#Punjabi philosopher

[aamirbilal]

[stargazingtranquility]

Harry knows a lot of languages, in theory, but he’s only fluent in English like;

He can completely understands Punjabi because that’s the Potters’ native language but he can’t quite grasp speaking it. He picks up French terms of endearments/cuss words from Regulus and Sirius. He knows welsh cuss words as well as philosophical translations because of Remus. He can playfully imitate Italian pick up lines because of Barty. He knows to hide when he hears Swahili because Dorcas only reverts back to it when she’s completely pissed at someone. But everyone around him speaks English the majority of the time, so that’s what he speaks.

Then he gets to Hogwarts and meets Draco Malfoy who can hold a conversation in just about any language someone speaks to him in and fuck, Harry never thought that French was romantic. He’s never seen Punjabi as alluring before. He didn’t consider Italian as attractive.

He spends the summer begging members of his family to teach him more of their languages so he can go back and prove to Draco that he is stupid in more than one language.

[ik-kudi-da-khwab]

Who is me?

I originally wasn't going to make an intro post but since Im a yapper I have a lot to say about myself so let me present myself in the most raw form.

Name - I cannot reveal my real name but my friends call me Neko(the special ones) or Spirit too.

Age- 16 (mentally 6)

Gender- Female (she/her)

Sexuality - Bisexual

Hobbies- Writing, shitposting, yapping, reading,studying,Singing, listening to music, daydreaming, swimming.

I am a Hindu sindhi but can understand Punjabi, Sindhi, Hindi, English and Odia. Im also tryna learn Italian.

Music Taste- I have a pretty diverse taste when it comes to which genres I listen to. It ranges from DHH to Sufi bollywood, Drake to Taylor Swift, Mohit Chauhan to Diljit Dosanjh etc.

Follow on Spotify - Spirit's Vinyl

Books- My personal favourites are Historical Romance but I like self help, philosophical fiction, Modern Day romance, classics etc (Colleen Hoover padhne wale bhosde dur rahe🙏🏻)

Something more: I'm a chill person overall. I live in a small town. Im a hopeless romantic (also kinky)and get butterflies in my heart kind of person. A thing I value the most in my life is Freedom. I love my dad and he and my dreams are my only reason to live, I believe.In future I want to work in Marketing.I love studying and chasing my goals and i believe study dates to be the best dates everrr. Im so single I'm gonna die. Frangipani is my favourite flower.Anyways, you can always hmu if u ever want someone to listen or talk to.

:D

[urdubooks24]

Online Treasure of Sufi and Sant Poetry

Introduction

Understanding the Essence of Sufi and Sant Poetry

Define Sufi Poetry

Define Sant Vani

Importance and relevance in modern times

Sufi/Sant Poetry: A Rich Heritage

Historical Background

Origins of Sufi Poetry

Development of Sant Vani

Famous Sufi Poets and Their Contributions

Bulleh Shah

Rumi

Amir Khusro

Renowned Sant Poets and Their Works

Kabir

Tulsidas

Guru Nanak

Sant Vani: The Spiritual Songs

Definition and Importance of Sant Vani

Connection with spirituality and daily life

Prominent Themes in Sant Vani

Love

Devotion

Humanity

Notable Compositions in Sant Vani

Kabir's Dohas

Guru Nanak's Bani

Tulsidas' Ramcharitmanas

Sufi Qawwalis: The Soulful Melodies

Origins and Evolution of Qawwali

Historical context and cultural significance

Famous Qawwals and Their Contributions

Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan

Sabri Brothers

Abida Parveen

Impact of Qawwalis on Society

Influence on music and cinema

Role in spiritual gatherings

Sufi Kalam: The Divine Verses

Meaning and Importance of Sufi Kalam

Spiritual and philosophical insights

Key Figures in Sufi Kalam

Rumi

Hafez

Shah Hussain

Popular Sufi Kalam Collections

Mathnawi by Rumi

Diwan-e-Hafiz

Heer Ranjha by Waris Shah

E-Books: Accessing the Treasure

Availability of Sufi and Sant Poetry E-Books

Benefits of digital access

Top Online Platforms for Sufi and Sant E-Books

Sufinama

RekhtaBooks

Project Gutenberg

Recommended E-Books for Sufi and Sant Poetry

"The Essential Rumi" by Coleman Barks

"Songs of Kabir" by Rabindranath Tagore

"The Conference of the Birds" by Attar of Nishapur

Conclusion

The Continuing Relevance of Sufi and Sant Poetry

Modern interpretations and adaptations

Influence on contemporary literature and art

Exploring Further

How to engage with and study Sufi and Sant poetry

Online resources and communities

Example Content Sections:

Understanding the Essence of Sufi and Sant Poetry

Sufi and Sant poetry are two deeply spiritual and philosophical traditions that have enriched the cultural and literary heritage of South Asia and beyond. Sufi poetry, often associated with mysticism and the quest for divine love, is known for its profound depth and emotional resonance. Sant Vani, on the other hand, comprises the devotional songs of the Sant tradition, emphasizing ethical living, devotion to God, and social equality.

These poetic forms have not only provided spiritual solace to millions but have also acted as a medium for social reform, challenging rigid societal norms and advocating for a more inclusive and compassionate worldview.

Famous Sufi Poets and Their Contributions

Bulleh Shah Bulleh Shah is one of the most celebrated Sufi poets whose verses transcend the boundaries of time and culture. His poetry, written in Punjabi, is a testament to his profound spiritual journey and his quest for unity with the Divine. Bulleh Shah’s works, such as "Bulleya Ki Jaana Main Kaun," are timeless classics that continue to inspire and resonate with readers around the world.

Rumi Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi, more commonly known as Rumi, is perhaps the most famous Sufi poet in the world. His works, written in Persian, have been translated into numerous languages and are widely read across the globe. Rumi’s poetry, encapsulated in his magnum opus "Masnavi," explores themes of divine love, the soul’s journey towards God, and the nature of existence.

Amir Khusro Amir Khusro, a prolific Persian poet and a disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya, made significant contributions to Sufi literature and music. He is often credited with the invention of several musical instruments and the development of new genres of poetry. His ghazals and qawwalis are integral to the Sufi musical tradition and continue to be performed with great reverence.

Prominent Themes in Sant Vani

Sant Vani, the poetic expressions of the Bhakti saints, often revolve around themes of love, devotion, and social justice. The Bhakti movement, which gave rise to Sant Vani, sought to transcend the barriers of caste and creed, promoting a direct and personal relationship with the Divine.

Love and Devotion The Bhakti saints, such as Kabir and Guru Nanak, emphasized the importance of love and devotion in their teachings. Kabir’s dohas (couplets) are renowned for their simplicity and profound wisdom, urging individuals to seek the Divine within themselves and to practice love and compassion in their daily lives.

Humanity and Social Equality The Bhakti poets often used their verses to challenge societal norms and advocate for social justice. Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, composed hymns that spoke against the caste system and gender discrimination, promoting the ideals of equality and universal brotherhood.

Famous Qawwals and Their Contributions

Qawwali, a form of Sufi devotional music, has a rich history and a profound impact on South Asian culture. This genre, characterized by its repetitive and hypnotic melodies, is designed to induce a state of spiritual ecstasy and divine connection.

Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan is often hailed as the greatest qawwal of all time. His powerful voice and emotive renditions of Sufi poetry have captivated audiences worldwide. His contributions to qawwali music have not only preserved this ancient tradition but also brought it to the global stage, influencing musicians across various genres.

Sabri Brothers The Sabri Brothers, a legendary qawwali group from Pakistan, are known for their dynamic performances and soulful renditions of Sufi poetry. Their qawwalis, such as "Bhar Do Jholi Meri" and "Tajdar-e-Haram," are celebrated for their spiritual fervor and emotional depth.

Abida Parveen Abida Parveen, one of the most iconic female Sufi singers, has made significant contributions to the world of Sufi music. Her powerful and evocative voice has brought the poetry of Sufi saints to life, making her one of the most revered figures in the genre.

Recommended E-Books for Sufi and Sant Poetry

For those looking to delve deeper into the rich traditions of Sufi and Sant poetry, numerous e-books are available online. These digital collections provide a convenient way to explore the profound wisdom and spiritual insights of the Sufi and Bhakti poets.

"The Essential Rumi" by Coleman Barks This renowned translation of Rumi’s poetry by Coleman Barks captures the essence of Rumi’s mystical and spiritual insights. The book includes some of Rumi’s most famous poems, making it an essential read for anyone interested in Sufi literature.

"Songs of Kabir" by Rabindranath Tagore Rabindranath Tagore’s translation of Kabir’s dohas brings the profound wisdom of this Bhakti saint to a global audience. The book offers a selection of Kabir’s most insightful and thought-provoking verses, providing a glimpse into his spiritual teachings.

"The Conference of the Birds" by Attar of Nishapur This classic Persian poem, written by the Sufi poet Attar of Nishapur, is an allegorical journey of the soul towards enlightenment. The book, available in various translations, is a profound exploration of Sufi philosophy and spiritual quest.

[mohit34434543]

culture of India

India, often referred to as the land of diversity, is a cultural kaleidoscope that has fascinated and enchanted people from across the globe for centuries. Its rich heritage, traditions, languages, art forms, and cuisines reflect a civilization that has evolved over millennia, leaving an indelible mark on the world. In this blog, we embark on a journey to unravel the multifaceted culture ,culture of India delving into its historical roots, religious practices, artistic expressions, and modern-day manifestations.

