

Physical examination of the diarrheal calf comprises the first step in establishing the therapeutic approach, requiring the determination of the presence of any intercurrent disease. Treatment of simple cases depends on the estimative of dehydration (Table 3), severity of acidosis, likelihood of concomitant infection, presence or absence of hypothermia and hypoglycemia [11]. The most common causes of death are dehydration and acidosis. Blood gas analysis will accurately determine the degree of metabolic acidosis [29] (Table 4). Therefore, the immediate goal in treating depressed calves is to restore them to physiological systemic status. The estimated severity of dehydration can be combined with estimates of diarrhea loss and maintenance of essential functions to manage total daily fluid requirement [11,29].

Abbreviations: pCO2, carbon dioxide pressure; pO2, oxygen pressure; HCO3-, plasma bicarbonate concentration; TCO2, total carbon dioxide in plasma; BE, base excess in the blood; StB, standard bicarbonate blood concentration; SatO2, blood oxygen saturation. Fonte: Lisbôa et al. [31]. Replacement may be administered intravenously or orally, reminding that for the latter one should be increased by 60 to 80% for partial fluid absorption [11,29]. If performed early in the disease, oral replacement can be highly effective and inexpensive. In animals with severely impaired intestinal motility, the intravenous way may be more effective in correcting hydroelectrolytic imbalances than oral administration [23]. Success of therapy is monitored based on clinical signs of calf and restoration of urination [11]. Another point to consider in chronically diarrheal calf is the need for nutritional support. When a samll quantity of milk or solid food is ingested, energyrich oral electrolytes may be used to maintain the body condition of the animal. Stop giving milk can reduce the severity of diarrhea and depression in severe diarrhea, because malabsorption exacerbates diarrhea by the osmotic effect of unabsorbed milk nutrients and also promotes bacterial proliferation and possibly poor fermentation generating organic acids. However, stop giving milk reduces weight gain [11].

Antibiotic use is frequent in the treatment of diarrhea, although few agents respond to antimicrobials, viral and parasitic agents are not directly sensitive to antibiotics. Their indiscriminate use promotes the selection of resistant strains and complicates future therapeutic efforts. However, they can attenuate clinical disease, decrease the release of pathogens to the environment and animal mortality [11,29]. Some treatment protocols include the use of anti-inflammatory drugs to help reduce the secretory effects of some agents [11]. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) should be restricted in dehydrated animals and administered only when the patient is sufficiently hydrated [23]. The use of probiotics, oligosaccharides and intestinal protectors is also cited, and the use of gastrointestinal motility modifiers is contraindicated, as the reduction in motility will lead to the accumulation of bacteria and pathogenic toxins [29].

Prevention

The principles of prevention are based on ensuring adequate colostral intake, specific help and nonspecific immunity, reduction of the possibility of introduction / dissemination of infectious agents [11]. Colostrum is important in preventing morbidity and mortality of diarrheal calves. Colostral antibody is responsible for the low incidence of rotavirus infections in calves under 4 days of age. Vaccination of pregnant cows is important to increase colostral immunity. Colostrum privation, lack of maternal instinct, and early separation of cow and calf are major causes of failure to transfer immunity in dairy calves [11]. Prophylactic measures include separating calves from each other with enough space to prevent contact and infection through contaminated feces and urine. All feeding facilities and equipment (buckets and bottles) must be maintained with strict hygiene conditions. There is not much difference between the patterns of disease development and the prevention of calf diarrhea according to each etiological agent. Knowledge of the causal pathogen (s) is important to accurately avaliate the current status of the affected property and to develop new interventions [2].

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Cốm trí não G-Brain có tốt không? Cốm trí não G-Brain giá bao nhiêu?

Cốm trí não G-Brain có tốt không? Cốm trí não G-Brain giá bao nhiêu? Đây đều là thắc mắc của nhiều mẹ. G-Brain là sản phẩm tiên phong trên  thị trường về cốm trí não bổ sung DHA cho con. Các hot mom, sao Việt và hơn 100.000 mẹ Việt đều đã chọn Cốm G-Brain là bạn đồng hành cùng con.

Cốm trí não G-Brain có tốt không và Cốm G-Brain giá bao nhiêu?