Historical Background:

The cultural history of India can be traced back to ancient times, with evidence of human habitation dating back to the Stone Age. The subcontinent has witnessed the rise and fall of numerous civilizations, including the Indus Valley Civilization, which flourished around 3300 BCE. Subsequent waves of migration and settlement by various ethnic groups, including Aryans, Dravidians, Greeks, Persians, and Mongols, contributed to the diversity of India's cultural landscape.

Religious Diversity:

India is the birthplace of major religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism, and has also been a melting pot of diverse faiths, including Islam, Christianity, Judaism, and Zoroastrianism. The religious tolerance and syncretism prevalent in India have resulted in a vibrant tapestry of rituals, festivals, and spiritual practices that coexist harmoniously. From the grand celebrations of Diwali and Eid to the solemnity of Buddhist retreats and Sikh gurdwaras, religion permeates every aspect of Indian life, shaping its customs, beliefs, and social structures.

Art and Architecture:

Indian art and architecture are renowned for their intricacy, symbolism, and spiritual significance. The ancient rock-cut temples of Ajanta and Ellora, the majestic forts and palaces of Rajasthan, and the exquisite carvings of temples in Khajuraho are testaments to India's rich architectural heritage. The country's artistic traditions encompass a wide array of mediums, including painting, sculpture, pottery, textiles, and performing arts such as dance, music, and theater. Classical dance forms like Bharatanatyam, Kathak, Odissi, and Kuchipudi, with their roots in mythology and spirituality, continue to captivate audiences worldwide with their grace and elegance.

Cuisien:

Indian cuisine is as diverse as its culture, with each region boasting its own unique flavors, ingredients, and cooking techniques. From the fiery curries of the south to the aromatic biryanis of the north, Indian food is a gastronomic delight that tantalizes the taste buds with its rich spices and bold flavors. Staples like rice, wheat, lentils, and vegetables form the foundation of Indian meals, which are often accompanied by chutneys, pickles, and dairy products like yogurt and paneer. Street food is also a ubiquitous part of Indian culinary

culture, offering a tantalizing array of snacks and sweets that cater to every palate.

Literature and Language:

India has a rich literary tradition dating back thousands of years, with ancient texts like the Vedas, Upanishads, and epics like the Ramayana and Mahabharata shaping the cultural consciousness of the nation. Sanskrit, the classical language of ancient India, has been the vehicle for some of the world's most profound philosophical and literary works. Over the centuries, regional languages like Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Bengali, Marathi, Gujarati, and Punjabi have flourished, producing a wealth of literature in poetry, prose, and drama. The Indian diaspora has also made significant contributions to world literature, with writers like Salman Rushdie, Arundhati Roy, and Jhumpa Lahiri garnering international acclaim for their works.

Modern Cultural Expressions:

While India's cultural heritage is deeply rooted in tradition and history, it is also a dynamic and evolving entity that continues to adapt and innovate in response to changing times. The advent of globalization, urbanization, and technology has ushered in new forms of cultural expression, from Bollywood films and indie music to contemporary art and fashion. Social media platforms like Instagram and YouTube have provided a platform for young Indian artists, musicians, and influencers to showcase their talents and connect with audiences around the world. Despite the challenges of modernization, India remains proud of its cultural heritage, embracing both tradition and innovation in equal measure.

Conclusion: India's cultural tapestry is a testament to the resilience, creativity, and diversity of its people. Across the length and breadth of the subcontinent, from the snow-capped Himalayas to the sun-drenched beaches of Kerala, the spirit of India's cultural heritage continues to thrive, enriching the lives of millions and inspiring generations to come. As we celebrate the vibrant mosaic of traditions, languages, and customs that make up the fabric of Indian society, let us also recognize the importance of preserving and safeguarding this invaluable legacy for future generations to cherish and embrace.

[thesufidotcom]

"The body is like a guesthouse, and the soul is like the guest. Treat your guest with kindness and compassion, and your guesthouse will always be filled with blessings." Hazrat Bulleh Shah R.A was a Punjabi Sufi poet and philosopher, known for his spiritual and mystical poetry. https://ift.tt/T1fI8qv https://ift.tt/0gTqCE8

[nijjhar]

John 14v21-26:- Corruption by the Messianic Jews. Jesus set us FREE as M... John 14v21-26:- Corruption by the Messianic Jews. Jesus set us FREE as Mary Magdalene was of the 7 demons of Menorah. Co commandments from Christ Jesus. https://youtu.be/j8eQZzkUKOg Anti-Christ Popes and their stooges call themselves "Fathers" when we have One Father of our souls Elohim, Allah, Parbrahm, etc. Holy Gospel of our Supernatural Father Elohim, Allah, Parbrahm, etc., delivered by the First Anointed Christ, which in Punjabi we call Satguru Jesus of the highest living God Elohim that dwells within His Most beautiful living Temple of God created by the demiurge Potter, the Lord of the Nature Yahweh, Brahma, Khudah, etc. and it is called Harmandir or “Emmanuel” according to Saint John 14,21-26. Jesus said to his twice-born Labourers that he had employed in the Royal Vineyard of our Supernatural Father of our souls and not the once-born spiritually blind disciples of the Rabbis, a corruption by the Messianic Jews: “Whoever has my commandments and observes them is the one who loves me; a corruption. Jesus came to set us FREE and not to bind us. Whoever loves me philosophically called “Philia Love” will be loved by my Father, and I will love him and reveal myself to him in “His Word”.” Judas, not Iscariot, said to him, "Master, (then) what happened that you will reveal yourself to us and not to the world?" Jesus answered and said to him, "Whoever loves me will keep my word, and my Father will love him, and we will come to him and make our dwelling with him. Whoever does not love me does not keep my words, yet the word you hear is not mine called “InshJesus” but that of the Father called InshAllah who sent me. I have told you this while I am with you. The Advocate, the holy spirit, common sense that the illiterate people use, the Gentile uses that the Father will send in my name--he will teach you everything and remind you of all that (I) told you." Youtube channel - Truthsoldier I served in the satanic Iraq war. I openly am shamed for that and I asked for forgiveness for taking part in that war. I actually had my awakening while over in Iraq. My eyes were opened to the injustice of that war. The Iraqi people loved Saddam; they had whole stories with nothing but Saddam’s face on everything. Since then I have been speaking out against the US and ISRAEL on my Youtube channel. Here is my contribution:- Holy spirit, common sense, shatters the fetters of the dead letters, the Holy Books. If we have One God, our Supernatural Father of our souls, then there should be one Faith. In Christianity, Jesus said One Fold called the Church of God headed by One Shepherd, our Bridegroom Christ Jesus/Christ = Satguru Nanak Dev Ji, the Second coming of Jesus. Solid Proof; this Golden Temple is of the same size as the Holiest of Holy that used to be in Jerusalem and its Curtain held the Secrets of the Oral Torah = His Word was rendered from the Top, the Temple High Priests, to the Bottom, the village Rabbis off you go – Luke 16v16; Law and Prophets were till John and thus, everyone makes a direct approach to God through His Word = Logo = SATGUR PARSAD. So, these hireling Dog-Collared Priests and Mullahs, cannot give your account to God as the Rabbis used to give at Passover. So, they are "ANTICHRISTS" that have a following of the spiritually blind Super Bastard Fanatic Devils - John 8v44 -, Hindu, Jew, Sikh, Christian, Muslim, etc. Outwardly, and not spiritually inwardly. These spiritual selves Hindu, Jew and Christian, are never born like Christ, the Title and they never die but the tribal selves Judah, Levi, Jatt, Tarkhan, etc. were born and they will die. Thus, Jesus was born and Jesus died on the Cross and rose on the Third Day and NOT CHRIST, THE TITLE. Books:- ONE GOD ONE FAITH:- www.gnosticgospel.co.uk/bookfin.pdf Greatest Blasphemers and Killers Blair and Bush being considered by Anti-Christ Bishops for Nobel Peace Prize. Nobel Peace Prize should rather go to Assange and the Iraqi Journalist who threw both his shoes at the hypocrite Bush in Iraq. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9qHdTpTXHvE&list=PL0C8AFaJhsWz7HtQEhV91eAKugUw73PW1 Christ Jesus was killed by the Temple High Priest Hypocrite/Blasphemer against the Holy Spirit and so are these Bush and Blair who at the backing of Jewish people in the USA destroyed one country after the other starting with the cradle of Humanity Iraq, the Land of the forefather of the Chosen People who are no more faithful to Abraham but has become sons of the Highest Satan Al-Djmar Al-Aksa. Blair and Bush’s blasphemies against Holy Spirit https://youtu.be/0WBYOmpDuCs American Jews are today – http://www.gnosticgospel.co.uk/GrimReaper.htm Destroying one country after the other, so that the scripture is fulfilled. Also, do not forget the partition of India and how the dirty hearted-British divided the homeland Punjab of the brave Jatt tribal soldiers who fought in the two World Wars for the British. Trinity:- www.gnosticgospel.co.uk/trinity.pdf

[livesanskrit]

Send from Sansgreet Android App. Sanskrit greetings app from team @livesanskrit .

It's the first Android app for sending @sanskrit greetings. Download app from https://livesanskrit.com/sansgreet

Guru Gobind Singh

Guru Gobind Singh (22 December 1666 – 7 October 1708), born Gobind Rai, was the tenth Sikh Guru, a spiritual master, warrior, poet and philosopher. When his father, Guru Tegh Bahadur, was executed by Aurangzeb, Guru Gobind Singh was formally installed as the leader of the Sikhs at the age of nine, becoming the tenth and final human Sikh Guru. His four sons died during his lifetime – two in battle, two executed by the Mughal army.

#sansgreet #sanskritgreetings #greetingsinsanskrit #sanskritquotes #sanskritthoughts #emergingsanskrit #sanskrittrends #trendsinsanskrit #livesanskrit #sanskritlanguage #sanskritlove #sanskritdailyquotes #sanskritdailythoughts #sanskrit #resanskrit #gurugobindsinghji #sikh #sikhism #warrior #spiritualmaster #celebratingsanskrit #philosopher #sikhs #punjab #punjabi #patna #patnasahib #nanded #maharashtra #hazursahib

[dtfbooks]

Sikh Books: Bridging Ancient Wisdom and Contemporary Though

Learning punjabi books offers a rich blend of spiritual teachings, historical narratives, and contemporary reflections. The Guru Granth Sahib, the central text of Sikhism, is a sacred scripture that embodies the core values of equality, compassion, and devotion. Alongside it, historical texts like the Janamsakhis provide vivid accounts of Guru Nanak’s life, while other works chronicle the bravery and challenges faced by the Sikh community throughout history.

In modern times, authors continue to explore the relevance of Sikhism, addressing contemporary issues like identity and diaspora life. From children’s books introducing Sikh Bookshop to philosophical explorations by modern thinkers, Sikh literature remains vital in preserving the faith’s essence while engaging new generations.

[globalworship]

Khaaki banda/A Mere Mortal Made of Clay, Sufi song

“Khaki Banda” is a Sufi-Rock song written and composed byShuja Haider, incorporating some of Bulleh Shah’s phrases, sung by Ahmed Jahanzeb and Umair Jaswal.

A live version was recorded in Season 9, Episdoe 3 (2016) of "Coke Studio Pakistan." This production is absolutely one of the best live music shows highlighting musics of South Asia. I view many of the show's uploads on Youtube, and have purchased some of the CDs and DVDs.

While this song was composed with Sufi sensibilities, almost all of the lyrical themes can be appreciated by Christians, so I'm featuring it on this blog. See below for analysis of the religious themes.

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The basis of the Punjabi lyrics were written by Syed Abdullah Shah Qadri (1680–1757), also known as Baba Bulleh Shah. He was a 17th-century Punjabi philosopher and Sufi poet. 

Shuja Haider, the music director of the song, added some additional lyrics.  https://discover.hubpages.com/literature/Khaki-Banda-a-soulful-Sufi-rock-song

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English subtitles are on the screen, and an English translation is below.

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Khaaki banda Karda phire khudaayi Lau la baitha dunya naal  Rabb ton kare judaai

A mere human made of clay Goes around acting as if he’s as invincible as God He’s lost himself completely to this ephemeral world And does not ponder his relationship with his Lord

Na kar bandya meri meri Na teri na meri Chaar dinnaan da e mela  Dunya fer matti di dheri

O human, leave off this battle for worldly possessions Nothing here can ever truly belong to us The glittering spectacle of this world lasts but a few days And then everything turns to dust

Padh padh kitaabaan ‘ilm diyaan Naan rakkh liya ee qaazi Makke Madeene ghum aaya te  Naan rakh liya ee haaji

You’ve filled your head with mere bookish knowledge And smugly titled yourself a grand authority You’ve done a round of Mecca and Medina And smugly titled yourself a holy pilgrim

Satrangi re na-daani teri  Nautanki re man-maani teri

You are fooled by the bright spectacle of this world Your proud willfulness is driven by nothing but conceit

Deen dharam di gallan baataan kar kar ke wi samajh na aayi Firqe wande ‘ilm na wanbya  Wich weeraan boyi ladaai

Your never-ending religious debates failed to create a deeper understanding You spread people into conflicting camps, but failed to spread real knowledge All you did was sow seeds of dissension among friends and brothers

Na kar bandiya heri pheri Na teri na meri Chaar dina da e mela  Dunya fer matti di dheri

O human, don’t get caught up in worldly matters Nothing here can ever truly belong to us The glittering spectacle of this world lasts but a few days And then everything turns to dust

Khoti neeyat khote sikke Na dewan saccha haani Badlega tu badle ga sab  De nafs apne di tu qurbaani

False intentions, deceit, and duplicity Can never win you sincere companions All will change if you only change yourself Slay your own base desires

Sat-rangi re na-daani teri Man-rangi re na-daani teri Satrangi re na-daani teri Nautanki re man-maani teri Ae zaat magar faani teri  Aa dil de raste te chal

You are fooled by the bright spectacle of this world Your proud willfulness is driven by nothing but conceit But your being is ephemeral Come, follow the path of Love!

Chadhde sooraj dhalde Bujhde deeve balde Jinna da na jag te koi Oh vi puttar palde vekhe Loki kehnde daal ni galdi  Main te patthar galde vekhe

I’ve seen the sun that rises also set I’ve seen flickering lamp blaze anew The orphans who have no one left in this world I’ve seen them also find the means to flourish People say that success is beyond reach But I have seen the impossible become possible

Satrangi re na-daani teri Nautanki re man-maani teri Satrangi re na-daani teri Nautanki re man-maani teri Ae zaat magar faani teri  Aa dil de raste te chal

You are fooled by the bright spectacle of this world Your proud willfulness is driven by nothing but conceit But your being is ephemeral Come, follow the path of Love!

Sona chaandi heere moti kha lai tu Ucche makaana kamre bhaven saja lai tu Laazim nahi hai keh khushiyaan saari ki saari kama lai tu Raataan ‘ch kalliyaan ro ro  rabb apne nu mana lai tu

Dhokkhe-baazi vich guzaara dekhe na sajjan bhaayi Raaz tere raaz mere jaane Khuda di khudaayi

You can gobble up pearls, diamonds, and all the riches of the world You can construct grand mansions and adorn them beautifully But true happiness is something difficult to buy So spend your nights in solitary vigil, weeping for your Lord’s forgiveness

Those who live by dishonest means don’t hesitate to harm even their loved one God in His infinite power is privy to all our secrets

Satrangi re na-daani teri Nautanki re man-maani teri Satrangi re na-daani teri Nautanki re man-maani teri Ae zaat magar faani teri  Aa dil de raste te chal

You are fooled by the bright spectacle of this world Your proud willfulness is driven by nothing but conceit But your being is ephemeral Come, follow the path of Love!

Khaaki banda  Karda phire

A mere human made of clay Goes around acting…

Khaaki banda Khaaki banda  Karda phire…

A mere human made of clay A mere human made of clay Goes around acting…

Translated by Zahra Sabri  With special thanks to Asim Raza

Lyrics and translation from https://www.lyricsmint.com/coke-studio/khaki-banda

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Coke Studio Pakistan has 700+ music videos online! If you want to learn about some of the very best musics being made in this part of the world, start browsing. :-) I have been on a ministry trip within Pakistan, and highly value my friendships made there, the creativity of Christians there, and the centuries of expert musicality in what is now Pakistan. https://www.youtube.com/@cokestudio https://www.facebook.com/cokestudio

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Misbah Sheikh provides a detailed analysis of the lyrical themes in an excellent (2021) post at https://discover.hubpages.com/literature/Khaki-Banda-a-soulful-Sufi-rock-song

Here are a few excerpts from his lengthy analysis of the song lyrics:

The song describes how man lives in this world and how he should live. It says that a man is nothing more than a clay-sculpted person. He wants to rule the world but has lost sight of reality. He acts as if he is God.

A person sculpted out of clay. He's lost himself in this ephemeral world, acting as if he's as invincible as Lord, and he's not thinking about his Master...

The song reveals another nature of man. He does good deeds and then thinks of himself as he worth all praise. Here the writer of the song referred to Mecca and Madina (the holy pilgrimages of Muslims as the writer of this song was a Muslim so he is referring to the Islamic world here but it is a universal message to the whole of mankind. Going to churches, mosques, temples are not the deeds that make us good people. It requires much more effort and hard work.)

He says you've made pilgrimages to Mecca and Medina and declared yourself a holy pilgrim. You've been duped by the world's dazzling entertainment, and your arrogant tenacity is fueled solely by conceit.

Only going to Mecca and Medina is not what makes you a holy pilgrim. It needs more hard work than just traveling there. Here the lyricist encourages us to do good deeds and asks us not to forget death.o is always loving and forgiving. Knowing all of our sins. He never fails to forgive and bless us. Because God is the source of all Love. He teaches Love, which is all we need. Sadly, Love is the only thing we have forgotten. I believe, Love is the answer to every question. Only love has the ability to soften even the hardest of hearts...

Finally, the lyricist claims that anyone could get pearls, diamonds, and all of the world's wealth. Man has the ability to build large mansions and can lavishly adorn them. True happiness, on the other hand, is more difficult to get. He encourages us to spend our nights solely in prayers, requesting God to forgive us. He says our Lord is merciful and listens to our prayers; He will forgive us as He loves us very much.

He then says that God, with His Infinite Power, is aware of all our secrets. He is aware of all of his and our secrets. He is the One Supreme Power, and nothing is hidden from Him. He claims that the world's glittering display has misled man. Man's arrogance stems solely from a sense of self-importance. The dazzling display of this world has misled him. He is just arrogant because of his ego.

In concluding words, the song tells us that we (the human) are only here for a brief time. So, we should put aside our disagreements and don't allow our egos to rule our life. He encourages us to come and walk on the path of love, for we are nothing more than clay sculptures, and one day we all have to return to our Creator.