Cốm trí não G-Brain là sản phẩm bán chạy nhất của thương hiệu Grand Nutrition. Sản phẩm đã có mặt trên rất nhiều nhà thuốc, được hàng chục nghìn mẹ tin dùng. Với thành phần nổi bật, cốm bổ não G-Brain giúp trẻ tăng tập trung, tăng trí nhớ, tăng tư duy rất tốt. 

Cốm trí não G-Brain có tốt không?

Cốm trí não G-Brain được nghiên cứu suốt nhiều năm, sau nhiều lần thử nghiệm, cải tiến và đưa ra thị trường sản phẩm trí não ưu việt cho trẻ em. Sản phẩm đạt được chứng nhận GMP 100% thành phần tự nhiên từ Bộ Y tế. 

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D·Giấy công bố tiếp nhận sản phẩm

Cốm bổ não G-Brain được chiết xuất từ thành phần tự nhiên nên hoàn toàn an toàn, lành tính với trẻ:

TẢO SPIRULINA:

Tảo được nhập khẩu trực tiếp từ Hoa Kỳ, bổ sung dồi dào DHA và Protein. Nhờ vậy, não bộ trẻ phát triển toàn diện, thông minh hơn, xử lý thông tin nhanh nhạy hơn.

DHA:

DHA nhập khẩu từ Đan Mạch, đạt tiêu chuẩn chất lượng cao từ Bộ Y Tế. DHA giúp não bộ khỏe mạnh hơn, tiếp nhận thông tin nhanh nhạy hơn.

QUẢ ÓC CHÓ:

Quả óc chó được mệnh danh là “thần dược” cho sức khỏe não bộ. Quả óc chó rất giàu Omega-3, Omega-6 giúp tăng khả năng tập trung cho trẻ.

YẾN MẠCH:

Yến mạch là nguồn dinh dưỡng rất giàu Glucose. Dưỡng chất này rất quan trọng cho não bộ, giúp trẻ tăng khả năng tập trung.

SỮA NON COLOSTRUM:

Sữa non chứa nhiều vitamin, khoáng chất và kháng thể, giúp tăng cường đề kháng toàn diện cho trẻ.

Thành phần của cốm bổ não G-Brain 100% tự nhiên an toàn, lành tính với trẻ

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Nhờ thành phần dinh dưỡng vượt trội, Cốm bổ não G-Brain nhận được rất nhiều feedback chất lượng từ các mẹ Việt.

“Tầm 2 tháng sau khi cho con uống Cốm trí não G-Brain thì khả năng tập trung tăng đáng kể. Trước đây 2 mẹ con phải cùng nhau học 2-3 tiếng đồng hồ. Nhưng bây giờ con tự học chỉ mất 30-45’ để làm hết bài tập về nhà và học thuộc lòng.” – Diễn viên Lâm Vỹ Dạ review Cốm bổ não G-Brain.

Xem thêm tại: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7eWZL7Hd_cA&t=22s 

Cốm trí não G-Brain được nhiều sao Việt tin dùng

“Từ ngày tôi cho cháu dùng G-Brain, trộm vía cháu bây giờ cũng khá ngoan và thông minh. Bài tập tôi giảng cho cháu thì hiểu hết. Các bạn và cô giáo ở lớp cũng phản ánh là cháu ngày càng tiến bộ hơn.” – Chị Nguyễn Thị Huệ, Thanh Trì, Hà Nội.

Cốm trí não G-Brain giá bao nhiêu?

Cốm trí não G-Brain giá bao nhiêu? Hiện nay, giá sản phẩm được niêm yết trên website Cốm trí não G-Brain. Sản phẩm đang được bán 590.000VNĐ/1 hộp/30 gói. 

Ngoài ra, cốm bổ não G-Brain còn tặng mẹ giá ưu đãi:

Mua 3 Cốm G-Brain tặng ngay 1 Cốm G-Brain và 1 hộp sản phẩm ngẫu nhiên cho bé

Mua 4 Cốm G-Brain tặng ngay 2 Cốm G-Brain và 1 hộp sản phẩm ngẫu nhiên cho bé

Trên thị trường đã xuất hiện những sản phẩm có vỏ hộp gần giống hoặc tên tương tự Cốm G-Brain. Vì thế khi mua sản phẩm, mẹ cần kiểm tra cẩn thận sản phẩm chính hãng. Mẹ không nên chọn sản phẩm có giá quá thấp so với giá niêm yết. 