Read more of his analysis of the lyrical themes at https://discover.hubpages.com/literature/Khaki-Banda-a-soulful-Sufi-rock-song

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[jagtardass9226]

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Best Vegetarian Indian Dishes to Order

Indian cuisine is well-known around the world for its vibrant flavors, intricate spices, and diverse dishes. From fiery curries to mouth-watering street food, the food of India is an incredible reflection of the country’s rich cultural history and varied regional influences.

The strong vegetarian tradition in Indian cuisine is one of its most striking characteristics. With an estimated 40% of the population abstaining from meat, India has the largest vegetarian population in the world. Vegetarianism in India has a long and complex history, with roots in Hinduism, Jainism, and other religious and philosophical beliefs.

For many Indians, vegetarianism is a way of life deeply intertwined with their cultural and spiritual identity. Vegetarian dishes are a staple of Indian cuisine and are celebrated for their bold flavors and inventive use of ingredients. Whether you’re a committed vegetarian or simply looking to explore the incredible diversity of Indian cuisine, there are countless and best indian vegetarian dishes to order, discover and enjoy.

Appetizers

Appetizers are essential to any Indian meal, and there are many vegetarian options. Here are some of the most popular vegetarian appetizers in Indian cuisine:

Samosas: Samosas are a classic Indian appetizer that can be found in virtually every corner of the country. These triangular-shaped pastries are stuffed with a spicy potato and pea filling and fried until crispy and golden. They are typically served with tangy tamarind or mint chutney, making them the perfect snack to enjoy before a meal.

Pakoras: Pakoras are another popular Indian appetizer made by coating vegetables in a spiced chickpea batter and deep-frying them until crispy. Some vegetables most frequently used in pakoras include onion, potato, and cauliflower, although many other variations exist. Pakoras are often served with a side of mint or coriander chutney, which provides a refreshing contrast to the spicy fried flavors.

Aloo Tikki: Aloo Tikki is a popular street food snack made by shallow-frying a spiced potato patty until crispy on the outside and soft on the inside. The potato patty is typically seasoned with aromatic cumin, coriander, and turmeric. Aloo Tikki is often served with various chutneys, including tamarind, mint, and yogurt, adding flavor to this delicious snack.

Paneer Tikka: Paneer Tikka is a vegetarian appetizer made by marinating chunks of paneer cheese in a blend of yogurt and spices and then grilling or baking them until golden and slightly golden charred. The marinade typically includes ginger, garlic, cumin, and coriander, which infuse the paneer with a complex and delicious flavor. Paneer Tikka is often served with a side of mint chutney, which complements the paneer’s creamy and slightly tangy flavor.

Whether you’re a fan of savory or spicy flavors, there are countless vegetarian appetizers to explore in Indian cuisine.

Main Courses

Regarding vegetarian main courses in Indian cuisine, the options are endless. From rich and hearty curries to fragrant rice dishes, there is a vast array of vegetarian dishes to explore. Here are some of the most popular vegetarian main courses in Indian cuisine:

Saag Paneer: Saag Paneer is a classic North Indian dish with spinach and paneer cheese cooked in a fragrant blend of spices. The paneer cheese is cubed and cooked in a creamy spinach sauce flavored with garlic, ginger, and garam masala. Saag Paneer is typically served with hot naan bread or steamed rice.

Chana Masala: Chana Masala is a spicy and flavorful dish cooked with chickpeas in a tangy tomato-based sauce. The chickpeas are simmered with onions, garlic, ginger, and a cumin, coriander, and turmeric blend. This dish is perfect when served with hot naan bread or steamed rice.

Baingan Bharta: Baingan Bharta is a classic Punjabi dish that features roasted eggplant mashed with tomatoes, onions, and a blend of spices. The eggplant is roasted over an open flame until tender and charred on the outside, imparting a smoky flavor to the dish. Baingan Bharta is typically served with hot naan bread or steamed rice.

Dal Makhani: Dal Makhani is a rich and hearty lentil-based dish made with black lentils and kidney beans cooked in a creamy tomato-based sauce. The lentils are simmered with butter, cream, and aromatic spices such as cumin, coriander, and cinnamon. This dish is typically served with hot naan bread or steamed rice.

Aloo Gobi: Aloo Gobi is a popular North Indian dish with potatoes and cauliflower cooked in a spicy tomato-based sauce. The dish is seasoned with a blend of cumin, coriander, and turmeric, giving it a bold and complex flavor. Aloo Gobi is typically served with hot naan bread or steamed rice.

Vegetable Biryani: Vegetable Biryani is a fragrant rice dish loaded with vegetables and aromatic spices such as cardamom, cinnamon, and cloves. The rice is typically cooked with various vegetables such as peas, carrots, potatoes, spices, and herbs. Vegetable Biryani is often served with raita, a cooling yogurt-based condiment, and papadums.

Whether you prefer creamy curries or fragrant rice dishes, there are countless vegetarian main courses to explore in Indian cuisine. With a wide variety of spices, herbs, and vegetables, there will surely be a dish that will satisfy every taste bud.

Best Vegetarian Indian Dishes to Order in Darlington

If you’re looking for delicious vegetarian Indian cuisine in Darlington, look no further than Bombay Gate. Here are some of the best Indian vegetarian dishes  to order to experience the authentic flavors of Indian cuisine:

Crispy vegetable samosas

Succulent paneer tikka masala

Flavorful chana masala

Delicious saag aloo

Fragrant vegetable biryani

We also offers a great selection of bread, such as naan and paratha, that perfectly complement these dishes. Don’t forget to try our delightful desserts like gulab jamun or ras malai to complete your meal.

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Bread

Bread is an essential part of Indian cuisine, and there are numerous types of bread to choose from. Whether you prefer soft and fluffy naan or flaky, layered parathas, Indian bread is the perfect accompaniment to any meal. Here are three of the most popular types of bread in Indian cuisine:

Naan: Naan is a leavened, oven-baked flatbread popular throughout India and the surrounding region. The bread is typically made with white flour, yeast, salt, and water, traditionally cooked in a tandoor oven. Naan is soft and chewy, with a slight char on the outside that adds a smoky flavor. It is perfect for sopping up rich curries or as a vehicle for dips and spreads.

Roti: Roti is an unleavened flatbread made from whole wheat flour, water, and salt. The dough is rolled into thin circles and cooked on a hot grill until it is puffy and golden brown. Roti is a staple of Indian cuisine and is often served alongside curries or used to wrap kebabs or other fillings. It has a mild, nutty flavor pairs well with spicy and flavorful dishes.

Paratha: Paratha is a flaky, layered flatbread made with whole wheat flour, oil, and water. Roll out the dough into thin circles, brush with oil, and fold over multiple times to create layers. The paratha is then cooked on a hot grill until it is crispy and golden brown. Paratha can be served plain or stuffed with various fillings, such as spiced potatoes, paneer cheese, or cauliflower. 

An essential component of Indian cuisine is bread, and there are countless types of bread to choose from. So next time you enjoy a delicious Indian meal, don’t forget to try some of the amazing bread that Indian cuisine has to offer.

Desserts

No Indian meal is complete without something sweet to end it with. Indian desserts are known for their unique flavors and textures, often incorporating ingredients like milk, sugar, and cardamom. Here are three popular Indian desserts to satisfy your sweet tooth:

Gulab Jamun: Gulab Jamun is a classic Indian dessert that consists of soft, spongy balls made from milk solids and soaked in a sweet syrup flavored with cardamom and rose water. These golden brown balls are typically served warm and are incredibly rich and decadent. They are perfect for satisfying a sweet craving after a spicy meal.

Rasgulla: Rasgulla is a traditional dessert that originated in eastern India. It consists of soft, spongy balls made from chenna (a type of fresh cheese) and soaked in syrup made from sugar and water. This dessert has a mild, sweet flavor and a unique texture that is soft and chewy. It is often served chilled, making it a perfect dessert for hot summer days.

Kulfi: Kulfi is Indian ice cream known for its rich, creamy texture and intense flavor. It is made by cooking milk and sugar until it thickens, then adding flavors like cardamom, saffron, or pistachio. The mixture is then frozen in small molds, resulting in a dense, creamy dessert perfect for enjoying on a hot day.

Indian desserts are the perfect way to end a meal on a sweet note. Whether you prefer the rich, decadent flavor of gulab jamun, the soft and spongy texture of rasgulla, or the creamy, intense taste of kulfi, there is an Indian dessert to satisfy every sweet tooth. So next time you enjoy an Indian meal, save some room for dessert!

Beverages

Indian cuisine is popular for its diverse flavors and aromatic spices. It also offers a range of beverages to accompany your meal. Here are two popular Indian drinks that you must try:

Chai: Chai is a staple beverage in Indian households and a favorite among many tea lovers worldwide. This Indian-style tea is typically made with black tea leaves, milk, sugar, and spices like ginger, cardamom, and cinnamon. The spices and tea leaves are boiled with water, creating a flavorful and fragrant brew. The resulting tea is mixed with hot milk and sugar to create a deliciously rich, comforting drink with a slightly spicy kick.

Lassi: Lassi is a traditional yogurt-based drink that originated in northern India. It is made by blending yogurt with water or milk and adding flavors like rose water, cardamom, or fruit puree. Lassi is an excellent thirst quencher that complements spicy Indian dishes. It is also a great source of probiotics and can aid digestion, making it a healthy and refreshing beverage option.

Indian cuisine offers a great selection of beverages to accompany your meal, from the warm and aromatic chai to the refreshing and nutritious lassi. These popular drinks can enhance your overall dining experience, so the next time you indulge in Indian cuisine, try them out.

Conclusion

Indian cuisine offers a variety of flavorful and nutritious vegetarian dishes. There are plenty of options, from appetizers like samosas and pakoras to main courses like saag paneer and vegetable biryani. Bread options like naan and paratha complement any meal, while desserts like gulab jamun and beverages like chai and lassi provide a refreshing finish. Indian cuisine celebrates vegetarianism with an abundance of meat-free options that are both delicious and satisfying. So, whether you’re a vegetarian or looking to explore new flavors, try Indian cuisine and enjoy the experience!

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Online Treasure of Sufi and Sant Poetry

Online Treasure of Sufi and Sant Poetry

Introduction

Understanding the Essence of Sufi and Sant Poetry

Define Sufi Poetry

Define Sant Vani

Importance and relevance in modern times

Sufi/Sant Poetry: A Rich Heritage

Historical Background

Origins of Sufi Poetry

Development of Sant Vani

Famous Sufi Poets and Their Contributions

Bulleh Shah

Rumi

Amir Khusro

Renowned Sant Poets and Their Works

Kabir

Tulsidas

Guru Nanak

Sant Vani: The Spiritual Songs

Definition and Importance of Sant Vani

Connection with spirituality and daily life

Prominent Themes in Sant Vani

Love

Devotion

Humanity

Notable Compositions in Sant Vani

Kabir's Dohas

Guru Nanak's Bani

Tulsidas' Ramcharitmanas

Sufi Qawwalis: The Soulful Melodies

Origins and Evolution of Qawwali

Historical context and cultural significance

Famous Qawwals and Their Contributions

Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan

Sabri Brothers

Abida Parveen

Impact of Qawwalis on Society

Influence on music and cinema

Role in spiritual gatherings

Sufi Kalam: The Divine Verses

Meaning and Importance of Sufi Kalam

Spiritual and philosophical insights

Key Figures in Sufi Kalam

Rumi

Hafez

Shah Hussain

Popular Sufi Kalam Collections

Mathnawi by Rumi

Diwan-e-Hafiz

Heer Ranjha by Waris Shah

E-Books: Accessing the Treasure

Availability of Sufi and Sant Poetry E-Books

Benefits of digital access

Top Online Platforms for Sufi and Sant E-Books

Sufinama

RekhtaBooks

Project Gutenberg

Recommended E-Books for Sufi and Sant Poetry

"The Essential Rumi" by Coleman Barks

"Songs of Kabir" by Rabindranath Tagore

"The Conference of the Birds" by Attar of Nishapur

Conclusion

The Continuing Relevance of Sufi and Sant Poetry

Modern interpretations and adaptations

Influence on contemporary literature and art

Exploring Further

How to engage with and study Sufi and Sant poetry

Online resources and communities

Example Content Sections:

Understanding the Essence of Sufi and Sant Poetry

Sufi and Sant poetry are two deeply spiritual and philosophical traditions that have enriched the cultural and literary heritage of South Asia and beyond. Sufi poetry, often associated with mysticism and the quest for divine love, is known for its profound depth and emotional resonance. Sant Vani, on the other hand, comprises the devotional songs of the Sant tradition, emphasizing ethical living, devotion to God, and social equality.

These poetic forms have not only provided spiritual solace to millions but have also acted as a medium for social reform, challenging rigid societal norms and advocating for a more inclusive and compassionate worldview.

Famous Sufi Poets and Their Contributions

Bulleh Shah Bulleh Shah is one of the most celebrated Sufi poets whose verses transcend the boundaries of time and culture. His poetry, written in Punjabi, is a testament to his profound spiritual journey and his quest for unity with the Divine. Bulleh Shah’s works, such as "Bulleya Ki Jaana Main Kaun," are timeless classics that continue to inspire and resonate with readers around the world.

Rumi Jalal ad-Din Muhammad Rumi, more commonly known as Rumi, is perhaps the most famous Sufi poet in the world. His works, written in Persian, have been translated into numerous languages and are widely read across the globe. Rumi’s poetry, encapsulated in his magnum opus "Masnavi," explores themes of divine love, the soul’s journey towards God, and the nature of existence.

Amir Khusro Amir Khusro, a prolific Persian poet and a disciple of Nizamuddin Auliya, made significant contributions to Sufi literature and music. He is often credited with the invention of several musical instruments and the development of new genres of poetry. His ghazals and qawwalis are integral to the Sufi musical tradition and continue to be performed with great reverence.

Prominent Themes in Sant Vani

Sant Vani, the poetic expressions of the Bhakti saints, often revolve around themes of love, devotion, and social justice. The Bhakti movement, which gave rise to Sant Vani, sought to transcend the barriers of caste and creed, promoting a direct and personal relationship with the Divine.

Love and Devotion The Bhakti saints, such as Kabir and Guru Nanak, emphasized the importance of love and devotion in their teachings. Kabir’s dohas (couplets) are renowned for their simplicity and profound wisdom, urging individuals to seek the Divine within themselves and to practice love and compassion in their daily lives.

Humanity and Social Equality The Bhakti poets often used their verses to challenge societal norms and advocate for social justice. Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, composed hymns that spoke against the caste system and gender discrimination, promoting the ideals of equality and universal brotherhood.

Famous Qawwals and Their Contributions

Qawwali, a form of Sufi devotional music, has a rich history and a profound impact on South Asian culture. This genre, characterized by its repetitive and hypnotic melodies, is designed to induce a state of spiritual ecstasy and divine connection.

Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan is often hailed as the greatest qawwal of all time. His powerful voice and emotive renditions of Sufi poetry have captivated audiences worldwide. His contributions to qawwali music have not only preserved this ancient tradition but also brought it to the global stage, influencing musicians across various genres.

Sabri Brothers The Sabri Brothers, a legendary qawwali group from Pakistan, are known for their dynamic performances and soulful renditions of Sufi poetry. Their qawwalis, such as "Bhar Do Jholi Meri" and "Tajdar-e-Haram," are celebrated for their spiritual fervor and emotional depth.

Abida Parveen Abida Parveen, one of the most iconic female Sufi singers, has made significant contributions to the world of Sufi music. Her powerful and evocative voice has brought the poetry of Sufi saints to life, making her one of the most revered figures in the genre.

Recommended E-Books for Sufi and Sant Poetry

For those looking to delve deeper into the rich traditions of Sufi and Sant poetry, numerous e-books are available online. These digital collections provide a convenient way to explore the profound wisdom and spiritual insights of the Sufi and Bhakti poets.

"The Essential Rumi" by Coleman Barks This renowned translation of Rumi’s poetry by Coleman Barks captures the essence of Rumi’s mystical and spiritual insights. The book includes some of Rumi’s most famous poems, making it an essential read for anyone interested in Sufi literature.

"Songs of Kabir" by Rabindranath Tagore Rabindranath Tagore’s translation of Kabir’s dohas brings the profound wisdom of this Bhakti saint to a global audience. The book offers a selection of Kabir’s most insightful and thought-provoking verses, providing a glimpse into his spiritual teachings.

"The Conference of the Birds" by Attar of Nishapur This classic Persian poem, written by the Sufi poet Attar of Nishapur, is an allegorical journey of the soul towards enlightenment. The book, available in various translations, is a profound exploration of Sufi philosophy and spiritual quest.

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Folk Songs of India for 2023 That Depict Indian Culture | The Wanderer India

Folk songs of India are traditional songs that have been passed down through generations among various communities and regions in India. These songs are often reflective of the local culture, customs, traditions, and way of life of the people in a particular region or community. Folk songs in India are usually sung in regional languages and are often accompanied by local musical instruments, dance forms, and rhythmic beats.

Folk songs of India are diverse and vary greatly from one region to another, as India is a culturally rich and diverse country with numerous languages, customs, and traditions. These songs may have themes related to love, nature, festivals, seasons, historical events, social issues, and more, and are often performed during festivals, weddings, gatherings, and other social occasions.

Indian folk songs hold a significant place in the country’s cultural heritage, as they are a reflection of the local beliefs, values, and way of life of the people. They are often passed down orally from one generation to another, and they play a vital role in preserving and promoting the cultural diversity of India. Folk songs of India are cherished for their simplicity, emotive lyrics, soulful melodies, and vibrant rhythms, and continue to be an integral part of the rich tapestry of Indian culture.

Type of Folk Songs of India

India is a land of diverse cultures, and folk songs vary greatly across different regions of the country. Here are some popular types of folk songs in India:

Baul Songs: Originating from Bengal, Baul songs are spiritual and philosophical songs sung by Bauls, who are wandering minstrels known for their mystic and devotional music.

Bihu Songs: Hailing from Assam, Bihu songs are associated with the Bihu festival and depict themes of love, nature, and rural life. They are usually accompanied by energetic dance forms.

Lavani Songs: Popular in Maharashtra, Lavani songs are lively and colorful folk songs known for their upbeat rhythms and vibrant dance performances. They often portray themes of love, romance, and social issues.

Ghazal: Originating from the poetry of medieval Islamic culture in India, Ghazal is a form of poetic folk song that reflects themes of love, longing, and mysticism. Ghazals are characterized by their soulful melodies and poetic lyrics.

Bhangra Songs: Hailing from Punjab, Bhangra songs are lively and energetic folk songs that are accompanied by the high-energy Bhangra dance. They often depict themes of celebration, harvest, and Punjabi culture.

Rajasthani Folk Songs: Rajasthan has a rich tradition of folk music, with various forms of songs like Ghoomar, Maand, and Holi Songs, which depict the culture, customs, and lifestyle of the people of Rajasthan.