Ba mẹ có thể đặt mua Cốm trí não G-Brain để cho trẻ dùng thử ngay tại đây: https://com-tri-nao.com/danh-muc-san-pham/san-pham/ 

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[thedrcom]

An Overview of Colostrum Immune Support Supplements and Brain Fog

Our immune system is responsible for defending our body against harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It is important to support our immune system in order to maintain good health and reduce the risk of infections and diseases. One way to boost our immune system is through the consumption of colostrum.

What is Colostrum?

Colostrum is the first milk produced by mammals after giving birth. It is a thick, yellowish fluid that is rich in immune-boosting compounds, such as immunoglobulins, cytokines, and growth factors. Colostrum is also high in protein, vitamins, and minerals, making it a highly nutritious food source.

How Does Colostrum Support the Immune System?

Colostrum contains high levels of immunoglobulins, which are antibodies that help to fight off infections and diseases. These antibodies bind to pathogens and neutralize them, preventing them from causing harm to the body. Colostrum also contains cytokines, which are small proteins that help to regulate the immune response. They help to signal immune cells to target and destroy pathogens, while also preventing inflammation and tissue damage.

Colostrum also contains growth factors, which are essential for the growth and repair of tissues in the body. These growth factors can help to support the development of the immune system, as well as aid in the healing of damaged tissues.

How to Incorporate Colostrum into Your Diet?

Colostrum is available in various forms, such as capsules, powders, and liquids. It is important to choose a high-quality colostrum immune support supplement that is sourced from grass-fed cows and free from hormones and antibiotics. You can add colostrum powder to your smoothies, yogurt, or oatmeal for an added nutritional boost. You can also take colostrum capsules or liquid supplements according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Brain Fog - How to Fix Your Brain

Brain fog is a condition that affects cognitive function, causing symptoms such as difficulty concentrating, memory problems, and a lack of mental clarity. There are many possible causes of brain fog, such as stress, lack of sleep, poor diet, and medical conditions.

Here are some tips to help how to fix your brain fog:

Get enough sleep - Aim for at least 7-8 hours of sleep each night to allow your brain to rest and recharge.

Eat a healthy diet - Include plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein in your diet to provide your brain with the nutrients it needs to function properly.

Exercise regularly - Exercise can help to improve blood flow to the brain, promote the growth of new brain cells, and reduce stress.

Reduce stress - Practice relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, or yoga to help reduce stress and improve mental clarity.

Stay hydrated - Drink plenty of water throughout the day to keep your brain hydrated and functioning at its best.

Consider supplements - Supplements such as omega-3 fatty acids, B vitamins, and ginkgo biloba may help to improve brain function and reduce brain fog.

Find a Functional Medicine Doctor

Functional medicine is a holistic approach to healthcare that focuses on identifying and addressing the underlying causes of disease, rather than just treating symptoms. A functional medicine doctor can help you to optimize your health and prevent chronic disease through personalized treatment plans that address your unique needs.

Here are some tips for finding a functional medicine doctor:

Look for a doctor who is board-certified in functional medicine - This ensures that they have received specialized training in this area of healthcare.

Check their credentials and experience - Look for a doctor who has experience treating patients with your specific health concerns.

Read reviews and testimonials

Conclusion : In conclusion, maintaining good health and cognitive function is essential for leading a fulfilling life. Colostrum can be a great supplement to support your immune system and overall health. Additionally, brain fog can be frustrating and impair your daily routine, but there are many strategies you can try to improve your cognitive function, such as eating a healthy diet, getting enough sleep, exercising regularly, reducing stress, and taking certain supplements. Lastly, finding a functional medicine doctor can be an excellent way to address any underlying health issues and take a more holistic approach to your healthcare. By taking these steps, you can help to boost your overall health and well-being, allowing you to live your best life.

[thekatynews]

The Significance of Nutritional Supplements in Your Day by day Schedule

Life is regularly so occupied and unpleasant that it is incomprehensible not to experience the ill effects of nutritional lack. To carry on with a sound life, you need to have a reasonable eating regimen. A fair eating routine is one that has a decent measure of the relative multitude of full scale supplements (proteins, starches, and fats). These days, no one has sufficient opportunity to keep a decent eating routine.