Garhwali Songs: Originating from the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand, Garhwali songs portray the beauty of the Himalayan region and its people, depicting themes of nature, love, and spirituality.

Haryanvi Folk Songs: Haryanvi folk songs are known for their lively beats, humor, and wit. They often depict themes of rural life, agriculture, and social issues, and are popular in the state of Haryana.

Manipuri Folk Songs: Hailing from Manipur, these folk songs are known for their melodious tunes and graceful dance forms. They depict themes of love, nature, and local traditions.

Himachali Folk Songs: Himachal Pradesh has a rich tradition of folk songs like Kulluvi, Kinnauri, and Chamba folk songs that portray the cultural heritage of the region, with themes of nature, love, and local traditions.

These are just a few examples of the diverse types of folk songs that are prevalent in various regions of India. Folk songs play a significant role in preserving and promoting the rich cultural heritage of India, reflecting the local customs, traditions, and way of life of the people in different regions of the country.

List of Best Folk Songs in India

India has a rich heritage of folk songs that are cherished for their emotive lyrics, soulful melodies, and vibrant rhythms. Here is a list of some popular and best folk songs from different regions of India:

Welcome to the folk music of India!

GYPSY (Balam Thanedar)

Familiar with the specific folk song “Gypsy (Balam Thanedar)”. It is possible that it may be a regional folk song from a specific locality or community in India. India’s folk music is incredibly diverse, with thousands of traditional songs from different regions, languages, and communities. Folk songs are often passed down orally through generations and may have unique variations and interpretations in different regions.

If you have more information about the folk song “Gypsy (Balam Thanedar)” or any other specific folk song, I would be happy to try to provide more information or help with any questions you may have. Please provide more context or details about the song, and I will do my best to assist you further.

Listen Song- https://youtu.be/cZSrWoBMSrg

Banni Tharo Chand Sariso Mukhdo

“Banni Tharo Chand Sariso Mukhdo” is a popular Rajasthani folk song that is known for its catchy melody and vibrant lyrics. It is often performed during folk music and dance performances in Rajasthan, showcasing the rich cultural heritage of the region. The song is typically associated with the Banni or Banna (bridegroom) and his beloved, and the lyrics revolve around their playful banter and expressions of love.

The song is usually performed in a traditional Rajasthani folk music style, with instruments like the dholak (a double-headed hand drum), harmonium (a small keyboard instrument), and khartal (a pair of wooden clappers) adding to the lively rhythm and melody. The lyrics are typically sung in the Rajasthani language and may vary in different renditions or performances.

“Banni Tharo Chand Sariso Mukhdo” has gained popularity not only in Rajasthan but also in other parts of India and among Rajasthani communities living in other countries. It is often played during festive occasions, cultural events, and Rajasthani weddings, and is loved for its energetic and joyful vibe.

Listen Song :- https://youtu.be/dlrQgg3Y06k

Zingaat

“Zingaat” is a popular folk-inspired song from the Marathi film “Sairat”, which was released in 2016. The song has gained widespread popularity in India and has become a cultural phenomenon, known for its energetic beats, catchy melody, and lively dance moves.

The song “Zingaat” is known for its fusion of folk and modern elements, blending traditional Marathi folk music with contemporary Bollywood-style music. It is composed by music directors Ajay-Atul and sung by Ajay Gogavale and Atul Gogavale, who are renowned music composers in the Marathi film industry. The lyrics of “Zingaat” are in Marathi, and they depict the youthful exuberance and celebration of life.

The “Zingaat” song has been widely used in Bollywood and Marathi films, as well as in various cultural events, parties, and celebrations. The peppy beats and catchy chorus of “Zingaat” have made it a popular dance number, and its foot-tapping rhythm and energetic vibe have made it a favorite among audiences of all ages.

Listen Song :- https://youtu.be/2gcsgfzqN8k

Jugni Ji

“Jugni Ji” is a popular folk-inspired song that originated in Punjab, a region in northern India known for its rich cultural heritage and vibrant folk music. The song has been adapted and remixed in various versions and languages, and it has gained widespread popularity across India and among Punjabi communities worldwide.

The song “Jugni Ji” is known for its lively beats, catchy melody, and powerful vocals. It typically features a fusion of traditional Punjabi folk music with modern elements, such as electronic beats and contemporary instrumentation. The lyrics of “Jugni Ji” are typically in Punjabi and revolve around the theme of Jugni, which is a metaphorical representation of a wandering spirit or a female folk character who roams free and embodies the spirit of rebellion, resilience, and freedom.

“Jugni Ji” has been widely used in Punjabi films, albums, and cultural events, and it has also been adapted into various remixes and cover versions in different languages. The song’s energetic and dynamic rhythm, along with its powerful lyrics and soulful vocals, have made it a popular choice for dancing, celebrations, and cultural performances, both in India and among Punjabi communities around the world.

Listen Song :- https://youtu.be/gjaH2iuoYWE

Meri Ri Saas Ke Paanch Putar The

“Meri Ri Saas Ke Paanch Putar The” is a popular folk song from the state of Rajasthan in India. The song is known for its lively rhythm, catchy melody, and humorous lyrics.

The lyrics of “Meri Ri Saas Ke Paanch Putar The” are typically in Rajasthani language and revolve around a humorous narrative of a mother-in-law (saas) who had five sons-in-law (putar) with distinct personalities and traits. The song humorously describes the quirks and idiosyncrasies of each son-in-law, often resulting in comical situations and anecdotes.

The song is typically performed in a traditional Rajasthani folk music style, with instruments like the dholak (a double-headed hand drum), harmonium (a small keyboard instrument), and khartal (a pair of wooden clappers) adding to the lively rhythm and melody. It is often sung and performed during folk music and dance performances, cultural events, and festive occasions in Rajasthan, showcasing the rich cultural heritage of the region.

“Meri Ri Saas Ke Paanch Putar The” has gained popularity not only in Rajasthan but also in other parts of India and among Rajasthani communities living in other countries. Its humorous lyrics, lively rhythm, and catchy melody make it a favorite among audiences of all ages and a cheerful addition to folk music from Rajasthan.

Listen Song :- https://youtu.be/0ea9z7bQAe8

52 GAJ KA DAMAN

“52 Gaj Ka Daman” is a popular folk-inspired song from India that gained widespread popularity in 2021. It is known for its peppy beats, catchy melody, and danceable rhythm, making it a popular choice for celebrations and events.

The song “52 Gaj Ka Daman” is a fusion of traditional Indian folk music with modern elements, blending folk instruments like dholak, harmonium, and tumbi with contemporary Bollywood-style music. The lyrics of the song are typically in Hindi and revolve around the theme of celebrating life, love, and togetherness, often through playful and flirtatious expressions.

“52 Gaj Ka Daman” became a viral sensation on social media platforms, particularly on TikTok and other short video sharing platforms, where it gained millions of views and was widely shared and performed by users. The song’s catchy beats, upbeat melody, and catchy lyrics made it a favorite among audiences, and it became a popular choice for dancing, performances, and events.

“52 Gaj Ka Daman” is often played at weddings, parties, and cultural events, and its catchy rhythm and energetic vibe have made it a hit among young audiences, particularly in India’s rural and semi-urban areas. The song’s fusion of folk and modern elements, along with its upbeat and celebratory tone, has made it a prominent addition to contemporary Indian folk music.

Listen Song :- https://youtu.be/CZt-rVn2BJs

Wajle Ki Bara

“Wajle Ki Bara” is a popular folk-inspired song from the Marathi film “Natarang”, which was released in 2010. The song is known for its catchy rhythm, energetic beats, and vibrant dance moves, making it a popular choice for celebrations and cultural events in Maharashtra, a state in western India.

The song “Wajle Ki Bara” is a fusion of traditional Lavani folk music, which is a traditional dance form of Maharashtra known for its lively and sensuous movements, with modern elements, such as electronic beats and contemporary instrumentation. The lyrics of the song are in Marathi and revolve around the theme of love, longing, and desire, often with playful and flirtatious expressions.

“Wajle Ki Bara” became a massive hit upon its release and gained widespread popularity in Maharashtra and among Marathi-speaking communities worldwide. The song’s catchy rhythm, energetic beats, and vibrant dance moves made it a favorite among audiences, and it has been widely used in cultural performances, events, and parties.

The song’s fusion of folk and modern elements, along with its lively and celebratory tone, has made it a prominent addition to Marathi folk music and a popular choice for dancing and entertainment. Its foot-tapping rhythm, catchy melody, and colorful dance moves have made “Wajle Ki Bara” a favorite among Marathi music lovers and a symbol of Maharashtra’s rich cultural heritage.

Listen Song :- https://youtu.be/7R7QJkznJGU

Ki Banu Duniya Da

“Ki Banu Duniya Da” is a popular Punjabi folk-inspired song that gained widespread popularity in 2015. The song is known for its soulful melody, meaningful lyrics, and fusion of traditional Punjabi folk music with modern elements.

“Ki Banu Duniya Da” was originally sung by Gurdas Maan, a renowned Punjabi folk singer, and was later recreated by Diljit Dosanjh and Jatinder Shah for the Punjabi film “Punjab 1984”. The song’s lyrics are in Punjabi and convey a powerful message about the changing world and the value of preserving one’s culture and heritage.

The music of “Ki Banu Duniya Da” is a fusion of traditional Punjabi folk instruments like the tumbi, dhol, and harmonium, with modern elements like electronic beats and contemporary instrumentation. The song’s soulful melody, meaningful lyrics, and heartfelt vocals by Gurdas Maan and Diljit Dosanjh have struck a chord with audiences, making it a hit among Punjabi music lovers.