Nutritional supplements are items that give an equilibrium of nutrients, minerals, spices, and supplements. Nutritional supplements are burned-through for some reasons. They can be taken to improve by and large body wellbeing, to support the safe framework, to diminish the danger of contracting sicknesses, to improve the wellbeing and execution of muscle heads and competitors, and to assist youngsters with unpredictable food consumption designs keep a sound body weight. Nutritional supplements are well known all through the world and in the US alone, they represent about a $19.8 billion market esteem.

Nutrients are fundamental for a solid life:

Nutritional supplements give the perfect measure of nutrients that your body requires every day. Nutrients are miniature supplements that are needed by the body to keep a solid digestion. Nutrients are available in citrus products of the soil different food varieties. Nonetheless, the nutrient substance of most food varieties is impressively brought down when the food is overcooked in light of the fact that a large portion of the nutrients are effectively annihilated by heat. Wheat contains nutrients, however when the wheat is modernly handled to frame wheat flour, its nutrient substance is brought down.

Assuming nutrients are not provided in satisfactory sums through the eating routine, the individual experiences inadequacy infections, like a lack of nutrient C (ascorbic corrosive) which causes scurvy. Scurvy is portrayed by the draining and ulceration of gums. Subsequently, nutritional supplements are taken to give sufficient measures of nutrients.

Minerals:

Nutritional supplements are utilized to supply a proper measure of minerals. Like nutrients, minerals are miniature supplements which are needed in limited quantities to keep a typical body digestion. Minerals, if not provided in sufficient sums through your eating regimen, lead to insufficiency illnesses. Lack of iron prompts paleness, as iron is a constituent of Heme prosthetic gathering which is available in hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is answerable for the vehicle of oxygen from the lungs to of the remainder of the body. Minerals are additionally significant in light of the fact that they go about as co catalysts which are required for the typical movement of cell chemicals. Minerals are additionally significant for keeping a solid and versatile epithelium.

Spices:

Home grown supplements are utilized for nutritional and restorative purposes. Home grown supplements containing concentrates of Gingko biloba are especially mainstream. Gingko biloba is a spice that is known to invigorate miniature dissemination all through the body. The utilization of certain natural supplements along with moderate exercise has demonstrated to be compelling in getting thinner.

Feast supplements:

Regularly, nutritional supplements are utilized as a supper substituent or to sustain dinners. Supper supplements are mainstream with individuals who are experiencing sicknesses that influence the proficiency of the stomach related parcel. Feast supplements are accessible for both veggie lover and non-vegan people. They contain a proper measure of nutrients, minerals, amino acids, and different supplements.

Sports sustenance supplements:

Competitors require expanded measures of nutrients, minerals, and supplements in light of the fact that their dietary prerequisites are higher than that of others. In this way, they are at a higher danger of experiencing nutritional lacks. Subsequently, sports supplements are uniquely planned to supply expanded measures of supplements, nutrients, and minerals. find more information herpesyl reviews

Other nutritional supplements:

These incorporate supplement thick food varieties like brewer's yeast, honey bee dust, fish oils like rope liver oil, psyllium seed husk, raw grain, spirulina, wheat grass, and colostrums. These supplements are utilized for unique purposes. For instance, supplements containing psyllium seed husk are utilized for purifying and keeping a sound stomach related lot.

[chuangheta]

Sữa Dr.Luxia Colostrum được đánh giá là nguồn thực phẩm “vàng” cho sự phát triển toàn diện của trẻ nhỏ.

Với những gì mà “hiện tượng” này làm được đã tạo nên những “cơn sốt” trên thị trường hiện nay.

Trong bài viết này, cùng chúng tôi tìm hiểu rõ hơn về dòng sản phẩm cực hot của nhà Dr.Luxia các mẹ nhé! #sữa_dr_luxia_colostrum_có_tốt_không #dr_luxia_colostrum_0 #dr_luxia_colostrum_1 #dr_luxia_colostrum_2 #sữa_dr_luxia_colostrum #dr_luxia_colostrum #sữa_cho_bé #chuangheta