“Ki Banu Duniya Da” has been widely appreciated for its fusion of folk and modern music elements, as well as its meaningful lyrics that highlight the importance of cultural preservation. The song has been used in various cultural performances, events, and social gatherings, and has become a symbol of Punjabi culture and heritage. Its popularity has transcended regional boundaries, and it has gained fans and listeners worldwide, making it a prominent addition to Punjabi folk music.

Listen Song :- https://youtu.be/pjQyBF2gwjQ

Gajban Paani Ne Chali

“Gajban Paani Ne Chali” is a popular Haryanvi folk-inspired song that gained widespread popularity in 2019. The song is known for its catchy beats, peppy melody, and vibrant dance moves, making it a hit among audiences, particularly in Haryana and other parts of North India.

The song “Gajban Paani Ne Chali” is a fusion of traditional Haryanvi folk music with modern elements, blending folk instruments like dhol, harmonium, and sapera been (a traditional wind instrument) with contemporary Bollywood-style music. The lyrics of the song are typically in Haryanvi and revolve around the theme of love, flirtation, and celebration of the female form, often with playful and flirtatious expressions.

“Gajban Paani Ne Chali” became a viral sensation on social media platforms, particularly on TikTok and other short video sharing platforms, where it gained millions of views and was widely shared and performed by users. The song’s catchy beats, peppy melody, and vibrant dance moves made it a favorite among audiences, and it became a popular choice for dancing, performances, and events.

The song’s fusion of folk and modern elements, along with its energetic and celebratory tone, has made it a prominent addition to contemporary Haryanvi folk music. Its catchy rhythm, peppy melody, and colorful dance moves have made “Gajban Paani Ne Chali” a popular choice among Haryanvi music lovers and a symbol of the vibrant culture of Haryana.

Listen Song :- https://youtu.be/ky44cB4tFtQ

Dilbaro

“Dilbaro” is a popular folk-inspired song from the Bollywood movie “Raazi” released in 2018. The song is sung by Harshdeep Kaur, Vibha Saraf, and Shankar Mahadevan, and features heartfelt lyrics written by Gulzar. The music is composed by Shankar-Ehsaan-Loy.

The song “Dilbaro” is a poignant and emotional composition that reflects the bond between a daughter and her father. The lyrics are in Kashmiri language and convey the sentiments of a daughter leaving her home after marriage, bidding farewell to her father and seeking his blessings for the new phase of her life.

The music of “Dilbaro” is a beautiful fusion of traditional Kashmiri folk elements with modern Bollywood music. The song features soulful vocals, melodious Kashmiri folk tunes, and traditional instruments like rabab, santoor, and tumbaknari, along with modern instrumentation, giving it a unique and heartwarming appeal.

“Dilbaro” received widespread acclaim for its soulful melody, heartfelt lyrics, and emotional rendition. The song has been widely appreciated for its depiction of the Kashmiri culture and its portrayal of the emotions associated with a daughter’s wedding. It has been used in various cultural performances, events, and wedding ceremonies, and has become a popular choice for expressing the emotions of a daughter leaving her home after marriage.

“Dilbaro” has also been widely praised for its empowering message of love, sacrifice, and the special bond between a father and daughter. The song has struck a chord with audiences and has been loved by music lovers of all ages. Its folk-inspired melodies and emotional lyrics have made it a prominent addition to Bollywood’s rich repertoire of folk-inspired songs, and it continues to be cherished by fans of Indian music.

Iisten Song :- https://youtu.be/WqUXVw0WlXc

Conclusion

Folk songs of India are an integral part of the country’s rich cultural heritage, representing the diverse traditions, languages, and regional flavors that exist within the country. These songs often depict the daily life, customs, rituals, celebrations, and emotions of the people, providing a window into the vibrant and diverse culture of India.

From the soulful melodies of Rajasthan’s Manganiyar musicians to the peppy beats of Haryana’s popular folk songs, from the rustic charm of Punjab’s Bhangra tunes to the soul-stirring Sufi melodies of Kashmir, folk songs of India are a treasure trove of musical expressions that capture the essence of Indian culture.

In recent times, folk songs have also gained popularity in mainstream media and entertainment, with Bollywood and other music industries incorporating folk elements in their compositions, creating a fusion of traditional and modern music. These folk-inspired songs have resonated with audiences across the country, and even globally, showcasing the timeless appeal and universality of Indian folk music.

Whether it’s the foot-tapping rhythms of Bhangra, the soulful melodies of Sufi music, or the vibrant beats of Haryanvi folk songs, Indian folk music continues to captivate audiences with its rich heritage, cultural significance, and timeless appeal. Folk songs of India are not just musical expressions, but also a reflection of the people, traditions, and diverse cultures that make India a land of rich cultural tapestry.

[risingpakistan]

بابا بُلّھے شاہ

اربوں کھربوں سال سے بنی اس دنیا میں وقت کی لہریں یوں ہی گزرتی رہی ہیں اور گزرتی جائیں گی۔ انسان بھی آتے ہیں اور لہروں کی طرح گزر جاتے ہیں لیکن ہمیشہ وہ انسان دنیا اور دلوں میں گھر بناتے ہیں جو اس دنیا میں کچھ کر جاتے ہیں۔ وہ چلے بھی جائیں لیکن دنیا انہیں ہمیشہ یاد رکھتی ہے۔کبھی لفظوں میں کبھی یادوں میں اور کبھی مزاروں کی شکل میں، اور بزرگ برصغیر پاک و ہند میں بے شمار صوفی ایسے گزرے ہیں جنہوں نے برصغیر کی اس سرزمین میں اسلام پھیلانے کیلئے آخری سانس تک بے شمار کوششیں کیں۔ وہ ساری کوششیں چاہے ان کی زندگی میں پوری نہ ہو سکیں لیکن ان کی تعلیمات اور کردار روشن ستاروں کی طرح اس دنیا میں قائم رہے۔ ان کی قبروں پر آج بھی لوگوں کا ہجوم رہتا ہے اور انہیں ایصال ثواب کرتا ہے۔ ان صوفیاء کرام نے جہالت ختم کرنے کیلئے اس سرزمین پر بے شمار کوششیں کیں، مشکلات برداشت کیں اور قربانیاں دیں جو لوگوں کے دلوں میں آج بھی زندہ و جاوید ہیں۔

انہی ناموں میں ایک نام حضرت بابا بلھے شاہ کا ہے۔ قصور شہر کا نام اور بابا بلھے شاہ کا نام ایک دوسرے سے جڑے ہوئے ہیں جہاں قصور کا نام لیا جائے وہاں بابا بلھے شاہ کا نام بھی ساتھ ہی لیا جاتا ہے۔ کچھ دن پہلے ہمارا قصور جانے کا اتفاق ہوا، دل میں بہت شوق تھا کہ بابا بلھے شاہ کا مزار دیکھیں۔ لاہور سے 28 کلومیٹر دور قصور کا چھوٹا سا شہر ہے۔ قصور پہنچ کر چار پانچ کلومیٹر دائیں جانب ایک چھوٹا سا پسماندہ گاوں ہے جو آج بھی اتنا ہی پسماندہ ہے جتنا کہ بابا بلھے شاہ کے زمانے میں ہو گا۔ آج بھی سائیڈوں پر بنے ہوئے بنوں پر لوگ بے کار بیٹھے رہتے ہیں۔ کچے پکے راستوں اور کھیتوں کے درمیان سے گزرتے ہوئے ہم مزار شریف کے پاس پہنچے۔ مزار کے آس پاس ایک چھوٹا سا شہر آباد ہے جہاں زیادہ مچھلی اور فالودے کی دکانیں موجود ہیں۔ ک��ر پارکنگ میں گاڑی کھڑی کر کے کچی جگہوں کو پار کرتے ہوئے ہم نے مزار کا رخ کیا۔ ان کچی جگہوں پر زیادہ قبریں ہی بنی ہوئیں تھیں۔

ایک لمبی قطار کے ساتھ چلتے ہوئے ہم مزار کے احاطے میں داخل ہوئے۔ وہاں سے وضو کیا اور مزار کے اندر کا رخ کیا۔ بے شمار رش اور چاہنے والے روزانہ سیکڑوں کے حساب سے حاضری دینے آتے جاتے رہتے ہیں۔ مزار کے ایک طرف ایک کمرہ تعمیر ہے جہاں ہر وقت قوالی کا انتظام ہے جو موسیقی بابا بلھے شاہ کی زندگی کا حصہ تھی۔ وہ آج بھی وہاں پر اسی طرز پر چلتی رہتی ہے۔ نہ کر بندیا میری میری نہ تیری نہ میری تو ایں خاک دی ڈھیری

کوٹھیاں بنگلے سب ٹر جانے جدوں لیکھاں نے اکھ پھیری

پنجابی صوفی شاعر بابا بلھے شاہ کو بخاری سید بھی کہتے ہیں۔ ان کا نام عبداللہ شاہ تھا، ان کے والد کا نام شاہ محمد درویش تھا جو مسجد کے امام تھے۔ بابا بلھے شاہ کی پیدائش اوچ شریف میں ہوئی۔ ان کے والد بچوں کو قرآن پاک پڑھاتے تھے۔ بابا بلھے شاہ نے ابتدائی تعلیم اپنے والد سے حاصل کی۔ قرآن، حدیث اور منطق کی تعلیم قصور سے حاصل کی۔ گلستان استاد بھی پڑھی۔ دنیا کے علم حاصل کر کے بھی ان کا دل مطمئن نہ ہوا۔ بابا بلھے شاہ حافظ غلام مرتضیٰ کے شاگرد بن گئے اور ان سے عربی، فارسی اور تصوف کی تعلیم بھی حاصل کی۔ وارث شاہ نے بھی حافظ غلام مرتضیٰ سے تعلیم حاصل کی۔ 

حافظ غلام مرتضیٰ کہا کرتے تھے۔ مجھے دو ایسے عجیب شاگرد ملے ہیں ایک بلھے شاہ ہے جو تصوف کی تعلیم حاصل کرے اس نے ایک ہاتھ میں سارنگی پکڑ لی اور دوسرا وارث شاہ جو عالم دین بن کر تعلیم حاصل کرنے کے بعد ہیرا رانجھے کے گیت گانے لگا۔ بابا بلھے شاہ اپنی شاعری میں نہ صرف مذہبی ضابطوں پر تنقید کرتے بلکہ ترک دنیا کو بھی بھرپور انداز میں مذمت کرتے اور محض علم جمع کرنے کو وبال جان قرار دیتے ہیں۔ علم بغیر عمل کے بے کار ہے۔ بابا بلھے شاہ کے دور میں مغلیہ سلطنت داخلی اور خارجی مسائل کا شکار تھی، معاشرہ تباہی کے دہانے پر کھڑا تھا، انسان بے بس ہو چکا تھا۔ لوگ ایک خدا کی عبادت کرنے کی بجائے توہمات میں الجھے ہوئے تھے لیکن بابا بلھے شاہ کو اللہ کی طرف سے یہ خوبی عطا تھی کہ وہ انسان کو تصویر کا دوسرا رخ سمجھانے کی بھرپور صلاحیت رکھتے تھے۔ انہوں نے انسانوں کو یہ سمجھانے کی کوشش کی کہ اے ابن آدم تو کچھ بھی نہیں تیری کوئی شناخت نہیں تو مٹی کی ڈھیری ہے بس وہ ایک درویش آدمی تھے۔

 یہ درویشی صفت ساری عمر ان کے ساتھ رہی۔ بابا بلھے شاہ اورنگ زیب عالمگیر کے دور کے چشم دید گواہ ہیں۔ اس لیے مفتی ان کے خلاف تھے۔ انہیں کافر کہہ رہے تھے۔ مغل سکھوں کا قتل عام کر رہے تھے اور سکھ مغلوں کو مار رہے تھے۔ بلھے شاہ نے صوفیانہ شاعری کے ذریعے اورنگ زیب عالمگیر کی حکمرانی کو چیلنج کیا۔ مفتیوں نے فتوے دیئے کہ ان کی شاعری کافرانہ ہے اس لیے ان کو ملک بدر ک�� دیا جائے۔ بلھے شاہ کا انسانیت سے بھرپور کلام اپنے جوبن پر تھا۔ اس وقت بلھے شاہ قصور کو خیرباد کہہ کر لاہور آ گئے۔ عوام کو محبت اور انسانیت کا درس دینا شروع کیا۔ ایسے شخص کو کیسے ریاست اور اس کے حلقے بے باکی سے زندہ رہنے دیتے۔ یہ سچ کی ریاستوں کے ٹھیکیداروں کیلئے خطرناک تھا۔ اس لیے لوگوں کو یہ سمجھ آ رہا تھا کہ یہ درویش مختلف بات کر رہا ہے۔ مفتیوں کو چیلنج کر رہا ہے، عشق ان کی طاقت تھی۔ ان کو مارنا مشکل تھا۔ 

بابا بلھے شاہ کا انتقال 1757 عیسوی میں قصور میں ہوا اور یہیں دفن ہوئے۔ ان کے عقیدت مند آج بھی ان کے مزار پر ہر سال ان کی صوفیانہ شاعری گا کر انہیں خراج عقیدت پیش کرتے ہیں۔ مزار کے احاطے میں ایک طرف شیشے کے کیس میں بابا بلھے شاہ کا عمامہ شریف اور ستار بھی موجود ہے۔ ایک حصے میں ان کے کلام کو گا کر سنایا جاتا ہے اور لوگ بڑے اشتیاق سے سنتے ہیں۔ سارا دن لوگوں کے ہجوم آتے جاتے رہتے ہیں۔ سچ تو یہ ہے کہ اللہ کے نیک بندوں کیلئے اس دنیا سے جانے کے بعد بھی وہ اس دنیا کے دلوں میں زندہ رہتے ہیں وہ کبھی بھی نہیں مرتے۔ قصوری میتھی ایک خاص سوغات ہے جو ان کے مزار پر لوگ کثرت سے خریدتے ہیں۔ ہم نے بھی فاتحہ خوانی کی اور سارا دن قصور میں گزارا اور یہ دن ہماری زندگی کا ایک بہت اہم اور یادگار دن تھا کہ ہم نے ایک صوفی شاعر کے مزار پر حاضری دی۔

روبینہ شاہین

بشکریہ روزنامہ جسارت

[infantisimo]

It was in the early 20th century that Punjabis studying in the universities of Oxford, Cambridge, London and California began to interact with Western thought. The poet Puran Singh (1881-1931) engaged Nietzsche in Punjabi; the great lexicographer Kahan Singh (1861-1938) collaborated with Macauliffe (1837-1913) on the English translation of the Sikh scriptures for his 6-volume magnum opus The Sikh Religion; the Greek and Sanskrit scholar Dharam Anant [Singh] worked on Plato while Santokh Singh (1892-1927) introduced Marx to Punjab.

Bhai Santokh Singh, a Ghadar activist and one of the founders of the communist movement in Punjab, was tried with 29 other Ghadarites in the Indo-German or San Francisco Hindu Conspiracy Case and sentenced to 21 months rigorous imprisonment. In the McNeil’s Island prison, he came in contact with other political inmates, many of them Russian communist exiles, and began to read leftist books, including the three volumes of Capital. After his release, he travelled to the Soviet Union, where he enrolled in the KUTV – University of the Toilers of the East. After returning to Punjab, he started Kirti (The Worker) in 1926, a Punjabi magazine.

In its first issue, dated February 1926, he published a short introductory article on Dialectical and Historical Materialism. The essay was also an important milestone in the development of Punjabi literary and political prose. Prior to this, historical and political texts – even the traditional medicine formulae – were written in poetry. Given the lack of an established Punjabi tradition of economic and philosophical discourse, Santokh Singh relied on Sanskrit for introducing new philosophical terms into Punjabi.

Dwarka Das Library, which shifted from Lahore to Delhi to Chandigarh after Partition, has in its collection the first English edition of Capital (1887). It is a fair conjecture that Bhagat Singh would have accessed it. In his memoir, Yash ki Dharohar (Heritage of Honour, 1988), Bhagwan Das Mahaur, an accomplice of Bhagat Singh, writes that he had read Capital on the suggestion of Bhagat Singh, but could not comprehend it. Bhagat Singh’s Jail Notebooks include quotes from the writings of Marx and Engels.

Makhan Singh (1913-1973) a whole-timer of the CPI during 1939-1947, spent his time in translating some parts of Marx’s Das Kapital into Punjabi in the Gurmukhi script. In 1942, Jagjit Singh Anand, an editor of Jang-e-Azadi, the CPI organ, received Makhan Singh’s Punjabi translation of ‘Dialectical Materialism’, a chapter in Das Kapital. In his memoir, Anand recalled his deep impression of Makhan Singh’s nuanced grasp of Marxist theory as well as his mastery of the Punjabi language. The two men worked on the editorial board of Jang-e-Azadi until 1947, when Makhan Singh left Punjab for Kenya.

The editorial board of Jang-e-Azadi consisted of communist activists and pioneer Punjabi translators of Marxian literature, including Bhag Singh, a PhD in political science from Berkeley University, Teja Singh Sutantar, a legendary political leader and graduate of the University of the Toilers of the East Moscow, Sohan Singh Josh, Makhan Singh, Jagjit Singh Anand, and Randhir Singh.

In May 1937 a collection of articles on capitalism, imperialism and socialism published in Kirti was compiled by Harkishan Singh Surjeet. This 100-page book was titled ‘Purani te Navi Duniya’ (Old & the New World) by Sathi (Comrade) Karl Marx. It was the first Marxian text in Punjabi that was laden with the new terminology of economics and philosophy, not familiar to most Punjabi readers at the time. Most of the newly-coined terms stuck. But a hundred years later, there is still no consensus about certain words and concepts. For instance, the word ‘Capital’ can be translated both as ‘Poonji’ (origin Sanskrit) and ‘Sarmaya’ (origin Persian).

The first authentic Punjabi translation of Capital was published in 1975 by Navyug publishers, Delhi. The three volumes were translated by a team of fulltime employees of the Soviet Embassy’s Information Department. No other book by Marx except The Poverty of Philosophy was translated into Punjabi.

The Communist Manifesto by Marx and Engels was first translated into Punjabi in the Gurmukhi script by Randhir Singh and published in Lahore in 1946. It took over 70 years for its Punjabi version to appear in the Farsi script in Lahore translated by Mushtaq Soofi (Sanjh publications, 2022). A booklet about contemporary Marxism, titled Nirvar (The Analysis) was published by Rashid Uz Zaman in the Farsi script in Lahore in 1970. Unlike the East Punjabi translation, which largely relies on Sanskrit, Zaman’s translation borrows heavily from Arabic and Farsi. This duality of one language with two scripts and two dictions has been a serious bone of contention between academics, linguists and writers on both sides of the divided land of Punjab.